{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/h98z892x19/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Martin, Elizabeth A., Surveying Minority Groups in the United States"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV204017 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Surveying Minority Groups in the United States is an April 16, 1991 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Elizabeth Martin. Elizabeth Martin discusses the challenges in counting minorities for the census.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9kk94h7m"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1991-04-16"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Martin, Elizabeth A. (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["United States. 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e With distinction from The University of Michigan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=5.42,7.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Ann Arbor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=7.95,9.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She has also earned the MA and PhD degrees in sociology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=9.49,13.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also from the university of Michigan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=13.11,15.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Currently, she is chief of the center","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=16.02,17.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Survey Methods Research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=17.62,19.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the US Bureau of The Census in Washington, DC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=19.24,22.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She has numerous publications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=23.15,24.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in 1984 she co-edited Surveying Subjective Phenomenon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=24.76,29.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The final report of the panel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=29.58,31.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on surveying subjective phenomenon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=31.06,32.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the committee on national statistics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=32.577,35.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight, she will speak to us about implications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=36.25,38.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of behavioral research on causes of census undercount.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=38.92,42.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Martin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=43.26,44.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=51.581,53.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm flattered and honored to be here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=53.16,55.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the title of the talk is a bit misleading","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=56.46,59.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because implications is probably premature.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=59.03,63.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to report to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=63.72,64.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna tell you about some research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=64.98,66.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and progress that's going on at The Census Bureau.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=66.79,69.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope it will cover the whole interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=70.5,73.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the whole audience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=73.61,74.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it represents an attempt to combine qualitative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=74.5,79.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and quantitative approaches","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=79.35,81.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=81.47,82.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has resisted quantitative solutions at least.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=82.303,86.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll start off by giving you some background.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=87.62,89.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem has to do with census coverage,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=89.38,92.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which you may be familiar with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=92.47,94.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, this slide, which shows trends in net census undercount","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=113.94,117.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for different race gender groups, graphically-- Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=117.78,122.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Graphically illustrates the problem faced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=125.4,127.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Census Bureau.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=127.66,129.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With each six sets of census,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=129.34,131.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Bureau has introduced programs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=131.04,132.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to improve census coverage, and that coverage has increased","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=132.67,136.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for each group from 1940 to 1980.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=136.43,139.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But despite these efforts, a pattern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=139.58,141.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of differential undercount has persisted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=141.47,144.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with black men having especially high rates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=144.11,147.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Critics are already now charging","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=147.38,149.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this historical pattern was repeated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=149.7,151.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and may even be worse in the 1990 census, contributing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=151.87,155.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to inequity and the use of census counts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=155.62,158.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for apportionment, redistricting, and distribution of funds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=158.01,162.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, in this slide, here you can see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=163.94,166.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the very high overall rate of undercount for black men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=166.16,170.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this next 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on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=242.01,243.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the independent survey were lower overall","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=243.26,246.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and did not show the distinctive age pattern observed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=246.3,249.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the estimates based on demographic analysis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=249.42,252.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The difference between these two sets of estimates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=253.52,256.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and especially this area here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=256.62,259.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the area between the curves points to the existence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=259.74,263.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of large numbers of black men who were missed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=263.87,266.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in both the census and the post enumeration survey.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=266.37,270.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, roughly the same pattern of differences existed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=271.07,274.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between these two types of estimates in 1970.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=274.24,278.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which I'm going to show you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=284.539,286.872"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The age breaks here are very crude, so you can't really 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assessments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=294.9,297.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it also existed in 1960.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=297.97,300.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All three of these are based upon comparison","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=307.2,309.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of demographic analysis against","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=309.66,312.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the post census independent survey.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=312.05,315.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, these figures that I've been showing you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=317.47,319.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"point two key facts, which motivate the research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=319.62,322.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna tell you about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=322.94,324.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first is the historical 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censuses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=329.17,331.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At least we have documentation of that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=331.9,335.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it actually probably goes back over 100 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census","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=348.21,351.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but tells us nothing about the causes of the undercount","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=351.49,354.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the characteristics other than age, or the 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us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=360.25,363.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about black men who are missed by both the census","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=363.42,366.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the 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identify","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=371.02,373.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and test causal hypotheses of why the undercount","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=373.86,378.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and especially of black men, I'll be focusing on occurs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=378.29,382.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In contrast to both the PES and demographic analysis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=382.41,386.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it does not have a goal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=386.0,387.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of estimating a national undercount rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=387.21,389.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or estimating undercount 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focusing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=396.84,398.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on some of the research results for blacks in particular.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=398.52,402.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the reason for that is, first of 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small.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=1333.186,1336.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the results can't be generalized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=1336.11,1338.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to any population or group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=1338.16,1340.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A second limitation of this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=1340.65,1342.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this dress rehearsal study 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you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=1381.02,1382.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are based primarily on census forms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=1382.7,1385.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so they don't reflect census 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whites","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=1845.9,1850.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this sample is not consistent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=1850.34,1852.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Generally whites have better 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this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2095.79,2097.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that some women leave male partners off the roster,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2097.79,2101.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as leases and other 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movers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2512.23,2515.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the ethnographic results may shed light","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2515.97,2518.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the post enumeration survey.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2518.92,2521.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other place where the ethnographic results may be useful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2522.26,2525.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in conjunction with PES","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2525.31,2526.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that there's very little information existing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2527.37,2531.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the extent of correlation bias","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2531.45,2533.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the post enumeration survey and the census.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2533.67,2537.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this won't provide generalizable 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PES.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2544.0,2547.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I might close by just making a sort of more,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2552.36,2556.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a couple of comments about how I see the 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diversity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2573.76,2577.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and local variations in residency patterns,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2577.27,2581.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"housing units, addresses, naming conventions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2581.58,2586.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the sort of basic facts about living arrangements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2587.21,2591.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have a very powerful impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2592.76,2594.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on how the census actually works in any given area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2594.83,2599.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The disadvantage is almost the mirror image of that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2603.43,2607.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is the difficulty of achieving comparability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2607.63,2611.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and perhaps the best word would be 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data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2637.68,2641.071"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and interpreting them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2641.071,2642.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And whatever bias exists in that position","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2642.71,2646.141"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is hard to control for, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2646.141,2650.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The survey researcher, there's a great 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yourself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2658.26,2660.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are used to filter the data before it gets to you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2660.13,2664.455"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then to apply the apparatus of inferential statistics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2664.455,2669.455"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to those data, place great limitations on your ability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2670.23,2674.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to see what you wanna see in the data.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2674.88,2679.532"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem with the survey method is that the bias","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2679.532,2682.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the observer can be built-in in hidden 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situation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2688.92,2691.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assumptions that the researcher imports into it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2691.75,2695.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that the data don't tell you where you went wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2695.22,2699.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's a great sort of contrast and difficulty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2699.91,2704.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in trying to bring these two together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2707.27,2709.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think I'll close there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2710.22,2711.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you have questions, I'd be glad to answer 'em.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2711.32,2715.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(students clap loudly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2715.427,2718.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Are there any questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2724.172,2726.339"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there any areas that the studies were (indistinctive)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2730.279,2735.279"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and were rejected or unable to collect information?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2736.408,2740.425"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, there was as a matter of fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2740.425,2743.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in South Central Missouri,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2744.98,2747.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the researchers who were black were going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2750.02,2753.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into an area that was mixed ostensibly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2753.38,2757.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it turned out to be predominantly white","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2757.16,2758.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they had a very difficult time getting cooperation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2758.717,2763.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that area,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2763.52,2764.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2766.473,2767.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Just curious how are you recruiting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2773.67,2775.538"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and training ethnographers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2775.538,2777.788"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, in this study, we did it largely by word of mouth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2779.23,2784.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, we knew the areas that were in the census","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2785.071,2788.086"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we began searching for people to work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2788.086,2792.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"searching in local universities for people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2792.04,2794.185"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who might be interested in working on this project.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2794.185,2797.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the '90s study was done more systematically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2797.82,2800.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we advertised in sociology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2800.27,2803.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and anthropology newsletters and solicited proposals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2803.95,2808.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in '90 we required that they had to have some kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2808.95,2813.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of established ongoing relationship in the community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2813.43,2816.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of some sort, whether it be already existing research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2816.31,2819.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were already doing, or that they were connected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2819.75,2822.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with some kind of social service agency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2822.233,2824.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e On follow up with that could you see that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2830.152,2832.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at some time that these ethnographers might be looked at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2832.93,2836.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the same way that perhaps some of the census interviewers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2836.65,2840.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are now and people would hide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2840.57,2843.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the ethnographers information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2843.77,2845.327"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they're hiding from the census interviewers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2845.327,2847.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well it's interesting to me that there was only this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2847.363,2850.182"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mentioned there was one case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2850.182,2852.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of concealment to protect resources in our sample.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2852.25,2856.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know if that's because that's all there really was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2857.24,2860.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or if there are also limits on the ethnographer's ability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2860.34,2864.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to find out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=2864.53,2865.563"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27822/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/822/original/AV204017_Surveying_Minority_Groups_in_the_United_States_a.vtt?1622557101","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/822/original/AV204017_Surveying_Minority_Groups_in_the_United_States_a.vtt?1622557101"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27823","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204017_Surveying_Minority_Groups_in_the_United_States_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27823/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- With distinction from The University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. She has also earned the MA and PhD degrees in sociology also from the university of Michigan. Currently, she is chief of the center for Survey Methods Research at the US Bureau of The Census in Washington, DC. She has numerous publications and in 1984 she co-edited Surveying Subjective Phenomenon. The final report of the panel on surveying subjective phenomenon for the committee on national statistics. Tonight, she will speak to us about implications of behavioral research on causes of census undercount. Dr. Martin.\r\n\r\n- Thank you very much. I'm flattered and honored to be here. I think the title of the talk is a bit misleading because implications is probably premature. I'm going to report to you. I wanna tell you about some research and progress that's going on at The Census Bureau. I hope it will cover the whole interest of the whole audience because it represents an attempt to combine qualitative and quantitative approaches to a problem that has resisted quantitative solutions at least. I'll start off by giving you some background. The problem has to do with census coverage, which you may be familiar with. Now, this slide, which shows trends in net census undercount for different race gender groups, graphically-- Thank you. Graphically illustrates the problem faced by the Census Bureau. With each six sets of census, the Bureau has introduced programs to improve census coverage, and that coverage has increased for each group from 1940 to 1980. But despite these efforts, a pattern of differential undercount has persisted with black men having especially high rates. Critics are already now charging that this historical pattern was repeated and may even be worse in the 1990 census, contributing to inequity and the use of census counts for apportionment, redistricting, and distribution of funds. Now, in this slide, here you can see the very high overall rate of undercount for black men. In this next slide, you can see the very distinctive age patterning if you look just at the bold black line. In 1980, undercount of black males accounted for an estimated 38% of the total census undercount. And as you can see here undercount rates for black men peaked in the adult years with men in their late 30s and early 40s most likely to be missed. Now, the undercount estimates in that bold black line are based on demographic analysis which compares actual census counts with expected counts based on data from previous censuses and data on births, deaths and migration. Another method for estimating undercount is to conduct an independent post enumeration survey and to match census reports, to reports from the survey to estimate numbers and characteristics of people missed in the census. Now, as you can see there from the red line the estimates based on the independent survey were lower overall and did not show the distinctive age pattern observed for the estimates based on demographic analysis. The difference between these two sets of estimates and especially this area here, the area between the curves points to the existence of large numbers of black men who were missed in both the census and the post enumeration survey. Now, roughly the same pattern of differences existed between these two types of estimates in 1970. Which I'm going to show you. The age breaks here are very crude, so you can't really see but you see that same big hump for the demographic analysis assessments. And it also existed in 1960. All three of these are based upon comparison of demographic analysis against the post census independent survey. Now, these figures that I've been showing you point two key facts, which motivate the research I wanna tell you about. The first is the historical pattern of differentially high undercount of black males for the past three censuses. At least we have documentation of that, and it actually probably goes back over 100 years. The second is the difficulty of estimating undercount rates or understanding causes of undercount for this group. Demographic analysis points to the existence of large numbers of black men who are missed in the census but tells us nothing about the causes of the undercount or the characteristics other than age, or the location of these missing men. The PES, the Post Enumeration Survey can't tell us about black men who are missed by both the census and the PES. Now the research I'll be talking about is an analytic inquiry, which seeks to identify and test causal hypotheses of why the undercount and especially of black men, I'll be focusing on occurs. In contrast to both the PES and demographic analysis it does not have a goal of estimating a national undercount rate or estimating undercount rates for any population group or geographic units of the country. Now here, I'm gonna be focusing on some of the research results for blacks in particular. And the reason for that is, first of all there's a lot more research in the size and nature of the younger count is much better documented than for other groups. And the other reason is that it's so important to America. As I mentioned, the undercount of black man accounts for about 40% of the total undercount. However, the research program that I'm describing actually includes research on a number of groups where undercounts are known or suspected including Hispanics, Asians, undocumented, and homeless. Now two leading explanations which were first suggested in the 1960s have been offered at the Census Bureau to explain the high undercount of black men. The first is that men may be missed because their presence in low income households is deliberately concealed. A second is that men may be missed because of their residency patterns and because of different types of households structure in low-income black households. The census attempts to enumerate people at their usual residence and people who had 10 years ties to households or who move often are more likely to be missed in those unstable residences. In addition housing units where black people live are missed at higher rates than housing occupied by whites. This factor contributes to the undercount of the black population as a whole but it does not account for the differentially high unaccounted black men. Now these explanations of concealment and mobility were first advanced in the 1960s and they help account for why many people including black men are apparently missed by both the census and the PES. Nevertheless, the evidence on the causes is very sparse and indirect. And the problem of course is that to the extent these explanations are true that it's difficult to gain direct evidence about people if they deliberately avoid surveys or if their lifestyle leads them to be missed from household based surveys. Now in order to learn more about the causes of undercount the Census Bureau chose methods based on ethnography and participant observation and census small areas studies conducted by researchers who live in and are accepted in a neighborhood may offer us a great deal of information about who's missed in the census and why for that particular small area. In the late '60s the Census Bureau sponsored a pioneering study in a low income black and Hispanic city block in Brooklyn. This study conducted by the Valentines is the first direct evidence that household members were deliberately concealed from the Census Bureau. The ethnographers conducted a census of 33 housing units and submitted the results to the Census Bureau for comparison, with rosters obtained independently by Census Bureau interviewers at the same addresses. For the 25 Nash occupied housing units the results were dramatic. Overall 17% of the population and 61% of the adult man observed living in the sample households were not reported to the Census Bureau interviewers. 15 male household heads were not reported by their legal or commonlaw wives. The Valentines concluded that the female respondents deliberately concealed the men from the government to protect vulnerable sources of income and economically marginal households. When disclosure of the presence of a man could jeopardize household income from public assistance offering participation in legal or illegal or underground economic activities then he was not reported to the Census Bureau. The Valentines found a widely shared perception of officialdom and powerful external agencies in general as exploitive and oppressive in their relationship with the community. And they noted that the minimum of trust required for people to reveal themselves did not exist in that context. Now the findings from that study can't be generalized to any population because of the very small number of cases and the fact that it's not any sort of a sample. But the study convinced many people that deliberate concealment deliberate omission was an important cause of undercount. Now since that first study, the Census Bureau sponsored additional qualitative research to explore the themes of fewer disclosure, economic and social marginality and lifestyle or residency patterns as factors causing undercount. A qualitative study conducted by Hainer, Peter Hainer in 1987 affirmed the importance, his informants placed on consistently presenting an official version of household membership, which matches records of government bureaucracies and which commonly omits men in order to detect household resources. Based on ethnographic work in Philadelphia, Elijah Anderson suggested fear and sense of powerlessness as motives for concealment noting his informant's intimidation by paper and fear of being written up especially by anyone in an official capacity. Phillipe Bourgois finds many black and Puerto Rican people in East Harlem who believe a conspiracy theory, which claims that there exists a conscious and systematic strategy on the part of the federal government and the rich to make living conditions intolerable for the poor and the nonwhite. He predicts that census undercounts will result from ideological resistance to an alienation from mainstream society. And in contrast to the Valentine hypothesis that straightforward protection of resources does not account for undercounts in the inner city. Now motivational barriers to integration are compounded by the complex and fluid structure of many households who don't necessarily fit the Census Bureau's concept of a usual residence. Anthropologists working in black inner city communities describe large loosely structured domestic units with rather flexible living arrangements where they may be spread over several addresses. People may live two or more addresses simultaneously and enter and leave households with some frequency. In such households complete enumeration is difficult to achieve. For many people it's unclear which of several addresses is their usual residence so they may be enumerated more than once or not at all. Others may slip between the cracks because they have no usual residence at the time of the census, the census form instructs respondents to include on their roster anyone staying there on census day who had no usual residence. But we don't know how reliably such people actually are included. Eleanor Gerber, cognitive anthropologists conducted intensive interviews to learn how her low-income respondents decide questions of where someone lives. Her interviews with female informants suggest a different motive for leaving men off of census rosters. Women with leases may prefer to keep the male off the lease as well as other forms of documentation and in a marginal status in order to retain control of the living space. She also found that when life circumstances are complex and ambiguous her respondents used various criteria to determine residency including a person's intentions and agreements, where they kept their belongings, where they got their mail and other considerations that don't have any place in the Census Bureau definition of residency. These calculations may lead people to leave off marginal people who should be included according to the census rules. For example, she divides vignettes based upon actual situations her respondents told her. And she found that most of her informants would not include Mary as described in this vignette. Mary asked her friend, Helen if she could stay with her for a few days, while she looked for a place of her own. It's been five months since then. Mary's suitcases are still packed and are at the front door. Should Helen count Mary as usually living there? Gerber's informants didn't, but the census says you should. Gerber's hypothesis of marginality is supported by analysis by Robert Fay indicating that a marginal relationship within a household predicts inconsistent reporting of a person in the census and an independent survey in the same household. People with marginal relationships to the household, such as boarders were much more likely to be left off either with the census or the survey roster than people who are more central. Some of the race differential and coverage may occur because black households include more people especially males in the categories of relationships which were less consistently included. Now the qualitative exploratory research sponsored by the Census Bureau has suggested several related, but distinct causes of the differential undercount of black men, including protection of household income sources, alienation from and resistance to mainstream society, gender relationships, and different household structures and residency preference for the black population. And number of these factors are themselves direct or indirect consequences of poverty and economic marginality, factors also known to be correlated with undercounts. Now, since this first pioneering study by the Valentines there've been a series of studies to evaluate census coverage of small areas along the lines of the original Valentine's study. These studies have been conducted in conjunction with the test censuses leading up to the 1990 census and they've replicated and extended the methodology of the original study. And I'd like to tell you about how this research has evolved as it's gone along in the course of the 1990 cycle. The first set of studies were those free site study conducted during the 86 tests census of Los Angeles, ethnographic enumerations of three sites were conducted in predominantly Hispanic neighborhoods. The Los Angeles studies improved on the earlier Valentine's study by incorporating more standardized procedures for matching the census against the ethnographer's results and by replicating across multiple sites. The research identified several factors associated with undercount in the 86 test census, including irregular housing and illegal conversions of housing, undocumented status of the residence, Spanish language and marginal relationships within extended family households. A major problem with these studies was that the ethnographers enumerations were conducted several months after the census and mobility into and out of the sample blocks was not explicitly and systematically taken into account. The method was further tested and modified in the 1988 dress rehearsal census with studies implemented in five sites. These projects incorporated three modifications in the methodology. Ethnographers were asked to document census day residence for all persons enumerated in order to account more systematically for mobility. Again, however, the alternative enumerations were done four to six months after the census which limited the ethnographer's knowledge of the out mover households. Second, a field follow-up stage was implemented with the researcher returning to the field with the matched results to investigate, resolve and document reasons for the discrepancies between the two enumerations. The third change was that in one of the 88 sites we tested an overlap with the post enumeration survey where PES interviewers conducted a third independent enumeration of the site. Now in the dress rehearsal census areas of Eastern Washington State, St. Louis City and South Central Missouri sites were purposively selected in areas where coverage problems were expected to occur. At each of five sites the ethnographers selected two whole census blocks about 100 housing units total as a sample site. They conducted their alternative censuses of their two block areas several months after the census and their lists were matched to the census forms for the same blocks. They were asked to document census day residents for all people they observe living on the sample blocks at the time of their enumeration and to record which persons had moved in after census day. After their results were matched to the census, the researchers returned to the field to investigate, resolve and explain any discrepancies between the two enumerations. In the field follow-up the ethnographers sought evidence to confirm or disconfirm the census version of the households. In cases where the ethnographer had reported an entire household was moving in after the census and no contrary evidence about the prior household was available, the household reported on census forms was arbitrarily accepted. This convention gave the benefit of the doubt to the census in the case of out movers about whom there was no information available, except the census. Now a number of people who moved in after census day, nevertheless were matched to census records. This can easily happen if a household doesn't respond to the census and the enumerator comes out during non-response follow-up and enumerates the people who happen to be living there at the time but weren't living there on census day. Now the five sites in the study include, the Coalville Indian reservation, a mixed neighborhood in South St. Louis, which includes Laotian refugees, Whites, Hispanics and Blacks, and inner city black neighborhood in East Central Missouri, a black urban neighborhood in North St. Louis and a Hispanic farm worker community in Eastern Washington State. Of the 10 sample blocks seven were completed and provided usable data. The Hispanic side had to be dropped because the researchers didn't record census day residents and couldn't return to the field to resolve discrepancies. Another block could not be resolved due to the high mobility of its college student population and it was also dropped. Now before I present some results from this dress rehearsal research I should note the limitations of these data. The first being that the seven blocks don't represent a probability sample in any sense and the numbers of cases are quite small. So the results can't be generalized to any population or group. A second limitation of this that this dress rehearsal study represents an intermediate point in our attempt to bridge the gap between qualitative and quantitative research. The data were not collected using any standardized instrument or set of specifications. Explanations of discrepancies were in the form of detailed case-by-case narratives and one case including a complete photographic inventory of all the census missed housing units. Now the diversity of the materials, which then were coded does raise questions about the comparability in some instances. Third the comparisons I'll show you are based primarily on census forms and so they don't reflect census amputations or any changes made during local review or the other stages so in census processing. So for all these reasons the results should be considered illustrative. Okay, now the first-- This presents the results of matching after resolution for all seven blocks, 594 matched persons were identified by both the census and the ethnographers and 286 non-matched persons were identified by one or the other but not both. Now of the nine matches 143 were accepted as correct census enumerations. This category includes both cases in which the ethnographer was able to gather additional information to confirm the original census version in cases in which the census enumeration was accepted as correct because there was no contrary evidence. Since the submissions are individuals listed by the ethnographer as census day residents but missed or enumerated elsewhere in the census, all 85 cases were confirmed as omission by evidence gathered in the followup field work. Census erroneous enumerations include geocoding errors, as well as persons who lived outside the sample blocks, all of these cases were also confirmed. So for these seven blocks, we find a gross census emission rate of 12.5% and an erroneous enumeration rate of 7.3%. These gross error rates are almost certainly under-estimates. The several months lag between the census and the alternative enumeration meant the trail had gone cold for many out movers and the benefit of the doubt often was gifted the census version in such cases. The effects of this design weakness can be seen in this table which presents the census enumeration status of all persons according to their post census day mobility as determined by the ethnographers. Note that about 94% of the persons identified the ethnographers as having moved in or mostly moved out after census day were correctly enumerated by the census compared to 84% of persons who didn't move. Now since we expect and we know that there's better census coverage of non-movers than movers, the high rate, the 94% rate of census coverage for movers is counterintuitive and it is probably an artifact of the way the study is carried out. It reflects the fact that the study as it was done was not well suited to identify residentially mobile persons who are missed or erroneously enumerated in the census. Now more than half the people who are missed or missed because their whole household was missed, most of these most whole household emissions occurred because a housing unit was misclassified by the census as vacant about half were due to that cause or because the address did not appear on the master address list for the block, about a third due to that cause. These housing units were either entirely missing from the address list used by the census or they were miss geocoded to another block. The ethnographic data suggest that many housing unit coverage errors occur because of deviations in address and building types in areas which are dominated by a regular pattern. This factor affected sites in parts of urban St. Louis City, where much of the housing is two flat attached row houses. Units missed or erroneously enumerated in these areas were those that broke the repetitive pattern, either because the two units were reconverted to one housing units or because the flats had been further subdivided. One of the researchers reports that in South St. Louis it's common for older owners of two family flats to live in one unit usually the second floor and leave the other unit empty for security reasons. Since the person owns both units, he or she may give either address as the residence. The researcher found several such households were enumerated twice, once by mail return and again, when the census enumerator came back to call at the non-existent non-responding second unit. Now on the 86 test census in Los Angeles ethnographers found that people were missed because they lived in illegally added or converted units which didn't appear on the census list. Converted garages, back houses not visible from the front and with no mailbox and so on. This type of missed unit wasn't found in the 88 sites, but the missed converted units in Los Angeles share a trait in common with the missed and erroneously enumerated units in North and South St. Louis, which is deviation from the norm set by the examples of addresses and building types in the immediate environment. A false assumption of homogeneity underlies this class of error. For errors of this type to a current persist an assumption of homogeneity had to have been shared by the vendors who prepared the commercial address list which the census purchased by the census takers who check them and by the enumerators who enumerated the false addresses. Census procedures may be vulnerable to relatively minor variations and housing patterns which prompt errors of omission and inclusion. Possibly vendors and census listers both relied too exclusively on addresses to determine the number of housing units. Now 40% of the census omissions occurred within households and these cases, these omissions include both cases of concealment and of ambiguous residents as we had expected. Most census omissions of white persons were due to missed households, 85%. Let me show you in the next slide. This gives you the whole household emissions were race gender groups. Now in contrast, only 60% of black omissions were whole household omissions. In this next slide, I'll show you the within household rate. Note here especially the relatively high rate of within household omission of black men which contrasts with the pattern for other groups. These results are quite consistent with prior research findings. Although the higher total omission rate for whites in this sample is not consistent. Generally whites have better coverage than they do in this sample. However, the white people who are found in these seven blocks are atypical of the white population in general, and that they live in racially mixed areas which the vast majority of the white population does not. Many of these were elderly homeowners, still living in neighborhoods, which other whites had deserted. Now for both black and white residents or the seven sample blocks gender was clearly linked to within household omission as you can see in that slide there. And perhaps more here. Is there's the numbers of black and white omissions for males and females, whole household and within households. And what you can see is that black and white men were slightly more likely to be missed because they were left off of household rosters then because the entire household was missed. They were about equally likely to be left off of mail return questionnaires and enumerator returns. In striking contrast at the situation for the men, black and white women were missed in the census only if an entire household was missed. Only one female in our entire sample was left off a household roster for the black and white men and women. Now as I mentioned the census omissions include both cases of concealment and ambiguous residents. There was several cases of female respondents failing to report and in some instances deliberately concealing the presence of adult men who were their unmarried partners. Concealment appears to explain the case of one woman who filed a mail return under her maiden name and listed three sons as members of the household. The ethnographer reported the woman as living with her two sons and their father. The name given for the third and apparently non-existent son was the father's name. Neighbors referred to the woman by her marriage surname, the woman herself wouldn't discuss her interpretation of the household with the ethnographer but the male householder confirmed the ethnographer's version of the household as unchanged over the previous eight years. Now, in this case, concealment resulted in misinformation, but not in omission the man was reported in the guise of his son. And only one case is apparent that the presence of a man was concealed in order to protect household resources. This is the case of an American Indian woman who omitted her co-resident male partner because he was not enrolled on the reservation, technically he did not have a right to live in a trivial housing project where she lived. This unique case is actually the only known example of a respondent in the 88 sites who may have omitted a person to protect household resources. Now, the few clear cases of concealment of men which turn up in our sample blocks are interesting in that in several instances the woman's unwillingness to report a man was not shared by the man himself. In some cases men more openly acknowledged their residence in households than the women who fail to report them. Instances such as this have turned up in previous ethnographic studies as well. And the original Valentine study the pattern was for women not to report their husbands although the Valentines report no evidence about the men's willingness to report themselves. Hainer reports a dramatic instance of a male whose desire to be acknowledged as husband clashed with his wife's economic need to conceal his presence leading her to throw him out of the household. Eleanor Gerber Hypothesized this, that some women leave male partners off the roster, as well as leases and other documentation in order to keep the men in a somewhat marginal status and keep control of the living space. We're going to investigate the possible effects of gender reporting differences further in our 1990 study. Now, ambiguous residents also turns up as a factor explaining coverage errors. We previously discussed the pattern of a family spread over several neighboring housing units which constitute the living quarters for a household that may rearrange almost daily where people eat, sleep and care for children. This kind of living arrangement characterize some of the households studied in St. Louis and accounted for several cases of double counting of older black women. In both cases, the woman was enumerated by the census as the mother or grandmother in one household and as the principal household at an adjacent unit. Now it's interesting to speculate that the same type of household arrangement may simultaneously lead to overcounts of black women and undercounts of black men in the same sort of extended family households. This would contribute to very skewed sex ratios for the black population to the extent that it happened. And of course the sex ratio is one of the factors that the demographic analysis takes into account to estimate the size of the population that's missed. This is another hypothesis that we're gonna examine further in the 1990 studies. Now based on the experience of the 88 dress rehearsal, pilot studies, we refined and revised the methodology to be used in a full-scale ethnographic evaluation of 1990 census coverage, which has been expanded to 29 sites of about 100 households each. Five groups in which undercounts are known or suspected to be high are represented, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, American Indians and undocumented residents. Using purposive methods sites were selected in three types of settings. Racially or ethnically homogeneous, urban sites, racially heterogeneous urban sites, and racially or ethnically homogeneous rural sites. Now from a Methodological point of view an important finding of the 88 dress rehearsal pilot study was the differential quality of the five sites. One factor was inconsistency in definitions and methods across sites. The 88 researchers were given minimal guidelines and were allowed to experiment some developed strategy and methods, which were subsequently incorporated in the study. But in order to improve the comparability and the quality of the ethnographic data, a training and orientation conference was held for the principal investigators from all the sites to train them on census definitions and geography, procedures for the alternative enumerations and field follow-up and conventions of recording data. A clear limitation of the 88 pilot studies was the long time lag between the census and the alternate enumerations which limited the ability of the ethnographers to identify residentially mobile people who were missed or erroneously enumerated in the census. The 1990 study improves on the 88 study in this regard by requiring that alternative enumerations be conducted or have been conducted during a six week period within three months after census day. However, this gap of up to three months is still very far from ideal. The obvious most desirable procedure would be to conduct the alternative enumerations simultaneously with the census. Now as on the 88 study, the results of the matching will be returned, have been returned to the ethnographer for field followup to investigate and resolve discrepancies. This time however, the ethnographers will document the resolution and reasons for the discrepancies according to a more standard format. The researchers also will collect more behavioral data about individuals, households and the neighborhood, including a core set of comparably defined measures related to mobility, language and literacy barriers, concealment, irregular housing, and household arrangements and resistance. Finally, at four sites, there's a double blind overlap with the PES, which will yield a third income of enumeratin at several 100 households. Currently the field work is almost completed. Only four sites are still conducting their resolution followup and the other sites the final stages of the data collection are being processed. Now the goals of this 1990 study are several, the major goal is to provide direct evidence documenting census coverage errors, and to describe patterns of undercount and overcount and examine possible behavioral causes. This information can inform the design of future census methodology. For example, it seems clear that there needs to be some examination of the residency rules and concepts that are used by the Census Bureau so that they can be adapted to design a census that includes people who don't fit the Census Bureau assumption of a usual residence. The causal factors which are found to account for these coverage errors can also be considered as variables, post stratification variables in modeling undercounts for the post enumeration survey. Although I don't know if that will be done this time around probably in the future. And in fact, the results of the ethnographic study provide an independent source of corroborating evidence, which while it's not based on a probability sample can be and probably will be used to comment on and shed light on the results of the post enumeration survey. As we've seen the PES studies of the previous decennial censuses have failed to account fully for the differential undercount of adult men and especially adult black men. The ethnographic studies may furnish information about the characteristics of persons, which are prone to ineffective treatment by PES. And it probably will be examining within household omissions and especially within household omissions of non movers or the ethnographic results may shed light on the post enumeration survey. The other place where the ethnographic results may be useful in conjunction with PES is that there's very little information existing about the extent of correlation bias between the post enumeration survey and the census. And this won't provide generalizable information but it will provide some information about that because of the overlapping blocks and the PES. Now I might close by just making a sort of more, a couple of comments about how I see the advantages of this type of research and the problems of it. It's clear it seems to me that the tremendous advantage of this kind of research is its sensitivity to cultural diversity and local variations in residency patterns, housing units, addresses, naming conventions, the sort of basic facts about living arrangements that have a very powerful impact on how the census actually works in any given area. The disadvantage is almost the mirror image of that, and that is the difficulty of achieving comparability and perhaps the best word would be discipline the bias of the observer or the potential bias of the observer is very great because typically the ethnographic research, the researcher is the interviewer, the data interpreter, you know, he or she is in the central position of devising the hypothesis collecting the data and interpreting them. And whatever bias exists in that position is hard to control for, I think. The survey researcher, there's a great discipline in having to devise standard procedures that are removed from yourself which are used to filter the data before it gets to you and then to apply the apparatus of inferential statistics to those data, place great limitations on your ability to see what you wanna see in the data. The problem with the survey method is that the bias of the observer can be built-in in hidden ways. And the procedures themselves are based upon assumptions, which may not fit the situation, assumptions that the researcher imports into it and that the data don't tell you where you went wrong. So there's a great sort of contrast and difficulty in trying to bring these two together. I think I'll close there and if you have questions, I'd be glad to answer 'em.\r\n\r\n- Are there any questions?\r\n\r\n- Were there any areas that the studies were and were rejected or unable to collect information?\r\n\r\n- Well, there was as a matter of fact, in South Central Missouri, the researchers who were black were going into an area that was mixed ostensibly and it turned out to be predominantly white and they had a very difficult time getting cooperation in that area, and that happened.\r\n\r\n- Just curious how are you recruiting and training ethnographers?\r\n\r\n- Well, in this study, we did it largely by word of mouth. You know, we knew the areas that were in the census and we began searching for people to work, searching in local universities for people who might be interested in working on this project. In the '90s study was done more systematically where we advertised in sociology and anthropology newsletters and solicited proposals. And in '90 we required that they had to have some kind of established ongoing relationship in the community of some sort, whether it be already existing research they were already doing, or that they were connected with some kind of social service agency.\r\n\r\n- On follow up with that could you see that at some time that these ethnographers might be looked at in the same way that perhaps some of the census interviewers are now and people would hide from the ethnographers information that they're hiding from the census interviewers?\r\n\r\n- Well it's interesting to me that there was only this I mentioned there was one case of concealment to protect resources in our sample. I don't know if that's because that's all there really was or if there are also limits on the ethnographer's ability to find out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000#t=0.0,2870.688"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27823","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116000/transcript/27823/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/823/original/AV204017_Surveying_Minority_Groups_in_the_United_States_a.txt?1622557103","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/823/original/AV204017_Surveying_Minority_Groups_in_the_United_States_a.txt?1622557103"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You mean, black males like me to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=5.636,8.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since you can estimate that black females","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=9.397,11.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are likely to use a sex ratio (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=11.19,13.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I wasn't suggesting that, although that is done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=15.94,20.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is partly what demographic analysis uses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=20.3,23.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's one of the pieces of information that's used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=23.7,26.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the sex ratio.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=26.59,28.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was suggesting that if the types of households where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=30.35,34.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that these households, they're sort of extended","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=36.69,39.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over several addresses, and where there are sort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=39.17,42.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of more fluid living arrangements, if those households,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=42.3,46.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those households may lead to overcounts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=46.32,48.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of black women who may be counted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=48.28,49.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in several different places","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=49.9,51.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the same time that they're leading","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=51.82,53.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to undercounts of black men,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=53.77,55.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then that could really contribute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=55.71,57.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a very skewed sex ratio, if it's true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=57.32,61.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that it's really just a hypothesis still.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=61.96,64.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=71.53,73.065"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=73.065,76.065"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27824/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/824/original/AV204017_Surveying_Minority_Groups_in_the_United_States_b.vtt?1622557105","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/824/original/AV204017_Surveying_Minority_Groups_in_the_United_States_b.vtt?1622557105"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27825","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204017_Surveying_Minority_Groups_in_the_United_States_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27825/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- You mean, black males like me to, since you can estimate that black females are likely to use a sex ratio .\r\n\r\n- No, I wasn't suggesting that, although that is done. That is partly what demographic analysis uses. That's one of the pieces of information that's used is the sex ratio. I was suggesting that if the types of households where that these households, they're sort of extended over several addresses, and where there are sort of more fluid living arrangements, if those households, those households may lead to overcounts of black women who may be counted in several different places at the same time that they're leading to undercounts of black men, then that could really contribute to a very skewed sex ratio, if it's true. And that it's really just a hypothesis still. Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001#t=0.0,80.856"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27825","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43205/file/116001/transcript/27825/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/825/original/AV204017_Surveying_Minority_Groups_in_the_United_States_b.txt?1622557106","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/825/original/AV204017_Surveying_Minority_Groups_in_the_United_States_b.txt?1622557106"}]}]}]}