{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/g73707x75p/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Tiemann, Adrian R., Dilemma of an Anxious Age"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203250 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Dilemma of an Anxious Age is an April 5, 1982 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Adrian Tiemann. Adrian Tiemann discusses the challenges in assessing the risks created by technology.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9qf8jq2b"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1982-04-05"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Tiemann, Adrian R. (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Technology--Risk assessment","Risk management","Risk perception"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Dilemma of an Anxious Age is an April 5, 1982 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Adrian Tiemann. 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April","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=14.23,17.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's going to be my pleasure to introduce this evening,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=17.18,19.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Dr. Adrian Timon, who received her Doctorate in Sociology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=19.11,22.752"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the State University of New York at Albany in 1976.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=22.752,27.505"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And she has worked as a Sociological 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systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=42.02,46.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of a home business that she's working in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=47.81,51.529"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adrian has lectured 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Risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=72.113,74.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also on other topics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=74.27,75.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have been of interest to her research endeavors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=75.73,78.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And she's also spoken","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=78.35,79.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the Sixth National Conference on Energy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=79.4,82.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Environment in Pittsburgh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=82.03,83.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So she's been around in the field a little bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=83.99,87.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and has spoken extensively on this topic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=87.68,89.846"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(clears throat)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=89.846,91.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She currently has two, not one mind you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=91.08,94.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but two grants from the National Science Foundation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=94.35,98.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to continue her research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=98.12,99.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Technological Risks and Benefits to Society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=99.503,103.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And she's also working on several other works,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=103.49,105.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of which includes a book that she's helping to edit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=105.81,109.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is entitled, 'How Sociology Does Apply.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=109.11,112.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So she's very, very active woman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=112.97,115.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that her credentials rather speak for themselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=115.79,119.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so without a lot of further to 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problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=213.579,217.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's because social change is painful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=218.86,221.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the different sectors of society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=221.69,224.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't always get along together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=224.42,226.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1979, 13 major forest fires raged over 170,000 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years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=267.1,269.741"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to regrow the trees lost in that fire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=269.741,272.799"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if we estimate each acre is 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seventh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=350.63,354.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Admiral Rickover the genial old gentleman","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=355.75,359.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said the worry associated with this 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seconds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=370.3,372.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore he only had to worry about it for one second.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=372.7,376.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, some 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flights","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=382.88,384.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and established emergency preparedness centers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=384.72,388.061"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at rather great public expense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=388.061,391.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which leads me to another aphorism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=391.89,394.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a ruler of Holland once said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=394.28,395.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"This country stands for sanity.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=395.867,398.164"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we stand for a little of it now and 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simply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=531.91,534.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an over the counter cleanser.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=534.21,535.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally in 1978, a worker in New Mexico was awarded $75,000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=537.29,542.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even upon appeal because you feared radiation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=545.17,549.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no physical injury or excessive exposure to 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us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=563.73,566.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some cases, the regulation is a good thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=566.88,569.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm all for it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=569.51,570.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in other cases it's not as well done as it needs to be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=570.49,573.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here is another cartoon illustrating the cost of regulation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=573.57,578.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Good evening, sir, as you may know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=578.977,581.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"the soaring costs of environmental protection legislation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=581.217,584.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"have forced us to pass part of the burden to the consumer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=584.307,588.527"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Your share is $171,947 and 65 cents.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=588.527,593.527"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think some of us don't realize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=598.14,600.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the costs that we engage in when we make social changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=601.94,606.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I believe that the real motivation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=607.61,610.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the part of the public for understanding risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=610.5,614.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and taking part in the policy process surrounding risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=615.66,619.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a desire to play some role in how risks are regulated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=619.36,624.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in not believing that the experts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=624.17,626.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know all of the answers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=626.6,628.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From my perspective, this is a very healthy thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=628.41,631.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't like to have a nation of intelligence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=631.21,634.931"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here directing me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=634.931,636.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause I sort of feel I belong to that group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=636.45,639.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chuckles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=639.767,640.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the outline of my talk is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=640.6,643.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm first going to talk about how we have shifted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=643.96,647.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from expert to pluralistic risk management","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=647.21,650.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as an illustration of which I will show you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=650.34,652.509"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Harris poll conducted in 1980","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=652.509,655.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comparing how the public and corporate executives feel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=655.74,660.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I will provide you with some background","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=661.18,663.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of actual risk studies which have been conducted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=663.63,666.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the past few years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=666.23,668.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including Chauncey Starr Studies of Revealed Preferences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=668.46,673.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it is called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=673.81,675.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then some expressed preference research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=675.47,678.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"undertaken by Slavic on Cognitions in Psychology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=678.117,683.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harry Otway at IASA in Austria,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=683.52,687.232"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Public and Government Policymaker attitudes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=687.232,692.232"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then finally a study that I did of technologists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=692.64,696.119"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a major industrial firm in the Northeast,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=696.119,699.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which makes light bulbs but which is otherwise unidentified.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=699.723,704.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I will discuss Improved Research,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=706.57,710.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a study that I am doing in conjunction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=710.56,713.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with some people at Yale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=713.8,715.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and finally, we will look at some of the policy implications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=715.8,718.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=718.89,720.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The expense and trouble associated with regulation of risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=723.69,728.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made people really concerned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=728.66,731.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with whether they could sell this to the public.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=731.54,734.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we've had quite a number of polls","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=734.47,737.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one of the first is to compare risk today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=737.34,741.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and risk 20 years ago from the vantage point of the public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=741.58,746.431"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of those technologists and managers of industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=746.431,750.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who in a sense have been regulating the risks all along","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=750.81,754.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one way or another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=754.31,756.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll notice that there is a divergence of opinion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=756.13,760.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the public and people in the corporate sector.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=760.2,765.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see where corporate executives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=766.63,769.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are sort of evenly divided","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=769.83,771.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of whether there is more risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=771.7,774.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the same amount of risk or less risk today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=774.25,777.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than there was 20 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=777.8,779.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whereas the public thinks there's a great deal more risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=781.29,785.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"today than there was before only a very few percent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=785.29,789.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the public believe there's less risk now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=789.75,792.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So corporate executives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=793.712,795.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not mirroring public attitudes at all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=795.217,800.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"investors and lenders seem to be somewhat closer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=800.77,803.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=803.51,804.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"notice how far apart federal regulators are from the public.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=805.29,809.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are rather crucial statistics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=810.105,812.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you try to design 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society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=835.4,837.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When asked whether US society was simply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=838.62,841.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overly sensitive to risks or just more 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sensitive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=857.55,859.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the public on the other hand feels they are more aware,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=859.92,863.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you see so again, we have this divergence in 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split","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=872.76,876.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd really like to have a breakdown","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=876.85,878.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of who the investor/lenders were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=878.5,880.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they asked this question of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=880.28,882.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I have a feeling that they don't all 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decisions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=890.62,894.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course the public wasn't asked that kind of question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=894.42,896.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause they doesn't have enough money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=896.78,898.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to put up for investment anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=898.8,900.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, here we note a very good 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impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=916.63,919.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they are aware of the force of public opinion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=919.39,922.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we come to the final question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=924.05,925.805"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've only seen the tip of the iceberg of the risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=925.805,929.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"associated with technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=929.93,931.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you see, again, this enormous divergence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=932.89,935.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the public and the corporate sector.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=935.38,939.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, unless the corporate sector cleans up its act","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=940.341,944.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so to speak, it's gonna be in trouble with the public.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=944.13,948.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think to summarize what has been going on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=949.18,954.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would say that the old 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appropriate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=968.77,970.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given the way they had estimated those risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=970.77,974.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A beautiful example of that is Rasmussen Study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=974.59,978.335"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Nuclear Power Plant Safety and the Fault Trees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=978.335,982.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he took into account on nuclear power plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=982.9,986.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's the old style of risk evaluation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=986.81,990.131"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A new style is in the process of being made right now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=990.131,994.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right today it gets argued back and forth all the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=994.9,998.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you ever get science magazine in your library","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=998.99,1001.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"look at its policy pages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1001.88,1003.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are in the front part before it gets into all that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1003.75,1006.996"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"biological and chemical synthesis stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1006.996,1010.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it is saying that public 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technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1447.61,1449.202"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think in our current adversarial climate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1449.202,1451.932"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"industry is a bad guy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1451.932,1454.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think sometimes public interest organizations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1454.44,1457.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are bad guys because they are forced the both play bad guys","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1457.12,1460.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opposing each other instead of good guys sitting down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1460.89,1464.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to work out something meaningful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1464.05,1465.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, let us turn to next now, to the Research Results","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1466.777,1471.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm going to give you first an 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process,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1478.57,1482.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"risk assessment began to be studied.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1482.31,1484.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We found out, first of all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1487.87,1489.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that risk assessment is inherently subjective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1489.78,1493.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I always have this argument","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1496.18,1498.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially when I worked at GE full time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1498.24,1501.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I would be confronted with the 1200 PhD physicists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1501.41,1506.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chemists and metallurgists at the research lab","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1508.1,1511.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I was the woman, the token woman social scientist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1511.36,1515.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the research lab,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1515.78,1516.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they would always come to me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1516.96,1518.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with their niggling questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1519.86,1521.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they'd say but that's not a real risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1521.44,1524.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I said, well, what is a real risk?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1524.13,1526.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1526.16,1526.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they say, well it's a real risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1528.22,1530.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that such and such happens,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1530.99,1532.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, well, how do you know that happens?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1532.31,1534.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have to do fault trees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1534.18,1535.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what goes into those fault trees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1535.74,1537.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but your own subjective judgements about the fatalities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1537.95,1541.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the damages or the problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1541.67,1543.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they sort of backed down after that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1543.63,1547.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyhow, I still get amused","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1547.21,1549.889"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at The National Science Foundation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1549.889,1552.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and The national Academy of Sciences six months ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1552.14,1555.191"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"held a conference to which I was invited to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1555.191,1558.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Perceived versus Real Risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1558.84,1563.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I mentioned to the organizer of the conference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1563.21,1566.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this was sort of funny,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1566.41,1568.488"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he said he hadn't thought of it that way before,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1568.488,1571.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but then even Rosalyn Yalow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1571.3,1572.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who the Nobel Prize winning woman,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1572.57,1576.849"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think she also had an article","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1576.849,1580.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on real versus perceived risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1580.55,1582.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you see, we all have our problems with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1582.98,1585.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, we find that systematic group differences exists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1585.69,1590.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the public is sensitive to factors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1590.02,1592.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overlooked by experts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1592.21,1593.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that the experts can be biased too,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1593.99,1596.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll go into more detail on that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1597.4,1599.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However perceptions are quantifiable and predictable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1600.44,1605.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we know, for example the distortion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1605.95,1608.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is due to judgmental limitations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1608.25,1611.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is due to bias media coverage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1611.56,1613.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one of the most biased sets of media that exists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1613.9,1616.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the world today are the professional","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1616.98,1619.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and technical journals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1619.46,1620.374"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they are publishing biases every issue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1620.374,1625.374"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just take a look at some of them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1626.05,1627.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chemical and Engineering News, for example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1627.55,1630.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we all have misleading experiences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1631.4,1633.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we aren't probability collectors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1633.97,1636.821"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we don't go out and randomly sample populations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1636.821,1639.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they come to us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1639.88,1641.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so we obviously have misleading experiences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1641.65,1644.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, every hazard has a profile,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1644.49,1647.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something that can be quantified in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1647.49,1650.354"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how it is understood,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1650.354,1652.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of how much dreaded arouses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1652.59,1655.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of how many people it affects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1655.06,1657.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also in terms of how it is assessed overall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1657.84,1662.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This TAI is my own nomenclature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1663.07,1666.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a Technology Assessment Indicator","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1666.34,1668.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm currently working on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1668.87,1670.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll tell you about that at the end.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1670.37,1672.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Accidents serve as cognitive signals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1673.473,1676.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the alarm in distress that they cause","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1676.68,1680.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"helps to determine the social impact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1680.33,1682.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, while all technologists say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1683.94,1687.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the trouble with the public is that they aren't educated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1687.37,1690.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education might indeed be desirable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1691.35,1693.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think we have to know what to 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risks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1700.74,1703.319"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if you're trying to place those risks in a framework","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1703.319,1706.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sometimes heightens their fear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1706.48,1709.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so we have to do a little bit of thinking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1709.26,1710.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before we rush out there to give them the truth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1710.93,1714.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's look at some previous research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1715.28,1717.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We first start with Chauncey Starr","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1717.32,1719.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who did a typical cost-benefit analysis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1720.62,1724.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he took a graph with the y-axis being the amount of 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spent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1732.48,1737.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the items in question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1737.76,1740.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he found that acceptable risk was a function","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1740.61,1745.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the third power of the benefit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1745.35,1748.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also that voluntary risks were 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risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1753.88,1756.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll criticize that research later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1756.1,1758.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paul Slovak came along,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1760.27,1762.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he had worked in the field of Cognitive Psychology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1762.47,1765.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Coombs and he adapted Coombs work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1765.16,1768.724"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to risk perception research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1768.724,1771.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he found that of 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representativeness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1777.81,1781.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the case a good example of its kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1784.843,1788.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can one generalize from it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1788.53,1790.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what role for example, might stereotyping play.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1790.84,1794.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A nice little a statement here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1796.93,1798.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is he thinks by infection catching an opinion like a cold.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1798.9,1802.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Availability is another bias,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1804.01,1806.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can one imagine such an event","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1806.31,1808.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can one remember such an event?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1808.62,1811.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can think of this in terms of Oscar Wilde's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1812.67,1816.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"famous statement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1816.31,1817.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Experiences is the name everyone gives to his mistakes.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1817.143,1820.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because there is often less danger in the things we 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death","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1829.92,1833.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they underestimate chronic causes of death.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1833.58,1837.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1837.15,1837.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cigarette smoking causes 325,000 deaths per year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1837.983,1842.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is because if you smoke two packs of cigarettes a 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facts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1854.36,1856.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those are facts not in the common lexicon of knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1857.8,1861.484"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so people don't think about that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1861.484,1863.969"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we watch people dying slowly over long periods of time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1863.969,1868.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and these chronic illnesses associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1868.65,1871.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with cigarette smoking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1871.1,1872.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so we sort of tend to ignore it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1872.51,1875.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also, cigarette smoking has other advantages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1875.21,1878.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we enjoy and so we tend to deny its problems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1878.56,1883.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but those are some of the problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1883.72,1886.538"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with thinking about risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1886.538,1889.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I've sat in a room where people were virulently opposed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1889.42,1893.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to nuclear power plants because of their radiation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1893.04,1896.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they sat there huffing and puffing on their cigars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1896.61,1899.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and pipes and cigarettes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1899.33,1900.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it was just kind of ironic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1900.58,1903.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We also find that people compress the range of dangers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1904.73,1909.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"associated with something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1913.32,1915.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me show you a graph here of the truth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1916.06,1920.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the actual number of deaths per year in a log scale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1921.67,1926.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and these are the estimated number of deaths per year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1926.89,1931.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the perception to the public.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1932.51,1933.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this line here represents truth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1933.89,1937.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you see that when you go out and you ask the public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1937.13,1940.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what they think that the line is slightly curvilinear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1940.01,1944.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it is a compressed range","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1944.66,1946.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instead of going from here to here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1946.54,1949.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it goes from here to there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1949.6,1951.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that compression in range is overestimating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1952.33,1957.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some very exciting causes of death","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1957.69,1962.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and underestimating some very chronic causes of death.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1962.86,1966.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the greatest problems that people suffer from,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1975.68,1980.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wouldn't predict it in the future","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1980.68,1981.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's why none of us ever made a killing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1981.677,1984.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the stock market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1984.01,1985.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"An aphorism you can remember here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1986.871,1989.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that everyone complains of his memory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1989.16,1991.488"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no one of his judgment, which I always like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1991.488,1995.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We ignore regression effects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1997.09,1998.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because very few of us have taken statistics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=1998.73,2001.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is in terms of the national average","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2001.5,2003.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we don't even think of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2003.42,2004.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and even statisticians don't think of them all the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2004.73,2007.827"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We neglect base rates when we're trying to predict events,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2007.827,2012.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we operate as if there weren't any base rate at all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2012.24,2016.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we misperceive randomness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2016.663,2020.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because again, we have these experiences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2020.17,2022.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are very immediate to us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2022.36,2025.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, probability is a very hard thing to swallow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2025.12,2028.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think if we really wanted to educate the public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2029.34,2031.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we should not focus on risks and benefits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2031.81,2034.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or on mathematics and statistics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2034.49,2036.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would be some little help though,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2036.77,2039.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it wouldn't be too much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2039.01,2040.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, we have the Certainty Illusion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2040.92,2044.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I have starred here, because that is the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2044.47,2047.221"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which affects the experts most of all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2047.221,2051.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you see the experts have been educated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2051.33,2054.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they know the answer, so they're 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fatalities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2265.31,2269.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as people found out how much safer it was to drive slowly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2269.28,2273.445"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but then they adjusted their 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Manhattan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2297.31,2299.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I used to be able to make it two hours and a half","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2299.42,2302.318"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by which time I wouldn't be nearly so exhausted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2302.318,2304.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and tired and grumpy so that when I got into New York City,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2304.83,2308.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wouldn't have an accident.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2308.11,2309.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now it takes me four hours if I obey the speed limit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2309.8,2312.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and by the time I get into the 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car","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2339.05,2343.592"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chuckles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2343.592,2344.425"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and is barreling along at 80 miles an 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compressed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2361.76,2363.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that experts rely mainly on fatalities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2363.33,2365.701"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ignore subjective elements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2365.701,2368.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, that's no surprise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2368.12,2369.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think somebody once said that no brain is 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along...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2381.08,2383.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh, I will show you a couple of other things about Slavic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2384.94,2388.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The qualitative factors that he discovered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2391.75,2395.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through his analysis were voluntariness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2395.57,2398.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immediacy of effect, the knowledge about the risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2398.6,2402.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both from the public's as well as the experts point of view,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2402.67,2405.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how controllable the risk was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2405.77,2407.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how new it was to science and technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2407.5,2410.308"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how much potential it had for catastrophe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2410.308,2413.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how much dreaded aroused and how severe the consequences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2413.19,2417.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He then factor analyzed a group of 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fatal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2432.421,2437.421"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unusual, and acute versus not certain to be fatal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2439.1,2443.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"common and chronic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2443.0,2444.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the other dimension was how known it was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2445.2,2448.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how voluntary it 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addressed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2639.13,2640.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we come to a study that I did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2642.81,2645.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at an unnamed Northeastern,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2645.27,2648.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually multinational corporation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2648.33,2651.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which employs scientists and engineers having PhDs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2651.49,2655.515"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a sample of 176 respondents from this unnamed company,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2655.515,2660.515"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're given a series of questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2663.21,2665.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to evaluate 30 technologies for their risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2665.4,2669.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were asked to rank the risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2670.373,2673.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then to create a rating scale for the risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2673.24,2675.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and finally estimate the number of annual fatalities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2675.9,2679.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from these risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2679.31,2680.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here is a graph of the technologies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2682.68,2687.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each technology has its own little mini graph","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2688.52,2691.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going from low to high, where one is the least risky","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2691.86,2695.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 30 is the most risky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2695.4,2697.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had alcoholic beverages, bicycle riding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2697.39,2700.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"commercial aviation, pesticides, police work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2700.01,2704.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things like power mowers, spray cans, smoking vaccinations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2704.26,2709.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"x-rays, food coloring, contraceptives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2709.18,2713.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is the histogram, the distribution of the rankings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2713.21,2717.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you see, I have a few outlined in red.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=2717.86,2720.563"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21170/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/170/original/AV203250_Dilemma_of_an_Anxious_Age_a.vtt?1608541959","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/170/original/AV203250_Dilemma_of_an_Anxious_Age_a.vtt?1608541959"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21171","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203250_Dilemma_of_an_Anxious_Age_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441/transcript/21171/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- In January, listen to me, I feel like January in April it's going to be my pleasure to introduce this evening, a Dr. Adrian Timon, who received her Doctorate in Sociology from the State University of New York at Albany in 1976. And she has worked as a Sociological Consultant for General Electric Corporation from 1977 to 1981. And she currently is an Adjunct Professor of Sociology at Union College at Schenectady New York and also is managing the digital interface systems kind of a home business that she's working in. Adrian has lectured extensively on Public Reaction to Technological Advances. And she's lectured at such places as an Institute on Nuclear Energy Education that was held at St. Joseph College in Connecticut. She also lectured at the American Sociological Association meetings. I think she's lectured there more than once on Public Perceptions of Risk and also on other topics that have been of interest to her research endeavors. And she's also spoken at the Sixth National Conference on Energy and the Environment in Pittsburgh. So she's been around in the field a little bit and has spoken extensively on this topic. She currently has two, not one mind you, but two grants from the National Science Foundation to continue her research in Technological Risks and Benefits to Society. And she's also working on several other works, one of which includes a book that she's helping to edit which is entitled, 'How Sociology Does Apply.\" So she's very, very active woman. I think that her credentials rather speak for themselves, so without a lot of further to do, I'm gonna let her speak for herself. And she's speaking on the topic, Dilemmas of An Anxious Age, Perceptions of Technological Risks and Benefits. Dr. Adrian Timon.\r\n\r\n- It's a pleasure to be here tonight. I'm going to start off by answering the question, what's a nice girl like me doing, talking about risk? And so I will go back way, way, way back to the beginning and tell you that when I grew up, I had great difficulty getting along with people, they just didn't seem to share my attitudes and values and so forth towards life. And I found out as I grew a little bit older, that that was the field called Psychology. So I went into psychology figuring that if I could get closer to people on a sort of a one-to-one basis, I could change them and make them believe the way I did. And then I got a little bit disappointed in psychology 'cause it didn't seem to make enough changes in the world. And so I went into Sociology 'cause I figured I'd bring a huge group of people into a room, I change 'em all at once so that they'd think like I did. And then I got here and it snowed. So those are the parallels you go through in trying to do good in the world. Well, my topic, is suppose on Perceptions To Risk. Now business and government misperception of the public's perception of risk is a big problem, it's because social change is painful and the different sectors of society don't always get along together. In 1979, 13 major forest fires raged over 170,000 acres in Idaho, Montana, California, Wyoming, Oregon and Nevada. Governor John Evans of Idaho blamed the US Forest Service for the conflagration because under its mandate, National Forest set aside as wilderness could not be traversed by fire trucks or any other kinds of vehicles even to save the life of the forest. Instead, Rangers watched nature take its course because natural burn is said to be beneficial ecologically. Meanwhile, it will take about 35 years to regrow the trees lost in that fire. And if we estimate each acre is worth about a hundred dollars, which is a minimal estimate, that represents $17 million. It is said that man is the only animal that laughs he is also the only animal that has a legislature which passes laws, which affect conditions like forest fire burning. To take another illustration, this is sort of made up, but it's a composite of reality. Scott Williams is Vice President of a moderately large industrial corporation, he rose from the ranks and is now in line for Senior Vice President, the goal which sustained his work for many years. His son is a rabid environmentalist and so is his wife both of them do not share their the husband and father's ideology and the dinner table has become a battleground for this family as vicious as trench warfare and Williams is wondering whatever happened to his version of the American dream. Another illustration. When Skylab was due to fall, the risk of it's hitting any one person was one out of six times 10 to the minus seventh, Admiral Rickover the genial old gentleman said the worry associated with this event was worth only one second of his time, on the basis of the calculation that if life is 65 years on the average, that's 2 billion seconds, and therefore he only had to worry about it for one second. However, some communities, in anticipation of the risk associated with this event halted all air flights and established emergency preparedness centers at rather great public expense. Which leads me to another aphorism, a ruler of Holland once said, \"This country stands for sanity.\" Well, we stand for a little of it now and then but we don't especially like it. Now these examples are subjective, let's take some numbers with a harder basis. In 1979, Federal Regulation was estimated to have cost $135 billion. One of these costs concerns pollution controls on the family automobile. Federal Regulation raised the cost of automobiles by $800 each as well as having decreased their efficiency by 25% at an annual fuel cost per car of $350. That is a good deal of money that the public has paid for regulation in which it did not always have a voice. And the New Yorker had a lovely cartoon about that \"Hair brain hypothesis, \"lousy documentation, meddlesome rules, \"you've got the making of a great Federal program \"here at Winslow.\" Says one regulator to another. In 1977, Bethlehem Steel, the Aluminum Company of America, Zenith radio and DuPont each closed down one of their major research facilities in order to divert funds from exploratory research to what they call in the industry, Defensive Research which is covering their rear ends against attack from lawsuits. Since the 1970s when Phisohex was declared potentially carcinogenic it's cost has risen 500% from $1.50 a pint to 50 cents an ounce. There's been no change in the makeup of Phisohex, this change in costs has been due to the fact that it is regulated and has to have so many more controls imposed upon it now than when it was simply an over the counter cleanser. Finally in 1978, a worker in New Mexico was awarded $75,000 even upon appeal because you feared radiation, no physical injury or excessive exposure to radiation was claimed in his suit. These are all illustrations of the problems that we have with regulation and the cost that they bring us, in some cases, the regulation is a good thing and I'm all for it, in other cases it's not as well done as it needs to be. Here is another cartoon illustrating the cost of regulation. \"Good evening, sir, as you may know \"the soaring costs of environmental protection legislation \"have forced us to pass part of the burden to the consumer. \"Your share is $171,947 and 65 cents.\" I think some of us don't realize the costs that we engage in when we make social changes and I believe that the real motivation on the part of the public for understanding risks and taking part in the policy process surrounding risk is a desire to play some role in how risks are regulated and in not believing that the experts know all of the answers. From my perspective, this is a very healthy thing, I don't like to have a nation of intelligence here directing me 'cause I sort of feel I belong to that group. So the outline of my talk is, I'm first going to talk about how we have shifted from expert to pluralistic risk management as an illustration of which I will show you a Harris poll conducted in 1980 comparing how the public and corporate executives feel. Then I will provide you with some background of actual risk studies which have been conducted over the past few years, including Chauncey Starr Studies of Revealed Preferences as it is called and then some expressed preference research undertaken by Slavic on Cognitions in Psychology Harry Otway at IASA in Austria, on Public and Government Policymaker attitudes. And then finally a study that I did of technologists in a major industrial firm in the Northeast, which makes light bulbs but which is otherwise unidentified. Then I will discuss Improved Research, which is a study that I am doing in conjunction with some people at Yale and finally, we will look at some of the policy implications of this research. The expense and trouble associated with regulation of risk made people really concerned with whether they could sell this to the public. So we've had quite a number of polls and one of the first is to compare risk today and risk 20 years ago from the vantage point of the public and of those technologists and managers of industry who in a sense have been regulating the risks all along one way or another. You'll notice that there is a divergence of opinion between the public and people in the corporate sector. You see where corporate executives are sort of evenly divided in terms of whether there is more risk or the same amount of risk or less risk today than there was 20 years ago. Whereas the public thinks there's a great deal more risk today than there was before only a very few percent of the public believe there's less risk now. So corporate executives are not mirroring public attitudes at all, investors and lenders seem to be somewhat closer to the public notice how far apart federal regulators are from the public. These are rather crucial statistics when you try to design policy, because you realize that people can't talk to each other who don't see the same thing when they open their eyes. When asked whether society is more aware of risk today or not the public wasn't asked this question, there was general agreement among the elites in society and the business sector of society. When asked whether US society was simply overly sensitive to risks or just more aware, you'll notice a definite trend going from left to right here in a downward direction. Corporate executives feel that the public is overly sensitive, the public on the other hand feels they are more aware, you see so again, we have this divergence in attitudes. Federal regulators are rather close to the public in this and investor/lenders are really completely split I'd really like to have a breakdown of who the investor/lenders were that they asked this question of because I have a feeling that they don't all fall in the same category of venture capitalists. Will the nation's mood impact investment decisions? Of course the public wasn't asked that kind of question 'cause they doesn't have enough money to put up for investment anyway. However, here we note a very good thing, the nation's elites all feel that the nation's mood will have a substantial impact substantial or moderate, very few of them think it will have no impact so they are aware of the force of public opinion. When we come to the final question, we've only seen the tip of the iceberg of the risks associated with technology you see, again, this enormous divergence between the public and the corporate sector. Well, unless the corporate sector cleans up its act so to speak, it's gonna be in trouble with the public. I think to summarize what has been going on, I would say that the old system was one in which we had experts make risk determinations and they then made those determinations and then they manage the risks the way they felt was appropriate given the way they had estimated those risks. A beautiful example of that is Rasmussen Study of Nuclear Power Plant Safety and the Fault Trees that he took into account on nuclear power plants, that's the old style of risk evaluation. A new style is in the process of being made right now right today it gets argued back and forth all the time. If you ever get science magazine in your library look at its policy pages, which are in the front part before it gets into all that biological and chemical synthesis stuff. But it is saying that public perceptions negative perceptions, positive perceptions and unsure perceptions are all going into the risk decision making process and that's going to affect society. It will affect the fate of certain technologies and it certainly will affect society and its social organization, because if you have an animus towards something, people don't go into that field. My husband was a theoretical physicist who in 1950 had a Q clearance in order to tell some people how to do something associated with atomic power I don't mean the kind that runs power plants. And he came to the decision that he could not work in this field he did not trust his government and he could not support that kind of endeavor and he left it to become, a Solid State Physicist. And when you walk down the street and somebody plays one of these radios and they blare at you you have him to thank for making it possible because he's the one that made reality out of that little tunnel dial that makes that thing. I told him that if he didn't hurry up and invent a zapper so I could walk down the street point my zapper at them and kill them that there would be trouble, however, he hasn't gotten around to it yet he still has to fix the windows. Now here is a model of the risk assessment process as I see it today. We have technical risk estimation which is performed by technical experts performed by policy makers and even includes lay people and these are technical risk estimates in which there are panelists sitting on panels. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has a housewife on its panel now, so that she can take part in some of these technical risk evaluations. But we also have these studies of perceived risk, of the probabilities of the consequences and of the Dose-response relationship that might be obtaining. And all of these go into how risks are evaluated and managed in answer to the question, how safe is safe enough? This risk evaluation it occurs in the vehicle of market forces, it occurs in procedural approaches such as legal action. When this worker in New Mexico was awarded $78,000 because he feared something that procedural approach was establishing a risk evaluation. It occurs in regulation and it of course occurs in legislation, which says you have to have a seatbelt into a lock for a whole year and then they discard the idea. It occurs in professional management and it occurs in comparative approaches where we take different kinds of hazards and we compare them. That's the famous table by Richard Wilson which says that, smoking one cigarette is equal to whatever it is, three minutes of your life or three seconds of your life or something. Then we have the Revealed Preference Technique of the psychologists, where you ask people what they think which is a very strange way of doing things after a hundred years of having been managed by experts. And then you have natural standards, if the background radiation is X, then surely, you ought to be generous enough to be able to tolerate this amount of radiation in your normal life, doubling the natural background radiation isn't so bad consider if you lived in Denver where it's 10 or a hundred times what the natural background is in Florida or something like that. Finally, you have Analytic Approaches to risk evaluation and management and these are cost benefit studies, which comprise the bulk of what passes for risk management today. And you have Decision Analysis which is trying to use more subjective factors than it had in the past. The policy implications of risk perception research have a number of ramifications, for example, if we improve our understanding of risks we can rationalize the regulatory process so that the government will not pay people to live in floodplains so that people might use their seatbelts and so that people might give up smoking habits which affect their lives. We could also rationalize some of the social programs that intersect regulation for example, Superfunds for Toxic Wastes we could figure out ways of making Superfunds work better then they do since they're just getting started. And we could think some somewhat more about how Medicaid for chronic habit or lifestyle induced disease ought to be managed. Within industry, we could improve risk management by understanding public response to technology. Let me tell you that way back in the good old days before corporations were terribly concerned about their products and consumer reports was a fledgling magazine it rated a number of television sets and it rated the television sets of one very famous manufacturer that again I can't name unacceptable because of its shock hazard. And that single publication, that single item of information in consumer reports caused that firm overnight to completely change the design of that television set and to withdraw that set from the market. It did in fact, turn out that some three or four year old boy who had no business doing it put his finger in the back of that television set and got electrocuted. And that had been foretold by consumer reports and they had recalled those sets by that time but there were still one out there. It can also help improve public interest efforts to improve their information on various forms of technological change and I think to help set meaningful safety goals for technologies. I think in our current adversarial climate industry is a bad guy and I think sometimes public interest organizations are bad guys because they are forced the both play bad guys opposing each other instead of good guys sitting down to work out something meaningful. Okay, let us turn to next now, to the Research Results and I'm going to give you first an overview of what we found out. When risk management became a more pluralistic process, risk assessment began to be studied. We found out, first of all that risk assessment is inherently subjective. I always have this argument especially when I worked at GE full time because I would be confronted with the 1200 PhD physicists, chemists and metallurgists at the research lab and I was the woman, the token woman social scientist at the research lab, so they would always come to me with their niggling questions and they'd say but that's not a real risk and I said, well, what is a real risk? Tell me. And they say, well it's a real risk that such and such happens, I said, well, how do you know that happens? You have to do fault trees and what goes into those fault trees but your own subjective judgements about the fatalities or the damages or the problems and they sort of backed down after that. Anyhow, I still get amused at The National Science Foundation and The national Academy of Sciences six months ago held a conference to which I was invited to on Perceived versus Real Risks. And when I mentioned to the organizer of the conference that this was sort of funny, he said he hadn't thought of it that way before, but then even Rosalyn Yalow who the Nobel Prize winning woman, I think she also had an article on real versus perceived risks. So you see, we all have our problems with it. Okay, we find that systematic group differences exists that the public is sensitive to factors overlooked by experts and that the experts can be biased too, we'll go into more detail on that. However perceptions are quantifiable and predictable we know, for example the distortion is due to judgmental limitations, it is due to bias media coverage and one of the most biased sets of media that exists in the world today are the professional and technical journals and they are publishing biases every issue, just take a look at some of them, Chemical and Engineering News, for example. And we all have misleading experiences because we aren't probability collectors, we don't go out and randomly sample populations they come to us, so we obviously have misleading experiences. Now, every hazard has a profile, something that can be quantified in terms of how it is understood, in terms of how much dreaded arouses, in terms of how many people it affects and also in terms of how it is assessed overall. This TAI is my own nomenclature for a Technology Assessment Indicator that I'm currently working on, I'll tell you about that at the end. Accidents serve as cognitive signals, the alarm in distress that they cause helps to determine the social impact. Finally, while all technologists say the trouble with the public is that they aren't educated, education might indeed be desirable but I think we have to know what to educate before we can just go out and blindly do it, telling people more about risks, even if you're trying to place those risks in a framework sometimes heightens their fear so we have to do a little bit of thinking before we rush out there to give them the truth. Let's look at some previous research. We first start with Chauncey Starr who did a typical cost-benefit analysis, he took a graph with the y-axis being the amount of risk from a variety of activities and technologies and the x-axis being the amount of benefit in dollars spent on the items in question. And he found that acceptable risk was a function of the third power of the benefit and also that voluntary risks were accepted at a level of thousand times greater, than involuntary risk. We'll criticize that research later. Paul Slovak came along, he had worked in the field of Cognitive Psychology with Coombs and he adapted Coombs work to risk perception research. And he found that of course overall risk is a function of our cognitive biases. These are representativeness, which is the case a good example of its kind can one generalize from it and what role for example, might stereotyping play. A nice little a statement here is he thinks by infection catching an opinion like a cold. Availability is another bias, can one imagine such an event can one remember such an event? You can think of this in terms of Oscar Wilde's famous statement, \"Experiences is the name everyone gives to his mistakes.\" Because there is often less danger in the things we fear than in the things we desire, people overestimate sensational causes of death and they underestimate chronic causes of death. For example, cigarette smoking causes 325,000 deaths per year, that is because if you smoke two packs of cigarettes a day you are acquiring 8,000 millirems of radiation per year. Now those are not common facts, those are facts not in the common lexicon of knowledge and so people don't think about that and we watch people dying slowly over long periods of time and these chronic illnesses associated with cigarette smoking and so we sort of tend to ignore it. Also, cigarette smoking has other advantages, which we enjoy and so we tend to deny its problems, but those are some of the problems with thinking about risks. And I've sat in a room where people were virulently opposed to nuclear power plants because of their radiation and they sat there huffing and puffing on their cigars and pipes and cigarettes and it was just kind of ironic. We also find that people compress the range of dangers associated with something let me show you a graph here of the truth. This is the actual number of deaths per year in a log scale and these are the estimated number of deaths per year the perception to the public. Now this line here represents truth, but you see that when you go out and you ask the public what they think that the line is slightly curvilinear and it is a compressed range instead of going from here to here, it goes from here to there. And that compression in range is overestimating some very exciting causes of death and underestimating some very chronic causes of death. One of the greatest problems that people suffer from, wouldn't predict it in the future that's why none of us ever made a killing on the stock market. An aphorism you can remember here is that everyone complains of his memory no one of his judgment, which I always like. We ignore regression effects because very few of us have taken statistics that is in terms of the national average and we don't even think of them and even statisticians don't think of them all the time. We neglect base rates when we're trying to predict events, we operate as if there weren't any base rate at all and we misperceive randomness because again, we have these experiences which are very immediate to us, I mean, probability is a very hard thing to swallow. I think if we really wanted to educate the public we should not focus on risks and benefits or on mathematics and statistics, that would be some little help though, it wouldn't be too much. Finally, we have the Certainty Illusion which I have starred here, because that is the problem which affects the experts most of all, you see the experts have been educated so they know the answer, so they're certain a person seldom makes the same mistake twice, usually it's three or four times and that's very true of the experts. To talk about experts for a minute, they failed to change their estimates when fault trees to disaster were pruned or enlarged. Now a fault tree to disastrous where you take all the ways that a technology can fail and you follow down all of the paths. So experts were presented with paths that looked like Sherwood Forest, and they made estimates and then they were given those that looked like isle after a tornado and then they made estimates and the two estimates were all pretty much alike showing that they didn't take the loss of the fault tree pathways into account. Experts are frequently insensitive to the technological system as a whole. In 1944 a Cleveland natural gas explosion killed 128 people entirely due to a lack of a protective dyke to contain the explosive material, if there had been a dyke around it, it wouldn't have caught fire and killed all those people. The DC-10 cargo deep compression situation, they didn't take into account that it could possibly destroy the planes control system which would of course, force the plane to fail. And in the design of TMI, you've all heard too much about the failure to consider human factors in designing the panel and the fact that some of the key elements were behind the panel and you had to get up from your seat and run around to check their position and that the toggle switches were improperly labeled et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. Another problem with experts is that they have overconfidence in current scientific knowledge. Just to go back 50 years, the experts were advising people to use X-rays for everything from sex therapy to baldness and they learned too late that X-rays were really dangerous and they had to moderate the dose that they gave people. They're slow in detecting chronic environmental effects, in other words, the same fallacy that plagues the public about cigarette smoking plagues the experts about chronic causes too so you aren't so badly off. They also failed to recognize human responses to protective measures, when the Army Corps of Engineer comes along and puts in this enormous levy people cheerfully run in and move to right underneath the dam, you see so that they can enjoy that land, it's now been opened up. Then what happens? We know that there's a failure rate for dams and that one out of 500 dams fails the very first time you put water in it but people still have great confidence in the Army Corps of Engineers as I do, so they moved there. The 55 mile an hour speed limit initially caused a huge draw in auto fatalities as people found out how much safer it was to drive slowly but then they adjusted their habits because everybody needs a certain amount of risk in life and now the death toll is right back up there where it was before and the disadvantage is it now takes four or five hours to get where it used to take three to four hours. I am particularly keen on this issue because I do a great deal of driving back and forth between Schenectady and Manhattan, I used to be able to make it two hours and a half by which time I wouldn't be nearly so exhausted and tired and grumpy so that when I got into New York City, I wouldn't have an accident. Now it takes me four hours if I obey the speed limit and by the time I get into the city I'm just ripe to knock into somebody and everybody down there is anyway, so it's a bad situation. Okay, people deny risks to themselves, they think they're immune and they have great confidence in their ability. When I hit New York City at the end of four hours of driving and I'm cranky, I feel perfectly confident pulling in front of some Puerto Rican kid who's just stolen a car and is barreling along at 80 miles an hour. Anyhow, so we find qualitative factors are the key to public beliefs and that compression of effects and fatality judgements and they're correctly ordered, they just compressed and that experts rely mainly on fatalities and ignore subjective elements, well, that's no surprise. I think somebody once said that no brain is stronger than its weakest think which is a good one to remember. Now, Otway came along... Oh, I will show you a couple of other things about Slavic. The qualitative factors that he discovered through his analysis were voluntariness, immediacy of effect, the knowledge about the risks both from the public's as well as the experts point of view, how controllable the risk was, how new it was to science and technology how much potential it had for catastrophe, how much dreaded aroused and how severe the consequences. He then factor analyzed a group of these and I have two graphs here this is the factor analysis result he found two primary factors one of which was a dread and a certain to be fatal, unusual, and acute versus not certain to be fatal, common and chronic. And the other dimension was how known it was, how voluntary it was, how common it was versus how unknown it was, they sort of look a little bit alike but they are two different dimensions. And he studied every one of the things on this graph the Yale Study that I'll tell you about in a little bit only used the ones that were colored in yellow. So there were a variety of things that formed the basis for this research. Otway in Austria, studied the public and ask them their attitudes towards nuclear power in particular, as well other forms of power and he then compared their answers with both role-playing by government officials and government officials own attitudes. And he found... Here are the raw results, we have here two sets of graphs. we have people who were pro-nuclear and people who were anti-nuclear and they evaluated these energy options, nuclear, solar, hydro, coal and oil, in terms of their indirect risk, their economic benefit, their environmental risk, their psychological and physical risk and their ability to generate new technology. And he found these very different profiles among the pro and anti-nuclear people we're only going to really look at this one for nuclear. You see that the pro-nuclear group thought that nuclear power had economic benefits, they agree that it had psychological and physical risks but they saw those as not so large as did the antinuclear group. The antinuclear group did agree that there was a minute amount of economic benefit from nuclear power, but nothing like the pro-nuclear group. And the pro-nuclear group did not agree that there were any indirect risks at all from nuclear power, such as proliferation of weapons and wars and stuff like that, whereas the anti-nuclear group did. So in summary of Otway, his pro-nuclear group stressed economic benefits and advantages, the anti-nuclear group showed the opposite pattern. However, both groups perceive physical and psychological stress to result from nuclear power development and both groups did perceive advantages to technology development. Not shown on these graphs here were that policymakers did correctly understand the public's feelings but they misgauged how strong the public felt about these things. And I think the implications have outweighs analysis are that there are different values underlying the debate which need to be addressed. Then we come to a study that I did at an unnamed Northeastern, actually multinational corporation, which employs scientists and engineers having PhDs and a sample of 176 respondents from this unnamed company, we're given a series of questions to evaluate 30 technologies for their risks. They were asked to rank the risks and then to create a rating scale for the risks and finally estimate the number of annual fatalities from these risks. Here is a graph of the technologies, each technology has its own little mini graph going from low to high, where one is the least risky and 30 is the most risky. We had alcoholic beverages, bicycle riding commercial aviation, pesticides, police work things like power mowers, spray cans, smoking vaccinations x-rays, food coloring, contraceptives. And this is the histogram, the distribution of the rankings and you see, I have a few outlined in red.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103441#t=0.0,2727.60163"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV203250_Dilemma_of_an_Anxious_Age_B.mp3"]},"duration":2585.02531,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/103/442/small/lecture.png?1608541962","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/103/442/original/AV203250_Dilemma_of_an_Anxious_Age_B.mp3?1608541962","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2585.02531,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203250_Dilemma_of_an_Anxious_Age_B.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e And in red.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=11.447,12.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, there's one artifact in this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=12.61,15.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is that I provided people with an anchor point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=15.57,19.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Out of these 30 technologies or activities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=19.76,23.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I gave the number 50,000 annual fatalities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=23.22,27.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for motor vehicles, that being the current number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=27.85,30.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that served as an anchor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=31.581,33.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then they were asked to rank everything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=34.83,37.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They didn't have any numbers for anything else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=37.53,40.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So having given them that number,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=40.12,42.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can see that the motor vehicle rankings went way up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=42.23,46.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sure that was greatly influenced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=46.7,49.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by my giving them that number.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=49.43,51.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll notice that these technologists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=52.72,55.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do spread all over the place on nuclear power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=55.12,58.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they tend to fall in the lower end.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=58.04,60.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whereas non-nuclear power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=61.58,63.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is primarily coal-fired plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=63.13,67.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a much heavier spread in the upper reaches.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=67.24,70.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the others are, as you see them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=72.54,77.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of these follow a more or less normal distribution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=77.66,81.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"others are quite to peaked at one end or the other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=81.86,86.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Schenectady area is an area of great hunting enthusiasm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=89.35,94.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I was surprised to see handguns rated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=97.43,101.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as negatively as they were, because we have no luck","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=101.9,106.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with gun control in that neck of the woods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=106.17,110.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this is the logarithm of the death estimates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=110.09,114.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that was valuable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=114.65,116.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was valuable to do the study just to obtain that fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=116.43,119.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because that fed right into the Yale study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=119.52,122.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was performed later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=122.3,124.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the fact that people do think in log scales about deaths.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=124.0,127.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, you have the artifact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=128.89,131.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that despite the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=131.67,132.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I gave the number 50,000 two people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=132.85,137.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had a couple of respondents who crossed it out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=137.56,140.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and wrote their own estimates in even so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=140.83,144.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which just goes to show you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=144.34,145.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no matter how carefully you do your surveys,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=145.9,148.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people are gonna be people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=148.21,149.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you'll also notice that if we take this again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=151.95,156.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is the high end and this is the low end,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=156.84,159.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you see the curve for nuclear power is skewed to the left,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=159.31,162.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for non-nuclear it is pretty much in the middle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=162.97,166.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bicycle riding is pretty log normal and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=166.4,170.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will show you some of the numbers on that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=171.36,173.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause that's kind of interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=173.15,174.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have here a supposedly, a correct number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=176.01,180.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of deaths that can be attributed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=180.38,182.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the government statistics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=182.8,184.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on what the correct number is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=184.55,186.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You call Washington up and say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=186.28,188.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Hello, sir, I'm interested in finding out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=188.757,190.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just how many people are really killed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=190.7,192.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by bicycle riding every year.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=192.51,195.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there is an expert in Washington","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=195.05,197.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who'll tell you that number.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=197.24,199.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are the guesses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=199.01,200.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the technologists in Schenectady,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=200.9,204.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the highs are in thousands and the lows are absolute values.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=205.8,210.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So bicycle riding,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=210.81,212.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody estimated a high of 40,000 deaths per year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=212.02,216.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the low was five, the median was 1050,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=216.14,220.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the supposedly correct number is a thousand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=220.68,224.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was very interesting to me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=224.34,225.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about conducting this research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=225.94,229.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the fact that after I handed the questionnaires out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=229.17,232.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these were all anonymous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=232.89,234.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I had no idea who was sending them back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=234.09,236.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They just arrive in my box, you know, A.R Tiemann","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=236.24,239.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and suitably marked up, but people would drop by the office","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=239.89,243.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they'd say, yeah, \"What's the correct 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was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=248.94,251.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while they granted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=253.27,254.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the correct number was perception and not real,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=254.64,258.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yet they wanted to know what the correct number was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=258.4,261.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, you can draw your own 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variation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=278.09,281.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, alcoholic beverages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=281.4,284.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were said to either kill a million people a year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=284.1,286.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or only a hundred people a year, the median was 25,000,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=286.52,290.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the supposedly correct number is a hundred thousand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=290.75,293.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you count up all the deaths from cirrhosis of the liver","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=293.51,298.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other synergistic effects and so 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million.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=308.32,311.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you know, the person who gave that response","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=311.06,314.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was thinking not of the woman, but of the fetus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=314.26,317.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The low was a negative number.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=319.72,321.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we didn't give anybody a negative number,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=321.84,325.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the scale started at one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=325.35,327.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we were dealing with experts here, people with PhDs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=329.53,334.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they felt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=334.18,335.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they had to educate this lowly sociologist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=335.08,338.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they gave me negative numbers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=338.15,340.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like nine times 10 to the minus four or 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risks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=359.94,364.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that gave me a very clear signal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=365.0,367.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we had better start looking at benefits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=367.25,370.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we were missing the boat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=370.33,372.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, you probably already figured out that not only Otway's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=373.31,377.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but Tiemann's and Slovic's and Star's research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=377.267,381.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a lot of problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=381.11,382.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The general problems were in sampling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=386.44,388.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"None of us took random samples,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=388.99,390.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Star didn't even sample people at all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=390.83,393.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he just went to the government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=393.0,394.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and asked for their statistics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=394.13,395.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the trouble with that we'll get into,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=395.63,398.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the methodology is that acceptability is very unclear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=398.54,403.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They didn't, nobody really studied benefits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=403.51,406.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they didn't take sociological factors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=406.24,408.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or psychological factors into account,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=408.48,410.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they didn't look at the context","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=410.75,412.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they didn't have any kind of measure of real action.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=412.94,415.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, you have a perception that something's bad,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=415.97,418.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does that mean you don't buy it or you don't do it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=418.43,420.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or you don't enjoy it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=420.77,422.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so you have a hard time Slovic actually came 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acceptable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=441.513,444.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we had great trouble inferring policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=444.46,448.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the kinds of results we got.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=448.47,450.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's look more particular at them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=450.55,453.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Star who took existing GNP data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=453.17,457.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and compared it with existing mortality data,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=457.68,460.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that kind of approach has a very essential flaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=461.61,465.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, it tends to solidify the status quo,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=465.71,469.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it doesn't enable any change to be made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=469.1,471.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it takes as given, what has happened in the past.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=471.66,476.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's making a lot of assumptions about behavior,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=476.77,479.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's assuming that there's a perfect market,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=479.7,481.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which there 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there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=487.02,489.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and assiduously compare every item on the market","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=489.48,493.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before coming to an informed 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two","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=498.25,500.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or three stores from which we could choose,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=500.08,502.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not all of which will have every product","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=502.07,504.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of every manufacturer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=505.49,507.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, and of course, in believing the data of GNP,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=507.53,511.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Star is overlooking the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=511.85,513.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that when you ask how many dollars are spent on 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costs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=522.06,526.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they're being added positively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=526.91,528.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause we have to clean something up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=528.95,530.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to build something more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=530.86,532.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that adds to the gross national 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good,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1002.77,1007.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was not very representative of the American public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1010.2,1013.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because while the national norms are that 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did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1019.61,1022.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we had a very overeducated population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1022.36,1026.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compared to the national norms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1026.84,1029.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a little research note","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1033.45,1035.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about being a woman and doing research,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1035.13,1038.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my partner at Yale, Gerald Gardner","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1038.31,1041.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who collected the data there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1041.81,1043.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"secured responses a hundred percent from males","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1044.72,1049.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and working in Schenectady,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1049.84,1052.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got responses 50% from males and 50% from females.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1052.5,1056.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I don't think the fact that I was a woman","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1056.79,1058.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had anything to do with that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1058.84,1060.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that just sort of happened but isn't it interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1061.97,1066.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The truth of the matter is he didn't look and I did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1067.1,1070.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I looked because I was concerned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1070.17,1072.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he didn't think that sex was an important variable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1072.51,1076.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's cause he's a psychologist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1076.15,1078.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we have a few more of these things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1083.84,1086.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to give you some statistics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1087.17,1089.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the further statistics on the demographics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1089.1,1092.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The national norms are that at that time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1094.6,1097.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is based on the national norms from 1970,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1097.25,1101.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you see that 37% of the people in the 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65,000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1117.2,1122.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that's because some of these were managers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1123.2,1125.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the high technology 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statistics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1133.52,1135.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, they were slightly different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1135.58,1139.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The college student 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norms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1147.13,1150.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you wouldn't get that many college kids.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1150.14,1152.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We found that a confidence in institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1154.61,1158.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was not very strong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1158.77,1163.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have here a cartoon showing Senator Fog 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representatives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1170.69,1174.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you have John Q. Public watching television","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1174.27,1176.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where Mickey mouse is on the screen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1176.93,1178.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he's even snoring at that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1178.61,1180.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's about the way our sample felt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1180.6,1183.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the institutional sectors of society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1183.11,1185.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had very low confidence in them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1185.43,1188.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) that with the exception of non-nuclear power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1189.421,1194.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was answered at the level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1194.02,1198.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"indicating that about the same as now is fine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1198.06,1200.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tighter restrictions and standards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1201.81,1203.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were desired on all of these things without 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desired,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1212.55,1216.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, handguns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1216.61,1218.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you find that automobile","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1219.93,1223.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and nuclear power are neck and neck","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1223.28,1224.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the genetic 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trouble,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1234.47,1239.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"putting these same results on a graph","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1239.4,1241.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that you can see them visually,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1241.55,1244.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here we have the response called the same,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1244.25,1249.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which turns out to be one standard deviation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1249.28,1254.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"below the mean of our sample.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1254.57,1256.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our sample desired stricter regulations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1256.05,1260.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can see that space exploration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1261.73,1264.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was about the only thing they were really quite happy with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1264.31,1267.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe that's because it wasn't really taking place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1267.61,1270.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Electric power was right at the one standard 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mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1280.3,1283.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but above the mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1283.95,1285.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where it says the same regulation ought to apply.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1285.41,1289.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Much stricter regulations were desired on pesticides,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1289.03,1292.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tobacco, nuclear weapons and handguns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1292.25,1295.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we broke down the nuclear power vote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1298.8,1302.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we found that the groups arrayed 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workers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1307.71,1312.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business people and technologists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1312.45,1315.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this nuclear power vote we recall,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1315.323,1318.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was we should not have any more nuclear power plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1318.14,1321.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we should not build any more until we have more 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experts'","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1370.43,1374.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and public's in risk evaluation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1374.19,1377.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Experts have a single dimension view of risks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1378.22,1380.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which depends only on the number of deaths,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1380.82,1383.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you see, they have come to believe their own rhetoric","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1383.72,1386.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there is a real risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1386.26,1387.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That real risk is the chance that you might die,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1387.82,1391.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they count noses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1391.06,1392.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The public has a very different view of risks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1393.53,1396.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's multi-dimensional, they consider the impacts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1396.04,1399.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"upon society now and in the future,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1399.39,1402.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they consider the potential for a real catastrophe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1402.44,1405.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they look at technology in a gut level way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1406.96,1411.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how much dread do they have for it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1411.06,1413.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they also take into account","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1413.3,1415.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the benefits that it presents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1415.12,1417.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the public, the policy implications are clear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1420.9,1425.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we try to educate the public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1427.327,1429.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're gonna completely miss the point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1429.44,1431.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because education is not the problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1431.36,1434.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a difference in perception","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1434.91,1436.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between experts and the public.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1436.47,1438.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think the public's view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1439.07,1440.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is complex, may ultimately be right,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1440.45,1443.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what I see happening is risk managers moving more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1443.12,1447.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the direction of the public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1447.07,1448.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than I see the public moving more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1448.45,1450.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the direction of the risk managers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1450.24,1452.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That means risk managers will have to bring more factors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1452.59,1456.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into their cost-benefit calculations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1456.06,1458.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now here is a cost benefit calculation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1458.96,1461.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"performed at general motors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1461.01,1463.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which tried to look at the risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1465.06,1469.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of a loss of life or impact on longevity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1469.0,1472.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of reducing a risk in terms of its cost.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1473.97,1477.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this very complex graph here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1477.43,1480.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is how if you were to spend 1 million a year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1480.62,1484.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where would you save lives?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1485.12,1487.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And how many would you save?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1487.72,1489.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And how much would you extend life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1489.16,1492.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this kind of very complex analysis is the sort of thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1492.11,1497.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that economists love to do, but it's meaningless","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1497.29,1500.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it doesn't tell the public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1501.46,1505.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything they want to know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1505.0,1506.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're not concerned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1506.94,1508.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with how much it costs to extend a life by one day","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1508.08,1512.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or by 10 days or by a hundred days a month or a year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1512.24,1515.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think if we have regulation by this kind of graph","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1517.07,1521.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are not going to get the public behind us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1522.86,1525.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The risk assessment process in the public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1527.3,1530.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"takes the form of leaning on experience,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1530.43,1533.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given our cognitive biases, it goes through our perceptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1533.86,1538.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and through our values, which lead to our evaluations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1538.89,1542.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Depending upon what those evaluations are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1543.48,1545.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we will comply with the regulations that exist or we won't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1545.69,1549.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if we comply with them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1549.97,1551.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and don't fight with the government,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1551.9,1553.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll have stability in our social system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1553.9,1557.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if the regulations are based on this kind of thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1557.26,1561.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the public doesn't understand it and doesn't believe it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1561.54,1564.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and doesn't accept it, we will not have stability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1564.12,1567.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we will not have public support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1567.41,1569.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I were to make an analogy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1571.12,1572.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the way that the experts have managed risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1572.79,1576.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the way the public would like it done,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1576.78,1579.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have had unintended consequences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1579.55,1582.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the social system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1582.33,1584.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here is a cartoon, which shows the experts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1584.38,1587.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to be helpful to society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1587.08,1590.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the guise of a prisoner in a dungeon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1590.47,1593.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you see he's miserable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1593.4,1594.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he's shackled with his arms and his legs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1594.72,1597.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and now the experts have come along","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1597.26,1599.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in an attempt to be kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1599.21,1601.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have cut the shackle to the leg,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1601.46,1603.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a great benefit, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1603.27,1606.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, it's a real help.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1606.21,1607.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I think the implication is clear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1612.616,1616.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that somebody has to back down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1616.58,1618.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the public gets its back up, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1618.8,1621.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The lack of support has really hurt the management of risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1622.6,1627.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think social research is important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1629.16,1631.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it provides an early warning of potential trouble.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1631.13,1634.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think social science really improves risk assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1635.24,1638.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it improves the risk management system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1638.79,1641.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In closing, I would like to just give you a brief look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1643.4,1648.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at how I have taken this social data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1648.37,1651.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and analyzing it mathematically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1651.65,1655.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have come up with something that's a first cut","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1655.02,1658.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at a technology assessment indicator.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1658.63,1660.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We find that people's perceptions vary, as I showed you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1661.82,1665.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some people see only risk, others see only benefit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1665.58,1669.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Technologies also have profiles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1672.53,1675.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on these qualitative factors, they differ from one another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1675.43,1679.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we have people different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1679.6,1681.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we have technologies different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1681.35,1683.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now these varying perceptions lead to varying policies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1684.27,1688.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can't have a uniform policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1688.76,1691.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the perceptions are not uniform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1691.33,1694.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reducing some risks will not change some benefit perceptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1694.33,1699.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the risks and benefits are independent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1699.01,1701.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for some technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1701.84,1703.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's not true for others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1704.27,1706.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some are linked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1706.22,1707.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So reducing other risks may increase other benefits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1707.72,1712.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or increasing benefits may reduce some risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1714.44,1717.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they may be linked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1717.69,1719.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in other cases, they're linked in a different way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1720.17,1723.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're linked positively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1723.03,1725.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and increasing benefits will increase risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1725.49,1729.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you see, we have at least three sets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1729.23,1731.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of policy implications from this analysis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1731.47,1734.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't think anybody has ever talked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1734.73,1737.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about that kind of implication of social research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1737.19,1741.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think life will always bring with its gifts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1743.07,1747.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a set of dilemmas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1747.42,1749.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One must call to establish a sturdy strain of plants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1749.45,1753.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know what we might've lost thereby,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1753.53,1756.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every choice has its consequences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1756.34,1759.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we often forget that no choice has its consequences too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1759.04,1762.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somebody once said that worry is the interest you pay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1763.66,1766.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on trouble before it comes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1766.3,1768.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think sociologists are worriers trying to understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1768.79,1771.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how social disasters occurred in the past","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1771.6,1774.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to establish mechanisms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1774.05,1775.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to avert their future occurrence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1775.84,1777.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there is a positive side to worry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1778.94,1781.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is exemplified by forethought.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1781.02,1783.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we learn how something works","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1783.49,1785.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can make it perform better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1785.29,1787.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what education","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1787.25,1788.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which all of you are engaged is about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1788.61,1790.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think with information derived from these studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1791.6,1794.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I foresee great progress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1794.91,1796.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in dealing with the anxieties of our age.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1796.65,1799.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if we can achieve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1799.7,1800.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a more balanced risk management approach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1800.82,1803.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then progress will be a reality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1803.55,1805.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1805.93,1806.988"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1806.988,1809.988"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll take questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1811.797,1813.464"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(man speaking inaudibly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1820.385,1823.802"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of them were professors at RPI,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1830.96,1833.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of them worked for Northeast Utilities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1835.07,1838.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of them were from independent companies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1840.24,1843.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they had advanced degrees in science and engineering.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1845.6,1850.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then others of them came from GE.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1850.65,1853.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(speaking inaudibly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1854.768,1857.851"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pardon?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=1858.69,1859.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh, I'm saying Chem \u0026amp; Engineering News is a trade 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another,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2155.02,2157.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they don't see any danger,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2157.13,2158.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they never saw any danger in the release","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2158.58,2160.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the gases at the power plants and so forth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2160.69,2164.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but public animus towards this or public insecurity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2164.55,2169.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the effects has caused them all to back off","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2169.4,2172.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's been very expensive for them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2172.74,2175.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Money is what makes that particular world go around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2176.68,2180.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's a powerful educational force.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2180.84,2184.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, that last statement you had made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2187.455,2189.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that money makes the world go round.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2189.643,2191.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something that you haven't addressed at all in this lecture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2191.74,2196.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and measuring risks versus benefits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2196.46,2199.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to what degree, the profit motive works in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2201.21,2204.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and whether in fact public input does have strong impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2204.82,2209.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on what developments or new technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2211.76,2215.948"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seems in a lot of cases that the atomic technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2215.948,2220.365"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is unresponsive completely to what the public deems fit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2221.36,2226.087"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I guess we have a fundamental disagreement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2227.66,2230.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the profit motive largely drives people's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2233.3,2238.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as corporations' behavior does not also mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2238.96,2243.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that corporations are not responsive to public pressures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2243.76,2247.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because their market sector is determined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2247.5,2250.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the public response.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2250.66,2252.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if the public response is negative,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2252.03,2254.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is no profit there for them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2254.42,2257.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many corporations have taken different routes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2258.48,2262.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to handling risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2262.03,2263.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some for example have decided not to be primary sources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2263.47,2268.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for risky technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2268.54,2270.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have decided to become second sources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2270.1,2273.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, they will manufacture the components","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2273.21,2277.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which they will then sell to the companies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2277.28,2279.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which will market them in products.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2279.59,2282.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they themselves have made a business decision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2282.0,2284.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not to be the manufacturer of the consumer end-use product.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2284.46,2289.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that's a business decision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2290.71,2292.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has great implications for them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2292.1,2294.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Suppose they spent 20 years developing some technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2294.05,2298.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then licensed it to other companies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2298.25,2301.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make the huge rewards that come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2301.76,2303.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from developing the end-use product.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2303.92,2306.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see, that had a real financial consequence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2306.43,2309.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for that firm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2309.78,2310.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e What about this example?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2315.55,2317.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you consider the turnover time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2318.94,2321.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of raw or not raw material,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2322.84,2325.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but machinery in technology for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2325.29,2328.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the fact that it, over the past several decades","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2328.6,2332.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has gotten increasingly short,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2332.81,2334.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such that machinery turns over more rapidly now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2334.93,2339.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to introduce the new technology again, which is in a sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2339.58,2344.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are just the working of a capitalist economy I suppose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2344.997,2349.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that that is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2350.47,2353.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it speeds up the turnover time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2357.66,2359.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then in effect, it is a (indistinct) life,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2359.82,2363.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you might call a planned obsolescence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2363.85,2366.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that isn't something that the public wants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2366.39,2371.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think if you can measure it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2371.04,2372.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sure it could be measured.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2372.92,2374.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm not sure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2375.87,2376.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how your question relates to risk per se.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2376.703,2379.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're just asking a sort of a general question about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2379.82,2383.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah I suppose and how that fits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2383.05,2385.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how do you fit those kinds of things into your theory?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2385.3,2388.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, we're talking about risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2389.35,2391.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that sort of doesn't fit into risk is what I'm saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2391.53,2395.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm perfectly willing to deal with your question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2397.0,2401.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's not a risk question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2401.19,2403.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a question about well, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2403.13,2405.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know that we have a shortage of the raw materials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2411.12,2415.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for developing the technological infrastructure of a plant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2415.533,2420.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have not had an attitude","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2421.4,2425.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we ought to develop machinery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2425.33,2428.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that can easily be adjusted and changed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2428.22,2431.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for new devices or new products.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2431.15,2434.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, it takes Detroit years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2434.7,2437.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to change its production line.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2437.81,2440.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It does not take other countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2440.02,2442.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other companies so long as it pays to Detroit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2442.92,2445.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that's because we had a zeitgeist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2445.96,2448.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which said, \"Well let's build it perfectly, to last forever,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2448.93,2453.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we're gonna make the world move our way.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2453.48,2456.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It just so happened that the world changed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2456.0,2458.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of our industries are finding out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2458.73,2460.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they had better run and catch up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2460.75,2463.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but our industrial plants are working at 70% of capacity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2463.14,2468.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not because there's shortage of supplies and raw materials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2468.61,2473.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but because there's a shortage of demand for the products.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2473.5,2476.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e I wonder if you can give a quick analysis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2481.565,2483.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the current perception of risk in coal mining,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2483.12,2485.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hear two quite different stories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2485.96,2487.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming from the government and from the union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2487.47,2489.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Well I'm speaking off the top of my head here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2492.18,2496.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The people that I had talked to in government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2496.96,2498.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were very concerned about the coal mine safety,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2498.9,2501.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because while the largest bulk of industry production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2501.9,2506.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comes from a few very large firms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2507.04,2512.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the government can control,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2512.61,2514.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it can regulate large firms because they're big","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2514.68,2517.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and powerful and it can get nasty with them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2517.33,2519.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because being big and powerful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2519.55,2521.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're tough enough to take it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2521.85,2523.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the majority of firms are mom and pop mines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2523.88,2527.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where standards are terrible by any human considerations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2527.16,2532.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's very hard to regulate them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2532.74,2534.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's almost like the federal revenues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2534.55,2537.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are coming after the distilleries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2537.6,2539.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up in the hills to go after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2539.39,2540.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of these little mom and pop coal mines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2540.77,2542.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they take helicopters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2542.72,2544.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to cite the violations there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2544.43,2548.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they are very marginal operations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2548.44,2551.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they would fall,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2551.8,2553.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the government doesn't really know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2553.16,2554.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how to manage the situation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2554.57,2556.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's caught in its own ideology of the 19th century","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2556.42,2560.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and trying to deal with current reality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=2560.93,2563.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a tough nut to 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21172/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/172/original/AV203250_Dilemma_of_an_Anxious_Age_B.vtt?1608541963","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/172/original/AV203250_Dilemma_of_an_Anxious_Age_B.vtt?1608541963"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21173","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203250_Dilemma_of_an_Anxious_Age_B.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442/transcript/21173/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Speaker] And in red. Now, there's one artifact in this and that is that I provided people with an anchor point. Out of these 30 technologies or activities, I gave the number 50,000 annual fatalities for motor vehicles, that being the current number and that served as an anchor. And then they were asked to rank everything. They didn't have any numbers for anything else. So having given them that number, you can see that the motor vehicle rankings went way up. I'm sure that was greatly influenced by my giving them that number. You'll notice that these technologists do spread all over the place on nuclear power, but they tend to fall in the lower end. Whereas non-nuclear power which is primarily coal-fired plants had a much heavier spread in the upper reaches. And the others are, as you see them. Some of these follow a more or less normal distribution, others are quite to peaked at one end or the other. The Schenectady area is an area of great hunting enthusiasm, so I was surprised to see handguns rated as negatively as they were, because we have no luck with gun control in that neck of the woods. Now this is the logarithm of the death estimates, and that was valuable. It was valuable to do the study just to obtain that fact because that fed right into the Yale study that was performed later, the fact that people do think in log scales about deaths. Again, you have the artifact, that despite the fact that I gave the number 50,000 two people, we had a couple of respondents who crossed it out and wrote their own estimates in even so, which just goes to show you no matter how carefully you do your surveys, people are gonna be people. And you'll also notice that if we take this again, this is the high end and this is the low end, you see the curve for nuclear power is skewed to the left, for non-nuclear it is pretty much in the middle, bicycle riding is pretty log normal and so forth. I will show you some of the numbers on that 'cause that's kind of interesting. We have here a supposedly, a correct number of deaths that can be attributed. This is the government statistics on what the correct number is. You call Washington up and say, \"Hello, sir, I'm interested in finding out just how many people are really killed by bicycle riding every year.\" And there is an expert in Washington who'll tell you that number. These are the guesses of the technologists in Schenectady, the highs are in thousands and the lows are absolute values. So bicycle riding, somebody estimated a high of 40,000 deaths per year, and the low was five, the median was 1050, and the supposedly correct number is a thousand. What was very interesting to me about conducting this research was the fact that after I handed the questionnaires out, these were all anonymous and I had no idea who was sending them back. They just arrive in my box, you know, A.R Tiemann and suitably marked up, but people would drop by the office and they'd say, yeah, \"What's the correct number?\" You know, it was a matter of desperation, they wanted to know what the correct number was while they granted, that the correct number was perception and not real, yet they wanted to know what the correct number was. Well, you can draw your own conclusions from those numbers that you see there. These are the medium variation figures, then the other part of the technologies and activities gave us rather a large variation. For example, alcoholic beverages were said to either kill a million people a year or only a hundred people a year, the median was 25,000, the supposedly correct number is a hundred thousand when you count up all the deaths from cirrhosis of the liver and other synergistic effects and so forth. We had an interesting response to contraceptives. The high was again, a million. And you know, the person who gave that response was thinking not of the woman, but of the fetus. The low was a negative number. Now we didn't give anybody a negative number, the scale started at one, but we were dealing with experts here, people with PhDs, and they felt that they had to educate this lowly sociologist, so they gave me negative numbers like nine times 10 to the minus four or something. And I had great fun converting all those to real numbers. The same thing happened with things like antibiotics, surgery, and vaccinations and x-rays where people had a vested interest in seeing the benefits. So since this research only looked at risks, that gave me a very clear signal that we had better start looking at benefits because we were missing the boat. Well, you probably already figured out that not only Otway's but Tiemann's and Slovic's and Star's research had a lot of problems. The general problems were in sampling. None of us took random samples, Star didn't even sample people at all, he just went to the government and asked for their statistics. And the trouble with that we'll get into, the methodology is that acceptability is very unclear. They didn't, nobody really studied benefits and they didn't take sociological factors or psychological factors into account, they didn't look at the context and they didn't have any kind of measure of real action. I mean, you have a perception that something's bad, does that mean you don't buy it or you don't do it or you don't enjoy it. And so you have a hard time Slovic actually came up with some numbers about acceptability but I don't exactly know how to translate that you need five units of safety of a car to change it into something acceptable. So we had great trouble inferring policy from the kinds of results we got. Let's look more particular at them. Star who took existing GNP data and compared it with existing mortality data, that kind of approach has a very essential flaw. First of all, it tends to solidify the status quo, it doesn't enable any change to be made because it takes as given, what has happened in the past. That's making a lot of assumptions about behavior, it's assuming that there's a perfect market, which there isn't, and it's assuming that all of us are gung-ho Adam Smith economic people who go out there and assiduously compare every item on the market before coming to an informed decision when we live here in the middle of a place that might have two or three stores from which we could choose, not all of which will have every product of every manufacturer. So, and of course, in believing the data of GNP, Star is overlooking the fact that when you ask how many dollars are spent on something you are including cleanup costs and internalized costs and all kinds of other things, which are negative costs but they're being added positively 'cause we have to clean something up, you have to build something more so that adds to the gross national product even though it's a disamenity instead of a positive amenity. Slovic, omits social factors, he studied college students, league of women voters and so on. And so he doesn't really have a population distribution. He didn't have any action measure and his risk and benefit metric gives no policy guidance 'cause we don't know what to do with the raw number, we haven't got any scale that it fits on. Otway similarly and Tiemann similarly. So a group of us at Yale including a public health epidemiologist a social psychologist, three sociologists, one of whom was myself and I also wear the hat of psychologist from time to time. And we originally had a nuclear physicist on our panel but he was too disruptive and we got rid of him 'cause he knew too much. We worked on a new model in which we said that the way technologies are perceived is a function of a variety of characteristics, your background, yourself how you perceive risks, how you estimate fatalities, whatever particular problems you have in your mind what your attitudes are, how much information you have, all of these feed into your perceived benefits and risks, each of which then adds up to some sort of acceptability function, which finally leads you in the best of all possible worlds to take action. And we went out and we got, we purposefully sampled so as to secure people who were from the student class, who were from the blue collar class, who are business people, who were technologists and who were environmentalists. And these 360 people were split between the New Haven and the Schenectady New York areas. So that we had both members from Yale's college in the liberal arts and sociology classes, and then I went to RPI, the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and got some scientist students so that we'd have a student sample that was very balanced. And then we went and asked people about their attitudes, how much confidence they had in groups and organizations, and this was the format of the question, and these were some of the things, these were some of the social entities that we asked them their attitudes towards. The Food and Drug Administration, the National Highway Transportation Safety Authority, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Department of Energy, US Public Health Service and so forth. And in order to ascertain action, we asked the question like this, people do many things to make their feelings known on issues that concern them. Have you ever written or phoned or sent a telegram contributed money, voted, taken part in a lawsuit, signed or circulated petitions and so forth, boycotted products. We also had a role-play question in which we ask people to consider three equally qualified candidates, equally attractive, they vote for them in a moment, they differed in only one way. Candidate A said all nuclear power plants should be shut down and no more should be built, candidate B says all currently operating nuclear plants should continue, but that no more should be built until their safety risks are understood better, and candidates C says that all currently operating plants should continue and that more plants should be built. And then we ask them to vote for one of the three or to say whether they'd be equally likely or would not choose any one of those candidates. Now, we found that subjective factors just like Slovic had found were important to our respondents. However, we found something interesting. We found that pro nuclear technologists from the New Haven and the Schenectady areas wanted stricter regulation on nuclear plants as well as other technologies. And the public, in our sample wanted nuclear power expanded to meet energy needs. We learned of the importance of values in risk assessment because people's backgrounds and values seem to describe two different sets. There were pro-establishment institutions and authority, people who supported the CIA, people who supported the Department of Energy, people who supported the Department of Defense. And then there were your other people who were in favor of the Natural Resources Defense Council and consumer organizations and public interest groups. So we concluded that the value polarity underlying the differences between these two sets may indeed underlie the policy polarity. That is, there are people we could call conventionals who support progress, high technology and nuclear power, and then there are people who we call emergents who support conservation, alternative energy sources and who oppose nuclear power. One of the reasons why we focus so much on energy and power issues here, was because part of the funding for this research came from Northeast Utilities a consortium of utility companies in Northwestern Connecticut and Massachusetts, 60% of which is nuclear power plant. Because of the correlations between their answers, if they supported things like the Department of Defense, they tended to be much more pro-nuclear than they were if they supported the Natural Resources Defense Council. Pardon. Because we had a series of questions on technologies asking their risks and their benefits. And the people then gave very high risks and very low benefits to certain high technologies. And they can concomitantly supported alternative and soft technology. I'll show you, I can show you the question after. Unfortunately, our purposeful sample was not very good, it was not very representative of the American public because while the national norms are that 71% of the people have high school or less education only 16% of our people did. So we had a very overeducated population compared to the national norms. This is a little research note about being a woman and doing research, my partner at Yale, Gerald Gardner who collected the data there, secured responses a hundred percent from males and working in Schenectady, I got responses 50% from males and 50% from females. Now, I don't think the fact that I was a woman had anything to do with that. I think that just sort of happened but isn't it interesting. The truth of the matter is he didn't look and I did. And I looked because I was concerned, he didn't think that sex was an important variable. That's cause he's a psychologist. Well, we have a few more of these things to give you some statistics on the further statistics on the demographics. The national norms are that at that time, this is based on the national norms from 1970, you see that 37% of the people in the nation earn less than 15,000, whereas only 12% of our respondents did. And that 30% of our respondents earned over 25K a year which is, and 8% of them even earned over 65,000 but that's because some of these were managers of the high technology company which is known to be generous so that affected. Our marital statistics, well, they were slightly different. The college student population would have affected the fact that 30% of them had never been married 'cause on your national norms you wouldn't get that many college kids. We found that a confidence in institutions was not very strong. You have here a cartoon showing Senator Fog Bottom representing national institutions sounding off in front of zillions of media representatives, and you have John Q. Public watching television where Mickey mouse is on the screen, and he's even snoring at that. That's about the way our sample felt about the institutional sectors of society, had very low confidence in them. that with the exception of non-nuclear power, which was answered at the level indicating that about the same as now is fine, tighter restrictions and standards were desired on all of these things without exception. For some technologies, very strict restrictions were desired, for example, handguns. But you find that automobile and nuclear power are neck and neck and the genetic engineering is a problem waiting to burst upon the scene. I predict that our present comfort with genetic engineering will evaporate at the slightest sign of trouble, putting these same results on a graph so that you can see them visually, here we have the response called the same, which turns out to be one standard deviation below the mean of our sample. Our sample desired stricter regulations. And you can see that space exploration was about the only thing they were really quite happy with, maybe that's because it wasn't really taking place. Electric power was right at the one standard deviation below tractors and saccharin, bicycles, vaccinations, power mowers and cosmetics were below our sample mean, but above the mean where it says the same regulation ought to apply. Much stricter regulations were desired on pesticides, tobacco, nuclear weapons and handguns. When we broke down the nuclear power vote, we found that the groups arrayed themselves almost in a linear scale, going students, environmentalists, blue collar workers, business people and technologists, and this nuclear power vote we recall, was we should not have any more nuclear power plants, we should not build any more until we have more information and we should go ahead and build many more. And you can see the balance point shifting across this if we put this column over here where it belongs from the students who have a very much wait-and-see attitude to the technologists who are gung ho. And the technologists that were sampled were not nuclear engineers, they were just scientists in general, although there were some who were nuclear engineers but they weren't the preponderance. There are differences between the experts' and public's in risk evaluation. Experts have a single dimension view of risks, which depends only on the number of deaths, you see, they have come to believe their own rhetoric that there is a real risk. That real risk is the chance that you might die, so they count noses. The public has a very different view of risks, it's multi-dimensional, they consider the impacts upon society now and in the future, they consider the potential for a real catastrophe, they look at technology in a gut level way, how much dread do they have for it? And they also take into account the benefits that it presents. I think the public, the policy implications are clear. If we try to educate the public we're gonna completely miss the point because education is not the problem, it's a difference in perception between experts and the public. And I think the public's view which is complex, may ultimately be right, and what I see happening is risk managers moving more in the direction of the public than I see the public moving more in the direction of the risk managers. That means risk managers will have to bring more factors into their cost-benefit calculations. Now here is a cost benefit calculation performed at general motors, which tried to look at the risks in terms of a loss of life or impact on longevity of reducing a risk in terms of its cost. So this very complex graph here is how if you were to spend 1 million a year, where would you save lives? And how many would you save? And how much would you extend life? And this kind of very complex analysis is the sort of thing that economists love to do, but it's meaningless because it doesn't tell the public anything they want to know. They're not concerned with how much it costs to extend a life by one day or by 10 days or by a hundred days a month or a year. And I think if we have regulation by this kind of graph we are not going to get the public behind us. The risk assessment process in the public takes the form of leaning on experience, given our cognitive biases, it goes through our perceptions and through our values, which lead to our evaluations. Depending upon what those evaluations are we will comply with the regulations that exist or we won't. And if we comply with them and don't fight with the government, we'll have stability in our social system. And if the regulations are based on this kind of thing and the public doesn't understand it and doesn't believe it and doesn't accept it, we will not have stability because we will not have public support. If I were to make an analogy between the way that the experts have managed risk and the way the public would like it done, they have had unintended consequences for the social system. Here is a cartoon, which shows the experts trying to be helpful to society in the guise of a prisoner in a dungeon. And you see he's miserable because he's shackled with his arms and his legs, and now the experts have come along and in an attempt to be kind have cut the shackle to the leg, which is a great benefit, right? I mean, it's a real help. Well, I think the implication is clear that somebody has to back down when the public gets its back up, right? The lack of support has really hurt the management of risk. I think social research is important because it provides an early warning of potential trouble. And I think social science really improves risk assessment and it improves the risk management system. In closing, I would like to just give you a brief look at how I have taken this social data and analyzing it mathematically, have come up with something that's a first cut at a technology assessment indicator. We find that people's perceptions vary, as I showed you. Some people see only risk, others see only benefit. Technologies also have profiles on these qualitative factors, they differ from one another. So we have people different and we have technologies different. Now these varying perceptions lead to varying policies. We can't have a uniform policy because the perceptions are not uniform. Reducing some risks will not change some benefit perceptions because the risks and benefits are independent for some technologies. That's not true for others. Some are linked. So reducing other risks may increase other benefits or increasing benefits may reduce some risks because they may be linked. But in other cases, they're linked in a different way, they're linked positively and increasing benefits will increase risks. So you see, we have at least three sets of policy implications from this analysis. And I don't think anybody has ever talked about that kind of implication of social research. I think life will always bring with its gifts, a set of dilemmas. One must call to establish a sturdy strain of plants. I don't know what we might've lost thereby, every choice has its consequences but we often forget that no choice has its consequences too. Somebody once said that worry is the interest you pay on trouble before it comes. I think sociologists are worriers trying to understand how social disasters occurred in the past in order to establish mechanisms to avert their future occurrence. But there is a positive side to worry, which is exemplified by forethought. When we learn how something works we can make it perform better. That's what education in which all of you are engaged is about. I think with information derived from these studies I foresee great progress in dealing with the anxieties of our age. And if we can achieve a more balanced risk management approach then progress will be a reality. Thank you. I'll take questions. Some of them were professors at RPI, some of them worked for Northeast Utilities, some of them were from independent companies where they had advanced degrees in science and engineering. And then others of them came from GE. Pardon? Oh, I'm saying Chem \u0026 Engineering News is a trade journal, and so when it looks at regulation, it looks at the negative impact of regulation upon the profit sector of the chemical engineering industry. And it will tend to not satirize, but give a sardonic twist to it's reportage. You know, which makes you one of the boys who you know about how the public is. That kind of thing exerts a subtle biasing effect upon the way that you as a chemical engineer might look at risks. We actually did check their level of knowledge, it was abysmal. That is to say, we checked specifically because this study was done in conjunction with Northeast Utilities. We check specifically their information about energy and factors relating to energy production and consumption. They did not know the answers. Neither did the technologists independent of Northeast Utilities. The only people who knew the answers to those questions were the people in the energy industries themselves. They were not just as ignorant but they were certainly ignorant by the standards of Northeast Utilities. I think it's very difficult to try to educate the public until we have really A, random sample of the public and their attitudes towards these issues, which are volatile and change. I'm sure that if we did this study today that there would be differences. One of our problems in social science is that we think snapshots are moving pictures and they're not, we imbue snapshot-type research with a lot of power that it simply doesn't have. And we would need to sample over cycles and control for economic factors and the variety of other factors to really be able to do something as a basis for providing an educational program. The experts are unidimensional. That in fact is what is happening as a result of public anomie. You see the public is a driving force for the experts because if the public won't go there's nothing the experts can do to pull them. The experts said, \"We're gonna have seatbelt interlocks so that you can't start your car until you've got your seatbelt on.\" And people got so angry at having to put their seatbelt on in order to open their garage door and drive their car in the garage that they were doing terrible things to those systems and the government had to back down. I mean, the experts just had the back off and they removed that requirement from automobiles. Similarly, no one in the nuclear industry thinks that there's any reason not to start up all the components at nuclear power plants that have been shut down for one reason or another, they don't see any danger, they never saw any danger in the release of the gases at the power plants and so forth but public animus towards this or public insecurity about the effects has caused them all to back off and that's been very expensive for them. Money is what makes that particular world go around. So it's a powerful educational force.\r\n\r\n- [Man] Oh, that last statement you had made that money makes the world go round. Something that you haven't addressed at all in this lecture and measuring risks versus benefits, to what degree, the profit motive works in and whether in fact public input does have strong impact on what developments or new technologies. It seems in a lot of cases that the atomic technology is unresponsive completely to what the public deems fit.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Well, I guess we have a fundamental disagreement that the profit motive largely drives people's as well as corporations' behavior does not also mean that corporations are not responsive to public pressures because their market sector is determined by the public response. And if the public response is negative, there is no profit there for them. Many corporations have taken different routes to handling risk. Some for example have decided not to be primary sources for risky technologies. They have decided to become second sources. In other words, they will manufacture the components which they will then sell to the companies which will market them in products. But they themselves have made a business decision not to be the manufacturer of the consumer end-use product. Now that's a business decision which has great implications for them. Suppose they spent 20 years developing some technology and then licensed it to other companies to make the huge rewards that come from developing the end-use product. You see, that had a real financial consequence for that firm.\r\n\r\n- [Man] What about this example? When you consider the turnover time of raw or not raw material, but machinery in technology for example, and the fact that it, over the past several decades has gotten increasingly short, such that machinery turns over more rapidly now to introduce the new technology again, which is in a sense, are just the working of a capitalist economy I suppose. And that that is, it speeds up the turnover time and then in effect, it is a life, what you might call a planned obsolescence. And that isn't something that the public wants, I don't think if you can measure it, I'm sure it could be measured.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] I'm not sure how your question relates to risk per se. You're just asking a sort of a general question about.\r\n\r\n- [Man] Yeah I suppose and how that fits, how do you fit those kinds of things into your theory?\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Well, we're talking about risks that sort of doesn't fit into risk is what I'm saying, but I'm perfectly willing to deal with your question, but it's not a risk question. It's a question about well, okay. I don't know that we have a shortage of the raw materials for developing the technological infrastructure of a plant. We have not had an attitude that we ought to develop machinery that can easily be adjusted and changed for new devices or new products. I mean, it takes Detroit years to change its production line. It does not take other countries and other companies so long as it pays to Detroit but that's because we had a zeitgeist, which said, \"Well let's build it perfectly, to last forever, and we're gonna make the world move our way.\" It just so happened that the world changed and some of our industries are finding out that they had better run and catch up but our industrial plants are working at 70% of capacity. Not because there's shortage of supplies and raw materials but because there's a shortage of demand for the products.\r\n\r\n- [Man] I wonder if you can give a quick analysis of the current perception of risk in coal mining, I hear two quite different stories coming from the government and from the union.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Well I'm speaking off the top of my head here. The people that I had talked to in government were very concerned about the coal mine safety, because while the largest bulk of industry production comes from a few very large firms where the government can control, it can regulate large firms because they're big and powerful and it can get nasty with them because being big and powerful they're tough enough to take it. But the majority of firms are mom and pop mines where standards are terrible by any human considerations. And it's very hard to regulate them, and it's almost like the federal revenues are coming after the distilleries up in the hills to go after some of these little mom and pop coal mines. And they take helicopters trying to cite the violations there, but they are very marginal operations and they would fall, and the government doesn't really know how to manage the situation, it's caught in its own ideology of the 19th century and trying to deal with current reality. It's a tough nut to crack.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34595/file/103442#t=0.0,2585.02531"}]}]}]}