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evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=17.61,21.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tomorrow at noon in the maintenance lab,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=21.053,23.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll have a panel of local people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=23.34,26.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have recently visited some of the Asian nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=27.703,31.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The topic will be to challenge to understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=31.94,35.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what Adrian Bennett and Neil Porter have done wrong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=35.23,37.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then Baron","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=37.93,39.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at three tomorrow afternoon the movie","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=41.47,44.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Half Life will be shown.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=44.18,46.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This afternoon, we're very fortunate to have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=46.66,48.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. Alex Chadwick with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=48.52,50.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"20 years ago Mr. Chadwick served","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=50.29,52.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as an American soldier in 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extensively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=58.97,61.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved in the anti-war movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=61.68,63.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of his contributions was 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Chadwick,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=70.122,71.336"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"along with other members from National Public Radio,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=71.336,73.589"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"returned to compile a documentary series on Vietnam today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=73.589,77.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so today Alex Chadwick will share with us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=77.76,80.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of his impressions on Vietnam and address the topic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=80.373,84.079"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Indochina question for a new administration,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=84.079,87.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how timely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=87.43,88.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Please welcome Mr. Alex Chadwick.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=88.66,90.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=1263.78,1267.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may still be alive in Southeast Asia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=1267.07,1269.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly in Laos where hundreds and hundreds of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=1269.79,1273.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Americans were shot down in an airplanes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=1275.04,1277.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and disappeared into the 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dozens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2447.11,2452.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and dozens of people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2452.21,2453.417"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They crowd onto very small 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either.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2475.62,2478.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a, perhaps a resignation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2478.13,2481.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which in some ways is discouraging.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2481.1,2483.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Might do the Vietnamese better to get angry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2483.74,2487.331"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 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government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2501.764,2506.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in exchange for seed, feed, fertilizer, and taxes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2507.522,2512.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Consequently, those who live in the country and 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Vietnam,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2520.73,2523.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"driving out from the cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2523.86,2526.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You go by these little houses stretched along the 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door.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2532.56,2535.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I saw a lot of them from 83, 84, 85, 86, early eighties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2535.53,2540.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There seems to be this building spurt, which has gone 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streets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2575.77,2579.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't see that in the North.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2580.33,2582.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everybody is poor in the 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blocks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2604.77,2609.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Ho Chi Minh City.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2609.19,2610.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see literally hundreds of kids, late teens,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2610.53,2615.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"early twenties, young men and women cruising","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2616.48,2620.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around on these new motorcycles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2620.3,2622.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they just kind of circle four or five blocks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2622.19,2625.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for about an hour or so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2625.26,2626.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then whir off into the night.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2626.36,2628.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have no idea what it means.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2628.81,2630.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're happy doing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2632.507,2634.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the University of Ho Chi Minh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2635.03,2637.399"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went to an English class and found many very,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2637.399,2641.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very good English speakers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2641.41,2643.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what looked to be a kind of an emerging yuppie class.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2645.01,2649.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These kids, first of all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2649.4,2651.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"none of them wanted to go in the army and serve in Cambodia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2651.42,2654.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One or two of them were interested in teaching careers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2655.99,2659.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most wanted to be guides and translators,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2660.394,2663.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they would have a chance to meet Westerners","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2663.1,2664.921"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to strike some kind of deal where they could work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2664.921,2669.921"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"representing a Western company in Ho Chi Minh City.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2670.69,2674.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was what they wanted to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2674.2,2675.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I sort of felt that they wanted to be MBAs if they could.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2675.82,2680.652"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2680.652,2683.652"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But none of them wanted to go participate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2687.81,2690.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in what was going on in Cambodia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2690.97,2694.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't actually go to Cambodia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2696.97,2699.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while I was on my trip to Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2699.66,2702.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NPR, National Public Radio, has a reporting team there now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2702.23,2706.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they must be emerging about now, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2708.71,2710.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so I hope if you listen to NPR,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2715.287,2717.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll soon be hearing from Alan Beaulieu","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2717.33,2718.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is going on in Cambodia now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2718.89,2720.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vietnam proclaims that it is withdrawing its troops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2722.478,2725.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The reports I've heard from reporters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2726.62,2729.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who've been there recently say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2729.11,2730.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in the capital city of Phnom Penh","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2730.05,2732.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there appears to be some kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2733.29,2735.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a mini economic boom going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2735.44,2737.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where that comes from, I have no idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2737.95,2740.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A mini boom in that city means that there are people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2740.51,2743.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually living there and there are goods for sale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2743.13,2745.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the streets in these little shops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2745.44,2748.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have no idea where that money comes from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2748.28,2750.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or what it means or what will develop there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2750.43,2755.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The U.S. government is supplying 15 million dollars a year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2759.539,2763.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"approximately, in aid to the forces of Prince Sihanouk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2763.53,2767.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of that's covert aid supplied by the CIA,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2773.09,2776.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"12 million dollars,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2776.2,2777.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that portion of it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2778.65,2779.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is not stolen by Ty Generals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2779.86,2782.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's going into the armed forces,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2782.28,2785.109"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arrives and is used for military aid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=2785.109,2787.463"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25164/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/164/original/AV203787_The_Indo_China_Question_for_the_New_Administration_a.vtt?1620122776","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/164/original/AV203787_The_Indo_China_Question_for_the_New_Administration_a.vtt?1620122776"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25165","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203787_The_Indo_China_Question_for_the_New_Administration_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114/transcript/25165/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- And tomorrow. This afternoon at 3:00 PM, the movie Radios at Sea will be shown. At 8:00 PM, Glenn Alcalay will be speaking on the topic Pacific Islanders in the nuclear age. I highly recommend that you join us again this evening. Tomorrow at noon in the maintenance lab, we'll have a panel of local people who have recently visited some of the Asian nations. The topic will be to challenge to understand what Adrian Bennett and Neil Porter have done wrong and then Baron and at three tomorrow afternoon the movie Half Life will be shown. This afternoon, we're very fortunate to have Mr. Alex Chadwick with us. 20 years ago Mr. Chadwick served as an American soldier in Vietnam. His return to Washington and his experiences in Vietnam prompted him to become extensively involved in the anti-war movement. One of his contributions was that of organizing demonstrations. Last February, Mr. Chadwick, along with other members from National Public Radio, returned to compile a documentary series on Vietnam today. And so today Alex Chadwick will share with us some of his impressions on Vietnam and address the topic of the Indochina question for a new administration, how timely. Please welcome Mr. Alex Chadwick.\r\n\r\n- Thank you. Thank you very much. I think the question of Indochina for a new administration, the question of Indochina for the old administration, the policy, the American policy towards Indochina has been pretty much stuck since about 1978. For various reasons, it hasn't much changed. We have an embargo against the most important country in Indochina right now which is Vietnam. Indochina, parenthetically, is Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. These three countries have struggled for many, many centuries among themselves to achieve dominance. Most often it's been either Cambodia or Vietnam that's been up. 125 years ago, Cambodia had established a dominion over much of the Mekong Delta, which Vietnam controls today. The allegiance of the people there has shifted back and forth with the national military power of the respective governments which have controlled the area. Nonetheless, today Vietnam remains the power in control, and it is the Vietnamese control of Indochina, which is the driving force of American policy toward Indochina. The Vietnamese would argue that they presently have troops stationed in Cambodia to help out the Cambodians in resisting the forces of the Khmer Rouge and Pol Pot, who behaved so murderously after taking power in 1975. The U.S. State Department argues that these troops are an occupation force and demonstrate the really aggressive nature of the Vietnamese. The semantic differences about Indochina are central to understanding U.S. policy there. You may recall that in 1975, when U.S. forces were finally totally vanquished in Vietnam, the government of South Vietnam overthrown and defeated primarily by the army of North Vietnam, coming down from the North shortly before the American government fell in South Vietnam, the American supported government, Pol Pot's forces emerged victorious in Cambodia and seized control of Cambodia. Actually shortly before the Vietnamese situation was resolved. The first act of Pol Pot's government, the first foreign policy act of Pol Pot's government was to launch a military attack against a series of islands along the South coast of Vietnam. These islands are again ground that has long been contested between Cambodia and Vietnam, but the Khmer Rouge decided to essentially occupy these islands and killed Vietnamese troops that had just taken control of the islands. The troops of North Vietnam. This touched off the beginning of ill relations between the North Vietnamese who had well, the Vietnamese who had the sort of control of all of their country at that time and the Khmer Rouge. The relations remained ill for a period of about three years. There were more border incursions down in the Mekong Delta region. There was a great deal of famine in Cambodia at the time. And consequently, they were attempting to reassert their control over portions of the border, where they might acquire some food. In late 1978, the Vietnamese responded to these attacks by driving into Cambodia. And by late February of 1979, they had essentially vanquished the Khmer Rouge and left in place in Cambodia a force of approximately a hundred thousand soldiers. And they remain there to this day with replacements taking place of the soldiers who were originally there. This force in Cambodia was condemned by the Americans and used as an excuse to impose an embargo against Vietnam, which remains in place today. This embargo against Vietnam is the single, most significant factor, I think, in the position of the country today. It's essentially isolated from all of its neighbors. It's isolated from the international relief agencies, which were more than willing. They were eager to go into Vietnam and attempt to help establish, to help reestablish agriculture, to help begin a civilian industry there. They had a fairly effective works on industry for supporting that the long ongoing military struggle there. But they didn't really know how to run a civilian economy. International agencies, the World Bank and International Monetary Fund were very eager to go into Vietnam, but with the U.S. embargo on there, and with the U.S. veto operative in these agencies, their efforts in Vietnam have been stalled ever since. So Vietnam remains isolated from international relief agencies. Its most important relationships, single most important relationship is with the Soviet Union, which extends both technical aid and training aid and actual outright grants to Vietnam. It's not really clear what the dollar amount of those grants are. They're at least enough, it's thought, to cover the costs that Vietnam occurs from occupying Cambodia and probably there's more money in it than that. The Soviets get a military base in Cam Ranh Bay, an important military base in that area of warm water, cornered on the Pacific Ocean. And they also get oil exploration rights, timber rights, and they import a number of guests workers from Vietnam who provide a cheap source of labor in the Soviet Union, working in industrial plants there. I wasn't able to get my printer to work. The U.S. State Department has witnessed the growth of influence over the Soviet Union in that part of the world with a great chagrin, but remains locked in its opposition to any kind of relations with Vietnam over the issue of what will happen in Cambodia. The United States have said, we will end this embargo against your country if you will withdraw from Cambodia. The difficulty for the Vietnamese in doing that is that there doesn't seem to be much doubt that the Khmer Rouge would very quickly return to power. Journalists and even American diplomats I spoke with in Bangkok on my trip in February agreed that the Khmer Rouge were backed by the Chinese who have a long standing enmity with the Vietnamese reaching back more than a thousand years. The Chinese are eager to support the Khmer Rouge and continue to support them militarily, partly to keep the Vietnamese off balance and uncomfortable and to prevent the Vietnamese influence from spreading throughout Indochina, which China rightly considers its fear, regards Vietnam as a competitor. Were the Vietnamese to pull out of Cambodia as they now are tentatively doing most of the experts that I spoke with thought that the Khmer Rouge would seize power in the country again in a matter of weeks, possibly a month, but certainly no more than two months. This is an outcome that the United States has said that it cannot allow to happen. Many other countries in the region say that they cannot allow this to happen. At the same time, there doesn't seem to be a real alternative to the Khmer Rouge other than the military presence of the Vietnamese. There's a Cambodian government there which is backed by the Vietnamese, supported by the Vietnamese, pretty much propped up by the Vietnamese. Whether that government could endure militarily is very much in doubt. The government proclaims that it can, it has an army in the field. The army is not very well equipped, not very well trained. And in most people's opinion, not very well able to fight. The forces which are opposing this army or most importantly, the Khmer Rouge, perhaps as many as 15,000 soldiers, perhaps 30,000 soldiers. It's not clear. They are very well equipped and very well trained. Additionally, there are forces loyal to Prince Sihanouk who was the Monarch of Cambodia before he was overthrown in a U.S. backed coup in 1969. There are a few thousand troops loyal to Mr. Sihanouk. And additionally, there is a general who represents what the state department calls the democratic opposition in Cambodia. There are a few thousand soldiers loyal to this channel, but I don't think that most of the people that I spoke with thought that there was really anything propping this guy up other than American dollars, which are useful for keeping them alive but not useful for really founding a government there. All around Indochina are the ASEAN nations watching what's going on and trying to gauge how to react. These countries are a part of the boycott which is isolating Vietnam. Most of them are doing pretty well economically. And most of them can find a reason to support the boycott, which is in their own interests. And unfortunately, most of them can find the ongoing situation in Cambodia is still made of occupation. A situation they can live with. It keeps Vietnam, which is a, in the view of, of many of the ASEAN countries, a dangerous country, a country with a very, very large army, a growing population. It keeps Vietnam occupied. It keeps Vietnam isolated. The Chinese like it because it keeps Vietnam off balance and isolated and prevents Vietnam from beginning new relations with the ASEAN countries. The ASEAN countries view Vietnam as both a military threat and an economic threat with very large population. They're very hardworking, determined people, a source of cheap labor, which many capitalists are interested in exploiting. You can find Western businessman, Japanese businessmen, Korean businessmen in Hanoi and in Ho Chi Minh City all the time, looking for deals, looking to develop the contacts which they think are going to be there soon when, whenever this embargo ends. The ASEAN nations say that they are ready to go into Vietnam to begin investing in Vietnam, to begin welcoming Vietnam back into the world community. When the U.S. boycott ends, the influence of the United States is such that it can discourage relationships between close neighbors, Singapore and Vietnam simply through its disapproval. At the same time, these countries are going ahead with a kind of under the table trade with Vietnam. Singapore, for instance, is buying a lot of fish, of shrimp, a lot of timber from Vietnam. Buying it with a government-backed company through loans with government banks. While at the same time, it is participating in the embargo against Vietnam, publicly will not acknowledge that it's doing any business with Vietnam, but it is. Korea is as well. All of these countries have their own cheap source of labor or relatively cheap source of labor and would like to encourage capital development in their own countries, rather than see it go into Vietnam, which certainly has the cheapest source of labor in all of all of Southeast Asia. A central problem for the ASEAN countries in dealing with Vietnam and in continuing to keep it isolated is the refugee problem. People continue to flee Vietnam by boat. There are two views of why they're leaving. One, they were the losers. The people who are leaving, were the losers in the war. After the war, those associated with Americans had a fairly difficult time. They couldn't get good jobs. Many of them were shipped to labor camps where they cut timber, where they worked on farms, where they essentially served work campus sentences for a period of years. In the, even the recent past, their children were not able to go on to the university. There not very many university openings in Vietnam for training students. And even today, the openings that are there are reserved for the people who have demonstrated a commitment to the future of the socialist Republic of Vietnam. It is an extremely poor country. There are not very many goodies to hand around, and the goodies are handed around, are handed around to people who are primarily members of the communist party, or who had demonstrated their work in work for the country. So people can be leaving for reasons of political repression or they can be leaving for reasons of economic benefit. It is very, very hard to make a living in Vietnam. If you can get out of Vietnam on a boat, if you can escape from Vietnam in a way that would make you a refugee, you are accorded refugee status by the United States because you're fleeing from a communist government. A great many people in Bangkok, a great many people in ASEAN nations believe that the people who were fleeing Vietnam today are leaving because they're poor and they see that if they can get out, they can get to a refugee camp. They will spend three or four, or maybe even five years there, but when they are accepted into a Western country and they will be accepted because they are fleeing communist repression automatically, if they're able to get out, they then begin to participate in the economic riches of the West. There are people in the state department in Washington, who will hold that view as well. And there is talk underway in Washington of beginning to set a new policy which will deny refugee status to fleeing Vietnamese, unless they can absolutely demonstrate and prove that they are the victims of political repression. There's no way on God's earth to prove that to someone who picks you up off a boat in the middle of the ocean or off a beach where you land in Philippines or Thailand. So I don't know how that policy is going to realistically work out, but the ASEAN nations are prompting the United States to make that change in policy now because they are saddled with a really horrendous problem of these people, landing and landing and landing. I think there are a thousand, 1500 people a month, boat people, coming into Hong Kong alone and express it's just a horrendous problem for them. Another central problem for the United States in dealing with Vietnam is the problem of American soldiers missing in action. This is the second factor, the second of three factors which Americans raised, American diplomats raised in talking to Vietnam about how to, how we might reestablish relations with them. It is the view of the United States government that about 2,000 soldiers in Vietnam are unaccounted for and that until Vietnam accounts to these people, in some way, we cannot normalize relations. Many people believe that there are at least some of these missing American soldiers missing in action from the war may still be alive in Southeast Asia, particularly in Laos where hundreds and hundreds of Americans were shot down in an airplanes and disappeared into the jungle. Very few of them were ever heard from again. There are these stories of sightings of American prisoners throughout Indochina are brought out by refugees fleeing from these countries and lead a number of experts who've studied the situation to conclude that there are Americans still there. I don't know whether this argument can ever be adequately settled for the people whose family members may still be gone there. This is a war that we lost, and we can't, we don't, we're not able to go into this territory and search it to our own satisfaction. Moreover, if we were, I don't know that you could ever search this jungle land sufficiently well for the satisfaction of someone who has lost a family member, has lost something so dear to them. The handling of this issue in the last decade, however, has created a small, quite small, but very powerful lobby in Washington, dedicated to the preservation of the issue of those missing in action. It is a group of people who have suffered a loss of family and who believe for one reason or another, that this loss can be made good by the Vietnamese. They are determined that there will be no lowering of the barriers to Vietnam until this issue is resolved. At times the federal government has encouraged these people, at times it has discouraged them. They remain a very powerful force in Congress to block any further relations with Vietnam. The final barrier, which the U.S. raises in talking to Vietnam about veteran American relations is the disposition of several thousand Vietnamese who are in Vietnam now, and who were fairly high ranking members of the government of South Vietnam or the army of South Vietnam. Many of these people were put in reeducation camps after the war. Most of them are still in Vietnam. And U.S government has said to the government of Vietnam let these people out. That's the final thing that you have to do in order to get us to normalize relations. These are people to whom the United States feels it owes a debt and in fact it does owe a genuine debt to these people. They were the government bureaucrats and the senior level officers who exercised the policy of fighting the revolution in Vietnam and the government of North Vietnam. Vietnam, most recently, has first said that it would immediately begin releasing these people after the last release from a reeducation camp, and then has backed away from that. There is some reason for the Vietnamese to, the Vietnamese say they need a guarantee from the United States that the really thousands and thousands of professional military men, who it will release, who are antagonistic to them, he wants to know that these guys aren't going to show up in a couple of months with guns on the border and be fomenting a revolution. About a year ago, a force of 300 guerillas attempted to invade Vietnam. They came in from Thailand across through Cambodia, and were entering Vietnam when they were intercepted. There was a battle. There were many people killed. More than a hundred of these guerillas were captured and put on trial. Some were executed, some were sentenced to labor camps. These were former members of the army of South Vietnam who maintain an ongoing worldwide network and who work and who believe that they will be able to overthrow the government of Vietnam. And who worked for that. There is a series of noodle shops in this country called Pho, P-H-O, Pho 75. These noodle shops, you can find them all across the country. They're run by this organization to make money, to raise money for overthrow of the government of Vietnam. There was no allegation on the part of the government of Vietnam at this force of 300, who came in and were defeated. There was no allegation on the part of the government of Vietnam that this was a very serious threat to them. And no real allegation that this forces represented the foreign policy goals or intent or exercise of the U.S. government. There is no allegation that they were working for the CIA paid by the CIA, anything like that, but they certainly are at the very least a nuisance threat to the government of Vietnam. And they asked that the U.S. agreed to establish some kind of relations with Vietnam so that Vietnam could feel secure letting these thousands of officials go to the United States and to other Western countries that have agreed to accept them. The U.S. response to that has been once these people come to our shores, they are, they're free to do whatever they want. They're like any other American citizens. We cannot put restrictions on them. Vietnamese say, okay, don't put restrictions on them, but at least deal with us on a day-to-day basis so that if we find 300 of them on our border again, they can complain to you about it. The isolation of Vietnam, which endures and it goes on, has led to this. A country of 70 million people with a very high population growth and very great poverty. Vietnamese officials will tell you that they are one of the five poorest countries in the world and seeing the place, you can believe that that's true. In the last eight or nine months, there were reports of famine in Vietnam which is a horrendous development in a country that has one of the most fertile rice growing regions in the entire world. Reports of famine site problems of distribution, rather than problems of growth. There is enough rice there, but they can't get it to the people who are hungry. Especially in North Vietnam, people you see on the street are poorly dressed. Housing is crowded almost beyond belief. There are many old houses in Hanoi. It was a former kind of French colonial city and there were these big mansions, wonderful old properties there. There were maybe as many as 200 people living in one of these houses, I was told. On the outskirts of the city, there are shacks that go on and on and on for miles and miles, many of them with dirt floors. It's very poor. When I was there in February, it was pretty cold and rainy up in the North. But in the South, it was not. It was warm and in the streets at night, you would find hundreds of people sleeping in parks, and many more people sleeping on sidewalks around the city. There's just no place for them to go. There's a very low rate of economic growth there because Vietnam is totally isolated from the Western world that could generate investment capital. I may not use the word total. It is not totally isolated. It is largely isolated from the Western world. The Soviet presence there is really largely one of military aid and some economic and training aid, but it's not fulfilling the role of investment capital which is what the Vietnamese so badly need. They also need access to Western universities and training. They're getting this to some extent today from Japan. There was a kind of student exchange program. The Japanese are sending some students to Vietnam to learn Vietnamese, and they are they're taking some Vietnamese students in Japan to study computers and the kind of technical skills that the Vietnamese realized they need. The people who are managing the Vietnamese economy now from the top to the bottom are by large, very fine warriors, superb soldiers, but they don't know much about managing an economy. They don't know how to encourage people to participate in, to encourage people rather than to demand that people participate in the economic life of a nation. Some of the senior economic managers are aware that they have essentially many problems. They have a fairly significant management problem. They need for these older warriors who were rewarded for their roles in combat with positions of power and influence in society. They need these people to essentially to retire and go on and sit in the sun so they can bring in younger people who know how to, to the extent that they do. There are some people there with technical, economic training mathematics, computer skills, banking skills. These people need to come up in society. There's the view of many of the economic managers that they can and that they will. But meanwhile, they're not because the people who won the war are in positions of authority. The infrastructure of the country is simply dreadful. Electricity is erratic. Roads are very bad. The railroads are horrendous. Passenger service by air is actually fairly adequate, but I don't think that there's much of an air freight system in the country. A lot of freight moves along the coast by these rusting, coastal freighters. There are two important dam developments that have been ongoing in the country for about a decade. One in the South and another in the North. These are two projects which are sponsored by the Soviets. It sounds ridiculous, but some years after they began the work on the dam in the north, which is just a mammoth project. As it approached completion, it occurred to the planners that once this dam was there to generate power, they were going to actually need to take the power from the dam and move it to the light switch. The planners had never figured in a power distribution grid for this dam. So, this mammoth project is kind of sitting out there. They're now trying to glom onto this dam project, a power distribution grid. The dam in the South is another mammoth construction project. When I was there in February, there were stories in the paper that the local prosecutor was bringing charges against the managers of the dam, because it was falling apart. They apparently had been selling the concrete that was supposed to go into the dam or selling part of it and using sand in its place. The mixture wasn't right. The dam appears to be so badly built that they may have to tear it down and start over. The wisest thing to do actually would be to tear it down and not start over, but to begin the 20 or 30 or 40 small hydro projects which would be very useful in a country like that, rather than these kind of huge mammoth kind of socialism demonstration projects, which are not very useful in that country. Again, international development experts, particularly in Bangkok, who I spoke with, going in and coming out of Vietnam, would shake their heads about this projects and say, you know, geez, these are just so wrong-headed, these giant dam projects. They need these smaller projects. And if we could only get in there and work with these people, if we could have only got it and worked with them 10 years ago, we could have really had made some influence. And in the 10 intervening years, Vietnam might have begun to develop the infrastructure which would attract capital and make life a lot better in Vietnam today, or the possibility of it being better. They were prevented from doing that 10 years ago and they're prevented from doing that now, virtually by U.S. policy. Telephones. In the cities of Vietnam, we had a guide assigned to us by the foreign press center and we would tell her who we wanted to go interview and what we wanted to do. She would set off to try and see if she could get these people to agree to talk to us, which involved getting in a car or getting on a bicycle and going across the city to this person's desk and asking them if they would be willing to do it. And then coming back to us. You can't make a telephone call in this city. They don't work very reliably at all. Although it is possible to call from a hotel in Hanoi to Washington, DC, which I did several times, or from Ho Chi Minh City to Washington, DC or even from Ho Chi Minh City to Hanoi. Sort of the long lines, which are controlled by a Russian satellite station and an Australian satellite station in Ho Chi Minh City. They tend to work pretty well. You can also get telex services in their big modern developments, which you can bring in by satellite and which are not dependent upon the infrastructure of the country work, but those things which do depend upon the infrastructure of the country, do not work. What does work in Vietnam? It's the social cohesion of many of the people. For a country that has so many problems and which is beginning today to, has begun in the last couple of years to say, look, a lot of these problems are left over from the fact that we were bombed so badly. Our factories are torn down and all we know how to do is fight and the American isolation. In the last couple of years, the Vietnamese have started to say, even so, we've got to accept it. Even granted that we should be doing a little bit better somehow. There is a strong degree of, I found a strong degree of what looked to me to be social cohesion, especially in the North. These are people who have suffered a great deal. People who are used to a very, very extraordinary degree of sacrifice and who use that as a kind of a social glue. I mean, they really suffered together. There are people in the upper reaches of the party in Hanoi, very senior people in government, the foreign minister, the deputy foreign minister, kind of the deputy minister level of government, live better than other people do. They have access to better food, better clothing, better medical care, better housing, but it's not a lot better. And it's not a lot of people. There's a really fair degree of leveling there. No one has cars in Hanoi. I would guess there were, maybe, I bet there are two dozen private cars in the whole country of 70 million people. Government agencies have cars. There are vans available, for instance, for tourists, for press, for international agencies, which can place people in Hanoi. But, in private hands, there are no cars. There are motorbikes, some, and bicycles. People get around by bicycle or they walk, or they ride, but buses, which are just a remarkable way to get around. I've never seen so many people crowded onto such a small platform, as there are dozens and dozens and dozens of people. They crowd onto very small vehicles. They seem to hold together in a way that I can't, I can't really put my finger on. There's no anger there that I was able to detect directed at each other and there's not a great deal of anger directed at outsiders either. There's a, perhaps a resignation, which in some ways is discouraging. Might do the Vietnamese better to get angry about circumstances. Farmers in Vietnam appear to be doing pretty well. They grow enough food to support themselves, to support their community, and to sell beyond what they owe the government in exchange for seed, feed, fertilizer, and taxes. Consequently, those who live in the country and farm are doing pretty well. You can see evidence of new construction in Vietnam, driving out from the cities. You go by these little houses stretched along the road. Many houses in Vietnam had the date of construction in brick set right above the door. And I saw a lot of them from 83, 84, 85, 86, early eighties. There seems to be this building spurt, which has gone up. In the South, there are more unhappy people, people unhappy with the government. Many of these are people who were on the losing side of the war. And I think you'd kind of expect those people to be unhappy with the government. There's a much greater disparity of wealth in the South. Really poor people sleeping on the streets. You don't see that in the North. Everybody is poor in the North, but nobody's quite that poor. In the South, a lot of people are that poor. And on the other hand, there are a lot of new motorcycles. There is a youth culture there, which is flourishing in expressing itself in an evening ritual of cruising around four downtown blocks in Ho Chi Minh City. You see literally hundreds of kids, late teens, early twenties, young men and women cruising around on these new motorcycles. And they just kind of circle four or five blocks for about an hour or so and then whir off into the night. I have no idea what it means. They're happy doing it. At the University of Ho Chi Minh, I went to an English class and found many very, very good English speakers and what looked to be a kind of an emerging yuppie class. These kids, first of all, none of them wanted to go in the army and serve in Cambodia. One or two of them were interested in teaching careers. Most wanted to be guides and translators, where they would have a chance to meet Westerners and to strike some kind of deal where they could work representing a Western company in Ho Chi Minh City. That was what they wanted to do. I sort of felt that they wanted to be MBAs if they could. But none of them wanted to go participate in what was going on in Cambodia. I didn't actually go to Cambodia while I was on my trip to Vietnam. NPR, National Public Radio, has a reporting team there now, and they must be emerging about now, I think. And so I hope if you listen to NPR, you'll soon be hearing from Alan Beaulieu what is going on in Cambodia now. Vietnam proclaims that it is withdrawing its troops. The reports I've heard from reporters who've been there recently say that in the capital city of Phnom Penh there appears to be some kind of a mini economic boom going on. Where that comes from, I have no idea. A mini boom in that city means that there are people actually living there and there are goods for sale on the streets in these little shops. I have no idea where that money comes from or what it means or what will develop there. The U.S. government is supplying 15 million dollars a year, approximately, in aid to the forces of Prince Sihanouk. Most of that's covert aid supplied by the CIA, 12 million dollars, and that portion of it, which is not stolen by Ty Generals, it's going into the armed forces, arrives and is used for military aid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112114#t=0.0,2792.25469"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Convinced in some way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=7.59,8.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to stop supplying him with aid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=8.68,11.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The final country in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=13.198,15.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indochina","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=17.58,18.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me just touch on it Laos.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=18.65,21.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The story that when president Kennedy was elected,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=21.107,26.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he went to see president Eisenhower","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=27.52,29.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Eisenhower was still in office,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=29.31,30.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and before Mr. Kennedy had a little summit conference,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=30.98,35.111"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but camp David and Marilyn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=35.111,37.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as regards foreign policy Eisenhower said to Kennedy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=37.64,40.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\" there's just one word I'm gonna say to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=40.653,42.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's Laos \"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=42.69,43.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the last time that any American","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=44.424,45.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"official that's on record is having 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the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=49.894,54.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went out of the picture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=55.341,57.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Vietnamese maintained forces in 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Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=309.25,311.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there, there essentially is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=313.41,317.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have some slides 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airport","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=341.963,343.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in coming into Hanoi,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=344.225,345.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're greeted with an airport that is a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=346.62,350.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right away you sense the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=355.84,357.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is in economic trouble believe me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=357.04,358.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everything in the place looks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=358.58,359.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of homemade and put together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=359.61,361.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hanoi is a city of many lakes, and this is one of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=365.08,368.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the central Lake in the city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=368.55,370.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's a lot of myth and legend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=371.27,373.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tied up with this place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=373.61,374.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's surrounded by these low shops all around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=374.96,379.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is, this is February again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=379.29,382.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=383.92,385.485"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's cold and rain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=385.485,386.435"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a small Island in the middle of that Lake with a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=388.45,391.758"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pagoda out there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=391.758,393.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this pretty wodden bridge leading out to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=393.397,396.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a story that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=399.15,400.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a sword was either lost or found on this Island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=402.0,404.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't remember which it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=404.62,406.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But anyway,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=406.52,407.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's part of the legend of the Vietnamese 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bottom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=419.661,421.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right-hand corner of the photo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=421.74,424.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's probably a press 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them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=990.01,992.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And just children everywhere, everywhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=992.73,996.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This old man on the right was in charge of the church,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1000.6,1003.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would scatter the children when they came near us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1003.29,1005.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think he thought that they were, too 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dressed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1039.63,1041.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They weren't very clean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1042.37,1044.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They, showed evidence of a fairly hard 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stop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1056.01,1058.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a big problem for Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1058.55,1060.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their population growth rate is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1060.33,1063.001"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 2.3% a year I think very high.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1063.001,1066.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're struggling to get it down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1067.63,1068.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that's a struggle that they're losing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1068.94,1072.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the end of my slides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1078.889,1080.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have some more but-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1081.69,1082.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience claps)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1086.197,1088.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can take questions if any of you have any questions 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Cambodians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1142.97,1145.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Vietnamese maybe trying to move these people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1145.72,1148.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back across the border,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1148.21,1149.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as they're withdrawing their troops from Cambodia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1149.48,1151.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to not have the situation develop 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there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1160.86,1162.355"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're coming across the border to reclaim their land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1162.355,1166.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It certainly would 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absorb","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1173.814,1174.647"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any refugee population at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1176.52,1180.155"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(lady speaking 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all online.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1190.09,1191.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(narrator laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1191.4,1194.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's not place over there ......","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1194.09,1195.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1197.96,1198.949"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(man speaking 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aid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1211.5,1214.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Additionally there is a reservoir political support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1214.06,1217.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Paul Port for two reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1217.87,1220.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One, he actually did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1222.02,1224.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stave off starvation for some people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1226.1,1229.519"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Cambodia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1229.519,1230.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and two he's the 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Vietnamese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1241.9,1244.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So he's the most significant enemy Vietnam has.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1244.65,1249.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Consequently he is a hero for some Cambodians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1249.43,1253.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but blamed by many others death,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1257.03,1261.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"literally millions of 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Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1344.559,1345.392"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(man speaking inaudibly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1345.392,1348.809"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not 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them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1372.28,1376.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think that happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1377.94,1379.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If anything, ther Vietnamees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1381.86,1383.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seems to me acted with extraordinary restraint.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1383.56,1387.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that it's kind of reeducation camps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1388.79,1391.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has not been a very good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1391.63,1393.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for many of these people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1393.16,1395.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think they can be criticized for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1397.59,1400.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pointlessly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1402.05,1402.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"keeping people essentially","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1403.86,1405.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either in forced idleness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1406.55,1408.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in forced walls in the camps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1408.46,1410.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years beyond many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1412.1,1413.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any good punishment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1414.89,1416.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are other human rights","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1419.04,1421.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accusations that are raised against them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1423.26,1425.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1427.0,1427.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a country that was so bitterly divided","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1429.06,1432.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for so long","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1432.08,1433.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over a question of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1433.997,1435.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are you going to side with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1435.75,1437.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Vietnamese national character,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1437.5,1439.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or are you going to side with the first European","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1439.08,1442.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1442.32,1443.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American occupiers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1443.64,1446.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seems to me that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1446.54,1447.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they behaved pretty well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1448.85,1450.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay thank you all very much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1456.861,1458.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience claps)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=1458.557,1461.307"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25166/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/166/original/AV203787_The_Indo_China_Question_for_the_New_Administration_b.vtt?1620122781","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/166/original/AV203787_The_Indo_China_Question_for_the_New_Administration_b.vtt?1620122781"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25167","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203787_The_Indo_China_Question_for_the_New_Administration_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115/transcript/25167/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Convinced in some way to stop supplying him with aid. The final country in Indochina let me just touch on it Laos. The story that when president Kennedy was elected, he went to see president Eisenhower when Eisenhower was still in office, and before Mr. Kennedy had a little summit conference, but camp David and Marilyn. And as regards foreign policy Eisenhower said to Kennedy, \" there's just one word I'm gonna say to you. It's Laos \" It's the last time that any American official that's on record is having mentioned the country Laos because it immediately subsided and went out of the went out of the picture. The Vietnamese maintained forces in Laos. They say they are withdrawing forces from Laos. There are actually reports to corroborate the fact that there are some thousands of troops being pulled out. But they are certainly cropping up that government and what their intentions are there, who knows? It's not something like speak about very candidly. For the United States in looking at Southeast Asia, and viewing Vietnam, it seems to me to be the factors we think about, and can be said are these Vietnam is the dominant power in that region whether we like it or not it simply is. It is a large Southeast Asian country with whom the United States shares a relationship that is important to both countries. It's simply a place that Americans care about. And I think it's for that reason that for no other, it's a place that Americans should do something about. And which this administration should do something about. The embargo that is in place now against Vietnam hurts the Vietnamese and it hurts American businessmen who would like to get in there and take advantage of the extraordinarily cheap labor even though there are herendous problems right in other countries to do business in Vietnam. The embargo, which is supported by the ACIAR partners publicly, it seems to me works for the benefit of the ACIAR partners, because it keeps down and isolates a competitor. If the embargo is successful, United states must face the question of well, what then? Success for the embargo for the United States means that the Cambodian forces the Vietnamese forces in Cambodia are withdrawn. And discussions with the state department officials about, the embargo in Cambodia and Vietnam. The question of Vietnam is a very frustrated question to ask, because it doesn't seem to me there's any answer to it. The state department talks about this sort of this third force in Vietnam, which is neither the Camaro Rouge nor the Vietnamese back government hangs the reign. But the third force exists in the head of.... Paris, where talks are going on for the some sort of a resolution of the Cambodian problem. And in the end, in the view of the state department, no one in Southeast Asia believes that there is a third force. Let's say a very realistic possibility there. It's an unanswered question. Vice president Bush, president elect Bush is left with his support for Austrian. Has been been to Austrian countries and paid lip service to them. It's unclear to me that there is going to be any change in US policy toward Indochina with the new administration. And even if there is the will to change, which I don't believe there is on the part of the administration, the issue of American MIS remains a very difficult stumbling block for any administration to deal with. The opposition from that issue in Congress is going to be very, very difficult to overcome. There's a small group of people fully devoted to stopping any betterment of relations with Vietnam. So there, there essentially is. I have some slides which my partner took on his trip to Vietnam. I'd like to show them only 20 or so of them. I'd like to show them to you to just show you a little bit of what the country looks like today. The airport in coming into Hanoi, you're greeted with an airport that is a Right away you sense the country is in economic trouble believe me. Everything in the place looks kind of homemade and put together. Hanoi is a city of many lakes, and this is one of them. This is the central Lake in the city. And there's a lot of myth and legend tied up with this place. It's surrounded by these low shops all around. This is, this is February again, you can see it's cold and rain. There's a small Island in the middle of that Lake with a pagoda out there and this pretty wodden bridge leading out to it. There's a story that a sword was either lost or found on this Island. I can't remember which it is. But anyway, it's part of the legend of the Vietnamese empire. So there's a department store in downtown Hanoi you can see there's a van over there in the bottom right-hand corner of the photo. That's probably a press there. You see one motor scooter here and everyone else on bicycles. This is taken probably mid morning in Hanoi in the, what is probably the busiest intersection of the city. I mean, you can see that there's just, there's hardly any traffic there other than bicycle traffic. The department store had a number of goods in it, kind of consumer goods. And I went in there and asked to buy some things. A flashlight, a lazor blade that sort of thing. None of it was actually for sale. It was all on display so there was something in the cabinets, but there wasn't anything for sale. The street vendor selling out flowers for the new year celebration, which was underway then. This was their lunar new year. There's another street seen by that lake. This is cold. I mean, this is very cold. These people are bundled up as much as they can against the weather. It wouldn't seem very cold to us, but it's quite cold to them. You can see these women who are infront here and the other one there, they bundled up as much as they can, but they don't have shoes and boots. I mean, they're very poor people. It's been a long time since a trailer the ran over those tracks. This is a tree in downtown Hanoi. That is one tree, maybe an agronomist here who can tell me what kind of tree that is. I don't know what kind it is. It's beautiful. In one section of the city, there's a monument on the street. This is a home on a side street. That is one of the most important war memorials in Hanoi. This is the site of where a bomb fell during the Christmas boming of 1972. When president Nixon thought that he had concluded a peace agreement with the Vietnamese only to discover they were in his view, intransigent over some same point. Consequently, he unleashed a devastating dawning campaign of Hanoi right in time for Christmas in 1972. A bomb fell on this house and killed a woman and her dog. And this is a monument which has been erected in her to recall that event. Two faces of children were shot in the crowd. One day, we'd been there a few days, the press center god who was with us said, \"you've come at a very good time we've decided to release a thousand inmates from reeducation camps. And we want you to come with us to see this reeducation camp release.\" So we got in our van and we drove down a road about three hours, South of Hanoi. And three hours was a distance of maybe of 70 miles or so. And along the way, this is what we saw as we came on, we came onto to these mountains and that up Hills here. This is the crowd of Western journalists waiting to see what would develop in this place. These extraordinary geological formations around this very sharp shutting points coming up. But we'd been there a while, the commander of the camp came down, welcomed us up into this large kind of meeting building there. And when we were assembled there, these men came in like, I would guess 200 of them and sat on these chairs. They were kind of a grim and resigned looking a group of men I thought at the time. Some of these men were former officers of the army of South Vietnam. Others were government officials. Some had been both government officials and army officers. Some were non-commissioned officers, sergeants who had perhaps worked as translators for the Americans who have been involved in intelligence work which the Vietnamese viewed as a criminal offense of Rick's Verde. The man third man from the right was a former deputy prime minister of South Vietnam. He was a prime minister for one day when the deputy prime minister for one day as the government was falling in 1975. And had been a military officer before that and have been in jail in this reeducation camp, ever since. They read off a list of the crimes that these men had committed, what they'd been convicted, why they'd been convicted and then read told them they were being released to a specific address in various cities where they wanted to go. And then they marched out and back down to their, former barracks. Happy press four in attendance. Where there were subjected to interviews with the Western media. I saw several of these people about a week after this in Hanoi city. Some of them were the first man I talked to, I thought was very forthcoming and candid in what he said. He said that he'd been treated more or less all right. He described, he had been captured near Clay and had been in command of a Vietnamese division in Clay during the Tet offensive in 1968, when there had been a massarcar conducted by the Vietcong and North Vietnamese forces. And I asked him about this with his watcher, there is the press center person. He said \"oh yeah, like they killed a couple of thousand people.\" The next day, the person I was going to the other reeducation camp inmate I was going to speak with, before he came to speak to us, he was called into the foreign press center that morning, and told in no uncertain terms that no massacre occurred at Clay and furthermore, he wasn't there were kind of somethings he was gonna say and somethings he was not going to say. So they keep a fairly close watch on these guys. This is a church that we passed on the way, driving back North to Hanoi. Is in a small hamlet just off the side of the road, where this church sat like a dominant structure around. We stopped, got off and walked into the church and found that several older people were preparing the church for the new year's day services. And it seemed to us that that the church was still a very important part of life in this hamlet. This is a small hamlet, a very small hamlet. I would guess maybe 20 homes grouped around this around this church with rice fields all around them. And just children everywhere, everywhere. This old man on the right was in charge of the church, would scatter the children when they came near us. I think he thought that they were, too young to be around Westerners, or we were too dignified to be around them or something. But they didn't stay away very long. And they came back. You can see that these kids that I don't know if this young man in the center row, he looks a little old to me to be losing teeth because he's teething and new teeth are coming out. I think it's poor dental care, very poor dental care in much of the country. And you can see that these kids don't look very well dressed. They weren't very clean. They, showed evidence of a fairly hard life. And you can see there are a lot of them. Quite a lot of them per small hamlet on the side of the road, where we happened to stop. It's a big problem for Vietnam. Their population growth rate is about 2.3% a year I think very high. They're struggling to get it down, but that's a struggle that they're losing. That's the end of my slides. I have some more but- I can take questions if any of you have any questions about yes. Well, I didn't see that article. So I don't know which group of refugees. There's a large ethnic Cambodian community in Vietnam and the Mekong Delta. A large number of people who owe their allegiance to Cambodia and feel themselves to be Cambodians. The Vietnamese maybe trying to move these people back across the border, as they're withdrawing their troops from Cambodia in order to not have the situation develop again where the Cambodians say, look, those were people down there and they're coming across the border to reclaim their land. It certainly would be a great difficulty for Cambodians to absorb any refugee population at all. Yeah. Well, it's all online. That's not place over there ...... Yes. Well, he's got money for one thing. He's got money. You can feed people and that's- No it's from China, The Chinese starts sending him, sending him aid. Additionally there is a reservoir political support for Paul Port for two reasons. One, he actually did stave off starvation for some people in Cambodia, and two he's the anti Vietnamese presence there. And there's this very strong ethic energy between the Cambodians and the Vietnamese. So he's the most significant enemy Vietnam has. Consequently he is a hero for some Cambodians but blamed by many others death, literally millions of cambonian.\r\n\r\n- Statistics keep changing. The people who saw the story\r\n\r\n- Yeah. That's what they were trying to do then.\r\n\r\n- Yeah. I'm not aware of any execution on the part of the government of the policy of trying war criminals and executing them. I don't think that happened. If anything, ther Vietnamees seems to me acted with extraordinary restraint. Now that it's kind of reeducation camps has not been a very good for many of these people. I think they can be criticized for pointlessly keeping people essentially either in forced idleness or in forced walls in the camps years beyond many any good punishment. And there are other human rights accusations that are raised against them. But for a country that was so bitterly divided for so long over a question of are you going to side with the Vietnamese national character, or are you going to side with the first European and then American occupiers? Seems to me that they behaved pretty well. Okay thank you all very much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40487/file/112115#t=0.0,1467.55918"}]}]}]}