{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/ft8df6ks24/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Reynoldson, W. Ward, The State Constitution Vs. The Federal Constitution"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203653 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["The State Constitution Vs. The Federal Constitution is a February 12, 1987 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring W. Ward Reynoldson. W. Ward Reynoldson discusses the requirement of state courts to interpret both the state and federal","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/120/265/small/lecture.png?1627045902","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 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presentation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=7.49,8.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the 1987 Institute On National Affairs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=8.9,12.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before I introduce this afternoon's speaker,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=12.06,14.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would like to draw your attention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=14.17,15.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the rest of the day's schedule.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=15.53,17.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At 3:00 PM here in the gallery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=17.33,18.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roxanne Connor will address the role","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=18.85,21.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of civil justice in a democratic society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=21.09,23.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ramsey Clark will discuss the Ethical Presidency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=23.95,26.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at 8:00 PM in the Sun Room.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=26.37,28.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is now my honor and great privilege","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=28.38,30.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to introduce to you Chief Justice W. Ward Reynoldson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=30.85,34.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chief Justice Reynoldson has served as chief justice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=34.67,37.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Iowa Supreme Court since August of 1978.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=37.17,40.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He graduated from the University of Iowa Law School","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=40.92,43.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1948 and was a practicing lawyer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=43.09,45.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with an emphasis in trial work before becoming a member","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=45.65,48.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Iowa Supreme Court in May of 1971.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=48.46,52.706"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is currently director of the American Judicature Society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=52.706,55.812"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a past president of both","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=55.812,58.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Conference of Chief Justices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=58.14,59.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the National Center For State Courts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=59.7,62.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Williamsburg, Virginia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=62.05,63.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is now my pleasure to present Chief Justice Reynoldson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=63.67,66.486"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=66.486,69.569"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you, Lisa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=72.5,73.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can I do this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=78.4,79.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm short.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=81.57,82.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Barbara Mac's invitation to join you today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=84.23,87.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was irresistible because I really wanted to come up here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=87.81,91.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and find out just how a good lawyer could teach journalism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=91.767,96.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because you know in legal 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10","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=103.47,107.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the first one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=107.28,108.468"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=120.52,123.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know that she's perfectly capable of retaliating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=123.35,126.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for what I just 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decision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=211.677,213.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"or on the want of a prosecute order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=213.637,216.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Citizens of the USSR are guaranteed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=216.467,220.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"inviolability of the home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=220.037,222.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"No one may, without lawful grounds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=222.627,224.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"enter the home against the will of those residing in it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=224.977,228.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The privacy of citizens and the other 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Constitution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=245.93,248.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then how is it, we ask,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=248.323,251.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that millions upon multiplied millions of Russian","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=251.027,255.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political and ethnic prisoners have died","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=255.05,258.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in what Solzhenitsyn, in his 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system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=262.795,266.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And why during all of these years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=266.06,268.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has the Soviet Constitution been an impotent piece of 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world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=281.53,283.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The great ideals of liberty and equality,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=285.207,288.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wrote justice Benjamin Cardozo,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=288.4,291.327"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"are preserved against the assaults of opportunism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=291.327,294.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"the expediency of the passing 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patience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=299.667,303.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"with general principles by enshrining them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=303.427,306.387"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"in constitutions and by 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unpopular.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=314.32,318.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When tyranny overpowers a nation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=319.89,322.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we always observe that the independent 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Eldricken,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=342.03,344.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps best capsulated it when he wrote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=344.8,348.327"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"It is also true and not generally 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writer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=589.616,592.405"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"noted 150 years ago that scarcely a political question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=592.405,597.405"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arises in the United States that cannot be 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candidate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1256.026,1258.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the other party.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1258.76,1259.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And under that proposed change,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1259.88,1263.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it clearly will be possible for the governor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1263.23,1265.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make mistakes in appointments, and tragic ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1265.54,1269.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I suggest that if this constitutional amendment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1269.12,1271.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is adopted, it will encourage others whose ultimate 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politics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1278.08,1280.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, let's ask JAR, a Senate Joint Resolution 2002","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1280.77,1284.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"laid quietly, and we hope forgotten in the Senate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1285.65,1288.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until late in the session last year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1288.89,1291.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then despite our attempts to head it 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vehicle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1298.53,1300.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to require gender to be considered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1300.77,1303.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the selection of commissioners.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1303.3,1305.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the resolution was amended to so provide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1305.26,1308.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course there was nothing in the 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judges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1324.4,1327.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And despite our hurried resistance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1327.47,1329.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the resolution passed both 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voters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1334.41,1335.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the resolution is so framed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1335.86,1339.044"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the constitutional amendment that will be 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out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1346.37,1349.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as we so often see with proposed legislation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1349.04,1352.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those words will simply be deleted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1352.49,1355.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And without understanding what has happened,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1355.45,1357.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the voters will see neither the 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2002,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1362.96,1365.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we'll have another number this year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1365.54,1367.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Supreme Court's opposition is not to 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Kensinger,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1474.449,1478.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"president of Templeton College at Oxford University","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1478.49,1480.838"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said last spring at the Buena Vista college 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all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1556.28,1560.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And appropriate here is something that John Gardner","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1560.143,1563.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once wrote, entitled \"A Nation Is Never 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pyramids.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1570.86,1573.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has to be built and rebuilt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1573.09,1575.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has to be recreated in each generation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1575.92,1579.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by believing, caring men and women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1579.27,1582.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is now our turn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1582.48,1584.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we don't believe, or we don't care, nothing can save us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1584.24,1589.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we believe and care, nothing can stop us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1589.24,1593.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1593.49,1595.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1607.16,1609.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm willing to do that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1609.35,1610.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as long as she let me take the Fifth from time to time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1610.27,1614.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are there questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1614.16,1615.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1616.55,1617.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of interest groups are at play here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1617.983,1619.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the business of the Senate resolution you spoke of?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1619.66,1623.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Clearly you yourself, and I'm sure many of the others","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1624.51,1627.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the bench are opposed to going back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1627.787,1630.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to partisan politics that selected our judges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1630.73,1634.346"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are there recognizable groups that are here on this matter?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1634.346,1639.346"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That are promoting it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1639.43,1640.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only discernible factors that we could see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1651.07,1654.942"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last session, until the gender amendment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1654.942,1659.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got on there, was that it was sort of a political fight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1659.27,1664.014"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the the Democrat controlled legislature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1664.014,1667.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Republican controlled executive branch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1667.98,1671.881"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in making comments in this, I'm not,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1671.881,1674.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I want to be very careful to 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violation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1681.563,1683.075"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the governor's appointments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1683.075,1684.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's is something that may have to be determined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1687.381,1689.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other side, it sort of slid through there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1689.037,1693.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so fast that there wasn't really much of a chance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1693.74,1696.774"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the League Of Women Voters, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1696.774,1699.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was very instrumental in putting that reform in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1699.51,1704.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the first place for them to react","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1704.23,1706.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the present time. I think more people are aware of it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1709.6,1714.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although I'm not sure how many.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1714.12,1715.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know that the people in legal circles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1715.67,1719.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Bar Association, the Judges Association,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1719.52,1721.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Supreme Court unanimously,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1721.86,1723.772"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people that, that have really been involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1723.772,1726.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that reform and watched it operate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1726.83,1729.016"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are very concerned about this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1729.016,1732.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member speaking faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1733.206,1735.364"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are there any other questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1735.364,1737.094"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, Ma'am","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1737.094,1738.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I was interested in your discussion briefly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1738.03,1740.478"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about supremacy clause.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1740.478,1743.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm wondering if you could tell us a little bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1743.037,1745.336"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about some of the issues that come up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1745.336,1747.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to where states are deciding issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1747.427,1750.669"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the federal system or issues that are not yet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1750.669,1753.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"passed or adopted by the reform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1755.026,1757.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, well of course, the framers at the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1757.51,1760.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the question is about the supremacy clause","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1761.507,1763.144"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what effect it has on the decisions made by state judges","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1763.144,1768.144"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that might ultimately go over into the federal system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1769.5,1772.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the framers, at the time, well knew that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1772.56,1777.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in fact they didn't even have a court at the time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1779.277,1780.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were framing the constitution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1780.57,1784.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when they did, it was a very sketchy sort of a thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1784.41,1789.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there were even, I'm sure more than 96%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1789.933,1794.339"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the cases then were being tried by the state judges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1794.339,1798.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If there is a federal question involved,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1800.12,1803.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it usually can pass, even though it has gone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1804.7,1808.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the highest state court over into the federal system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1808.33,1811.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we see that continually in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1811.43,1814.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and particularly in our criminal cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1814.243,1817.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they raise certain rights","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1817.67,1820.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the United States Constitution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1820.27,1822.108"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our rulings are finalist to any state constitutional issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1822.108,1827.108"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if there is a federal constitutional issue raised,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1827.55,1830.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then it can be processed over into the federal system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1830.91,1835.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we're second guessed over there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1835.19,1838.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And once in a while, reversed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1838.96,1841.229"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although in the main, our decisions are upheld","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1841.229,1846.229"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the federal court and frequently there are claims","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1846.37,1850.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made over there that are rejected summarily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1852.17,1855.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after it has been fully adjudicated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1855.29,1857.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the state court system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1857.12,1858.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Does that respond to your question?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1858.84,1860.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm talking about those specific issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1860.08,1862.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are bubbling up now or the issues that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1862.05,1864.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member speaking faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1864.59,1867.451"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the new year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1867.451,1868.868"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Issues that you ruled on are now perhaps,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1869.917,1871.789"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the federal court.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1871.789,1873.539"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I can't think of one right now that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1874.72,1878.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have involved over there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1878.7,1882.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other than these criminal cases that I'm talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1882.15,1885.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think, a recent case that did get over there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1885.1,1888.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and clear on up to the United States Supreme Court,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1888.47,1891.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of them don't go there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1891.0,1892.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, they decide what, 150 cases a year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1892.12,1895.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they've got all of these state court decisions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1895.06,1896.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you know how infrequently they really review","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1896.96,1900.169"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"state court decisions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1900.169,1902.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the one was that I'm thinking of was the case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1902.12,1906.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we had where the, the question was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1906.597,1911.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether or not the attorney was going to participate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1912.2,1917.142"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the criminal defendant, client's perjury","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1917.142,1922.142"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the witness stand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1923.661,1924.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You remember that, the White Side case?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1924.72,1926.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we said that the claim on the part of the person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1926.86,1931.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was convicted of the criminal offense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1932.982,1936.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was that he didn't have effective assistance of council","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1936.12,1939.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because council said, \"If you perjure yourself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1939.5,1942.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I'm not going to go along with it.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1942.593,1945.582"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And our case, it came up to us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1945.582,1950.582"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we said that the attorney properly did that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1951.17,1954.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ethically did that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1954.71,1956.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that the defendant had no right to have a lawyer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1956.75,1961.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who would participate in perjury.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1963.169,1967.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we were first reversed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1967.57,1970.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were affirmed by the Federal District Court,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1970.79,1973.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reversed by the Federal Circuit Court Of Appeals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1973.17,1977.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It went on at the Supreme Court and we were vindicated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1977.62,1980.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up there by unanimous decision of the Supreme Court.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1980.76,1985.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although a couple of, as I recall,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1985.71,1988.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a couple of the United States Supreme Court Justices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1988.59,1993.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought that that the majority went farther than they had to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1993.95,1997.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in detailing some of the rights and duties of lawyers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=1997.6,2002.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2009.55,2010.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You commented on the current selection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2011.929,2014.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for training of federal judges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2014.24,2017.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you think it's in the right political bias on them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2017.077,2021.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, well there's the press,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2021.59,2026.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radio, television, has been full of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2026.758,2030.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't really know much more about that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2030.65,2035.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than you do by reading the papers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2036.91,2039.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm not saying that you don't know plenty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2039.15,2040.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after reading the papers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2040.44,2041.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't mean to get in trouble","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2041.43,2043.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a bunch of journalists around here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2043.24,2045.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there's a feeling I think generally in legal circles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2048.085,2053.085"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if you wanted to get appointed to the federal bench","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2055.99,2059.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at this time, you better have a history of being pretty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2059.41,2062.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conservative in your views.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2062.03,2064.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you're coming off some bench somewhere","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2064.9,2068.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you had better have some record","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2069.27,2071.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of some pretty conservative opinions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2071.69,2075.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the feeling on the part of most of the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2079.389,2083.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in legal circles I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2083.38,2085.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't, that's not a very good response to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2085.49,2087.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't believe I'm here to give a personal opinion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2087.76,2089.647"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about it, but it's certainly subject to criticism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2089.647,2093.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's, I guess I better not go any farther there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2094.82,2099.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're taping me here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2099.91,2101.329"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2101.329,2104.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll take both those questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2104.2,2105.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll take this young man in front first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2105.65,2107.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Are citizens or corporations or municipalities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2107.77,2111.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the state of Iowa or other states held accountable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2111.713,2115.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to international treaties and agreements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2115.173,2117.889"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the US has with other countries?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2117.889,2120.556"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2121.395,2122.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's some litigation going on about that now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2122.713,2124.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I really, we haven't been into that ourselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2124.64,2127.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to where I have studied it enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2128.41,2129.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make any response to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2129.89,2131.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I haven't read enough decisions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2131.39,2134.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e So if I violate a tariff agreement that the US has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2134.61,2138.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with (speaking faintly)?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2139.609,2141.161"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2141.161,2142.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I really don't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2142.567,2143.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought you were talking about international agreements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2145.83,2148.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's what you are, aren't you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2148.23,2149.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure.\nYeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2149.15,2150.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I really, I suspect that that those cases would perhaps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2150.17,2154.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"find their way into the federal court system first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2155.95,2158.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that may be why I am not familiar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2158.35,2161.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with what the law would be in those situations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2161.04,2164.105"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member speaking faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2164.105,2168.355"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2171.16,2172.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I haven't seen a case on it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2172.12,2173.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right, okay, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2177.11,2180.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't believe we've and I don't want to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2180.01,2182.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't want to express an opinion there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2182.41,2185.464"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I can't tell you about any cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2185.464,2188.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I just can't recite any cases on it now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2188.67,2191.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know that those things have been in court,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2191.44,2193.669"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there are 60,000 and more published","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2193.669,2198.669"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opinions each year from the state court systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2202.37,2206.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the federal system, that I'm talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2206.32,2208.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the published opinions that are available to be read.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2211.864,2214.514"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we have them now on computers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2215.449,2219.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when we know what the question is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2219.32,2222.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can punch up a button you know, and get these cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2222.01,2227.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But until we get to a, until we're confronted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2227.814,2231.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a particular question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2231.21,2232.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we frequently don't know all of those opinions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2232.57,2235.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly don't read them all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2235.37,2237.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're very lucky if we can read the circulating opinions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2237.32,2241.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we're passing among ourselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2241.26,2244.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"proposed opinions for, to be voted on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2244.14,2247.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and filed and follow and track","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2247.08,2250.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the more important decisions from other states.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2250.043,2253.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And certainly try to at least follow the gist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2253.67,2257.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the United States Supreme Court decisions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2257.177,2260.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there was another question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2260.06,2261.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a gentlemen right behind you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2261.13,2262.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Is there a piece now coming up in the court","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2263.8,2266.296"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for interpreting this constitutional amendment?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2266.296,2269.104"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member speaking faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2269.104,2271.878"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seemed to me like to interpret a amendment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2271.878,2273.962"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that says that the appointment was made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2273.962,2277.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without consideration of political affiliation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2277.99,2280.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really is unimportant and I guess","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2280.71,2282.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't quite see how you can interpret it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2282.643,2285.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member speaking faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2285.52,2288.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh we get, excuse me, I'll get over here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2288.84,2291.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you can hear me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2291.12,2291.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question is, is there any case coming up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2291.953,2295.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the court about this 1962 amendment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2295.017,2298.749"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that removed judges from partisan politics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2298.749,2302.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and put in this selection system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2302.01,2304.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the gentleman said that he didn't see how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2304.797,2309.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that could be legally interpreted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2309.54,2311.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have cases coming to the court.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2313.04,2316.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There isn't a, number one, to my knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2316.02,2318.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such a case has not been initiated yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2318.24,2321.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That takes care of the first part of your question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2321.53,2323.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second part of the question is that I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2323.26,2325.889"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd rather think that it would be something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2325.889,2329.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that could be legally determined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2329.96,2332.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given a set of facts that might be developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2332.38,2336.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the trial of a case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2336.97,2338.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have these cases coming to the court frequently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2338.24,2343.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I shouldn't say frequently, but every year or so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2343.671,2347.815"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involving a conflict between the executive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2347.815,2352.618"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the legislative branches","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2352.618,2354.471"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about alleged constitutional violations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2354.471,2357.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One that I recall off the top of my head","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2360.86,2363.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a case where the governor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2363.44,2365.772"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in vetoing or attempting to veto,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2365.772,2370.772"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just struck certain words out of legislation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2371.11,2373.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that it, when it, when he got done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2373.84,2377.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it said something different than the legislature had passed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2377.723,2381.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that came before us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2381.51,2383.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the most recent case involved some legislation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2384.21,2389.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which the title to the bill was alleged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2392.26,2397.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not to reflect what was in the bill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2397.635,2400.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's a constitutional requirement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2400.52,2403.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's also the one subject requirement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2403.103,2406.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the Iowa Constitution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2406.54,2408.651"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can't, you can't,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2408.651,2409.711"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least the theory of the constitution was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2409.711,2413.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you couldn't lump a bunch of different concepts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2413.243,2416.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in one bill and stick them in there together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2416.67,2419.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"None of which could pass on their own merits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2419.14,2421.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but thrown together could acquire enough strength","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2421.24,2425.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be passed by the legislature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2425.0,2428.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then put the governor in a box","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2428.33,2431.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he might want three out of those four things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2431.74,2435.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and have to swallow the fourth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2435.31,2437.091"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different piece of legislation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2437.091,2442.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to get the three that he wants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2442.04,2443.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a problem that we've encountered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2443.7,2446.398"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and have had to decide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2446.398,2448.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2450.028,2451.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You've spoken before about the need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2451.7,2455.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for higher salaries for judges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2455.22,2458.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you've also spoken about shortages of judges","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2458.04,2461.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly we see some shortages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2461.01,2463.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Bankruptcy Court area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2463.13,2465.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How does, how do those threats to the judiciary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2466.21,2469.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rank against the threat of political selection?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2469.41,2474.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well they're, I don't know how to rank them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2477.81,2481.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as threats, they're all threats.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2481.08,2483.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have a problem now in trying to hold judges","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2486.86,2491.609"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with our present pay scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2491.609,2495.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We haven't had a significant pay adjustment since 1977.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2499.57,2504.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since that time inflation has soared, I think 81%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2506.19,2511.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and judges have received compensation increases of 35%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2512.587,2517.587"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which means that a judge who is getting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2517.86,2519.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trial judge who was getting $40,000 in 1977","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2519.96,2524.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is now seeing the purchasing power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2524.22,2526.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of his present pay reduced to 22,000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2528.34,2531.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of, of 1977 dollar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2531.75,2535.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's causing, we can attract some bright young lawyers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2536.77,2541.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the bench, but the problem of it is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2541.71,2543.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the salary may look to a 30 year old lawyer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2543.533,2548.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may look, still look attractive as a trial judge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2549.67,2553.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When he or she gets a little more experience,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2553.22,2557.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're losing them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2557.3,2558.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're being sort of a training ground for the law firms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2559.12,2563.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's unfortunate in my view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2563.2,2567.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that we should be able to attract","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2567.63,2569.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and compensate them enough so that we can hold them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2569.9,2572.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that won't make much difference to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2573.6,2575.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm too far over the hill,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2575.81,2577.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I would like to see us get the top people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2577.27,2582.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the judges ought to be as smart","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2582.4,2584.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the lawyers in front of them, and had better be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2584.13,2586.894"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2586.894,2588.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'd like to get the top people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2588.22,2589.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'd like to be able to hold them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2589.73,2591.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we have talked about, I haven't said much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2591.07,2595.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the legislature about it until this last message","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2595.31,2598.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the legislature a couple of weeks ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2598.81,2600.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I did, I did draw their attention to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2600.6,2604.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did say that they'd suffered, these judges had suffered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2604.34,2608.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from some benign neglect on the part of the legislature.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2608.06,2612.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's been difficult times in Iowa financially,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2612.01,2614.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I know it's been a concern to try to save money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2614.54,2618.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I don't think this is a,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2618.06,2619.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there's a place where you can save more money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2619.86,2623.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than you really should in this area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2623.18,2625.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is there any other?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2627.15,2628.486"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did I answer both your 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them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2631.927,2633.492"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2633.492,2635.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, as far as problems are concerned, it is 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harder.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2654.3,2657.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, when I got out of law school,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2657.42,2660.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's just so long ago that I don't even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2660.583,2661.416"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want to talk about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2661.416,2662.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But a person who wanted to half 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court,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2688.05,2689.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then the judge would call the role of the cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2689.243,2693.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the lawyer try to get in the ones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2693.17,2696.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they wanted to try and the ones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2696.323,2697.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were going to lose they'd try to get out of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2697.86,2700.059"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you had two lawyers there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2700.059,2702.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they each had a case they were going to 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them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2706.35,2709.537"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the litigants set out there and wonder","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2709.537,2712.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why their cases were taking so long to try.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2712.05,2715.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll all that's changed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2715.69,2717.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we have court 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cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2725.057,2727.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The judges don't assign those cases anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2727.77,2730.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the judges are on a circuit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2730.44,2732.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they're trying a case the first day they get there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2732.0,2735.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they keep with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2735.23,2736.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're working very hard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2736.8,2738.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think it, I think we want the kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2738.04,2741.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of people that can do that and want to do it to produce.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2741.72,2745.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their only business is adjudicating disputes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2747.7,2751.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's a tough thing to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2751.01,2755.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because most people, most of you people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2755.79,2758.542"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wouldn't want to go through life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2758.542,2760.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"making half the people you encounter unhappy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2760.68,2762.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's a tough job.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2762.9,2764.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's something that is more difficult","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2764.76,2769.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than you would think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2769.53,2771.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we have to compensate 'em","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2771.37,2772.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we have to keep the good ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2772.93,2774.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are there any questions, more questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2775.855,2778.499"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's been a real pleasure to be with you today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2778.499,2780.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, we're most of the time on a felt level,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2782.53,2786.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're locked up in rooms with lots of books","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2786.1,2789.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we have to do a lot of 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us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2795.87,2797.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=2798.068,2798.901"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31408/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/408/original/AV203653_The_State_Constitution_Vs_The_Federal_Constitution_a.vtt?1627045905","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/408/original/AV203653_The_State_Constitution_Vs_The_Federal_Constitution_a.vtt?1627045905"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31409","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203653_The_State_Constitution_Vs_The_Federal_Constitution_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265/transcript/31409/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Good afternoon, and welcome to this afternoon's presentation of the 1987 Institute On National Affairs. Before I introduce this afternoon's speaker, I would like to draw your attention to the rest of the day's schedule. At 3:00 PM here in the gallery Roxanne Connor will address the role of civil justice in a democratic society. Ramsey Clark will discuss the Ethical Presidency at 8:00 PM in the Sun Room. It is now my honor and great privilege to introduce to you Chief Justice W. Ward Reynoldson. Chief Justice Reynoldson has served as chief justice to the Iowa Supreme Court since August of 1978. He graduated from the University of Iowa Law School in 1948 and was a practicing lawyer with an emphasis in trial work before becoming a member of the Iowa Supreme Court in May of 1971. He is currently director of the American Judicature Society and a past president of both the Conference of Chief Justices and the National Center For State Courts in Williamsburg, Virginia. It is now my pleasure to present Chief Justice Reynoldson.\r\n\r\n- Thank you, Lisa. Can I do this? I'm short. Barbara Mac's invitation to join you today was irresistible because I really wanted to come up here and find out just how a good lawyer could teach journalism. Because you know in legal circles, it's common wisdom that to be a journalist, you have to sacrifice amendments two through 10 for the first one. She must be having some kind of a schizophrenic reaction in their present dual duties. Beyond that however, and those of you who have her in class, if you do, know that she's perfectly capable of retaliating for what I just said. Beyond that however, there was another irresistible impulse to communicate some of the concerns and musings of a state court justice relating to the bicentennial celebration for the world's oldest written constitution. For many years I have been interested in the constitution or fundamental law as they call it of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, a division seven. Now the present Soviet constitution revised in 1977 essentially contains the same rights and guarantees contained in the constitution under Stalin. It provides this, \"In accordance with the interest \"of the people and in order to strengthen \"and develop the socialist system, \"citizens of the USSR are guaranteed freedom of speech, \"of the press, and of assembly, \"meaning street processions and demonstrations. \"Exercise of these political freedoms are ensured \"by putting public buildings, streets, and squares \"at the disposal of the working people \"and their organizations by broad dissemination \"of information, and by the opportunity \"to use the press, television, and radio.\" Further and still quoting, \"No one may be arrested \"except by a court decision \"or on the want of a prosecute order. \"Citizens of the USSR are guaranteed \"inviolability of the home. \"No one may, without lawful grounds, \"enter the home against the will of those residing in it. \"The privacy of citizens and the other correspondence, \"telephone conversations, and telegraphic communications \"is protected by law.\" While obviously the Soviet Constitution contains most of the safeguards of freedom found in the Bill Of Rights of the United States Constitution. And then how is it, we ask, that millions upon multiplied millions of Russian political and ethnic prisoners have died in what Solzhenitsyn, in his book, \"The Gulag Archipelago,\" described as Russia's sewage disposal system. And why during all of these years has the Soviet Constitution been an impotent piece of paper, while the United States Constitution has served as a living document, generating the freedom and liberty for our citizens, that has become the envy of the world. \"The great ideals of liberty and equality,\" wrote justice Benjamin Cardozo, \"are preserved against the assaults of opportunism, \"the expediency of the passing hour, \"the erosion of small encroachments, \"the scorn and derision of those who have no patience \"with general principles by enshrining them \"in constitutions and by consecrating \"to the task of their protection, a body of defenders.\" Such defenders are often lonely and frequently unpopular. When tyranny overpowers a nation we always observe that the independent judiciary and the bar are first destroyed. That accomplished, it takes little effort to carry out the next step of snuffing out the freedom of press and the freedom of speech for those victims that have no recourse. A Cedar Rapids attorney, David N. Eldricken, perhaps best capsulated it when he wrote, \"It is also true and not generally accepted \"that at any given time, no person's liberty \"amounts to anymore than he or she can get a lawyer \"to stand alone if need be and defend it.\" The bottom line that we ought to keep before us is this, those constitutional rights that spare this country the Gulag Archipelago, are asserted by lawyers and enforced by independent courts. Probably it is also little understood that the enforcement of the provisions of the United States Constitution, lies largely in the hands of state court judges who try 96% of the litigation in this country. This result was foreseen by the framers of the United States Constitution, who provided in Article Six, the supremacy clause that judicial officers both of the United States and of the several states shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this constitution. As a matter of fact, state court judges operating under the provisions of state constitutions frequently and usually similar to those of the federal constitution, have defined rights and liberties that must have caused consternation at the time, but which are now accepted as precedent at the federal level in one way or another. It was the territorial Iowa Supreme Court in 1839 that wrote the decision in Ray Ralph, releasing the slave Ralph from the hands of the bounty hunters who were about to return him from Dubuque to his master in Missouri. The court declared property in the slave cannot exist without the existence of slavery. The prohibition of the latter annihilates the former and this being destroyed, he becomes free. This holding of course is in contrast with the United States Supreme Court's 1856 Dred Scott opinion, holding that the United States Constitution's cloak of protection covered the white race alone. In 1868, Iowa justices struck down the separate but equal concept in public education 86 years before the United States Supreme Court reached the same result in Brown vs The Board Of Education. In 1873, the Iowa justices rule that a black woman passenger on a riverboat could not be discriminated against with respect to accommodations. This conclusion they held, was planted on the broad and just ground of the equality of all persons before the law, which is not limited by color, nationality, religion or condition of life. Iowa, in 1869, was the first state to admit a woman to the practice of law. In 1975, the Iowa Supreme Court struck down a sexually discriminatory, a school district's regulations requiring pregnant teachers to take mandatory leave without disability benefits no later than the end of the fifth month of pregnancy. We persisted in this ruling in a 1978 case despite an intervening United States Supreme Court decision reaching the opposite result. Well, I did not come here to defend the decisions of either the state or the federal courts. Courts, contrary to popular opinion, do not volunteer to decide constitutional issues or engage in social engineering. These problems come before us in the form of cases that must be decided. We are not allowed the escape of adjourning and going home. Doughtville, a famous French observer and writer, noted 150 years ago that scarcely a political question arises in the United States that cannot be resolved sooner or later into a judicial question. And we now observe that scarcely an unfortunate incident occurs that enterprising council cannot translate into an alleged violation of the United States Constitution or federal laws. Well, new social tensions, technological developments, never envisioned by the Constitution's framers do generate new constitutional issues. Last year, the United States Supreme Court was required to decide that the Fourth Amendment does not protect owners of premises secured from a ground observation from aerial surveillance. And what should be done with the constitutional issues that may be generated by the conception of babies in a dish, the withdrawal of life support mechanisms for the terminally ill, and the tinkering with DNA, the genetic blueprint for all living organisms. And it must be conceited that the framers of the constitution, deliberately left the play in the joints that invites and even requires judicial construction and interpretation as new circumstances unfold. Through two centuries, the courts have struggled with what the framers really meant by due process of law in the Fifth Amendment, and unreasonable searches and seizures in the Fourth. And each of you might give us a different definition of those terms. And part of our work of course, is required by a failure of the legislative branch to address problems before they reached the courts. In theory at least, the legislative branch has more resources and more freedom to explore solutions outside the confines of a particular case. One standing close to a legislative or congressional session in the death throes of its final hours however, might have some question about that. On the other hand, Chief Justice Roger J Trainer, who for years was a legal giant serving on the California Supreme Court has described the court's limitations with these words. \"Ordinarily what passes before judges on the reviewing stand \"is not a well programmed orderly parade, \"but fragments from a circus on the loose, \"collared by anxious barkers for a Motley precession \"across the line of vision that defies the viewing judges \"to guess at all that has escaped notice \"and before see what's may still appear. \"Nonetheless, a determined judge can impose order \"on such chaotic scenes by searching out \"from a clutter of detail, the significant elements \"for recent evaluation.\" Well Trainor's thesis was that judges must be more than passive mechanics, but certainly they must remain less than zealous reformers. \"Judges, he said are not equipped for such work, \"confined as they are to the close work \"of imposing design on fragments of litigation, \"bits and pieces that blow into their shop on a random win.\" The protective tenure the framers deliberately gave the federal judges in order to protect the minority from the majority, went far towards securing the blessings of liberty that was the goal of the Constitution's Preamble. In the ordinary course of events of course, judges make half the litigants unhappy. And in addition, and the far reaching effect of an unavoidable decision may elevate the blood pressure of a sizable share of the population. There has been an increasing dissatisfaction with the application of constitutional rights in criminal cases. There are those who apparently Believe that those rights should belong to nice law abiding people, but should not be invoked on behalf of those who are suspected of wrong-doing. But how can those rights be suspended before the final determination of guilt or innocence? And if so, who makes that prior determination that a person shall be deprived of his or her constitutional rights at any stage of a legal proceeding? Nor does it seem sufficient to say that we cannot have two constitutions, one for good people and one for bad people. Lay persons sometimes have difficulty discerning that many of the rights and freedoms good people enjoy exist only because they are enforced in the criminal trials of people who frequently are bad. A number of States, including Iowa, have sought to afford judges some insulation from those elements that might affect their measured judgment and strengthen the impartial adjudication of disputes and the protection of basic liberties. A 1962 amendment to the Iowa constitution took the selection of judges out of the partisan political arena. A key provision of that amendment was that the nominating commissioners on both the state and district levels quote, \"Shall be chosen without reference \"to political affiliation,\" close quote. The public spirited organizations and lay persons, lawyers, and judges who led that reform believed that the nonpartisan and objective in depth examination of the relative merits of judicial candidates by judicial nominating commissions was superior to a selection process when the controlling factor is who is the best politician. Two of the basic ingredients of a successful political campaign are organization and money. And I suppose we all agree that neither represent worthwhile criteria for the selection of a courageous and an independent judge. At the same time, the 1962 Iowa Reform provided opportunities for the voters to remove a judge by requiring all judges to run for retention on a nonpartisan ballot at regular intervals. Nationwide, progress toward the goal Iowa achieved has been slow and under assault from what appears to be an increasingly conservative electorate. There's a drum fire of criticism that the voters know nothing of the judges, nor what they stand for. And there's a growing notion that the voters would have more information about judges if judicial candidates were forced to campaign for office. Apparently these critics envy those states where the judges' television advertisements show the judges robed and on the bench, declaring an intention to jail every accused person and throw away the key. Colorado's constitutional merit selection system was under attack in the last legislative session out there. The voters have shot down the concept in Arkansas and in New Mexico. The Chief Justice in Texas, where it takes a million dollars, most of it money of special interests and law firms, to campaign for statewide judicial offices, and about one-fourth that amount for a district office, has called in vain for merit selection. An editorial in the \"Quad City Times,\" described an Illinois referendum on merit selection of judges as a sensible and overdue judicial reform that regrettably was quietly sidetracked by the Senate Democrats in caucus. The legislators who populate the top floor of the state house, are persons who arrived there through a dedication to partisan political politics. And it is a good system for that purpose, and they understandably are committed to it. Many see no reason why it should not serve equally well for judicial selection. Nor why judges should not be required to run the same frequent election gauntlets they endure. And this movement surfaced in a preliminary testing way when Senate Joint Resolution 2002 was filed in the last session in 1986. And it was filed by a Senator who was not of the governor's political party and whose avowed purpose was to balance the nominating commissions politically. And of course, a statute to that effect would be unconstitutional so long as the constitution contained that 1962 amendment language that commissioners shall be chosen without reference to political affiliation. And it was that language that SJR 2002 would submit to the voters to be stricken. At the senator's motive was to start us back down the road to partisan political selection seems evident. If as he asserted, the governor was appointing commissioners from only one political party, he could have strengthened the constitutional restriction by advancing a ready-made campaign issue that the governor was violating the constitution and attempting to politicize the judiciary. Or he could have invoked the Senate's constitutional power of confirmation to nullify the asserted attempts. Instead, he sought to remove the constitutional prohibition he claimed the governor was violating. And if the Senator is successful with amending the Constitution to prevent a statute that would balance the nominating commissions politically, we would then have the divisive prospect of commissioners caucusing by political party before making nominations. The commissioners would not feel beholden to the citizens of their state or district generally, as they now are, but would be sensitized that they are representing their political party for the advancement of its interests. And the selection of judges would be based upon their political clout and not necessarily their judicial qualifications. When a party's candidate is nominated by a politicized commission, the political part of the process will then call after one nomination is made, for the selection of the next nominee from the same party. And when that is impossible, the tendency will be to select the least attractive candidate from the other party. And under that proposed change, it clearly will be possible for the governor to make mistakes in appointments, and tragic ones. And I suggest that if this constitutional amendment is adopted, it will encourage others whose ultimate goal is to throw the judges entirely back into partisan political politics. Well, let's ask JAR, a Senate Joint Resolution 2002 laid quietly, and we hope forgotten in the Senate until late in the session last year. And then despite our attempts to head it off, the resolution suddenly was passed and sent over to the house. And there, unfortunately it was seen by the women's political caucus as a vehicle to require gender to be considered in the selection of commissioners. And the resolution was amended to so provide. And of course there was nothing in the constitution That would prohibit a statute on gender considerations. So no constitutional amendment was required to achieve that end. Unfortunately however, the strength of the women's caucus, thus was combined with the strength of those attempting to politicize the selection of judges. And despite our hurried resistance, the resolution passed both houses. And if passed in the current session it will be submitted to the voters. And the resolution is so framed that the constitutional amendment that will be presented to the voters will not contain the words without reference to political consideration with the same struck out, as we so often see with proposed legislation. Those words will simply be deleted. And without understanding what has happened, the voters will see neither the deletion nor the dangers in the amendment. Well in resisting SJR 2002, which we'll have another number this year, the Supreme Court's opposition is not to fuller and fair gender representation on the commissions. Within our limited influence, we have taken a number of steps toward that goal. We believe that several measures, including specific and prompt statutory action are available and should be pursued. And all may be accomplished without constitutional change. You know, one of the problems we confront, I suggest, is that we have lived so long under a good system that we no longer appreciate it. If we politicize the selection commissioners with SJR 2002 it paves the way to the next step to relegate Iowa's judicial system back to the situation that exists in Illinois, Louisiana, Texas, and the other states that still struggle in the political morass. It subjects the judges to the frequently shifting tides of majority impulses when they should be steering in the direction of the constitutional protection so essential for those, who from time to time, find themselves in the minority. After all, it is the very purpose of a constitution, and particularly of the Bill Of Rights to declare certain values transcendent beyond the reach of temporary political majorities. While few of us here have fought for the 1962 reform that resulted in the many quality judges that now grace Iowa's benches, merit selection and tenure was an inheritance left to us by civic organizations like the League Of Women Voters, and concerned citizens, lawyers and judges like our justice Harvey Uhlenhopp, who last year quietly carried to his grave, the scars of that long and bruising battle. Significant here is what Dr. Kensinger, president of Templeton College at Oxford University said last spring at the Buena Vista college commencement. He said this, \"But nothing can be dissipated more quickly, \"more carelessly, in fact more unconsciously \"than an inheritance. \"The result of the aspirations, the discipline, \"the efforts of others, all of that can too easily \"be taken, mistaken for your birthright. \"But there is no such thing as a birthright. \"None of us has any such right.\" Our constitutional system of merit selection and tenure for judges has served the people of Iowa well for 24 years. It is based on the premise that justice should not be administered in this state. That justice should be administered in this state without regard to partisan political considerations. It is also based on the premise that a judge cannot and should not be a political partisan. The great principles embedded in both our Iowa and United States Constitutions, will not be ensured by crippling the judicial branch of government. Rather, our united efforts ought to be directed toward applying those concepts to today's issues. It requires the good faith best efforts that was all. And appropriate here is something that John Gardner once wrote, entitled \"A Nation Is Never Finished.\" You can't build it and then leave it standing as a pharaohs did the pyramids. It has to be built and rebuilt. It has to be recreated in each generation by believing, caring men and women. It is now our turn. If we don't believe, or we don't care, nothing can save us. If we believe and care, nothing can stop us. Thank you very much. Lisa says that I have to subject myself to cross examination, and I'm willing to do that as long as she let me take the Fifth from time to time. Are there questions? Yes, sir.\r\n\r\n- What kind of interest groups are at play here with the business of the Senate resolution you spoke of? Clearly you yourself, and I'm sure many of the others of the bench are opposed to going back to partisan politics that selected our judges. Are there recognizable groups that are here on this matter?\r\n\r\n- That are promoting it? The only discernible factors that we could see in the last session, until the gender amendment got on there, was that it was sort of a political fight between the the Democrat controlled legislature and the Republican controlled executive branch. And in making comments in this, I'm not, and I want to be very careful to say that I am not saying whether or not there was a constitutional violation in the governor's appointments. That's is something that may have to be determined. On the other side, it sort of slid through there so fast that there wasn't really much of a chance for the League Of Women Voters, for example, that was very instrumental in putting that reform in in the first place for them to react At the present time. I think more people are aware of it, although I'm not sure how many. I know that the people in legal circles, the Bar Association, the Judges Association, the Supreme Court unanimously, the people that, that have really been involved in that reform and watched it operate are very concerned about this. Are there any other questions? Yes, Ma'am\r\n\r\n- I was interested in your discussion briefly about supremacy clause. And I'm wondering if you could tell us a little bit about some of the issues that come up to where states are deciding issues with the federal system or issues that are not yet passed or adopted by the reform.\r\n\r\n- Yes, well of course, the framers at the, the question is about the supremacy clause and what effect it has on the decisions made by state judges that might ultimately go over into the federal system. And the framers, at the time, well knew that, in fact they didn't even have a court at the time they were framing the constitution. And when they did, it was a very sketchy sort of a thing. And there were even, I'm sure more than 96% of the cases then were being tried by the state judges. If there is a federal question involved, it usually can pass, even though it has gone to the highest state court over into the federal system. And we see that continually in, and particularly in our criminal cases where they raise certain rights under the United States Constitution. Our rulings are finalist to any state constitutional issues. But if there is a federal constitutional issue raised, then it can be processed over into the federal system. And we're second guessed over there. And once in a while, reversed. Although in the main, our decisions are upheld in the federal court and frequently there are claims made over there that are rejected summarily after it has been fully adjudicated in the state court system. Does that respond to your question?\r\n\r\n- I'm talking about those specific issues that are bubbling up now or the issues that for the new year. Issues that you ruled on are now perhaps, in the federal court.\r\n\r\n- I can't think of one right now that, that we have involved over there, other than these criminal cases that I'm talking about. I think, a recent case that did get over there and clear on up to the United States Supreme Court, most of them don't go there. You know, they decide what, 150 cases a year and they've got all of these state court decisions, so you know how infrequently they really review state court decisions. But the one was that I'm thinking of was the case that we had where the, the question was, whether or not the attorney was going to participate in the criminal defendant, client's perjury on the witness stand. You remember that, the White Side case? And we said that the claim on the part of the person who was convicted of the criminal offense was that he didn't have effective assistance of council because council said, \"If you perjure yourself \"I'm not going to go along with it.\" And our case, it came up to us, and we said that the attorney properly did that, and ethically did that. And that the defendant had no right to have a lawyer who would participate in perjury. And we were first reversed. We were affirmed by the Federal District Court, reversed by the Federal Circuit Court Of Appeals. It went on at the Supreme Court and we were vindicated up there by unanimous decision of the Supreme Court. Although a couple of, as I recall, a couple of the United States Supreme Court Justices thought that that the majority went farther than they had to in detailing some of the rights and duties of lawyers. Yes, sir.\r\n\r\n- You commented on the current selection for training of federal judges. Do you think it's in the right political bias on them?\r\n\r\n- Yes, well there's the press, radio, television, has been full of that. And I don't really know much more about that than you do by reading the papers. And I'm not saying that you don't know plenty after reading the papers. I didn't mean to get in trouble with a bunch of journalists around here, but there's a feeling I think generally in legal circles, that if you wanted to get appointed to the federal bench at this time, you better have a history of being pretty conservative in your views. And if you're coming off some bench somewhere you had better have some record of some pretty conservative opinions. That's the feeling on the part of most of the people in legal circles I think. I don't, that's not a very good response to that. I don't believe I'm here to give a personal opinion about it, but it's certainly subject to criticism. I think it's, I guess I better not go any farther there. They're taping me here. I'll take both those questions. I'll take this young man in front first.\r\n\r\n- Are citizens or corporations or municipalities in the state of Iowa or other states held accountable to international treaties and agreements the US has with other countries?\r\n\r\n- I don't know. There's some litigation going on about that now, but I really, we haven't been into that ourselves to where I have studied it enough to make any response to that. I haven't read enough decisions.\r\n\r\n- So if I violate a tariff agreement that the US has with ?\r\n\r\n- I don't know. I really don't. I thought you were talking about international agreements and that's what you are, aren't you?\r\n\r\n- Sure.\r\n\r\n- Yeah. I really, I suspect that that those cases would perhaps find their way into the federal court system first. And that may be why I am not familiar with what the law would be in those situations. I don't know. I haven't seen a case on it. All right, okay, okay. I don't believe we've and I don't want to, I don't want to express an opinion there, and I can't tell you about any cases because I just can't recite any cases on it now. I know that those things have been in court, but there are 60,000 and more published opinions each year from the state court systems and the federal system, that I'm talking about the published opinions that are available to be read. And we have them now on computers. And when we know what the question is, we can punch up a button you know, and get these cases. But until we get to a, until we're confronted with a particular question, we frequently don't know all of those opinions and certainly don't read them all. We're very lucky if we can read the circulating opinions that we're passing among ourselves, proposed opinions for, to be voted on and filed and follow and track some of the more important decisions from other states. And certainly try to at least follow the gist of the United States Supreme Court decisions. Now there was another question by a gentlemen right behind you.\r\n\r\n- Is there a piece now coming up in the court for interpreting this constitutional amendment? It seemed to me like to interpret a amendment that says that the appointment was made without consideration of political affiliation, really is unimportant and I guess I don't quite see how you can interpret it.\r\n\r\n- Oh we get, excuse me, I'll get over here where you can hear me. The question is, is there any case coming up to the court about this 1962 amendment that removed judges from partisan politics and put in this selection system. And the gentleman said that he didn't see how that could be legally interpreted. We have cases coming to the court. There isn't a, number one, to my knowledge such a case has not been initiated yet. That takes care of the first part of your question. The second part of the question is that I, I'd rather think that it would be something that could be legally determined given a set of facts that might be developed in the trial of a case. We have these cases coming to the court frequently. I shouldn't say frequently, but every year or so involving a conflict between the executive and the legislative branches about alleged constitutional violations. One that I recall off the top of my head was a case where the governor in vetoing or attempting to veto, just struck certain words out of legislation. So that it, when it, when he got done it said something different than the legislature had passed. And that came before us. I think the most recent case involved some legislation in which the title to the bill was alleged not to reflect what was in the bill. And that's a constitutional requirement. There's also the one subject requirement under the Iowa Constitution. You can't, you can't, at least the theory of the constitution was that you couldn't lump a bunch of different concepts in one bill and stick them in there together. None of which could pass on their own merits, but thrown together could acquire enough strength to be passed by the legislature, and then put the governor in a box because he might want three out of those four things and have to swallow the fourth different piece of legislation in order to get the three that he wants. This is a problem that we've encountered and have had to decide. Yes, sir.\r\n\r\n- You've spoken before about the need for higher salaries for judges. And you've also spoken about shortages of judges and certainly we see some shortages in the Bankruptcy Court area. How does, how do those threats to the judiciary rank against the threat of political selection?\r\n\r\n- Well they're, I don't know how to rank them as far as threats, they're all threats. We have a problem now in trying to hold judges with our present pay scale. We haven't had a significant pay adjustment since 1977. Since that time inflation has soared, I think 81% and judges have received compensation increases of 35%, which means that a judge who is getting, trial judge who was getting $40,000 in 1977 is now seeing the purchasing power of his present pay reduced to 22,000 in terms of, of 1977 dollar. And it's causing, we can attract some bright young lawyers to the bench, but the problem of it is, because the salary may look to a 30 year old lawyer, may look, still look attractive as a trial judge. When he or she gets a little more experience, we're losing them. We're being sort of a training ground for the law firms. And that's unfortunate in my view. I think that we should be able to attract and compensate them enough so that we can hold them. And that won't make much difference to me. I'm too far over the hill, but I would like to see us get the top people. I think the judges ought to be as smart as the lawyers in front of them, and had better be. We'd like to get the top people, we'd like to be able to hold them. And so we have talked about, I haven't said much to the legislature about it until this last message to the legislature a couple of weeks ago. And I did, I did draw their attention to that. I did say that they'd suffered, these judges had suffered from some benign neglect on the part of the legislature. It's been difficult times in Iowa financially, and I know it's been a concern to try to save money. But I don't think this is a, I think there's a place where you can save more money than you really should in this area. Is there any other? Did I answer both your questions? It seemed like you had another question that I'm not sure-\r\n\r\n- You didn't want to rank them.\r\n\r\n- Yeah. Yeah, as far as problems are concerned, it is difficult. And our judges are working, Our production record is just really great. In the last 10 years we've increased production by about 60%, these judges are working harder. You know, when I got out of law school, it's just so long ago that I don't even want to talk about it. But a person who wanted to half retire would take a judgeship because it wasn't much going on out there and you can kind of set your own pace. And if you didn't want to try a case today you'd just postpone the case and went on home. And then we had this leisurely thing going on. A judge would come through on a circuit and you'd all go, all the lawyers go to the court, then the judge would call the role of the cases and the lawyer try to get in the ones that they wanted to try and the ones they were going to lose they'd try to get out of. And if you had two lawyers there and they each had a case they were going to win and each had case they're going to lose, why they perhaps didn't wouldn't move on any of them. And the litigants set out there and wonder why their cases were taking so long to try. We'll all that's changed. And we have court managers and the judges are assigned where they go and they're assigned the cases. The judges don't assign those cases anymore. And the judges are on a circuit, but they're trying a case the first day they get there and they keep with it. They're working very hard. And I think it, I think we want the kind of people that can do that and want to do it to produce. Their only business is adjudicating disputes. And it's a tough thing to do because most people, most of you people wouldn't want to go through life making half the people you encounter unhappy. So it's a tough job. And it's something that is more difficult than you would think. And we have to compensate 'em and we have to keep the good ones. Are there any questions, more questions? It's been a real pleasure to be with you today. You know, we're most of the time on a felt level, we're locked up in rooms with lots of books and we have to do a lot of writing and we don't see very many people. We might see a secretary and a young lawyer who might be helping us. And...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46866/file/120265#t=0.0,2802.792"}]}]}]}