{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/gh9b56dv2b/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Rivera, Temario C., The Direction of Social Change in the Philippines"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203770 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["The Direction of Social Change in the Philippines is a September 15, 1988 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Temy Rivera. Temy Rivera discusses social movements and politics in the Philippines.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w91n7xs3r"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1988-09-15"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Rivera, Temario C. (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Social change","Politics and government","Social movements--Political aspects","Socialism"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Philippines (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["The Direction of Social Change in the Philippines is a September 15, 1988 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Temy Rivera. 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For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/313/small/lecture.png?1622659407","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 3 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Good evening, ladies and gentlemen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=14.6,17.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Welcome to this lecture on the direction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=17.1,20.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of social change in the Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=20.47,23.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our guest speaker is Dr, I want to say Artemio,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=23.41,28.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it turns out that his name is an anagram of Artemio,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=28.36,31.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temario Rivera, who is visiting us from Madison","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=31.66,36.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where he is a visiting researcher in political science.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=36.88,40.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He received his training","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=40.32,41.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the University of the Philippines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=41.63,43.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where he is currently assistant professor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=43.23,45.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he has a few other stars in his crown.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=46.3,50.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is a Fulbright exchange scholar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=50.35,52.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the University of Wisconsin, Madison","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=52.86,55.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where he has been since last November doing research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=55.76,59.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is the interim executive director","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=60.47,63.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Philippine Resource Center at Berkeley, California","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=63.25,67.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he's the lead author of a collection of articles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=67.02,71.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"entitled \"Feudalism and Capitalism in the Philippines,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=71.2,74.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was published in 1982","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=74.34,77.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he's written some other articles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=77.08,79.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the political economy of the Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=79.33,82.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Without further ado, so that I don't as Tony threatened","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=82.97,87.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spend three quarters of an hour introducing a speaker,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=87.87,91.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who then has only 15 minutes left to speak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=91.21,94.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I give you Dr. Rivera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=94.42,95.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=97.22,98.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=98.217,101.384"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you Sonya,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=103.93,105.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may I take this opportunity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=112.536,114.058"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to thank the ISU Socialist Collective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=114.058,117.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this opportunity to share with you tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=117.15,120.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of my observations on the history of the struggle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=120.97,125.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for social change in the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=127.16,129.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of course the current developments in the country today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=129.46,133.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly after the ouster of the Marcos dictatorship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=133.25,137.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I prepared actually a formal lecture here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=138.88,143.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but after discussing initially with Tony","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=143.67,147.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the other members of the Filipino community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=147.02,151.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are around and after having been apprised","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=151.1,154.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the the kind of audience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=154.42,157.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will be attending tonight's session,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=157.36,159.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I decided to present a far more focused discussion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=159.92,164.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a less academic presentation for tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=164.937,168.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I noticed that in the title of the lecture series,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=170.65,174.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you wanted me to focus specifically on the direction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=174.79,179.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of social change in the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=179.12,181.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so I would therefore present a lecture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=181.43,186.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a very brief lecture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=187.92,189.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll be more interested also in your comments later","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=189.56,192.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the direction of the current movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=192.84,196.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"movement for a genuine social and political change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=196.04,200.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the country but before I can do that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=200.38,204.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it is also necessary particularly for the benefit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=204.54,208.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of most of you in the audience who may not have had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=208.27,212.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that kind of historical background","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=216.77,220.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a better understanding of the current developments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=220.11,223.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, since this lecture series is being officially hosted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=223.98,228.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the ISU Socialist Collective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=230.85,234.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was also requested to discuss specifically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=234.0,239.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how socialist saw and practice,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=241.14,245.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the world over have affected the struggle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=245.12,250.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for change in the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=250.97,253.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and again, in a very general way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=253.74,255.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would attempt to do that tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=255.87,258.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well you will recall of course that the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=259.95,262.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a colony of Spain for more than 300 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=262.96,267.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from 1521 up to 1898 or thereabouts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=267.03,271.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that when one speaks of the history of struggle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=271.83,275.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the country, in the Philippines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=275.63,277.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a third world country like the Philippines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=277.81,280.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one must I think, necessarily start","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=280.34,282.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a proper understanding of the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=282.66,285.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we were a colony first of the Spanish empire","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=285.19,290.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then finally of course in 1899 or 1898,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=290.18,295.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the US decided to intervene in the aftermath","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=295.63,299.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Spanish-American war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=299.41,301.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the Philippines also became a colony","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=301.29,304.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the US after 1946.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=304.81,307.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In short, given the historical realities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=309.46,314.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a country like the Philippines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=315.01,316.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much of the current struggle taking place right now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=316.863,321.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has to be understood from this historical context.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=322.64,325.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For a long period under Spain, for instance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=326.46,330.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were several hundreds of peasant revolts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=331.49,334.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"peasant uprisings, which took place in the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=334.41,338.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unfortunately, since these were fragmented uprisings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=338.47,343.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against the Spanish empire, they could not succeed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=344.033,348.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they will lead finally to the formation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=348.16,352.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a national anti-colonial revolutionary party","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=352.31,356.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which exploded into the scene as it were sometime in 1896.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=356.45,361.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1898, the Philippine Revolutionary Movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=366.41,371.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"already succeeded in winning political power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=371.75,376.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the Spanish forces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=376.41,378.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, we already established in 1898,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=379.94,384.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first republic in Asia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=385.53,389.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we would have been the first republic in Asia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=389.18,394.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to win a struggle against a colony","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=395.32,398.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had not the US intervened in 1898,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=398.69,402.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the aftermath as I've already mentioned earlier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=402.83,406.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Spanish-American war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=406.05,408.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, I will not bother you with details here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=408.93,411.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but well what happened was President McKinley","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=411.55,416.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ordered the forces of Commodore or Admiral Dewey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=419.29,424.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to engage the Spanish Armada in Manila Bay in the aftermath","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=425.17,430.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the struggle which took place in Cuba.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=433.01,435.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, again I will make a long story short,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=437.06,440.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Filipino forces, revolutionary forces were made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=441.22,446.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to understand that this was only a temporary maneuver","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=447.11,452.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the part of the American forces,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=453.02,456.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who were in fact seen initially as some kind of an ally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=456.56,461.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the struggle against Spain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=461.04,462.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but then of course the US decided","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=462.93,465.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to annex the United States, the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=465.04,469.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and naturally the Filipinos resisted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=469.36,472.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a bloody three year 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land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=555.52,559.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was true under Spain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=562.27,566.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was true under the American colonial 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century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=587.24,590.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly when foreign commercial and trading enterprises","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=590.8,595.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"began to establish branches in Manila","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=600.0,604.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the other major urban centers of the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=604.62,608.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, I would like to specifically 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movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=618.31,621.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the revolutionary struggle in the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=621.25,623.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because much of the political leadership,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=623.3,627.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ideological leadership of the current movement today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=627.69,631.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"draws from the very long history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=631.01,633.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the worker's movement in the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=633.74,637.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, I will not bother you with detail here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=637.33,640.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will simply outline what I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=640.8,644.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the most important features in the development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=644.16,648.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the workers movement in the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=648.08,650.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And just to preface this 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way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=655.43,657.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there can at least be four historical points of references","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=658.91,663.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for understanding socialism, both as a theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=665.61,669.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as a political movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=669.97,671.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One has to do with the fact that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=673.56,678.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1920s in 1929 to be exact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=678.23,681.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was indeed a Socialist party","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=681.25,684.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but unlike Socialist parties, as we really know them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=684.38,687.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the western advanced capitalist countries in the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=687.61,691.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this socialist party was peasant based,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=691.81,695.039"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was a thoroughly peasant-based 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class.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=702.42,705.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So again, you can see here the very complex dynamics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=705.2,708.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taking 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fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=849.19,854.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after, shortly after the outset of the dictatorship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=854.82,859.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's part of the of the left-wing 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socialism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=869.875,872.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in my presentation for tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=872.41,875.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I propose to limit the discussion to the 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socialism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=959.87,962.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a militant labor leader who was in fact imprisoned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=962.23,966.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Spain for his trade union 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peasantry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=1167.41,1169.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now in 1938, a very interesting event took place,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=1169.69,1173.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the local party, Communist party and the Socialist 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affairs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=1504.45,1505.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the context of the struggle against the Japanese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=1506.98,1511.966"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, this was from 1942 to about 1944,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=1511.966,1515.216"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the American forces of course under General MacArthur","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=1518.63,1523.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came back the famous, \"I shall return\" 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aid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=1545.89,1548.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the returning American force,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=1548.38,1552.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the dismantling of the peasant army","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=1552.09,1556.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only forcing its dismantlement but also the arrest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=1556.87,1561.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of many of its leaders and in some 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officials.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=1615.64,1620.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now in 19, sometime in 1946,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=1621.61,1625.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again a very important event took 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struggle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=1632.74,1637.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, trying to see the viability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=1638.241,1642.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the electoral parliamentary 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50s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2077.19,2078.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the student activists as it were served as the bandana","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2078.35,2083.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for initially making these linkages with the workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2083.14,2087.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the peasants activating all organizations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2087.59,2091.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"activating all the old and the better indicators","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2091.98,2096.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and finally, of course, this new generation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2099.22,2103.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of radical intellectual decided in 1968","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2103.16,2108.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to establish in effect a new parking, this was in 1968.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2108.14,2113.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A few months after the establishment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2119.88,2121.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the new park in 1968, an important thing to place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2121.82,2126.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Remember that earlier, I told you about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2127.03,2129.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the few struggling guerrilla units operating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2129.18,2133.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the countryside many of which have already degenerated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2133.22,2138.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into some kind of robbing rebel gangs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2138.17,2140.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without any political direction or leadership.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2140.7,2145.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The new party succeeded in linking up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2146.63,2149.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with this young guerilla commanders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2150.87,2153.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the classic words of one author discussing this event","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2155.84,2159.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the far and you as a party in search of an army","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2161.43,2166.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and an army in search of a party,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2168.5,2170.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this two finally coming together in 1969","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2171.52,2174.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so we had the beginnings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2176.4,2178.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the new people's army in 1969.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2178.32,2181.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well again, we know that in 1972 after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2184.09,2188.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during his second term of office, Marcos,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2190.4,2195.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"President Ferdinand Marcos decided to declare martial rule","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2196.56,2200.275"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1972 and in fact under the old constitution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2200.275,2204.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his term of office would have ended during the second term","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2204.6,2208.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but by declaring the martial he succeeded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2208.14,2211.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in perpetrating himself in office of the 1986","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2211.21,2215.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for period of almost 16 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2215.32,2218.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, let me just outline the most basic developments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2220.95,2225.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the radical movement of course, with the studentry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2228.36,2231.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the initial center for developing the mass movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2231.05,2236.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I spearheaded the long resistance against the dictatorship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2239.06,2243.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and well, we know what happened","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2247.5,2251.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again to make a very long struggle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2251.74,2253.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just to get the telescope many of the best","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2255.68,2257.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that took place under dictatorship,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2257.53,2259.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the long history of popular struggles against the regime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2259.91,2264.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Popular resistance in the countryside","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2266.1,2268.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as in the cities erupted finally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2268.25,2272.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into a massive people's uprising","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2272.84,2275.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of course, also a military mutiny","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2276.19,2279.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against the regime in 1986 which resulted in the ouster","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2279.7,2284.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the dictatorship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2284.53,2285.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, let us focus this time on the more,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2287.36,2291.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the current situation after the ouster of dictatorship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2291.51,2295.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You may recall that the coming into power of Mrs. 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Enrile","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2324.78,2327.827"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is now the senator and the former vice Chief of Staff","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2327.827,2332.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Philippine army General Ramos","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2333.415,2336.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is now the defense minister,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2336.31,2339.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"currently the defense 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persuasions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2391.97,2396.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to come together in a political coalition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2396.25,2400.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, what basically happened since 86,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2401.46,2405.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Mrs. Aquino took over as those of us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2405.63,2408.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have been following up the events would probably 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bill","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2505.79,2510.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is so drastically watered down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2512.58,2516.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that no less than the author of the bill 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communist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2776.24,2780.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and much of the recent killings in the country in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2780.32,2783.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aside from the systematic military operations going on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2783.93,2788.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the country sides have been committed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2788.15,2790.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by these vigilante right-wing death squad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2790.99,2794.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, many of us in the Philippines view this step","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2801.858,2806.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a move that further escalates violence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2806.32,2811.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in fact, but at the same time it also provides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=2811.88,2816.837"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28268/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/268/original/AV203770_The_Direction_of_Social_Change_in_the_Phillipines_a.vtt?1622659409","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/268/original/AV203770_The_Direction_of_Social_Change_in_the_Phillipines_a.vtt?1622659409"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28269","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203770_The_Direction_of_Social_Change_in_the_Phillipines_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313/transcript/28269/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to this lecture on the direction of social change in the Philippines. Our guest speaker is Dr, I want to say Artemio, it turns out that his name is an anagram of Artemio, Temario Rivera, who is visiting us from Madison where he is a visiting researcher in political science. He received his training at the University of the Philippines, where he is currently assistant professor and he has a few other stars in his crown. He is a Fulbright exchange scholar at the University of Wisconsin, Madison where he has been since last November doing research. He is the interim executive director of the Philippine Resource Center at Berkeley, California and he's the lead author of a collection of articles entitled \"Feudalism and Capitalism in the Philippines,\" which was published in 1982 and he's written some other articles on the political economy of the Philippines. Without further ado, so that I don't as Tony threatened spend three quarters of an hour introducing a speaker, who then has only 15 minutes left to speak. I give you Dr. Rivera. Welcome.\r\n\r\n- Thank you Sonya, may I take this opportunity to thank the ISU Socialist Collective for this opportunity to share with you tonight, some of my observations on the history of the struggle for social change in the country and of course the current developments in the country today, particularly after the ouster of the Marcos dictatorship. I prepared actually a formal lecture here but after discussing initially with Tony and the other members of the Filipino community who are around and after having been apprised of the the kind of audience that will be attending tonight's session, I decided to present a far more focused discussion and a less academic presentation for tonight. I noticed that in the title of the lecture series, you wanted me to focus specifically on the direction of social change in the country and so I would therefore present a lecture, a very brief lecture, I'll be more interested also in your comments later on the direction of the current movement, movement for a genuine social and political change in the country but before I can do that, I think it is also necessary particularly for the benefit of most of you in the audience who may not have had that kind of historical background for a better understanding of the current developments. Now, since this lecture series is being officially hosted by the ISU Socialist Collective, I was also requested to discuss specifically how socialist saw and practice, the world over have affected the struggle for change in the Philippines and again, in a very general way, I would attempt to do that tonight. Well you will recall of course that the Philippines was a colony of Spain for more than 300 years, from 1521 up to 1898 or thereabouts. So that when one speaks of the history of struggle in the country, in the Philippines, a third world country like the Philippines, one must I think, necessarily start from a proper understanding of the fact that we were a colony first of the Spanish empire and then finally of course in 1899 or 1898, when the US decided to intervene in the aftermath of the Spanish-American war, when the Philippines also became a colony of the US after 1946. In short, given the historical realities of a country like the Philippines, much of the current struggle taking place right now has to be understood from this historical context. For a long period under Spain, for instance, there were several hundreds of peasant revolts, peasant uprisings, which took place in the country. Unfortunately, since these were fragmented uprisings against the Spanish empire, they could not succeed but they will lead finally to the formation of a national anti-colonial revolutionary party which exploded into the scene as it were sometime in 1896. In 1898, the Philippine Revolutionary Movement already succeeded in winning political power from the Spanish forces. In fact, we already established in 1898, the first republic in Asia and we would have been the first republic in Asia to win a struggle against a colony had not the US intervened in 1898, in the aftermath as I've already mentioned earlier of the Spanish-American war. Again, I will not bother you with details here but well what happened was President McKinley ordered the forces of Commodore or Admiral Dewey to engage the Spanish Armada in Manila Bay in the aftermath of the struggle which took place in Cuba. Now, again I will make a long story short, the Filipino forces, revolutionary forces were made to understand that this was only a temporary maneuver on the part of the American forces, who were in fact seen initially as some kind of an ally in the struggle against Spain but then of course the US decided to annex the United States, the Philippines and naturally the Filipinos resisted in a bloody three year war which left more than half a million filipinos dead in the bloody battles which took place from 1899 to 1901 When the leading general of the Filipino Revolutionary Forces finally surrendered. The Philippines in many senses of the world and of the reality was the first Vietnam, as a matter of fact for the US. Now, much of the current struggle taking place today is deeply entrenched in two significant political movements in the country. One is the peasant movement, the second is the workers movement or the labor movement. The peasant movement for a very simple reason up to now close to 70% of the Filipino population of their labor force are either tenants or agricultural workers in the countryside, and therefore any significant political movement must decisively address the problem of land that was true under Spain. It was true under the American colonial era, it was true under the Marcos dictatorship and it is equally true today under the new government of President Aquino. And secondly of course, we also have a long history of a labor movement, a workers movement which dates back to the turn of the century, particularly when foreign commercial and trading enterprises began to establish branches in Manila and in the other major urban centers of the country. In fact, I would like to specifically stress the contribution of the workers movement in the development of the revolutionary movement and the revolutionary struggle in the country because much of the political leadership, the ideological leadership of the current movement today draws from the very long history of the worker's movement in the country. Again, I will not bother you with detail here, I will simply outline what I think are the most important features in the development of the workers movement in the country. And just to preface this discussion in the context of the Philippines, when one speaks of socialism by the way, there can at least be four historical points of references for understanding socialism, both as a theory and as a political movement. One has to do with the fact that in the 1920s in 1929 to be exact, there was indeed a Socialist party but unlike Socialist parties, as we really know them in the western advanced capitalist countries in the world, this socialist party was peasant based, it was a thoroughly peasant-based party under the leadership of an enlightened lawyer from a very prominent landlord class. So again, you can see here the very complex dynamics taking place. Socialism but yet peasant-based, not workers based and in fact, being led by an intellectual from the landlord class. The Socialist party in 1929, if we are to draw historical parallels would probably be closer to the so-called SRS or the socialist revolutionaries during the time of Czarism, during the Czarism in Russia, during the period of Czarism in Russia, Czarism in Russia and also have very strong anarchist trends especially with the Spanish Vanidades, that is one one historical reference for socialism in the Philippine context but the socialist party which was peasant-based was absorbed in 1938 by the communist party which actually when one speaks of the socialist's traveling in the Philippine context today would best I think be fair to the struggle under the leadership of the of the Communist party, most of the, not only most but historically the political and ideological leadership of the revolutionaries triangle since the 1930s had really been provided by the local Communist Party on the Philippines. Again, we can look into that later. A third point of reference for the concept and the practice of socialism would refer to parties and groups that are coming from the Christian democratic tradition in the attempt to shape a socialist future but making use of a Christian democratic Hughian practice and a fourth point of reference for our understanding of socialism in the Philippine context has to do with a a very recent development actually, a new left wing party which openly calls itself this time, a socialist party but since it's a very new formation, it came up only formally in 1986 as a matter of fact, after, shortly after the outset of the dictatorship. It's part of the of the left-wing movement. These are all important and significant aspects for understanding the concept and practice of socialism but in my presentation for tonight, I propose to limit the discussion to the main and the most significant historical point of reference for the Socialists struggle which is the revolutionaries struggle under the leadership of the local Communist party in the Philippines. So again just to outline very briefly the important developments to help us understand better the current situation, the revolutionary struggle as I already mentioned earlier, of course is deeply rooted in both the peasant and the workers movement in the country. A peasant and a workers movement which are also rooted in the colonial as well as the post-colonial history of the country. The radicalization of the workers movement in the country can actually be dated interestingly, I just found out in my recent researches to as early as the 1900s when the first formal labor union was established in 1902, it was established in fact by Isabelo de los Reyes who is sometimes referred to as the father of Philippines socialism. He was a militant labor leader who was in fact imprisoned in Spain for his trade union activities. He was involved in the, he was involved and he was strongly influenced by the syndicalist and the anarchist movements in Spain during his time and when he came back to the Philippines, he established the first formal union, the first formal union, again interestingly was the almost composed entirely of printers working in, yeah workers in the printing houses establish in Manila and the adjoining areas and I think this is one, again if we are to compare the formative years of the development of the radical movement in the Philippines. One interesting fact stands out and this is the fact that unlike the experiences of many of the radical revolutionary movements in other third world countries and even in the case of the advanced western capitalist countries where it was usually the intellectuals, the intelligentsia from the property classes who were decisive in the formative stages of the movement in the Philippine case, interestingly, the core of the founding personalities and leaders as it were, the radical movement, in fact was drawn from a core of self-educated workers directly involved in the trade union movement in the country. The founder of the local party, communist party for instance was a guy called Crisanto Evangelista who was in fact, a self educated typesetter in one of the printing shops in Manila. The coming in of the radicalized intelligentsia from the property classes would take place at a later stage in the history of the movement, probably in the late, well, the areas that I could date it would be the late 50s when well, we can go into that later but I just wanted to pinpoint what I think is an important factor in understanding the history of the radical movement in the country, the role of the workers movement and particularly the role of the educated and the radicalized workers in the development of the revolutionary struggle. As I already told you side by side with the working class in the Philippines, there existed also for a long time going back to the colonial Spanish times, a very strong peasant movement and in 1929, as I mentioned earlier, there was in fact an attempt, well not only an attempt, there was in fact a party, it was called the Socialist party established in an attempt to articulate the sentiments and the aspirations of the peasantry. Now in 1938, a very interesting event took place, the local party, Communist party and the Socialist party formally merges. Now, this was an important development with far-reaching political implications because it now means that you had a local communist party which was based in the urban centers and the workers. Now you can imagine in the 1930s, the working class was a fairly small sector of the population given the backward economy then. So this formal linkage and merger with the peasant-based Socialist party, provided the movement with well, an enormous political and organizational risks by succeeding in linking itself In fact, with the most numerous exploited and oppressed sector of Philippine society. Oh by the way, I may as well, again just to go a little bit, out of the radical workers movement would finally emerge the Communist party which was formally founded in 1930 by some educated workers like Crisanto Evangelista, a few months after its founding the colonial government reacted swiftly by arresting its officers and in fact, a year later declaring the party an illegal organization. So from about 1932 to 1938, it by force of necessity, it was forced to work underground and it was not until 1938, with the coming threat of the fastest military regimes In the case of Asia, it must be the Japanese threat. This threat provided a political opening by which the government, in fact and other sectors initiated some kind of modus vivendi of coming together for political reasons between opposition parties including the illegalized Communist party. So what the government did was in fact to say, well, we have a common enemy, Japan in the case of Asia, and in the European context it was the fastest Italy and Germany and because of this political opening, the party was allowed to operate once again openly, their leaders who were arrested earlier were freed and well, there was and the merger took place between the party, the sick the communist party and the socialist party but this was a very short-lived experience in open political-legal world. Again, in the context of the US I suppose it's very difficult to visualize the demands of working clandestinely but it's very routine in many of the federal countries like the Philippines, where the the usual liberal parliamentary rights are generally even if they were present in the formal constitution were not generally implemented and respected. So this was a very short-lived experience because in 1941, there was a Japanese invasion and again, just to focus on the most outstanding developments, as far as the radical movement was concerned in the struggle against the Japanese invasion of the country, which started in 1941, the communist party through it's peasant-based succeeded in establishing the most discipline and the most dedicated guerilla resistance struggle against the Japanese. The \"Hukbong Bayan Laban,\" the People's Army Against the Japanese was established and again what happened was, in the course of the struggle against the Japanese, the landlord families naturally fled the countryside and this provided, this left some kind of the political vacuum which enable many of the peasant organizations to literally take over the government and the local administration of may be of the barriers. The barriers would be the smallest political unit in the country. This was a very, I think important experience because for the first time, even if only for a very short period, we had the experience of the popular empowerment where people in this case, peasants, ordinary people were actually running the affairs of their own government day to day affairs, in the context of the struggle against the Japanese. Well, this was from 1942 to about 1944, the American forces of course under General MacArthur came back the famous, \"I shall return\" promise of General MacArthur and unfortunately, the government, which was based on the interests of what we may refer to as the big landlords was in the country with the aid of the returning American force, the dismantling of the peasant army not only forcing its dismantlement but also the arrest of many of its leaders and in some cases, the outright massacre of its peasant supporters in Central Arizona for instance. I'm not trying to briefly follow the ups and downs of the revolutionary struggle in the country as you can see. Now, well in 1946, when the United States decided to grant formal political independence to the Philippines, the government which was part of the arrangement, the political arrangement also began the practice of holding regular electoral parliamentary elections, elections for the presidency, elections for Congress, as well as election for local officials. Now in 19, sometime in 1946, again a very important event took place because the revolutionary party decided to test the limits and explore the possibilities of parliamentary struggle. In other words, trying to see the viability of the electoral parliamentary practice. So what the party did was to initiate the formation of a legal-political party running its own slate of candidates and not surprisingly because they had a very strong peasant-based, they won actually won some seats, if I remember right about the seven or eight congressional seats in Congress. Now, what happened however was the government conveniently fabricated their chance that these members of the opposition presenting the party of the peasants and the workers could not be seated in congress allegedly because of electoral flaws and terrorism but the real reason of course, was the fact that there was spending during that time, a very controversial amendment to the Philippine constitution, the so-called Parity Amendment. This amendment which was subsequently passed by congress after the expulsion of the opposition congresspersons provided American nationals, remember that this was already at a time when the Philippines was supposed to be a formally sovereign and politically independent country but yet this amendment in effect mandating the country to provide equal rights to American nationals to exploit the natural resources of the country. The notorious Parity Amendment approved in 1946 or 1947. Now, there was therefore a very short-lived and a very negative for very weird reasons, very negative experience with parliamentary practice and when the person and the worker base of the radical movement became a continuing target for impression, the radical movement decided sometime in 1949 to launch its armed struggle against the regime, an armed struggle against the regime reactivating it's guerrilla units and launching well obviously against the government but well, you know what happened in spite of the vigorous peasant-base, the US intervene massively providing financial, material, military support to the government and the government succeeded in crossing the radical armed struggle and uprising. By 1951, the armed struggle was basically crossed, the leaders were either under arrest or effectively immobilized and the guerilla military units by the 50s had disintegrated and those that survive really degenerated into nothing more but some kind of robbing rebel gangs be left of any ideological or political guidance by the party which was already in this arrangement of time because of the crossing defeat suffered in the 50s. The 50s in fact, the progressives in the Philippines would refer to the 50s as the middle ages of the movement, the movement was incomplete politically and military retreat and for a long time, almost for the decade of the entire decade of the 50s, they both the peasants and the workers movement were literally in the back bonus of Philippines social and political life. Now, as in many countries of the world, the 60s, the decade of the 60s, however provided a completely, a new experience, again for various reasons in the context of the Philippines. To begin with, there was a an intensifying economic crisis Which revived the mass movement among the peasantry and the workers but more importantly this time, something which was not true of the earlier stages of the movement and new sector of Philippine society began to save this time of the purpose of radicalism and this was the students and the intellectuals based in the university. The 1960s, the early 60s, for instance, this was something with, I could speak with a little more personnel with some kind of personal experience, what basically happened was during emergence and new generation of radical intellectuals based in the universities, particularly in the state university, the University of the Philippines. Now, the leadership, the core of this new generation of radical intellectuals decided to launch what they called a thoroughgoing critique of the weaknesses of the old movement but at the same time, waking and thoroughgoing what they referred to as a rectification campaign, targeting why the old movement failed, what were its weaknesses and hopefully trying to overcome these weaknesses and again we can, I need not go into very complex details here about debates and polemics about the weaknesses and the errors committed by the old leadership but it was found out basically that what was needed was a leadership that could once again effectively link up, recreate, regenerate the mass movement that had been in the doldrums for the entire decade of the 50s. So the student activists as it were served as the bandana for initially making these linkages with the workers and the peasants activating all organizations, activating all the old and the better indicators and finally, of course, this new generation of radical intellectual decided in 1968 to establish in effect a new parking, this was in 1968. A few months after the establishment of the new park in 1968, an important thing to place. Remember that earlier, I told you about the few struggling guerrilla units operating in the countryside many of which have already degenerated into some kind of robbing rebel gangs without any political direction or leadership. The new party succeeded in linking up with this young guerilla commanders, and in the classic words of one author discussing this event the far and you as a party in search of an army and an army in search of a party, this two finally coming together in 1969 and so we had the beginnings of the new people's army in 1969. Well again, we know that in 1972 after during his second term of office, Marcos, President Ferdinand Marcos decided to declare martial rule in 1972 and in fact under the old constitution, his term of office would have ended during the second term but by declaring the martial he succeeded in perpetrating himself in office of the 1986 for period of almost 16 years. Again, let me just outline the most basic developments, the radical movement of course, with the studentry of the initial center for developing the mass movement. I spearheaded the long resistance against the dictatorship and well, we know what happened again to make a very long struggle, just to get the telescope many of the best that took place under dictatorship, the long history of popular struggles against the regime. Popular resistance in the countryside as well as in the cities erupted finally into a massive people's uprising and of course, also a military mutiny against the regime in 1986 which resulted in the ouster of the dictatorship. Now, let us focus this time on the more, on the current situation after the ouster of dictatorship. You may recall that the coming into power of Mrs. Aquino was really the product of several contradictory political forces. On the one hand, there was a faction of the military which withdrew it's support from the dictatorship and decided to support Mrs. Aquino. This was one faction of the military headed, It used to be headed anyway by the old the defense minister of Marcos Mr. Enrile who is now the senator and the former vice Chief of Staff of the Philippine army General Ramos who is now the defense minister, currently the defense minister. So that is one faction of the coalition that supported Mrs. Aquino coming into power. A second important function was made up of big business with of course, linkages with big foreign capital. A third faction was represented by the conservative hierarchy of the church and a fourth faction would be represented by the broad popular peoples-based organizations. Now this is of course, as you can very well, as you can see, it's a very explosive and a very contradictory relationship where you have groups and individuals drawn from various political persuasions trying to come together in a political coalition. Again, what basically happened since 86, when Mrs. Aquino took over as those of us who have been following up the events would probably know was the increasing break up of the coalition until of course, Mrs. Aquino has finally, I think if we are to read the latest developments effectively in effect allied herself with the more conservative faction of this coalition, increasingly what has happened in fact was a situation where the popular-based movement that initially supported Mrs. Aquino began to be dissolution by the indecisiveness of the new government in confronting the fundamental problems of the people. More importantly land reform, what happened with land reformers? We can very well see the land question had been at the forefront of the long struggles in Philippine history. The persons are very well organized up to now in spite of the depression that they have been, that they have been subjected to and they naturally expected the new government to effectively addressed the question of land and for the new government to come out with a decisive land reform or an Agrarian program. Well, through indecisiveness basically of the presidency, congress was allowed to come out very recently in fact, about three months ago with an agrarian reform bill that is so drastically watered down that no less than the author of the bill himself in the lower house decided to withdraw his sponsorship and his signature from the bill because well according to him it got so mad that it looked like it was a landlord, it was in effect a landlord reform bill with it's so many loopholes and up to now, of course, the peasant organizations are opposing and resisting the attempts by the new government to implement what is a drastically a watered down version of the land reform bill. Human rights cases, again just to, again briefly enumerate the more basic problems, I'm enumerating this because just to backdrop a leader, the revolutionary radical movement. In fact, during the initial months of the new government decided to enter into a ceasefire with Mrs. Aquino's government to explore the possibilities of a political solution and political negotiation to the problem. Well, the agenda presented of course was for the ceasefire to haul the government at the very least must effectively address the land question. But as I already mentioned, it failed to do so and not only that, there were in fact, several cases of outright massacres of peasant demonstrators and activists. I wish I could show it tonight, I brought with me a digital cassette tape in fact showing one of the massacres that took place under the new government the so-called Mendiola massacre in 19... January of 87 when peasant demonstrators were openly fired a few meters in fact, just a few meters from the presidential palace. So the government was not obviously giving the right signals to the popular movement and marks of their disenchantment initially had to do with this, the failure to resolve the land question. Secondly, the government after the break down of the cease fire with the new people's army and the national democratic front, the national democratic front being the broad coalition, underground coalition of revolutionary groups and organizations. When the ceasefire broke down, it was a two month ceasefire. The government decided to wage what it called, an all up war against the in sergeants and the revolutionaries and to complicate things, the government together with the church also sanction the formation of what we call in the country today as the vigilante right-wing death squad, these are really in the countryside. What the military did was to arm, provide arms to groups of individuals who are either religious fanatics and of course anti-communists or to the bullies and the puppies in in the violence, provide them with arms and under the excuse that these are spontaneous voluntary people's organizations. Well, you can imagine what happens when you provide arms to religious fanatics and young bullies and puppies in the neighborhood and literally provide them the complete license to go up there, anybody who is suspected as a communist and much of the recent killings in the country in fact, aside from the systematic military operations going on in the country sides have been committed by these vigilante right-wing death squad. Again, many of us in the Philippines view this step as a move that further escalates violence and in fact, but at the same time it also provides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116313#t=0.0,2825.40408"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 3 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And your own political power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=5.48,7.155"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, in other words,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=7.155,8.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is imperative even under the present situation where,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=9.51,13.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the formal parliamentary mechanisms for elections","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=15.09,20.051"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for instance have been restored.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=20.051,21.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in spite of this, it is imperative that we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=21.41,24.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to continue building up and strengthening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=24.93,28.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our popular base of support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=29.75,31.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, just to sum up some of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=43.946,47.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the more recent developments then,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=47.077,49.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is obvious that the government up to now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=49.91,52.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has not succeeded in effectively and decisively addressing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=52.17,57.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we consider,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=57.87,60.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the popular movement considered to be the most pressing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=60.51,63.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the most urgent problems of the day:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=63.53,66.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"land reform, human rights violations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=66.24,70.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even the debt problem and,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=70.08,72.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"continuing a US intervention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=75.35,78.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I almost forgot the classic case, of course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=78.23,81.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the US military bases in the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=81.83,84.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For instance, probably the most dramatic case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=85.567,88.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of continuing outright intervention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=88.243,91.112"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the internal affairs of the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=91.112,93.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, you have here, the contradiction of a 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1946.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=99.5,101.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet continuing to provide a sanctuary for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=101.81,106.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the biggest naval military base outside of the US mainland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=108.2,113.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The naval base at Subic, and of course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=115.15,117.841"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the air force base at Clark.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=117.841,120.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is in fact, an ongoing campaign right now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=122.44,125.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Philippines to do away with the bases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=125.14,127.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the treaty expires.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=127.76,129.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not a treaty after all, it's an executive agreement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=129.14,132.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the agreement expires in 1991.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=132.3,134.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that those of us who are concerned in the US","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=134.92,138.449"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are also supporting this campaign.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=138.449,141.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, those of you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=141.71,142.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who might want to support the campaign,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=142.86,145.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a petition over there and you can sign,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=145.4,148.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sign for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=148.91,149.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So to put things in the proper perspective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=157.01,162.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me just say therefore that what has basically happened","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=163.47,166.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since 1986, when Mrs. Aquino took power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=166.25,170.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a situation where the government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=170.16,175.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through its own indecisiveness and ineffectivity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=175.9,180.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has increasingly, and is in fact increasingly losing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=181.0,185.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what initially constituted as its most important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=186.68,190.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political base of support:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=190.077,192.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the popular and the radical movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=192.96,195.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if this is not immediately redressed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=197.04,200.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can only foresee a situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=201.12,203.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where a further polarization will take place,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=203.36,206.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as in fact, it is now taking place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=206.7,209.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, some would refer to the 1986 uprising","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=212.18,216.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a political revolution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=217.214,219.381"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of us in the country today don't think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=220.555,223.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a genuine revolution took place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=223.78,227.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Apparently what took place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=227.35,229.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was simply a restoration of the old","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=229.43,232.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"electoral parliamentary system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=232.43,234.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a different faction of the elite taking power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=234.98,239.377"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is a very sad, and a very difficult realization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=241.17,245.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that is the situation we are confronted with today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=245.48,248.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'm sure you have a lot of questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=250.32,253.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can only provide a very brief,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=254.22,256.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a very schematic presentation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=256.49,258.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the outlines of the struggle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=258.8,262.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll be more than prepared to respond","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=262.64,267.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to any of your comments or questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=267.14,268.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=268.84,270.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=270.423,272.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=282.16,282.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member murmurs question)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=284.407,288.657"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What may proceed of the future, given the situation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=293.025,297.424"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member murmurs question)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=297.424,301.674"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Scenario's well, it's always interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=302.795,306.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to think of scenarios","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=306.11,308.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although our imaginations can also run wild. (laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=308.667,313.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What are the possibilities?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=315.85,317.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we can probably outline a few possibilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=317.16,320.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not necessarily in the order of their,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=321.72,324.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of their immediacy or their,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=326.88,329.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yeah, of their immediacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=330.86,333.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, as I told you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=333.36,334.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the Aquino government did was to restore","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=336.28,339.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the old electoral system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=339.4,343.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we now have regular elections,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=343.63,345.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"elections for congress, for the local officials,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=345.85,349.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for the presidency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=349.223,350.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did not mention this about again, by the way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=352.93,355.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with this opening, the radical movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=356.78,360.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also responded to it by in fact also,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=360.16,363.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"creating its own political party, the Partido ng Bayan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=363.9,368.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was a coalition of several,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=368.5,370.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we call the cost oriented groups in the Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=371.45,374.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And people's base organizations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=374.0,375.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually put up their own slate of candidates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=375.55,379.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to run for congress and even for the senate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=379.39,382.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What happened was, again they became very convenient targets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=383.22,387.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the death squads and for the military.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=388.67,391.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the last election, which they participated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=391.547,394.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close to a hundred members of the Partido ng Bayan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=394.71,399.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all over the country were gunned down, were killed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=399.157,402.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the cities, as well as in the country side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=403.27,405.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of the outstanding leaders of the legal mass movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=406.41,411.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaders who survived 15, 16 years of dictatorial rule","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=411.48,416.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under Marcos were now suddenly becoming open targets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=416.44,421.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only last 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leader,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=429.22,431.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the young Alejandro, the secretary general","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=431.3,434.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for one of these mass organizations Bayan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=434.173,437.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was openly gunned down last year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=437.22,440.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Back to this scenario,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=442.12,442.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one possibility of course is Mrs. Aquino,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=442.953,445.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who will be able to hold onto power up to 1992,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=445.53,450.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but right now the all political coalition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=454.455,458.297"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that supported her initially","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=459.33,461.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had almost totally broken down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=461.62,464.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The military faction which supported her,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=465.55,468.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, this is a right wing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=469.59,471.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably the most right-wing member","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=471.13,473.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the coalition of course, broke away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=473.04,478.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=479.9,480.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And more 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revolutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=726.63,730.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unfortunately in history have always been bloody events.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=730.41,735.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But as any birthing process is a bloody event,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=737.22,741.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it brings forth some promise of new life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=741.933,746.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and new hope for the society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=746.83,749.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are are not very systematic scenarios,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=751.244,753.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but these are some broad possibilities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=753.727,756.708"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=756.708,757.541"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What is your reading of the results of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=759.75,763.417"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) the new constitution, and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=767.412,771.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) national election","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=771.273,774.061"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the production activities of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=774.061,776.752"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the radical movement?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=776.752,778.752"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, right up during the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=781.682,784.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"declaration of the cease fire,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=784.47,786.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the radical left made a very open expression where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=787.751,792.751"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=793.428,795.845"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we guess both (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=803.698,808.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the area the radical left (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=808.02,813.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the national election, they are both visible,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=813.179,816.754"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member murmurs the question)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=816.754,821.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do you live with this dispersion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=826.384,830.094"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the perception of the people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=830.094,832.699"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=832.699,834.421"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does it imply that they are just,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=834.421,836.968"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"visible (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=836.968,840.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, that's an important question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=840.36,842.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it raises the question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=842.49,846.747"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how do we assess in effect the strength of a,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=846.747,851.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me say, a radical revolutionary movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=851.21,854.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially in the context of a system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=854.17,857.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you have open regular electoral,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=857.41,860.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an open electoral mechanism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=860.49,863.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there's a problem that confronts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=864.34,866.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only the Philippine Revolutionary Movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=866.12,868.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but other countries of the third world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=868.99,872.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you find a very strong radical movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=872.21,875.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at the same time existing within the context","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=875.51,879.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of operating formal electoral mechanisms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=879.88,883.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My interpretation of the problem is this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=884.26,888.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think given the reality in the Philippines today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=888.04,892.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the results of the election can be a fair gauge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=892.12,896.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the strength of the popular movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=896.82,899.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for various reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=899.98,901.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anybody, for instance, who has had some experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=901.88,905.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the way elections are conducted in the Philippines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=905.87,909.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially in the context of a situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=909.35,912.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you have a very politicized military,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=912.5,914.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you have a weak government,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=916.07,917.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"central government, which is unable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=917.81,920.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to exercise control over the military,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=920.14,923.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you have several vigilante right wing death squads","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=923.26,927.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"operating all over the country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=927.31,929.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just to name a few of these conditions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=930.22,934.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is very difficult in other words,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=935.94,938.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to assert that the formal results of any electoral process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=939.67,944.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given those realities, would be a fair representation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=947.4,951.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the genuine sentiments of the people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=952.24,954.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know of several cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=956.01,958.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for instance in areas where the New People's Army","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=958.37,963.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are strongest and acknowledged to be strongest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=963.71,967.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even by the government,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=967.21,968.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the mass base of support, in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=970.156,973.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"openly participated as you pointed 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far,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=982.77,984.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is the rationale for this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=984.35,985.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it's really very 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target.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=990.11,995.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Either of harassment or of outright killings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=998.46,1002.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's one 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people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1015.12,1018.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here comes election time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1019.29,1021.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the local politician provides you with a 100, 200 Pesos,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1021.44,1026.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is enough to give you food for one week or two weeks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1027.2,1030.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have a starving 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president,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1048.573,1050.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e they were given the option,\nYeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1052.706,1055.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e To force the agenda","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1055.177,1057.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was presented by the radical movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1057.017,1059.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was not the best drawn,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1059.797,1062.155"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the agenda that was presented with the conservative,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1062.155,1065.945"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(murmurs) political affiliations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1065.945,1069.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they were given the option to express,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1069.79,1072.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only to express but to make preferences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1072.513,1075.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, that is what I am disputing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1075.79,1077.348"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and saying that the current reality does not 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repression,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1085.69,1090.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether in the immediate or in the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1090.81,1093.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But of course, I'm not saying 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immediately,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1116.74,1119.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you have access to lawyers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1119.52,1121.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in the vast majority of the 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there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1127.81,1130.896"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what I saying.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1130.896,1132.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In fact, in the (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1132.56,1136.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have even a masses (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1137.43,1141.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even in Metro 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(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1149.513,1153.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"visibly co-operating with foreign dictatorship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1155.08,1158.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, but even 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things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1159.671,1161.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1161.157,1163.574"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, two points.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1168.54,1170.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is if you were to ask the radicals themselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1170.02,1172.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would immediately say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1172.89,1174.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but Manila, the big urban centers are not really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1174.41,1177.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the strongest base of support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1177.85,1181.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The New People's Army does not operate in some sections,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1181.92,1186.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they now have their military wings in Manila.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1186.62,1189.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But historically their base of support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1189.977,1194.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has always been in the countryside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1195.98,1197.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's at the same time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1197.94,1199.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these areas which are heavily militarized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1199.49,1201.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are also the areas where the vigilante","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1202.54,1205.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right-wing squads operate with impunity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1206.16,1209.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My point here basically is actually this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1211.782,1215.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is, I think difficult, to say the least,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1215.32,1218.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to categorically assert that the results","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1220.03,1225.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of electoral formal mechanisms for determining","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1225.53,1229.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people's sentiments, could be represented","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1229.04,1232.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as fair manifestations of genuine aspirations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1236.02,1240.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given these realities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1240.71,1241.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's different like in a country like the US,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1244.03,1247.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'd be familiar with the electoral parties here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1247.76,1251.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you don't find the kind of terrorism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1251.79,1253.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or at least open terrorism or even outright bribery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1253.89,1258.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's very revealed, not only in the Philippines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1258.86,1261.541"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in any third world family, as a matter of fact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1261.541,1264.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is the reason why I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1264.52,1266.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we should be very critical in interpreting this result.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1269.04,1274.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have your classic conflict, I think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1275.99,1278.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the existence of formal guarantee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1278.11,1282.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the exercise of political and democratic rights","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1282.83,1285.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like elections, on the one hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1285.6,1288.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and on the other hand the oppressive and the grim reality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1288.38,1292.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of continuing political oppression, militarization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1292.52,1297.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"proliferation of death squads.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1298.29,1300.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So how can you have under this country's atmosphere","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1300.17,1304.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a satisfactory articulation of the sentiments of the people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1304.7,1309.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My point is unless these realities are drastically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1310.0,1314.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"done away with, or at least are dealt with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1316.365,1318.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we should be very careful in interpreting the results","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1320.23,1324.251"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the formal electoral demographic exercises","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1324.251,1327.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as genuine expression of the people's sentiments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1327.9,1331.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1332.49,1333.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member murmurs question)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1334.192,1338.442"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1349.426,1350.476"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member murmurs question)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1350.476,1354.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, yeah, the muslims constitute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1354.57,1358.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close to 10% of the Philippine population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1358.04,1361.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are concentrated mainly in the Southern Philippines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1361.89,1364.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you're familiar with the geography of the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1364.5,1368.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They also have the Muslim Independence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1369.43,1372.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Secessionist Movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1372.54,1375.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Has a long history again, that goes back,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1375.24,1378.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way back to the people on your parents,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1378.8,1380.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the Muslims have always had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1380.71,1383.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an independent culture of their own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1385.41,1388.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A culture, a way of life, that had survived","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1388.153,1392.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spanish colonialism and American colonialism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1392.87,1395.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So up to now, they really have a culture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1395.84,1398.657"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a way of life of their own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1398.657,1401.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the separatist, the secessionist movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1401.16,1404.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which exploded in the '70s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1404.76,1406.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in late '60s and the early '70s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1411.006,1413.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once again, a historical offshoot of a 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itself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1516.67,1518.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but from Muslim countries outside the Philippines;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1518.97,1522.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, and even Libya.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1522.75,1527.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Countries, which are also, in other words","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1530.768,1534.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you are growing some kind of 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intensifies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1561.98,1565.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we might arrive at the situation when the realities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1565.29,1568.124"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this primal view, in fact force these two 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Muslims.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1587.642,1588.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is another case of a very significant minority","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1588.69,1592.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Cordillera in the Northern reserve.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1592.2,1596.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They also exist in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1596.08,1597.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a significant minority movement there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1598.45,1601.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at one time they were also advocating,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1601.07,1605.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of them in fact, still do advocate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1605.68,1608.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for an independent Cordillera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1608.67,1611.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What they call a Cordillera Republic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1611.03,1613.457"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So these are all very complex issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1616.1,1618.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the people's movement has to address.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1618.61,1622.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How we'll deal with the question of national minorities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1622.34,1626.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how to deal with the question of political pluralism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1628.87,1631.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for instance, when you have a situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1632.563,1634.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you have various contending political partners,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1634.69,1638.614"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly in the context of a formal electoral mechanism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1638.614,1643.614"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1647.618,1648.706"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, and then the gentleman over there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1648.706,1652.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e My question is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1652.76,1654.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I like to know how, what is the development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1654.49,1657.462"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or what is the current situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1657.462,1659.122"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will enable movements in the Philippines right now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1659.122,1661.748"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Particularly interested what percent of the total labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1661.748,1666.415"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or working class, serving labor are truly organized?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1668.836,1673.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Uzbekistan that's how we are able to see how strong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1673.693,1676.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the movement is, how organized labor is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1676.62,1679.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I (indistinct) is only about 7%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1681.363,1686.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1686.396,1688.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Dividing them.\nDividing them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1689.907,1692.446"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's the current status of the movements right now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1692.446,1696.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, there are right now three major labor centers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1696.37,1701.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for organizing work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1702.71,1704.692"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is the May 1st, the most progressive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1704.692,1706.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and most militant is the the May 1st Labor Movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1706.97,1709.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the Kilusang Mayo Uno.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1709.46,1711.759"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This labor center claims a membership","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1711.759,1714.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of something like 800,000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1714.78,1717.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other big trade federation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1718.92,1722.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the federation that supported Marcus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1722.46,1725.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what does this group now...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1729.7,1731.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Trade Union Congress of the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1732.832,1735.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"claims a membership of a little over a million,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1735.14,1737.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there is a much smaller labor federation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1738.71,1741.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"represented by the Federation of Free Workers, the FFF,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1742.367,1747.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which historically has been associated with the church,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1748.07,1753.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"specifically with the Jesuits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1753.47,1755.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This claims a membership of something like 200 to 300,000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1755.38,1758.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So all in all, if we go by the claims","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1760.17,1763.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this organized labor federation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1763.12,1765.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you come up with one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1765.3,1767.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little over 2 million organized workers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1767.13,1770.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't have the exact figures at the moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1770.94,1773.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One person pays, this would be of the, let's say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1774.37,1779.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the total manufacturing or industrial working class.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1783.019,1787.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm almost sure that it's not more than 20%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1790.203,1795.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's definitely not more than 20%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1795.49,1797.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the entire industry working,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1797.67,1800.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's very difficult to organize workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1800.67,1803.438"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in not only the Philippines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1803.438,1804.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but again in the third world country, given the realities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1804.947,1809.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the realities I've already (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1809.21,1812.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, to begin with, you are dealing here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1812.41,1815.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a very massive labor force,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1815.79,1819.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many of whom are really counselors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1819.01,1821.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't have, except for those working","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1822.89,1825.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the big factories, multinational subsidiaries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1825.91,1830.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of them are working as counselors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1831.29,1833.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore it's very difficult,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1833.55,1836.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if not impractical to organize them into unions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1836.53,1839.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You never know when they will use their jobs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1839.61,1842.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of them are operating in fly by night type operations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1842.11,1845.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a small shops or subcontracting type operations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1845.67,1850.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So most of the organized workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1851.29,1854.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have really been centered in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1854.62,1856.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most organized sectors of industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1858.28,1860.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the mining work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1860.48,1862.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the workers in the mines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1862.37,1864.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the workers in the export free processing zone,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=1865.04,1870.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the workers in the game and the garment 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struggles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2134.462,2136.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Increasingly if there is something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2137.09,2140.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the experience of other third world countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2140.45,2142.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which probably comes closest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2142.83,2146.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again, we are not drawing exact parallels 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exist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2154.67,2155.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, but one case I think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2155.503,2158.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a very instructive case in this 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clergy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2164.67,2166.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also played a very important role.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2166.5,2168.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, right now, right within the cabinet,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2168.34,2172.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have Jesuits, in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2172.21,2175.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"occupying very important positions in the government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2175.26,2178.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that could be another scenario.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2178.62,2182.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd like to know what you think of...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2183.55,2185.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is the Philippine perception of the upcoming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2185.823,2189.056"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American presidential election?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2189.056,2191.341"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Filipinos receiving great difference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2191.341,2193.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between two parties?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2193.263,2195.225"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2195.225,2197.642"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"President Marcos, the defender of democracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2202.59,2205.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2205.32,2206.998"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e But one party or the other will loose in the whole USA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2206.998,2211.998"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In Madison, Wisconsin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2215.63,2216.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I once saw a very interesting button,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2216.93,2219.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which says \"Bush and Marcus 88\".","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2219.48,2222.065"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people 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Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2229.63,2232.984"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and toasted Mr. Marcos","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2232.984,2234.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the defender of democracy or something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2234.72,2238.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, anyway, to your question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2238.21,2239.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, again it depends on what 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mainly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2244.66,2246.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the peoples-based organizations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2246.1,2249.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think they are also familiar with the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2249.96,2254.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in terms of very key questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2254.59,2259.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dealing with foreign policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2261.29,2263.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a relatively, a high degree of consensus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2263.49,2267.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the Democratic and Republican parties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2270.12,2274.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, there could be outstanding exemptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2274.16,2277.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the case of the contrast,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2277.13,2280.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dukakis has come out against","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2280.27,2284.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"continuing aid for the contras.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2284.81,2286.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in terms of the Philippines, what I believe is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2286.49,2290.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would have the most immediate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2290.27,2292.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most urgent, and the most relevant impact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2292.35,2294.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, one of course, again has to 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Dukakis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2299.79,2302.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would entertain any serious idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2302.84,2305.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of doing away with the bases once it expires in 1991.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2305.25,2309.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in that regard, there would be no significant difference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2310.47,2315.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the Republican and Democratic for me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2316.29,2318.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Historically, I think even in terms of the support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2319.87,2324.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the current 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party.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2329.53,2334.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, the so-called Mini-Marshall plan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2334.58,2337.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you will remember, it is a project","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2337.37,2339.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to provide something like 10 billion US dollars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2339.74,2343.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as economic aid to the Philippines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2343.04,2345.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in fact hosted by interestingly people like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2345.43,2350.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the democratic side","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2351.814,2352.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and on the Republican side, extreme rightly elements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2354.059,2358.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like Ken, and...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2358.11,2358.987"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who is this other guy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2361.168,2362.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's another very conservative Republican","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2362.89,2365.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was also one of the sponsors of this bill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2365.73,2369.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I forgot his name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2369.78,2372.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Lugar.\nLugar, yeah Lugar was one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2372.407,2374.967"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but no, there's another more conservative Republican","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2374.967,2378.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2378.177,2380.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2384.745,2385.578"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which brings us back to your observation earlier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2388.92,2391.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Probably if a referendum on the bases we're heard right now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2394.25,2398.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you would be surprised that majority, again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2398.64,2401.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this unfortunate reality which we have to confirm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2401.17,2405.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Probably majority of the Filipinos would retain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2405.03,2408.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"favoring the bases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2408.51,2409.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why is this so?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2410.5,2411.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well again, if we understand this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2411.4,2413.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the historical colonial context of the Philippines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2413.993,2418.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is precisely one of the realities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2419.79,2421.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have this struggle against.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2421.85,2423.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fact that among many Filipinos today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2423.96,2428.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the reality of a deeply shape,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2431.87,2435.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we would call a colonial consciousness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2436.26,2438.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the colonial consciousness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2439.99,2441.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shaped by the colonial experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2441.54,2443.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is so strong that you cannot,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2443.28,2445.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you have to systematically confront it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2445.99,2449.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not just wish it away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2449.53,2451.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That would demand a long process of education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2453.34,2457.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at the same time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2457.61,2459.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"confronting the issue in our day to day realities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2459.58,2462.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For instance in the case of the bases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2463.442,2465.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a very contentious issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2465.75,2467.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because about 10 to 20,000 Filipinos","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2467.13,2471.587"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"directly and indirectly benefit economically from it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2473.14,2476.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which includes by the way, more than what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2477.61,2481.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"More than 10,000 prostitutes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2482.64,2484.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are nurtured by the existence of the bases alone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2484.68,2488.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hospitality girls, if you want to use a more...(laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2488.5,2492.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, but we have to call a spade a spade, unfortunately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2492.89,2496.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these are the issues that we have to confront with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2497.902,2500.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to confront.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2500.91,2501.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm saying, for instance that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2501.88,2503.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what has been lost out in the current negotiations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2503.43,2507.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the bases because the government is simply open","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2507.16,2509.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a higher rental payment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2510.75,2512.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The government says, if you want to retain the bases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2513.76,2516.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you have to pay $1.2 billion a year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2516.74,2521.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The US government says no way, we can only give you...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2521.12,2525.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The latest bargain was $512 million annually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2525.98,2530.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So even if that is approved you can imagine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2532.03,2534.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that $512 million from American taxpayers money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2534.65,2538.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being to use to support one of the forward bases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2538.8,2543.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of aggression of US foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2543.3,2546.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even the US concedes that the basis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2547.57,2550.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are there primarily in fact, to protect and advance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2550.52,2554.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the strategic American interests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2554.27,2556.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The bases do not have anything to do at all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2556.64,2559.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the protection of Philippine interests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2559.99,2562.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, and then this gentleman over here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2565.63,2567.488"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member murmurs question)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2567.488,2571.738"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e On the other hand, there is no way in hell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2586.212,2588.164"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the American government will allow this to happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2588.164,2591.505"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in a way this all seems very unlikely (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2591.505,2596.505"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, again, if we go by historical parallels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2609.38,2613.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and historical examples,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2613.14,2614.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unfortunately there have been alternatives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2614.65,2617.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But so far the alternatives have been shaped","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2617.65,2622.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and arrived through the sacrifice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2623.04,2627.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a lot of lives and a lot of blood, unfortunately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2627.07,2631.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We wish we could avoid that, but increasingly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2631.37,2634.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I already mentioned, it seems like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2634.77,2637.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a polarization along these lines cannot be avoided","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2637.65,2642.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given the situation now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2642.0,2644.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again in that context,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2644.24,2649.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that it is very important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2649.17,2651.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that within the US itself a broad movement of support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2651.77,2656.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the struggle being waived by the Filipino people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2658.72,2661.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should be created.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2661.1,2662.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the parallel that I can think of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2663.25,2665.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this regard would be the struggle against Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2665.13,2668.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I think, the internal resistance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2668.32,2671.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provided by the American people against the continuation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2671.63,2673.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Vietnam war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2673.76,2675.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have proved at a certain stage of the struggle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2676.95,2679.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have been a very important,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2679.7,2682.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if not a decisive intervention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2682.6,2685.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the way the war has being erased.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2685.88,2689.106"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member murmurs question)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2689.106,2691.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we already have a war in varying degrees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2691.29,2696.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taking place there right now, unfortunately, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2696.15,2698.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very difficult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2699.77,2701.062"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member murmurs question)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2701.062,2702.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's right, I also agree with you in that regard,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2702.93,2706.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given the Vietnam experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2707.03,2708.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So yeah, but I'm not very pessimistic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2708.53,2713.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about that because even right now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2713.9,2716.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a very limited way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2716.72,2718.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have already established, succeeded in establishing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2718.73,2723.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in various areas of the US small groups of support networks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2723.92,2728.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which hopefully could be expanded,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2730.64,2733.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at the second stage of the struggle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2733.36,2735.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could prove to be a decisive factor in shaping US policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2735.73,2740.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vis-a-vis the Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2744.14,2745.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2747.589,2748.422"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2750.766,2752.365"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2752.365,2753.365"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member speaks indistinctly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=2754.202,2758.702"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28270/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/270/original/AV203770_The_Direction_of_Social_Change_in_the_Phillipines_b.vtt?1622659413","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/270/original/AV203770_The_Direction_of_Social_Change_in_the_Phillipines_b.vtt?1622659413"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28271","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203770_The_Direction_of_Social_Change_in_the_Phillipines_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314/transcript/28271/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- And your own political power. In fact, in other words, it is imperative even under the present situation where, the formal parliamentary mechanisms for elections for instance have been restored. But in spite of this, it is imperative that we have to continue building up and strengthening our popular base of support. Well, just to sum up some of the more recent developments then, it is obvious that the government up to now has not succeeded in effectively and decisively addressing what we consider, what the popular movement considered to be the most pressing and the most urgent problems of the day: land reform, human rights violations, even the debt problem and, continuing a US intervention. I almost forgot the classic case, of course of the US military bases in the country. For instance, probably the most dramatic case of continuing outright intervention in the internal affairs of the country. Again, you have here, the contradiction of a country which was supposed to be independent as far back as 1946. And yet continuing to provide a sanctuary for the biggest naval military base outside of the US mainland. The naval base at Subic, and of course the air force base at Clark. There is in fact, an ongoing campaign right now in the Philippines to do away with the bases when the treaty expires. It's not a treaty after all, it's an executive agreement. When the agreement expires in 1991. And that those of us who are concerned in the US are also supporting this campaign. In fact, those of you who might want to support the campaign, there is a petition over there and you can sign, sign for it. So to put things in the proper perspective, let me just say therefore that what has basically happened since 1986, when Mrs. Aquino took power, was a situation where the government through its own indecisiveness and ineffectivity has increasingly, and is in fact increasingly losing what initially constituted as its most important political base of support: the popular and the radical movement. And if this is not immediately redressed, I can only foresee a situation where a further polarization will take place, as in fact, it is now taking place. Well, some would refer to the 1986 uprising as a political revolution. Many of us in the country today don't think that a genuine revolution took place. Apparently what took place was simply a restoration of the old electoral parliamentary system and a different faction of the elite taking power. It is a very sad, and a very difficult realization but that is the situation we are confronted with today. So I'm sure you have a lot of questions. I can only provide a very brief, and a very schematic presentation of the outlines of the struggle. I'll be more than prepared to respond to any of your comments or questions. Thank you very much. Yes sir.\r\n\r\n- What may proceed of the future, given the situation?\r\n\r\n- Scenario's well, it's always interesting to think of scenarios although our imaginations can also run wild. What are the possibilities? Well, we can probably outline a few possibilities not necessarily in the order of their, of their immediacy or their, yeah, of their immediacy. Well, as I told you, what the Aquino government did was to restore the old electoral system where we now have regular elections, elections for congress, for the local officials, and for the presidency. I did not mention this about again, by the way, with this opening, the radical movement also responded to it by in fact also, creating its own political party, the Partido ng Bayan, which was a coalition of several, what we call the cost oriented groups in the Philippines. And people's base organizations, actually put up their own slate of candidates to run for congress and even for the senate. What happened was, again they became very convenient targets for the death squads and for the military. In the last election, which they participated, close to a hundred members of the Partido ng Bayan all over the country were gunned down, were killed. In the cities, as well as in the country side. Many of the outstanding leaders of the legal mass movement, leaders who survived 15, 16 years of dictatorial rule under Marcos were now suddenly becoming open targets. Only last year we were discussing the case of a Filipino, outstanding Filipino student leader, the young Alejandro, the secretary general for one of these mass organizations Bayan, who was openly gunned down last year. Back to this scenario, one possibility of course is Mrs. Aquino, who will be able to hold onto power up to 1992, but right now the all political coalition that supported her initially had almost totally broken down. The military faction which supported her, well, this is a right wing, probably the most right-wing member of the coalition of course, broke away. The... And more importantly, from our point of view, of course, the people's based organizations, which also provided her support initially, had withdrawn in varying degrees. The most disenchanted of course, being the more politicized elements after their two years experience with the regime, and realizing that no significant changes seem to be in the open, have been decided to work independently outside of the regime and building up their own mass base of support. Well the underground revolutionary forces, after the breakdown of the ceasefire, the new People's Army, for instance, of course the oldest, continued their arms struggle against the government. So that's one scenario in 1992 in spite of all this coup d'etat attempts, there have been six or seven, by the way, coup attempts since 1986. In spite of all this it's, and again, a very important factor as, the US support for the Aquino government. Up to now of course, the US government has come out strongly and openly for Mrs. Aquino. And it looks like that would prove initially anyway to be a very important base of support for the moment. That's one of the possible scenario, a second scenario will have to do with the politicization taking place in the military. In other words, after the sixth, the seventh coup attempts, the eighth coup attempt might succeed finally. Remember that the leader, the leader of the coup, the leader of the military faction, which led the bloodiest coup attempt in August, the last and the bloodiest coup attempt in August 1986 has escaped from prison and still unaccounted for up to now. And he has a potentially very strong group of military officers behind him because he draws his support from the graduates of the Elite Military Academy. This is the equivalent of West Point in the US, and he grows his support from these rank of officers. So that's one possibility, a coup against the government. A third possibility would be the recent attempt. I'm trying to relate it right now with the most recent development whereby the political opposition is calling in fact for Mrs. Aquino's resignation. Again, this could be a far-fetched possibility, in fact Mrs. Aquino herself has said that there's no way she would even contemplate doing that. And a fourth possibility has to do with the government's relations with the revolutionary movement. As you know, the revolutionary movement both in the countryside and urban centers is strengthening its own political base among the peasantry and the workers. They and the disenchanted middle class. And so with that, that's an another scenario. The increasing polarization conceivably could explode into perhaps, a genuine revolution. Unfortunately bloody, but well, revolutions unfortunately in history have always been bloody events. But as any birthing process is a bloody event, because it brings forth some promise of new life and new hope for the society. These are are not very systematic scenarios, but these are some broad possibilities. Yes, sir.\r\n\r\n- What is your reading of the results of the the new constitution, and the national election in terms of the production activities of people of the radical movement? For example, right up during the declaration of the cease fire, the radical left made a very open expression where we guess both over the area the radical left during the national election, they are both visible, How do you live with this dispersion in terms of the perception of the people, of the does it imply that they are just, visible\r\n\r\n- Okay, that's an important question because it raises the question of how do we assess in effect the strength of a, let me say, a radical revolutionary movement, especially in the context of a system where you have open regular electoral, an open electoral mechanism. I think there's a problem that confronts not only the Philippine Revolutionary Movement, but other countries of the third world, where you find a very strong radical movement and at the same time existing within the context of operating formal electoral mechanisms. My interpretation of the problem is this, I don't think given the reality in the Philippines today, that the results of the election can be a fair gauge of the strength of the popular movement for various reasons. Anybody, for instance, who has had some experience with the way elections are conducted in the Philippines, especially in the context of a situation where you have a very politicized military, where you have a weak government, central government, which is unable to exercise control over the military, where you have several vigilante right wing death squads operating all over the country, just to name a few of these conditions. It is very difficult in other words, to assert that the formal results of any electoral process given those realities, would be a fair representation of the genuine sentiments of the people. We know of several cases, for instance in areas where the New People's Army are strongest and acknowledged to be strongest even by the government, the mass base of support, in fact, openly participated as you pointed out, in both the plebiscite as well as in the elections that have taken so far, what is the rationale for this? Well, it's really very simple. It's a matter of life and death. One, if you don't participate, you easily become the target. Either of harassment or of outright killings. That's one possibility. The second possibility is, well not only possibility, is the realities I'm talking about. A second reality has to do with the fact that here you have very poor people. Here comes election time, the local politician provides you with a 100, 200 Pesos, which is enough to give you food for one week or two weeks. You have a starving family. You don't believe in the government, but nevertheless you vote. These are the contradictions in other words, given those kinds of realities.\r\n\r\n- But, it was not only the but the president, they were given the option,\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- To force the agenda that was presented by the radical movement, which was not the best drawn, and the agenda that was presented with the conservative, political affiliations, and they were given the option to express, not only to express but to make preferences.\r\n\r\n- Well, that is what I am disputing, and saying that the current reality does not provide the proper atmosphere where people can genuinely express the sentiments without fear of reprisal or repression, whether in the immediate or in the future. But of course, I'm not saying that this takes place everywhere. There could be exceptions, like probably in the big urban centers where people have access, for instance, to a mass media, the press where a repression can be can be monitored more immediately, where you have access to lawyers, but in the vast majority of the country, in the countryside for instance, those realities, those situations, are not simply there. That's what I saying.\r\n\r\n- In fact, in the you have even a masses even in Metro Manila. This of the radical left, most of the survey said why are you visibly co-operating with foreign dictatorship.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, but even the-\r\n\r\n- in terms of how we do things\r\n\r\n- Well, two points. One is if you were to ask the radicals themselves, they would immediately say, but Manila, the big urban centers are not really the strongest base of support. The New People's Army does not operate in some sections, they now have their military wings in Manila. But historically their base of support has always been in the countryside. And it's at the same time, these areas which are heavily militarized. These are also the areas where the vigilante right-wing squads operate with impunity. My point here basically is actually this, it is, I think difficult, to say the least, to categorically assert that the results of electoral formal mechanisms for determining the people's sentiments, could be represented as fair manifestations of genuine aspirations given these realities. It's different like in a country like the US, you'd be familiar with the electoral parties here, you don't find the kind of terrorism or at least open terrorism or even outright bribery that's very revealed, not only in the Philippines, but in any third world family, as a matter of fact. And that is the reason why I think we should be very critical in interpreting this result. You have your classic conflict, I think, between the existence of formal guarantee for the exercise of political and democratic rights like elections, on the one hand, and on the other hand the oppressive and the grim reality of continuing political oppression, militarization, proliferation of death squads. So how can you have under this country's atmosphere a satisfactory articulation of the sentiments of the people? My point is unless these realities are drastically done away with, or at least are dealt with, we should be very careful in interpreting the results of the formal electoral demographic exercises as genuine expression of the people's sentiments. Yes. I see. Well, yeah, the muslims constitute close to 10% of the Philippine population. They are concentrated mainly in the Southern Philippines, if you're familiar with the geography of the country. They also have the Muslim Independence or Secessionist Movement. Has a long history again, that goes back, way back to the people on your parents, because the Muslims have always had an independent culture of their own. A culture, a way of life, that had survived Spanish colonialism and American colonialism. So up to now, they really have a culture and a way of life of their own. Now, the separatist, the secessionist movement which exploded in the '70s, in late '60s and the early '70s. Once again, a historical offshoot of a situation where the central national government had in effect, always treated the Muslims as second class citizens. And this was a reaction to the situation. The Muslims finally said, well there is no way we could be effectively integrated into the national community. You've always treated us as a second class citizens, then we might as well form our own state, our own Muslim state. Now you said, what are its linkages with a socialist struggle, the book, for instance the New People's Army or the National Democratic Front. Historically again, there's up to now in fact, there is no official link case, in the sense of an organization of a clear organizational agreement let's say, between the leadership, but the realities of the struggle in the Mindenal area, in the Southern Philippine area, especially among the guerilla commanders operating in the country sides, have made it such that there have been several instances and several reports of working relations taking place at the local level, even while this is not officially sanctioned by the leadership. Well, you realize of course, the difficulties, the Muslim movement has traditionally drawn its support, not only from the Muslim population itself, but from Muslim countries outside the Philippines; like Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, and even Libya. Countries, which are also, in other words if you are growing some kind of support from these countries, it would be not only difficult but also self-defeating to link yourself with a movement that is openly socialist or communist. So these are this, this is incurring some difficulties but interestingly, as I tried to find more and more, as the polarization takes place again, of the revolutionary arms struggle intensifies, we might arrive at the situation when the realities of this primal view, in fact force these two camps if not to come together in a more formal way, at least enter into a more long-term kind of working coalition. You mentioned the Muslims. There is another case of a very significant minority in the Cordillera in the Northern reserve. They also exist in fact, a significant minority movement there. And at one time they were also advocating, some of them in fact, still do advocate for an independent Cordillera. What they call a Cordillera Republic. So these are all very complex issues that the people's movement has to address. How we'll deal with the question of national minorities, how to deal with the question of political pluralism, for instance, when you have a situation where you have various contending political partners, particularly in the context of a formal electoral mechanism. Yes. Yes, and then the gentleman over there.\r\n\r\n- My question is, I like to know how, what is the development or what is the current situation that will enable movements in the Philippines right now? Particularly interested what percent of the total labor, or working class, serving labor are truly organized? In Uzbekistan that's how we are able to see how strong the movement is, how organized labor is. When I is only about 7%\r\n\r\n- Dividing them.\r\n\r\n- Dividing them. What's the current status of the movements right now?\r\n\r\n- Well, there are right now three major labor centers for organizing work. There is the May 1st, the most progressive, and most militant is the the May 1st Labor Movement, or the Kilusang Mayo Uno. This labor center claims a membership of something like 800,000. The other big trade federation, the federation that supported Marcus, what does this group now... The Trade Union Congress of the Philippines claims a membership of a little over a million, and there is a much smaller labor federation represented by the Federation of Free Workers, the FFF, which historically has been associated with the church, specifically with the Jesuits. This claims a membership of something like 200 to 300,000. So all in all, if we go by the claims of this organized labor federation, you come up with one, a little over 2 million organized workers. I don't have the exact figures at the moment. One person pays, this would be of the, let's say, of the total manufacturing or industrial working class. I'm almost sure that it's not more than 20%. It's definitely not more than 20% of the entire industry working, it's very difficult to organize workers in not only the Philippines, but again in the third world country, given the realities, some of the realities I've already Well, to begin with, you are dealing here with a very massive labor force, many of whom are really counselors. They don't have, except for those working in the big factories, multinational subsidiaries. Many of them are working as counselors, and therefore it's very difficult, if not impractical to organize them into unions. You never know when they will use their jobs. Many of them are operating in fly by night type operations of a small shops or subcontracting type operations. So most of the organized workers have really been centered in the most organized sectors of industry like the mining work, the workers in the mines, the workers in the export free processing zone, the workers in the game and the garment industry, and some... What else? And the agricultural workers, of course. Those working in, let us say the plantations, particularly in the export crop plantations. So there are... It's a very difficult process taking place right now, but as I've been trying to impress before the audience, why it may be true that in terms of numbers the organized labor force may really not constitute an overwhelming majority of the total labor force. What is today's trend however, is a long history of committed organizing work, particularly that which has to do of course, with the radical tradition of organizing the working class. And not only that, they have also been the, probably next to the peasantry, the most oppressed and the most targeted sector in terms of the oppression and depression being committed by the military and the death squads, the vigilante groups. I'm sorry, the gentleman over there and then you.\r\n\r\n- Christianity, what's the factor now?\r\n\r\n- Oh, I'm glad you pointed that out, because I missed that very important component of the radical movement in the Philippines. Because actually under the dictatorship, under the dictatorship of Mr. Marcos, one of the most interesting developments in fact had to do with the radicalization of the church. See, in the Philippines, the church had always been historically a very conservative institution. Under the Spain, under the American colonial regime, and even during the most recent times. The church for instance, owns vast tracts of land. It has been doing investments in big banks in the country, plus the entire tradition of conservatism associated with it. But many of the members of the clergy who had been working in the grass roots, these are the members of the clergy, priests and nuns who really know the day-to-day struggles of the persons and the poor in the country sides, many of them were radicalized too particularly during the period of the dictatorship. In fact, we have an equivalent of the Theology of Liberation Movement and Philosophy, that also was nurtured by the experiences of the radicalized clergy in the Philippines. And in the 19... In the late '60s there emerged in fact a radical grouping of nuns and priests under what was then called, and up till now is till called, The Christians for National Liberation, which in fact associated itself with the National Democratic Front. It was the underground coalition of revolutionary organization. So for the first time, and this is a very important development in a country where about 85% of the population are Christians, Catholics and Protestants, but overwhelmingly Catholics. This is an important development because for the first time you now have right within the church a radicalized sector that has openly associated itself and openly worked in fact, with the revolutionary movement. Some of them, by the way even joined The New People's Army as guerrilla commanders. Again, something unheard of in the past struggles. Increasingly if there is something in the experience of other third world countries which probably comes closest, again, we are not drawing exact parallels here, because that exact parallel in historical situations do not exist. Of course, but one case I think, is a very instructive case in this regard. Because as you know, in Nicaraguan Sandinista Revolution, the church, the radicalized clergy, also played a very important role. In fact, right now, right within the cabinet, you have Jesuits, in fact, occupying very important positions in the government. So that could be another scenario.\r\n\r\n- I'd like to know what you think of... What is the Philippine perception of the upcoming American presidential election? Filipinos receiving great difference between two parties? President Marcos, the defender of democracy.\r\n\r\n- That's right, yeah.\r\n\r\n- But one party or the other will loose in the whole USA.\r\n\r\n- In Madison, Wisconsin I once saw a very interesting button, which says \"Bush and Marcus 88\". You said, Bush was, when was this? 1981, I think yeah, when he went to the Philippines and toasted Mr. Marcos as the defender of democracy or something. Well, anyway, to your question. Well, again it depends on what sector of Philippines society you're referring to. If you refer mainly to the peoples-based organizations, I think they are also familiar with the fact that in terms of very key questions dealing with foreign policy, there is a relatively, a high degree of consensus between the Democratic and Republican parties. Again, there could be outstanding exemptions like the case of the contrast, Dukakis has come out against continuing aid for the contras. But in terms of the Philippines, what I believe is that would have the most immediate, the most urgent, and the most relevant impact. Well, one of course, again has to do with a basis as you pointed out. I don't think even the democratic governor, Dukakis, would entertain any serious idea of doing away with the bases once it expires in 1991. So in that regard, there would be no significant difference between the Republican and Democratic for me. Historically, I think even in terms of the support for the current regime, there is no substantial difference between the Republican and the Democratic party. In fact, the so-called Mini-Marshall plan. If you will remember, it is a project to provide something like 10 billion US dollars as economic aid to the Philippines, was in fact hosted by interestingly people like, on the democratic side and on the Republican side, extreme rightly elements like Ken, and... Who is this other guy? There's another very conservative Republican who was also one of the sponsors of this bill. I forgot his name.\r\n\r\n- Lugar.\r\n\r\n- Lugar, yeah Lugar was one, but no, there's another more conservative Republican Again, which brings us back to your observation earlier. Probably if a referendum on the bases we're heard right now, you would be surprised that majority, again, this unfortunate reality which we have to confirm. Probably majority of the Filipinos would retain favoring the bases. Why is this so? Well again, if we understand this within the historical colonial context of the Philippines, this is precisely one of the realities that we have this struggle against. The fact that among many Filipinos today, the reality of a deeply shape, what we would call a colonial consciousness, the colonial consciousness, shaped by the colonial experience is so strong that you cannot, that you have to systematically confront it, and not just wish it away. That would demand a long process of education. And at the same time, confronting the issue in our day to day realities. For instance in the case of the bases, it's a very contentious issue because about 10 to 20,000 Filipinos directly and indirectly benefit economically from it, which includes by the way, more than what? More than 10,000 prostitutes are nurtured by the existence of the bases alone. Hospitality girls, if you want to use a more... Yeah, but we have to call a spade a spade, unfortunately. And these are the issues that we have to confront with, to confront. I'm saying, for instance that, what has been lost out in the current negotiations for the bases because the government is simply open for a higher rental payment. The government says, if you want to retain the bases then you have to pay $1.2 billion a year. The US government says no way, we can only give you... The latest bargain was $512 million annually. So even if that is approved you can imagine that $512 million from American taxpayers money being to use to support one of the forward bases of aggression of US foreign policy. Even the US concedes that the basis are there primarily in fact, to protect and advance the strategic American interests. The bases do not have anything to do at all with the protection of Philippine interests. Yes, and then this gentleman over here.\r\n\r\n- On the other hand, there is no way in hell the American government will allow this to happen. So in a way this all seems very unlikely\r\n\r\n- Well, again, if we go by historical parallels and historical examples, unfortunately there have been alternatives. But so far the alternatives have been shaped and arrived through the sacrifice of a lot of lives and a lot of blood, unfortunately. We wish we could avoid that, but increasingly as I already mentioned, it seems like a polarization along these lines cannot be avoided given the situation now. And again in that context, I think that it is very important that within the US itself a broad movement of support for the struggle being waived by the Filipino people should be created. And the parallel that I can think of in this regard would be the struggle against Vietnam. When I think, the internal resistance, provided by the American people against the continuation of the Vietnam war have proved at a certain stage of the struggle to have been a very important, if not a decisive intervention in the way the war has being erased. Well, we already have a war in varying degrees taking place there right now, unfortunately, too. It's very difficult. That's right, I also agree with you in that regard, given the Vietnam experience. So yeah, but I'm not very pessimistic about that because even right now, in a very limited way, we have already established, succeeded in establishing in various areas of the US small groups of support networks, which hopefully could be expanded, and at the second stage of the struggle could prove to be a decisive factor in shaping US policy, vis-a-vis the Philippines. Yes, yes.\r\n\r\n- I guess I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116314#t=0.0,2826.60571"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 3 - 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(mumbling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=566.275,569.192"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't care about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=570.14,572.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Again, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=572.13,573.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"See, it's also a very complex situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=575.0,577.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the USAID for instance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=577.6,582.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the agency for international development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=583.57,585.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is one of the key instruments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=585.727,587.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the development of the policies of the U.S.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=587.47,591.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has refused, so far anyway,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=591.64,595.004"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to support the (mumbles) Fund Program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=595.004,598.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The world bank however, interestingly, has come out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=599.75,604.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a program that is more radical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=604.34,606.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By the (mumbles) Fund Program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=607.34,609.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"approved by the Aquino Congress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=609.25,611.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=612.469,614.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=614.95,615.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"See, the peculiarity I think is the fact that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=617.53,621.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one, there is also a lot of political review on the part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=621.28,625.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Philippine government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=625.81,627.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So really, decisively confront the issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=627.11,629.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, for very obvious reason","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=629.69,631.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the house of representatives right now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=631.66,633.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is 90% of the members of the house of representatives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=635.513,639.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the way of the Philippines (mumbles),`","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=639.32,642.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the desire of documented person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=642.54,645.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and most of them have been directly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=645.03,647.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or indirectly associated with deep (mumbles) interests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=647.61,651.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's the single reason why you've come out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=651.01,654.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a (mumbles) comes from one of the biggest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=654.3,657.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if not the biggest sugar plant refineries in the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=663.53,667.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So these are the contradictions that at work there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=669.21,674.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=675.333,677.583"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28272/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/272/original/AV203771_The_Direction_of_Social_Change_in_the_Phillipines_c.vtt?1622659418","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/272/original/AV203771_The_Direction_of_Social_Change_in_the_Phillipines_c.vtt?1622659418"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315/transcript/28273","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203771_The_Direction_of_Social_Change_in_the_Phillipines_c.txt 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See, it's also a very complex situation because the USAID for instance, the agency for international development is one of the key instruments for the development of the policies of the U.S. has refused, so far anyway, to support the Fund Program. The world bank however, interestingly, has come out with a program that is more radical. By the Fund Program approved by the Aquino Congress.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Yeah. See, the peculiarity I think is the fact that one, there is also a lot of political review on the part of the Philippine government. So really, decisively confront the issue. Again, for very obvious reason the house of representatives right now, is 90% of the members of the house of representatives by the way of the Philippines ,` the desire of documented person and most of them have been directly or indirectly associated with deep interests. And that's the single reason why you've come out with a comes from one of the biggest, if not the biggest sugar plant refineries in the country. So these are the contradictions that at work there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43415/file/116315#t=0.0,688.43102"}]}]}]}