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the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=146.05,148.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Drug-Free Powerlifting Association.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=148.94,151.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the bylaws of that organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=151.44,154.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was written in that at every contest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=154.05,156.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not just the national championships,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=156.3,158.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but at every contest in which we participated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=158.16,161.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there would have to be some form of mandatory testing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=161.42,164.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I continued to compete in several other ADFPA meets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=166.318,171.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and am proud to say that I was the first person in the ADFPA","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=171.08,174.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to break a world record in competition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=174.69,177.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had retired as a super heavyweight by the way, in 1981,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=178.41,182.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so my last several contests in the ADFPA","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=182.7,185.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were at lighter bodyweights, here at 165,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=185.76,189.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also here all the way down at 148.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=189.02,191.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I should mention, and I mention it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=192.64,195.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it's in the Guinness Book","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=195.36,196.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you look, you'll still find 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do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=200.92,202.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or haven't done to this point,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=202.53,203.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was I did set records in five different bodyweight classes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=203.74,207.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was as heavy as 230, and in 16 months later","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=207.27,211.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stood world records at 148.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=211.05,213.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now to get back though, to the steroid controversy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=213.81,217.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The steroid controversy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=220.18,221.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"presents really unusual problems for feminists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=221.59,225.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially people like me who were very close to it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=225.34,227.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also sort of regard themselves as feminists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=227.71,230.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the traditional feminist argument","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=230.33,233.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that there shouldn't be any controls","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=233.63,235.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"placed on women's lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=235.39,238.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of you may be familiar with Helen Lenskyj's book,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=239.4,242.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has a new book out called \"Out of Bounds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=242.1,244.607"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Women, Sport and Sexuality\",","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=244.607,246.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is being used a lot in sport classes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=246.21,249.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and women's sport history classes around the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=249.23,252.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Lenskyj argues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=252.37,253.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of articulates this whole position","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=255.46,257.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and argues that quote, \"Procedures designed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=257.66,260.357"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"to bring about fair sporting competition among women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=260.357,264.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"only added to the stigmatization of the female athlete.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=264.287,269.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She rejects the idea that the tests,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=269.07,271.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either for steroids or the sorts of femininity screens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=271.66,276.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the IOC and other sporting bodies have done,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=276.35,280.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in other words, where they have sex tests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=280.1,281.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make sure that people really are women;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=281.74,283.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she says that those sorts of testing procedures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=286.61,289.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enforce what she calls compulsory heterosexuality,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=289.74,294.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that they are put there primarily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=294.27,296.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to maintain male dominance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=296.24,298.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=298.4,299.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meaning that since we have a bias in our culture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=299.233,301.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against women who look mannish, who look masculine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=301.75,306.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that these sorts of tests help to ensure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=307.04,309.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that women competitors are of the more feminine sort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=309.65,313.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I will certainly be among the first to argue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=314.44,317.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that neither test, and both tests, of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=317.687,320.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"types of tests that are being done now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=320.7,322.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that while neither of the tests are perfect,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=322.43,325.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that the chromosomal screen in particular","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=325.01,327.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a test that really needs some serious looking at;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=327.74,331.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that to not have such tests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=333.975,336.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is also very unfair to women athletes, in my 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women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=382.75,385.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or who were technically what's termed hermaphrodites,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=385.54,388.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meaning that they had mixed 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me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=426.64,428.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to masquerade as a woman and participate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=428.42,431.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the German track and field teams.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=433.205,435.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a French athlete","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=436.74,439.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who performed under the name of Claire Bressolles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=439.44,442.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was another competitor who competed, excuse me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=443.67,447.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sorry, excuse me, this is Lea Caurla,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=447.32,449.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've got my notes wrong here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=449.34,450.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is Lea Caurla, who won 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Pierre,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=471.65,475.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married, moved to the country, became a farmer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=478.65,481.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so these kinds of people helped to 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women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=506.89,509.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the whole Cold War mentality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=509.72,513.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During the 1950s, there was a lot of concern 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Magazine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=519.79,522.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the the big Russian women who were showing up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=523.7,527.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of the things that we used to hear, of 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1985","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=694.01,699.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Charles Gaines and George Butler released first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=699.01,701.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Pumping Iron II: The Women\", and then followed it 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1981,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=802.54,806.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gael was disqualified for anabolic steroid use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=806.24,810.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another of Bev's close 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woman,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=846.5,848.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the new ideal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=851.24,852.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And interestingly enough, 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out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=858.64,862.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which she also embraced the idea of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=862.7,865.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this being the sort of the end","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=865.78,867.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to which women's bodybuilding is taking us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=867.67,871.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=871.24,872.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Francis's body, though, it needs to be 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determined,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=882.96,884.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although in terms of her associates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=884.32,887.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of underground reports,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=887.23,889.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's certainly reason to believe that she perhaps did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=889.56,892.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She now publicly denies 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toward,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=899.25,901.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when for most of us it would be an ideal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=901.92,904.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which could only be reached","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=904.52,906.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the use of male hormones,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=906.0,907.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seems to me to be wrongheaded for feminists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=907.87,910.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seems to me that feminism should not be about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=910.98,914.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to necessarily emulate men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=914.6,918.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seems to me that feminism ought to be about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=918.28,921.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"becoming as equal as we can be, but still being women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=921.43,926.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The idea that to be a real woman,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=927.48,930.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as Steinem wants to argue, that the majority of young women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=930.24,933.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would have to resort to male hormones,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=933.82,935.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seems to me to be simply a little bit ludicrous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=935.88,940.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But Steinem says in her article that Francis's body,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=940.23,945.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she says it quite extremely, she says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=945.35,947.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enlarges the territory for us all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=947.67,951.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, what I want to leave you tonight is with this idea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=951.02,955.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I think perhaps goes back to Terry's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=955.2,957.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is that there are forces in the world at work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=957.8,961.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are changing the way we as a culture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=963.53,967.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perceive ourselves, not just as athletes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=967.22,970.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also as physical educators; changes which are going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=970.6,974.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make very, very dramatic differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=974.1,976.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the way we deal with athletes in the future,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=976.64,979.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the ways that we deal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=979.72,981.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the whole physical education field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=981.63,986.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a sport historian,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=986.09,987.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is what I'm trying to primarily be these days,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=987.66,991.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm hoping that I have a lot of years left","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=991.05,993.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to see where all this leads us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=993.21,995.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because what I'm hoping is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=995.63,998.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that from all this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=998.52,1000.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and from the tracks that perhaps I've left","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1000.93,1003.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and from the tracks of others,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1003.76,1005.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we'll see women going in directions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1005.41,1008.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are healthy directions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1008.29,1010.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they can achieve their full potential,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1010.15,1013.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but without having to resort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1013.73,1016.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to male sources to do those things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1016.47,1019.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1020.24,1021.875"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd applauds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1021.875,1024.625"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I know we both went a little long,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1034.05,1035.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but if there are questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1035.65,1037.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, perhaps the best thing to do, well, I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1040.47,1044.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll be glad to take questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1044.28,1045.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is everyone going to the reception who wants to go,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1045.89,1048.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or is that only for some people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1048.66,1050.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right, why don't we just, everybody go to the reception","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1050.58,1052.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you have questions, come and ask us at the reception.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1052.86,1055.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm missing my page.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=1060.59,1061.69"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27911/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/911/original/AV203901_Girls_will_be_Girls_a.vtt?1622564719","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/911/original/AV203901_Girls_will_be_Girls_a.vtt?1622564719"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27912","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203901_Girls_will_be_Girls_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052/transcript/27912/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- And because it was so very similar to the sorts of stories that occurred in other sports throughout the 1970s, when the whole issue of testing was first developing. Now, our subcommittee the women's subcommittee of what was then called the United States Powerlifting Federation, was technically under the guise, under the directorship of our national governing body, which was, of course, male dominated. At our women's meeting, there was unanimous concern, almost unanimous concern, and a unanimous request that there be drug testing at our national championships. The international body had outlawed steroids in 1977. And so in 1979, when we had our first organizational meetings, the first major request that we had of our NGB was that they institute some testing which would actually allow us to enforce the rules. There were, of course, a few women there who were opposed to these tests, who were opposed to the idea that there be steroid testing for women's powerlifting. Many of them, we suspected, were women who were steroid users, but that was not obvious grounds for complaint since we couldn't test them and we had no way to prove that is what I'm trying to say. And unfortunately, this group was closely aligned with the male governing body because the constituency of the male governing body was also primarily composed of men who were using steroids. And so for the next several years, we had a very frustrating time. Every year, the Women's National Committee would vote to request drug testing. The request would then go to the national body. The men would turn us down. We then began to request that we be allowed to separate and become autonomous; that they give us, in other words, the control of our own sport. That was also denied. And the concern, of course, was that, and the argument that was always made as the reason for this was, \"Well, if we allow you to test the women, \"then we will have to test the men,\" and it was very clear that they had no intentions of testing the men. And so in 1982, after a very, very bitter struggle, I, and a majority of the women who were at that time involved in the United States Powerlifting Federation, split away and formed a new group which was called the American Drug-Free Powerlifting Association. And in the bylaws of that organization, it was written in that at every contest, not just the national championships, but at every contest in which we participated, that there would have to be some form of mandatory testing. I continued to compete in several other ADFPA meets, and am proud to say that I was the first person in the ADFPA to break a world record in competition. I had retired as a super heavyweight by the way, in 1981, and so my last several contests in the ADFPA were at lighter bodyweights, here at 165, and also here all the way down at 148. I should mention, and I mention it because it's in the Guinness Book and if you look, you'll still find it; but one of the things that I did that other people didn't do, or haven't done to this point, was I did set records in five different bodyweight classes. I was as heavy as 230, and in 16 months later stood world records at 148. Now to get back though, to the steroid controversy. The steroid controversy presents really unusual problems for feminists, especially people like me who were very close to it and also sort of regard themselves as feminists, because the traditional feminist argument is that there shouldn't be any controls placed on women's lives. Some of you may be familiar with Helen Lenskyj's book, has a new book out called \"Out of Bounds, \"Women, Sport and Sexuality\", which is being used a lot in sport classes and women's sport history classes around the country. And Lenskyj argues sort of articulates this whole position and argues that quote, \"Procedures designed \"to bring about fair sporting competition among women \"only added to the stigmatization of the female athlete.\" She rejects the idea that the tests, either for steroids or the sorts of femininity screens that the IOC and other sporting bodies have done, in other words, where they have sex tests to make sure that people really are women; she says that those sorts of testing procedures enforce what she calls compulsory heterosexuality, and that they are put there primarily to maintain male dominance. In other words, meaning that since we have a bias in our culture against women who look mannish, who look masculine, that these sorts of tests help to ensure that women competitors are of the more feminine sort. And I will certainly be among the first to argue that neither test, and both tests, of course, types of tests that are being done now, that while neither of the tests are perfect, and that the chromosomal screen in particular is a test that really needs some serious looking at; that to not have such tests is also very unfair to women athletes, in my opinion. In the early days of international competition, you have to remember, regarding the sex test, and we talk about those in just a second, in the early days of international competition there were actually men who were able to come and compete in women's competitions. In the early days, all that you needed to lift in a women's, not that there were women's, but to like participate in a women's track and field meet or in the women's Olympics events, was simply a letter from your country stating that you were a woman. But then, there were several people who appeared, primarily in the 1950s, who, it turned out, were actually not women at all, who were either males masquerading as women or who were technically what's termed hermaphrodites, meaning that they had mixed sexuality, that they were part male, part female because of either a chromosomal or genital misdevelopment may be the best word I can come up with. This person, for instance, is Dora Ratjen, who was a German who set high jumps mark in 1938 during the Nazi years, who later turned up in Bremen, Germany in 1953 as a waiter named Herman, and who confessed to the fact that during the Nazi years, she had been forced, he had been forced, excuse me, to masquerade as a woman and participate on the German track and field teams. This is a French athlete who performed under the name of Claire Bressolles, who was another competitor who competed, excuse me, I'm sorry, excuse me, this is Lea Caurla, I've got my notes wrong here. This is Lea Caurla, who won medals at the 1946 European Championships in Oslo before doctors decided in the 1950s that Lea was actually technically a man. This next person is Clara Bressolles from France, who competed as a woman, then had a sex change operation, became Pierre, married, moved to the country, became a farmer. And so these kinds of people helped to create, the disclosures about these kinds of people helped to create the climate that caused the International Amateur Athletic Federation, the IOC, and the other sporting governing bodies to decide that there did have to indeed be sex tests. The other thing of course, that contributed to the whole idea that we needed to certification for women was the whole Cold War mentality. During the 1950s, there was a lot of concern about what was being done in the Iron Curtain. This is a very early report out of Life Magazine about the the big Russian women who were showing up. And one of the things that we used to hear, of course, in the early days was that these sorts of women, was it didn't really matter that they were so large and such good athletes, because after all our American girls were so much more attractive. In any case, in 1966 the first sex tests were instituted. And one of the things that the press made a terrific amount out of was the fact that at that first championships where the tests were used, which were the World Championships in Budapest, that there were three prominent Soviet athletes who didn't appear. One was the long jumper Tatyana Shchelkanova, and then of course the famous Press sisters, this is Tamara and her sister Irina Press who was a hurdler. And from then on, whenever people referred to them, they were always, of course derogatorily referred to as the Press brothers. Now, there was one other famous case I might mention here just in light of history, and this of course is Poland's Ewa Klobukowska who was the first woman to actually fail a sex test. And in 1967, when the chromosome screen was used as opposed to the just sort of gynecological exams which were used in 1966, then Klobukowska was also removed. Now, Lenskyj and many other feminists are very resentful, not resentful maybe not be correct word, but are very opposed to these sorts of tests because they want to argue that femininity encompasses a wider range of not only appearance, but also a wider range of definition than using a chromosome screen traditionally has done. And there is some merit in that. What she doesn't take into account, and what many other feminists, I think, don't take into account is the fact that there are a majority of female athletes out there who are not hermaphroditic, who are not masquerading as males, and do, I think, have the right to fair competition. Now, steroids and the masculine bodies that they can produce, and the sort of large bodies which Terry showed you earlier in terms of males, steroids do have the same sorts of masculinizing enlarging capacity when taken in women. And steroids have also been used by women athletes, obviously to enhance athletic performance. And I've been following with real interest the sort of feminist arguments surrounding the whole question of steroid testing. Much of this surfaced in 1984 and 1985 when Charles Gaines and George Butler released first \"Pumping Iron II: The Women\", and then followed it up with the documentary film that came out in 1985. Many of you will remember that the original \"Pumping Iron\" was the film that made Arnold Schwarzenegger really into a star. And this book was widely embraced by feminist scholars and sort of the feminist community because of the fact that what Gaines and Butler did, in other words to find the conflict that would give meat to the book and also to the documentary, was they juxtaposed this woman who Is Rachel McLish, who at that time was the current Miss Olympia, with this woman who is Beverley Francis, who was a powerlifter and obviously very muscular, very strong woman, and decided to bring her to America for a special bodybuilding competition. Because what they wanted to argue was that if women were going to compete in bodybuilding, then they should compete using the same criteria that men used, that they should be allowed to have the same amount of musculature. And in other words, to sort of take it to the max in the same way that the men do. Now, Beverley was a world champion in power lifting, several-time world champion. She did, by the way, at 181 pounds, a bench press of 330 pounds. She trained with this woman, who is Gael Mulhall, who was disqualified at the Commonwealth Games. Gael was also a shot putter, as was Beverley by the way, and at the Commonwealth Games in 1981, Gael was disqualified for anabolic steroid use. Another of Bev's close friends was this woman, Jennifer Wayland, who by the way was one of the women who was in the sort of vocal minority opposing our steroid testing in the USPF. Now, what's important about the \"Pumping Iron\" book and about Bev and about Rachel is the way that the feminist community embraced this idea of Beverley being sort of the champion, because what Gaines and Butler argue in the book is that Beverley Francis, the woman that you saw back here, the very large muscular woman, is the new ideal. And interestingly enough, Steinem, Gloria Steinem of Ms. Magazine, did a big feature when \"Pumping Iron II\" came out, in which she also embraced the idea of this being the sort of the end to which women's bodybuilding is taking us. Now, Francis's body, though, it needs to be understood that whether or not Beverley uses steroids can't really be determined, although in terms of her associates, in terms of underground reports, there's certainly reason to believe that she perhaps did. She now publicly denies that. But to me, holding up this sort of an ideal as being what women should aspire toward, when for most of us it would be an ideal which could only be reached through the use of male hormones, seems to me to be wrongheaded for feminists. It seems to me that feminism should not be about trying to necessarily emulate men. It seems to me that feminism ought to be about becoming as equal as we can be, but still being women. The idea that to be a real woman, as Steinem wants to argue, that the majority of young women would have to resort to male hormones, seems to me to be simply a little bit ludicrous. But Steinem says in her article that Francis's body, and she says it quite extremely, she says, enlarges the territory for us all. So, what I want to leave you tonight is with this idea, which I think perhaps goes back to Terry's, which is that there are forces in the world at work which are changing the way we as a culture perceive ourselves, not just as athletes, but also as physical educators; changes which are going to make very, very dramatic differences in the way we deal with athletes in the future, in the ways that we deal with the whole physical education field. As a sport historian, which is what I'm trying to primarily be these days, I'm hoping that I have a lot of years left to see where all this leads us, because what I'm hoping is that from all this, and from the tracks that perhaps I've left and from the tracks of others, that we'll see women going in directions which are healthy directions, where they can achieve their full potential, but without having to resort to male sources to do those things. Okay, thank you. And I know we both went a little long, but if there are questions.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, perhaps the best thing to do, well, I don't know. We'll be glad to take questions. Is everyone going to the reception who wants to go, or is that only for some people? All right, why don't we just, everybody go to the reception and if you have questions, come and ask us at the reception.\r\n\r\n- I'm missing my page.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43236/file/116052#t=0.0,1066.968"}]}]}]}