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so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=37.19,41.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we know what you have to look forward to if you have not had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=41.25,45.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that opportunity as 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Maeda.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=176.47,178.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=179.887,182.304"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you very much for the introduction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=186.57,188.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll just like to start by expressing my deep appreciation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=190.15,194.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for being given this unique opportunity to speak to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=194.19,199.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been in this country now for about four days,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=200.88,202.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have about 10 days left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=202.68,204.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And during my trip in this part of the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=205.39,207.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was informed that there was a group with this university","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=207.82,212.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was keen to listen to some of the experiences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=212.09,216.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of struggling against underdevelopment in Tanzania.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=216.7,221.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'll try to be really brief hoping that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=222.5,226.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the introduction will be a basis for some kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=227.4,230.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of discussions that we might have later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=230.63,233.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to start by saying that we should note that we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=234.61,237.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are discussing a country that is overwhelmingly rural.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=237.68,242.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And 90% of the 20 million people in Tanzania are peasants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=246.08,251.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are living in the rural areas earning their livelihood","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=253.78,258.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from subsistence farming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=258.01,260.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That in itself has some implications.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=260.43,263.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Consequently the basis or rather the backbone of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=264.88,268.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the country's economy is agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=268.34,271.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So when you are talking about the development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=271.64,273.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a starting point really we're talking about developing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=273.74,277.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the agricultural potential.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=277.0,278.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if there is an economic crisis in Tanzania","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=279.78,283.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is basically a crisis related to agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=283.09,288.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Agriculture contributes about 40% of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=289.54,293.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the gross national product of the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=293.72,295.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Agriculture contributes over 80% of all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=298.73,302.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the foreign exchange earnings of the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=302.9,305.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By comparison industry contributes about 10%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=306.89,311.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to 10.6% two three years ago now it's dropped to about 9%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=312.41,317.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're also talking about the country whose level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=319.834,323.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of social and economic development is very low.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=323.22,326.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The gross national product per capita in 1980","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=327.98,331.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was around $280.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=332.52,334.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Consequently Tanzania is regarded as one of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=337.06,340.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the 20 least developed countries in the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=340.57,343.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Infant mortality in Tanzania in 1980 was about 103 per 1000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=346.01,351.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This a slight improvement compared to 1960,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=356.7,361.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one year before independence when infant mortality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=362.46,365.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was about 155 per 1000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=365.47,369.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life expectancy of death in 1980 was 52 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=370.77,375.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know that I think American standard is about 74 if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=376.46,381.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=381.03,382.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This also we think is a great improvement from 1960","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=383.0,386.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when life expectancy was 42 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=386.5,389.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adult literacy in 1977 was about 66% it's about 69% now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=391.532,396.532"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again this is a great improvement from 1960 when it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=400.22,404.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was only 10%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=404.51,406.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well this basic facts are important to note because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=407.09,411.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then maybe they could try to explain to us why we are facing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=411.95,416.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the kinds of problems we are facing for the time being.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=416.4,419.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're not talking about Tanzania we should not do that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=421.81,424.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're talking about a country whose national capacity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=424.17,428.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to initiate the development is limited,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=428.14,431.496"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"partly by the factors I've mentioned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=431.496,434.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"partly by other factors that we are going to discuss about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=434.34,438.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The average annual growth in Tanzania between 1960","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=440.84,445.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 1980 was overall 1.9%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=446.347,450.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The average annual rate of inflation between 1970","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=453.208,457.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 1980 was 11.9%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=457.427,462.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now it is estimated to be over 25%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=462.06,466.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Average annual growth rate of agricultural production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=467.66,471.029"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the backbone of the economy of the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=471.029,473.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been between 1970 and 1980 only 4.9%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=473.85,478.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And another fact that could be of relevance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=481.27,484.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to our discussion is the external debt as the percentage of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=484.78,489.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the gross national product is 27.6% this is by the 1980.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=490.04,495.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So these figures do indicate the kinds of constraints","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=497.79,501.576"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within which we are operating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=501.576,503.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally we are also or rather we should note","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=505.47,508.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we are talking really about the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=508.02,510.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which although the basis of its economy is agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=510.46,515.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The agriculture itself is peasant based","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=517.39,521.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and subsistence oriented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=521.273,525.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This does have certain implications when we're talking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=525.33,530.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about trying to mobilize the land resources we have and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=530.1,535.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people resources to bring about development of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=535.32,538.615"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this particular sector.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=538.615,540.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the real issue that we face is how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=541.5,545.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make subsistence agriculture form 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country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=555.02,558.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now during the past 10 to 12 years agricultural production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=560.289,565.289"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in both cash crops and food crops has been declining.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=566.115,570.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now because of its dominant role in the lives of the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=572.175,577.175"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the economy of the nation as a whole this decline","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=577.568,581.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in agricultural production has greatly contributed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=581.29,584.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the economic crisis facing the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=584.3,586.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our agriculture suffers from several factors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=588.165,591.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of them is its scale of operation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=592.95,597.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which characterizes peasant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=597.93,600.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and subsistence based agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=600.24,603.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other factor is its poor technological base","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=604.83,608.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which again comes from the fact that we rely 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production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=618.66,620.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We rely on rain,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=620.4,622.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rain which we don't have control over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=622.7,625.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that because of the factors I've mentioned above","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=625.35,630.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the economy has not been able to provide this 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seeds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=639.04,643.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such as fertilizers insecticides et cetera et cetera","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=643.09,646.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which can contribute to increase 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above.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=666.083,667.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This same sector does also suffer from absence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=669.1,673.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of sufficient incentives which could be used as a 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surplus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=743.29,746.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Agriculture also in Tanzania does suffer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=754.351,758.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from poor agricultural extension 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sectors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=811.2,816.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly the transportation sector and also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=817.56,820.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the industrial 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that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=877.703,880.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this internal problem which is confronting the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=882.33,885.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is compounded by other complex problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=885.94,888.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are by no means limited to Tanzania.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=888.75,891.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in order to understand the complexity of the problems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=892.77,895.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"undermining the efforts for nation building in Tanzania","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=895.63,899.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is important to elucidate some of the causes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=899.09,902.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=902.19,903.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I am going to divide these problems into or this causes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=905.438,910.438"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into three types of causes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=910.45,913.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first cause will be the causes that are beyond","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=914.63,918.596"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the control of Tanzania.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=918.596,920.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the second one the causes which I can say caused","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=922.134,926.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by problem of success.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=930.0,931.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sometimes success can be a positive thing sometimes it can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=932.731,935.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be a negative thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=935.9,937.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Often I think often it is a combination of both,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=937.22,940.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'll try to explain that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=940.74,942.935"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the third cause or set of causes will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=942.935,946.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be causes attributed to our own failures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=946.26,949.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I promised that I was going to be very open here and frank","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=950.65,955.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the view of trying to expose as many of you as possible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=956.03,960.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the really practical problems of initiating development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=960.34,964.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a poor country like Tanzania a country that is dependent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=964.74,969.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very much on the international system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=969.811,973.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now causes that are beyond our control,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=980.39,984.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would like to name just three or four of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=984.3,988.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first one is the problem that most of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=990.14,993.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the third world countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=993.89,995.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the non industrialized countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=996.48,999.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and particularly the non oil producing countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=999.25,1002.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been complaining about is the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1002.5,1005.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the world prices.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1005.21,1007.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is price or prices of everything that we are buying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1008.0,1011.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from abroad and note that we are really net importers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1011.6,1015.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in all aspects have been going up many times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1015.96,1020.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if I can give as an example that in 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$7,000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1052.97,1057.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Tanzania while in 1977 that same truck cost about $15,000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1060.04,1065.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's about twice as 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up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1072.72,1075.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the money we could earn from some of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1075.2,1077.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our major exports has been going down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1077.81,1080.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we used to receive for example $4 per kilogram for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1082.12,1086.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the best malt coffee in 1977.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1086.93,1089.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in 1982 we received an average of $2.50 a price drop","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1091.32,1096.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of over 40%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1098.21,1100.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you note that coffee in Tanzania it's our major export.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1100.56,1105.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So such a big decline in world price of coffee,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1106.11,1109.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involves actually redoing the whole budget.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1109.78,1113.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now put these two sets of figures 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down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1123.53,1128.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are faced with a problem which is not of our making.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1128.39,1133.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So to buy a seven ton truck in 1981 we had to produce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1134.794,1139.794"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sell abroad about four times as much cotton,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1140.862,1145.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or three times as much cashew,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1145.41,1148.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or three times as much coffee,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1148.22,1150.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or 10 times as much tobacco as you had to produce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1151.07,1155.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sell in 1977.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1155.13,1157.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this is a problem that you can not blame us for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1158.52,1162.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can not blame you for either but somebody has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1164.36,1167.311"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take the blame.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1167.311,1168.195"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1168.195,1170.445"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Now the second serious thing which has contributed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1171.34,1174.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the kinds of problems we are facing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1176.47,1179.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A thing that has made us poorer was the breakup of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1181.49,1185.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the East African community in 1977.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1185.9,1189.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So by the breakup of the community Tanzania lost the 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countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1202.13,1204.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Kenya Uganda and Tanzania.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1204.53,1206.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So as a result we had to invest a lot of money most of 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airline,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1221.312,1226.312"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"workshops et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1230.61,1232.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as I said all of these were a very huge drain on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1234.86,1239.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the economy of the country at the time when we were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1239.5,1242.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"already facing these problems of decline in the value","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1242.51,1246.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of our export crops at the same time increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1246.98,1249.602"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the imports.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1249.602,1251.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The third factor which we don't hide that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1253.27,1256.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has really contributed to the economic hardships that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1256.25,1260.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the country is facing today has to do with the war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1260.35,1264.452"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was forced on us by Idi Amin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1264.452,1267.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In actual money terms it's estimated that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1269.71,1272.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this particular war cost us about $500 million","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1272.523,1276.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is a lot of money for a poor economy like ours.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1277.87,1281.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course in addition to the human lives that were 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rented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1561.1,1565.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that most of the raw materials that you need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1567.258,1570.701"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for these industries to run depend on foreign exchange","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1570.701,1575.701"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you have in the country because they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1576.52,1578.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to be imported.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1578.17,1579.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this factor has led to the effect that today when you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1580.32,1584.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a shortage of foreign exchange we find we find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1584.07,1587.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our industries working below capacity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1587.23,1590.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we have some industries whose capacity is as low as 35%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1591.22,1596.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of them could even be lower than that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1596.96,1599.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no doubt to that over the years they appears to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1602.119,1606.695"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been unwarranted increase in the number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1606.695,1610.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of government parastatal organizations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1610.66,1613.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which also seem to have been a drain on the economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1613.1,1616.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally I can say that one major cause that we do admit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1618.568,1623.568"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has led to some of these problems we are facing has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1623.819,1627.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do with our own failure to understand and to practice,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1627.63,1631.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"self-reliance which we have been preaching for many years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1632.79,1636.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That have been depending very much on resources that are not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1636.73,1641.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under our control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1642.82,1644.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now these problems are problems which over the next","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1645.48,1650.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"few years we're really going to address ourselves to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1650.47,1653.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're just now embarking on a program which we refer to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1655.06,1658.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as structural adjustment program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1658.94,1661.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whose main objective is to increase production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1661.54,1665.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and particularly agriculture production and in the areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1665.69,1669.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of cash crops and food crops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1669.69,1672.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Various incentive schemes have been worked out now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1673.76,1677.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and various programs I've been prepared so it's to try","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1677.2,1680.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to address to the faults and the problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1680.92,1684.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I mentioned earlier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1684.01,1685.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're also committed within this particular program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1686.66,1690.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the structural adjustment program to reducing the rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1690.57,1693.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of inflation and this we think can be achieved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1693.86,1696.784"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through a increase in agricultural production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1696.784,1701.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and trying to rationalize our industrial activities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1701.0,1706.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in such a way that we put a greater emphasis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1706.14,1709.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the few industries which are also dependent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1709.01,1712.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on locally produced raw material and which aim","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1712.06,1715.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at producing some of the basic consumer goods demanded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1715.7,1720.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the majority of the people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1720.9,1723.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are of course in connection with this determined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1725.16,1728.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to elevate the foreign exchange shortage by again mobilizing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1728.21,1733.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the peasants and whatever resources we might have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1735.09,1738.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or might spare for production of cash crops with a view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1738.75,1743.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of building our own capacity to buy the imported materials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1747.5,1752.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other kinds of goods which can be used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1756.417,1760.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for stimulating development within the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1760.23,1763.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in short we really determined to increase productivity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1765.08,1768.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in all fields including improving the management of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1768.11,1773.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the public sector.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1774.23,1775.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the long term aspect of structural adjustment program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1777.24,1781.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involves improved incentive systems and working out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1781.62,1786.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a better order of expenditure and production priorities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1786.13,1789.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well briefly those are comments I wanted to share with you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1793.18,1798.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I hope will be a basis for the kind of discussions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1798.81,1802.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that can follow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1802.69,1804.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know a lot has been written about what is happening,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1804.05,1807.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened in Tanzania and the kind of problems we are facing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1807.76,1811.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I hope that I've been able to summarize some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1811.8,1814.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the main problems and that I'll be very willing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1814.17,1818.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to exchange views with you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1818.09,1820.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1821.81,1823.432"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1823.432,1825.849"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1832.411,1833.411"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1837.53,1838.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I have two questions one is Tanzania embarked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1839.968,1843.885"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a new kind of approach development in the third world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1846.903,1851.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and everybody else was very curious you know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1853.555,1856.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paying attention and seeing which way you go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1856.9,1859.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first question is do you believe in Tanzania that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1861.132,1865.822"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of this new strategy you are trying to use,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1865.822,1870.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps you'll need to be patient for a while before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1870.06,1873.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you see the results?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1874.84,1876.908"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you believe that how long are you prepared","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1876.908,1879.207"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be patient?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1879.207,1880.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1880.1,1881.985"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The second part is to do with the foreign resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1881.985,1886.985"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(inaudible)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1887.089,1888.638"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Invest for the third world and they were prepared","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1888.638,1890.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to see it through.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1890.637,1891.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But apparently things have not worked the way you and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1893.48,1898.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the donors expected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1898.35,1900.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I like to ask you to relate your experiences particularly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1900.68,1905.087"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the World Bank 'cause I know you had a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1905.087,1907.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of terrible experiences with them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1907.157,1909.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you could relate your experiences with the World Bank","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1911.306,1914.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what you think the rest of the third world countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1914.18,1916.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can learn from those experiences because I know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1916.92,1920.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your negotiation with World Bank were kind of different from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1921.85,1924.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the way the other countries were going about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1924.8,1929.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes I think I'll try to combine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1929.233,1931.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the two questions together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1931.32,1932.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The one that has to do with the patience and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1934.734,1937.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our friends attitude towards what we are doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1941.08,1944.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their growing impatience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1944.99,1946.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the issue is really who should be patient we or they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1947.218,1951.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because it's true we agree that we do get a lot of aid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1955.24,1960.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from friendly countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1963.14,1965.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact if I'm not wrong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1965.82,1968.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our development expenditure last year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1968.47,1970.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think I'm not quite sure maybe I should","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1972.075,1974.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not even mention the percentage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1974.7,1976.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But a substantial amount of the money that we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1976.69,1980.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were using comes from friendly countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1980.59,1984.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But as you know this money is not given to the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1985.46,1990.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then the country decides on how it wants to use it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1991.77,1994.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quite often and almost always the donors come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=1995.45,2000.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with projects which they have in mind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2001.06,2003.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They might even come your country without projects but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2004.21,2006.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they discuss with you about some of the programs you have,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2006.82,2010.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the priorities you have and then they decide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2010.32,2013.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"themselves which projects they want to invest on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2013.21,2016.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this investments might not necessarily be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2017.33,2019.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of very high priority in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2019.73,2022.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of your own investment programs that you might have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2022.51,2027.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So then this has resulted in investment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2028.14,2031.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some very major projects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2031.41,2034.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whose return will take a long time to realize.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2034.44,2038.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now investment in something like the railway line","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2038.18,2041.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example you know will take some 50 40 years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2042.1,2045.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to really start getting the returns from them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2045.81,2048.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same thing with the investment in highways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2048.68,2052.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and investments of a few other kinds of activities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2052.38,2056.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this is one aspect that quite often we do really ignore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2056.98,2061.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's very easy to say that you know over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2061.7,2062.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the last 10 years so many billions of dollars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2062.95,2065.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been given to Tanzania.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2065.94,2067.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But still you find that Tanzanians are not able to produce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2067.63,2071.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their own food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2071.64,2072.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this money was not meant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2072.473,2073.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to assist Tanzanians produce food it was given to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2073.64,2077.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the country for projects that some of them may be were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2077.22,2079.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not at all related to food production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2079.703,2082.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you get a billion dollars or shillings in our case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2083.144,2086.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to build an airport that really is not going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2086.85,2090.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards improving production capacity in the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2090.28,2094.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you can't blame Tanzanians for being unable to 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for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2123.73,2128.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or we are trying to bring about in the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2128.32,2130.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the development of the people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2130.2,2132.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but at the same time we want the people themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2132.9,2135.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be involved in bringing about that kind of development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2135.05,2137.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which means that it's going to be a slow process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2137.97,2140.369"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's lots of education has to take place,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2140.369,2142.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of give and take has to take place et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2142.51,2146.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So as far as we're concerned we're not yet 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ultimately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2154.529,2159.529"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the objectives which we have set for ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2160.25,2162.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this we know it will take time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2162.55,2164.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are somehow impatient also and I think its a good thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2165.77,2168.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be impatient because that is what would force you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2168.23,2171.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to work harder that some of these things could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2171.5,2174.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be achieved much faster than they have been achieved so far.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2174.32,2178.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the issue of patience requires some kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2179.442,2183.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of understanding from both sides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2183.03,2185.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know if I've been able to respond satisfactorily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2187.97,2192.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to your comment or question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2192.16,2194.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well with reference to the world bank","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2198.41,2200.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's somehow difficult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2206.03,2207.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think the World Bank I think has not been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2207.19,2211.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a very big problem as such maybe it has been more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2211.71,2214.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the International Monetary Fund which we rely upon really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2214.95,2219.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for giving us money to help us deal with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2220.75,2223.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the physical problems that we're facing in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2223.43,2226.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the country just now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2226.32,2227.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like all other third world countries the kind of loans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2229.083,2233.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we expect to get from them have got some conditions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2233.43,2238.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the problem we are facing with them has to do really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2239.63,2242.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the kinds of conditions which they are attached","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2242.82,2245.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the loan that we're asking for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2246.403,2249.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We feel that the conditions might detract us from 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people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2259.56,2261.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at the same time we feel too that even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2262.0,2265.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on purely technical grounds some of the solutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2265.43,2270.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they propose or might not and sometimes we have reason","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2270.193,2274.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to believe that are not going to solve the specific problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2274.15,2278.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which have been identified by both them and ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2278.52,2281.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's very easy for example to come 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countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2353.16,2356.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is also in our interest that there should be some kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2356.75,2360.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of understanding between IMF and ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2360.38,2362.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes please.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2366.06,2366.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I've got few 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industries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2370.76,2372.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm interested in how you want to approach this are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2372.7,2375.216"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these going to be controlled 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have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2378.133,2380.377"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the national organization giving this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2380.377,2382.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was the first question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2382.797,2384.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Second question deals with you mentioned that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2384.1,2387.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have problems with imports which definitely goes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2387.87,2391.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"usually Africans export the primary products get processed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2392.13,2395.961"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then send them back to us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2395.961,2398.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And is there any efforts on the path we chose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2398.333,2402.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you're aware we're probably the only country in Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2402.26,2405.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's not political aware but of course I do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2405.663,2408.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Say as nations we have to come together and put some of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2408.35,2412.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our resources and start some industries that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2412.84,2415.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we need regionally is it in and part of your country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2415.21,2418.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to put some African nations together?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2418.3,2421.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What you say to Kenya?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2421.77,2423.179"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're not in very good terms with Kenya.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2423.179,2425.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like Zimbabwe like Mali so 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Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2438.83,2439.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well the reference to small-scale industry we've,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2439.663,2441.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"established a small industrial development 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countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2579.292,2580.959"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is an issue that really is not technological.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2581.9,2586.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe for our own survival whether we like it or 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SADC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2630.89,2635.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's an association involving a number of countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2635.44,2639.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in South and Eastern 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communications,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2648.09,2651.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of industrialization of trade et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2651.75,2655.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And very fortunately this particular organization has 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behind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2671.01,2672.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this particular organization was to try to free","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2672.75,2675.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the countries of Southern Africa from dependence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2675.42,2678.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2678.47,2680.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Especially the areas of communication and industrialization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2680.36,2683.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2689.05,2689.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Some schools of thought tended to forward the argument","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2692.368,2696.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in your abroad started involvement you have tended","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2696.38,2701.066"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to emphasize inequity at the expense of ignoring efficiency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2701.066,2706.066"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2706.64,2709.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly there is a growing sort of belief that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2710.77,2714.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever problems Africa is facing the origin of the causes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2717.451,2722.368"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are maybe from the national government system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2723.54,2726.686"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or something like that whereas some of the things that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2726.686,2731.686"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are been done to the extent that maybe as Tanzania itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2731.82,2736.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a country or as a sovereign state maybe undertaking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2738.278,2741.638"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on certain maybe projects beyond its own capacity like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2741.638,2746.138"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example being an active member of the primary states","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2747.7,2752.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maybe wasn't Uganda like have you any experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2755.264,2759.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as somebody who has been a descendant in those lands?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2761.227,2766.227"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2769.366,2771.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well first I would not like to say that I'm really.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=2777.61,2780.093"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22640/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/640/original/AV203305_National_Building_a.vtt?1613498253","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/640/original/AV203305_National_Building_a.vtt?1613498253"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22641","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203305_National_Building_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687/transcript/22641/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Announcer] May I have your attention we would like to go ahead and start the evening lecture. This is not amplification it's simply the tape recording so, we will have to speak loud enough for everyone to hear and I have called that to the attention of our speaker. So in case any of you do have trouble hearing if you will signal him then he will know that he may need to speak louder in this particular room. There are plenty of seats down closer if anyone would like to move up. Some of you have as I have had the opportunity of hearing our speaker in a couple of other occasions today and so we know what you have to look forward to if you have not had that opportunity as yet. We found that he is a very articulate, interesting representative of some of the African development problems and issues. And in this case of course particularly with respect to his country of Tanzania. Now those of you who are interested in economic development and particularly in African development will know that in the last two decades Tanzania has been a place to go. If you were a serious scholar of African development you had to at least touch down in Tanzania. And so they've had many people parachuting in for a week or short visits to learn about the Tanzanian experience. We are getting some of our education without having to do that by having the good fortune of welcoming to our campus a person who's very knowledgeable and very involved in the economic development experience in Tanzania. Our speaker tonight Dr Justin Maeda studied in the United States graduate degrees PhD in Political Science from Yale University has been a faculty member at the University of Dar ES Salaam was the director of the Institute for development studies at that university as well as being on the faculty of the university. And currently is serving as special assistant to President Nyerere of Tanzania with the responsibilities and economic development particularly in rural development. And so it is with that background that he comes to us tonight to speak on the topic of nation building the Tanzanian experience the format that we will use, Dr. Maeda is planning to make a presentation of about 45 minutes. After which there will be time for questions from the audience. So many of you I'm sure we'll have questions that you would like to ask Dr. Maeda after the end of his formal lecture. I am very pleased to present to you our guest for the evening Dr. Justin Maeda.\r\n\r\n- Thank you very much for the introduction. I'll just like to start by expressing my deep appreciation for being given this unique opportunity to speak to you. I've been in this country now for about four days, I have about 10 days left. And during my trip in this part of the world I was informed that there was a group with this university that was keen to listen to some of the experiences of struggling against underdevelopment in Tanzania. So I'll try to be really brief hoping that the introduction will be a basis for some kind of discussions that we might have later. I'd like to start by saying that we should note that we are discussing a country that is overwhelmingly rural. And 90% of the 20 million people in Tanzania are peasants who are living in the rural areas earning their livelihood from subsistence farming. That in itself has some implications. Consequently the basis or rather the backbone of the country's economy is agriculture. So when you are talking about the development as a starting point really we're talking about developing the agricultural potential. So if there is an economic crisis in Tanzania it is basically a crisis related to agriculture. Agriculture contributes about 40% of the gross national product of the country. Agriculture contributes over 80% of all the foreign exchange earnings of the country. By comparison industry contributes about 10% to 10.6% two three years ago now it's dropped to about 9%. We're also talking about the country whose level of social and economic development is very low. The gross national product per capita in 1980 was around $280. Consequently Tanzania is regarded as one of the 20 least developed countries in the world. Infant mortality in Tanzania in 1980 was about 103 per 1000. This a slight improvement compared to 1960, one year before independence when infant mortality was about 155 per 1000. Life expectancy of death in 1980 was 52 years. We know that I think American standard is about 74 if I'm not wrong. This also we think is a great improvement from 1960 when life expectancy was 42 years. Adult literacy in 1977 was about 66% it's about 69% now. Again this is a great improvement from 1960 when it was only 10%. Well this basic facts are important to note because then maybe they could try to explain to us why we are facing the kinds of problems we are facing for the time being. We're not talking about Tanzania we should not do that we're talking about a country whose national capacity to initiate the development is limited, partly by the factors I've mentioned, partly by other factors that we are going to discuss about. The average annual growth in Tanzania between 1960 and 1980 was overall 1.9%. The average annual rate of inflation between 1970 and 1980 was 11.9%. Now it is estimated to be over 25%. Average annual growth rate of agricultural production which is the backbone of the economy of the country has been between 1970 and 1980 only 4.9%. And another fact that could be of relevance to our discussion is the external debt as the percentage of the gross national product is 27.6% this is by the 1980. So these figures do indicate the kinds of constraints within which we are operating. Finally we are also or rather we should note that we are talking really about the country which although the basis of its economy is agriculture. The agriculture itself is peasant based and subsistence oriented. This does have certain implications when we're talking about trying to mobilize the land resources we have and the people resources to bring about development of this particular sector. So the real issue that we face is how to make subsistence agriculture form basis for capital formation in such a country so that it becomes the engine of economic growth of the country. Now during the past 10 to 12 years agricultural production in both cash crops and food crops has been declining. Now because of its dominant role in the lives of the people and in the economy of the nation as a whole this decline in agricultural production has greatly contributed to the economic crisis facing the country. Our agriculture suffers from several factors. One of them is its scale of operation which characterizes peasant and subsistence based agriculture. The other factor is its poor technological base which again comes from the fact that we rely still on the hoe as the main instrument for agricultural production. We rely on rain, rain which we don't have control over. And that because of the factors I've mentioned above the economy has not been able to provide this sector with sufficient inputs such as high yielding varieties of seeds, such as fertilizers insecticides et cetera et cetera which can contribute to increase production. Agriculture also suffers from its poor organization in terms of production this is mostly due to its small scale. And again this can be attributed to the factors I have mentioned above. This same sector does also suffer from absence of sufficient incentives which could be used as a means of motivating the peasants to produce for cash. This one can say can be attributed to the pricing system that might exist could be one of the factors. The other factor could be the marketing arrangements that do exist that they can serve as disincentive. Or that it can also be contributed by fact that there aren't sufficient consumer goods or non-farming goods which could act as a kind of a stimulant for the peasants to produce for surplus sell the surplus and use the money they get for buying the goods. So when the goods are not available one can say it could also be some form of disincentive to increase agricultural production especially the marketed or marketable agriculture or surplus. Agriculture also in Tanzania does suffer from poor agricultural extension services. The organization itself the type of systems we have and the mode of operation can contribute to increase the agricultural production. And I would like to argue that the way in which extension services have operated so far have not really contributed sufficiently to the increase in agriculture production. We could also say that agriculture does suffer from inadequate investments in this sector as compared maybe to what should have been done or to the other sectors. One could also say that another factor that contributes to the decline in agricultural production has to do with insufficient linkage with the other supportive sectors, particularly the transportation sector and also the industrial sector. It doesn't really promote agriculture if means and facilities for transporting what is produced from the producers to the markets are there. Or if for example industries don't manufacture the kinds of inputs that are required to develop agriculture. And finally I can say that agriculture in Tanzania does also suffer from its overdependence on inputs for its development. So you find that to develop agriculture you need to invest a great deal in facilities in factors which rely on foreign exchange which is not available. So there is a some kind of vicious cycle, because to get foreign exchange you have to increase agricultural production but increase agricultural production you need foreign exchange to do that. But this internal problem which is confronting the country is compounded by other complex problems which are by no means limited to Tanzania. So in order to understand the complexity of the problems, undermining the efforts for nation building in Tanzania it is important to elucidate some of the causes of these problems. And I am going to divide these problems into or this causes into three types of causes. The first cause will be the causes that are beyond the control of Tanzania. And the second one the causes which I can say caused by problem of success. Sometimes success can be a positive thing sometimes it can be a negative thing. Often I think often it is a combination of both, but I'll try to explain that. And the third cause or set of causes will be causes attributed to our own failures. I promised that I was going to be very open here and frank with the view of trying to expose as many of you as possible to the really practical problems of initiating development in a poor country like Tanzania a country that is dependent very much on the international system. Now causes that are beyond our control, I would like to name just three or four of them. The first one is the problem that most of the third world countries the non industrialized countries and particularly the non oil producing countries have been complaining about is the problem of the world prices. That is price or prices of everything that we are buying from abroad and note that we are really net importers in all aspects have been going up many times. And if I can give as an example that in 1977, Tanzania imported less oil compared to 1972 but at the same time we paid about eight times more for that oil. In 1982 we spent nearly 60% of all our export earnings on importing just crude oil. Likewise in 1972 a seven tone truck cost about $7,000 in Tanzania while in 1977 that same truck cost about $15,000 it's about twice as much. So at the same time as the price of all our imports was going up the money we could earn from some of our major exports has been going down. So we used to receive for example $4 per kilogram for the best malt coffee in 1977. But in 1982 we received an average of $2.50 a price drop of over 40%. And you note that coffee in Tanzania it's our major export. So such a big decline in world price of coffee, involves actually redoing the whole budget. Now put these two sets of figures together there is the price of the goods you have to buy going up and the price you get for the goods you sell going down we are faced with a problem which is not of our making. So to buy a seven ton truck in 1981 we had to produce and sell abroad about four times as much cotton, or three times as much cashew, or three times as much coffee, or 10 times as much tobacco as you had to produce and sell in 1977. Now this is a problem that you can not blame us for. I can not blame you for either but somebody has to take the blame.\r\n\r\n- Now the second serious thing which has contributed to the kinds of problems we are facing. A thing that has made us poorer was the breakup of the East African community in 1977. So by the breakup of the community Tanzania lost the power to use many vital services that were jointly built for common use by the countries of Kenya Uganda and Tanzania. So as a result we had to invest a lot of money most of it in foreign currency to build vital services like, maintenance hangars embark on a new national airline, workshops et cetera. And as I said all of these were a very huge drain on the economy of the country at the time when we were already facing these problems of decline in the value of our export crops at the same time increase of the imports. The third factor which we don't hide that has really contributed to the economic hardships that the country is facing today has to do with the war that was forced on us by Idi Amin. In actual money terms it's estimated that this particular war cost us about $500 million and that is a lot of money for a poor economy like ours. Of course in addition to the human lives that were lost although relatively speaking really it was not very high. And finally the other factor that I should mention here which is really beyond our control has to do with the weather. Since 1972 also the weather appears to have been rather hostile to us to the extent that it is very much contributed to the decline in agricultural production. Not only production of cash crops but even food crops the result of which we are forced to spend even the little foreign exchange we have to import food. Now the second course which I thought I should mention is related to the problems of success. The first problem has to do with rising expectations, following initial investments in certain basic services which have contributed to raising or rather to changing people's attitudes and values and consequently raise their expectations. So that there is a greater need or demand for balanced diet now, there as the greater demand for clothing decent clothing as a result of campaigns for primary education therefore we are forced certainly to build schools train teachers, provide teaching material et cetera all of this actually being a serious drain on the economy. And then of course following the building up of dispensaries and health care facilities all over the country. Obviously we're forced with the need to buy drugs to equip these units with the required materials et cetera. So then achievement in education for example has increased the demand upon our resources in the areas of training more teachers, buying books and also certainly buying the equipments that are essential for teaching purposes. In 1961 for example when we Tanzania became independent about half a million children were attending primary schools for four years. But now we have three and a half million children staying in school for at least seven years. We could name also a few other things that contribute to demands that are put into the system demands which make it much more difficult for the system really to determine what to do and what not to do. I could mention for example the establishment of an industrial and transport sector which puts demand on foreign exchange for trucks for machines, for fuel for spare parts et cetera. We can also cite achievement of preventive and curative health care. Which demanding higher investment in a program that is to do with providing clean water to families particularly in the rural areas and which also of course call for increased investment in programs that have to do with immunization. Now the third set of causes are courses which as I said earlier are attributed to our own failures. We do admit that over the years there's been a growing indiscipline in industries and other workplaces it could be related to over employment. We do agree to that because of the industrialization pattern that we embarked on we ended up or that we find ourselves now with having industries which are import or rented. So that most of the raw materials that you need for these industries to run depend on foreign exchange that you have in the country because they have to be imported. And this factor has led to the effect that today when you have a shortage of foreign exchange we find we find our industries working below capacity. So we have some industries whose capacity is as low as 35% some of them could even be lower than that. There is no doubt to that over the years they appears to have been unwarranted increase in the number of government parastatal organizations which also seem to have been a drain on the economy. Finally I can say that one major cause that we do admit that has led to some of these problems we are facing has to do with our own failure to understand and to practice, self-reliance which we have been preaching for many years. That have been depending very much on resources that are not under our control. Now these problems are problems which over the next few years we're really going to address ourselves to. We're just now embarking on a program which we refer to as structural adjustment program. Whose main objective is to increase production and particularly agriculture production and in the areas of cash crops and food crops. Various incentive schemes have been worked out now and various programs I've been prepared so it's to try to address to the faults and the problems that I mentioned earlier. We're also committed within this particular program the structural adjustment program to reducing the rate of inflation and this we think can be achieved through a increase in agricultural production and trying to rationalize our industrial activities in such a way that we put a greater emphasis on the few industries which are also dependent on locally produced raw material and which aim at producing some of the basic consumer goods demanded by the majority of the people. We are of course in connection with this determined to elevate the foreign exchange shortage by again mobilizing the peasants and whatever resources we might have or might spare for production of cash crops with a view of building our own capacity to buy the imported materials and other kinds of goods which can be used for stimulating development within the country. So in short we really determined to increase productivity in all fields including improving the management of the public sector. So the long term aspect of structural adjustment program, involves improved incentive systems and working out a better order of expenditure and production priorities. Well briefly those are comments I wanted to share with you which I hope will be a basis for the kind of discussions that can follow. I know a lot has been written about what is happening, happened in Tanzania and the kind of problems we are facing. And I hope that I've been able to summarize some of the main problems and that I'll be very willing to exchange views with you. Thank you.\r\n\r\n- Sure sure. Yes sir.\r\n\r\n- I have two questions one is Tanzania embarked on a new kind of approach development in the third world and everybody else was very curious you know? Paying attention and seeing which way you go. The first question is do you believe in Tanzania that because of this new strategy you are trying to use, perhaps you'll need to be patient for a while before you see the results? And if you believe that how long are you prepared to be patient?\r\n\r\n- The second part is to do with the foreign resources.\r\n\r\n- Invest for the third world and they were prepared to see it through. But apparently things have not worked the way you and the donors expected. I like to ask you to relate your experiences particularly with the World Bank 'cause I know you had a lot of terrible experiences with them. If you could relate your experiences with the World Bank and what you think the rest of the third world countries can learn from those experiences because I know your negotiation with World Bank were kind of different from the way the other countries were going about it.\r\n\r\n- Yes I think I'll try to combine the two questions together. The one that has to do with the patience and our friends attitude towards what we are doing their growing impatience. Now the issue is really who should be patient we or they? Because it's true we agree that we do get a lot of aid from friendly countries. And in fact if I'm not wrong our development expenditure last year I think I'm not quite sure maybe I should not even mention the percentage. But a substantial amount of the money that we were using comes from friendly countries. But as you know this money is not given to the country and then the country decides on how it wants to use it. Quite often and almost always the donors come with projects which they have in mind. They might even come your country without projects but they discuss with you about some of the programs you have, some of the priorities you have and then they decide themselves which projects they want to invest on. And this investments might not necessarily be of very high priority in terms of your own investment programs that you might have. So then this has resulted in investment in some very major projects whose return will take a long time to realize. Now investment in something like the railway line for example you know will take some 50 40 years to really start getting the returns from them. The same thing with the investment in highways and investments of a few other kinds of activities. Now this is one aspect that quite often we do really ignore. So it's very easy to say that you know over the last 10 years so many billions of dollars have been given to Tanzania. But still you find that Tanzanians are not able to produce their own food. But this money was not meant to assist Tanzanians produce food it was given to the country for projects that some of them may be were not at all related to food production. If you get a billion dollars or shillings in our case to build an airport that really is not going towards improving production capacity in the country. So you can't blame Tanzanians for being unable to increase the production of food. When you compare that capacity with the aid that has been flowing into the country. And with the reference of course to realizing the objectives that we've set ourselves to achieve, honestly we didn't give ourselves timeframe for that. We would like to as I said earlier this afternoon to ensure that the kind of development we're aspiring for or we are trying to bring about in the country is the development of the people, but at the same time we want the people themselves to be involved in bringing about that kind of development. Which means that it's going to be a slow process and there's lots of education has to take place, a lot of give and take has to take place et cetera. So as far as we're concerned we're not yet really at the solution I mean we feel that we've laid the foundation that would enable us to achieve ultimately the objectives which we have set for ourselves. And this we know it will take time we are somehow impatient also and I think its a good thing to be impatient because that is what would force you to work harder that some of these things could be achieved much faster than they have been achieved so far. But the issue of patience requires some kind of understanding from both sides. I don't know if I've been able to respond satisfactorily to your comment or question. Well with reference to the world bank that's somehow difficult. I don't think the World Bank I think has not been a very big problem as such maybe it has been more the International Monetary Fund which we rely upon really for giving us money to help us deal with the physical problems that we're facing in the country just now. Like all other third world countries the kind of loans we expect to get from them have got some conditions. And the problem we are facing with them has to do really with the kinds of conditions which they are attached to the loan that we're asking for. We feel that the conditions might detract us from doing what we think is in the final analysis in the interest of the country and of the people. And at the same time we feel too that even on purely technical grounds some of the solutions they propose or might not and sometimes we have reason to believe that are not going to solve the specific problems which have been identified by both them and ourselves. So it's very easy for example to come up with general statements or conclusions that have to do for example with devaluation with abolishing price controls, abolishing irrespective of the objectives some of the marketing boats that we have in the country. And a few other kinds of conditions which they give which we think that even if we don't take into account the political objectives behind some of these measures we don't think that they'll really achieve the other economic objectives which our colleagues in the IMF do attach. But we are still negotiating with the IMF because we need the money. And not so much we need the money from the IMF it involves a very little sum of the money but because of the composition in terms of membership of the IMF for us also to get goodwill with the donor countries the friendly countries it is also in our interest that there should be some kind of understanding between IMF and ourselves. Yes please.\r\n\r\n- I've got few questions. This afternoon you said that you wanted to start small scale industries. I'm interested in how you want to approach this are these going to be controlled by\r\n\r\n- Or these are going to be we're gonna have the national organization giving this? That was the first question. Second question deals with you mentioned that you have problems with imports which definitely goes, usually Africans export the primary products get processed and then send them back to us. And is there any efforts on the path we chose as you're aware we're probably the only country in Africa that's not political aware but of course I do. Say as nations we have to come together and put some of our resources and start some industries that we need regionally is it in and part of your country to put some African nations together? What you say to Kenya? You're not in very good terms with Kenya. Like Zimbabwe like Mali so that you can have some retail industries that you can manage, put resources together get management\r\n\r\n- Yeah. Well the reference to small-scale industry we've, established a small industrial development organization a government parastatal organization whose main function actually is to develop the potential for emergence of small scale industries in Tanzania and give the small scale industries the technical know-how or assistance and also financial support for establishment of this small scaled industries. Now being small-scale industries our assumption is that they are going to be established by individuals groups of individuals. And some of them definitely are going to be established and have been established by villages. Because the way in which our villages are organized today is such that they operate not only as political units but also as economic production oriented units. And such through collective ownership and the management that they can and they do invest in small scale industrial undertakings and also other commercial undertakings. That is one way of doing it. Another way of course is to try to encourage groups of individuals as individuals or as cooperative units to give them the technical support they need and financial support they need. But the idea I personally have with reference to small-scale industries is not only confined to this small units but I think also as a government we should put more emphasis on smaller units of production because of the fact that these kinds of units are likely to require less technology they are likely also to use the locally available raw material. And therefore also they're much easier for us to manage and run and make that the basis of development. There's been a practice in many of our countries to embark on large-scale capital intensive industrial undertakings which I don't think really are suitable for countries like ourselves, especially when you have a surplus of labor. Now with the reference to cooperation with the other countries. This is an issue that really is not technological. I believe for our own survival whether we like it or not our economies are too small to operate in isolation from each other. And we have to find the means in which we can mobilize our resources and build a larger market we had as you know yourself of course this experience with the East African Community for some reasons the community was broken up. Some of us are still hopeful that sooner or later some arrangement will be worked out for cooperation. It's important of course for this kind of cooperation to be based on also mutual benefit. And that efforts that have been taken in the Southern part of Africa to establish what we call SADC. It's an association involving a number of countries in South and Eastern Africa. And really what we're aiming at is to try to identify the potential for cooperation in the area of communications, of industrialization of trade et cetera. And very fortunately this particular organization has had a lot of support also from media international bodies which have committed funds and other resources to assist us to take off. The original intention really behind this particular organization was to try to free the countries of Southern Africa from dependence on South Africa. Especially the areas of communication and industrialization. Yes sir.\r\n\r\n- Some schools of thought tended to forward the argument that in your abroad started involvement you have tended to emphasize inequity at the expense of ignoring efficiency. Secondly there is a growing sort of belief that whatever problems Africa is facing the origin of the causes are maybe from the national government system or something like that whereas some of the things that are been done to the extent that maybe as Tanzania itself as a country or as a sovereign state maybe undertaking on certain maybe projects beyond its own capacity like for example being an active member of the primary states and maybe wasn't Uganda like have you any experience as somebody who has been a descendant in those lands?\r\n\r\n- Well first I would not like to say that I'm really.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105687#t=0.0,2785.01878"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well first, I would not like to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=9.17,10.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm really at the center.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=10.69,12.061"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chuckles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=12.061,12.894"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Such I'd prefer to consider myself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=12.894,15.501"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as being in the periphery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=15.501,17.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=17.147,18.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=18.77,19.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, with the reference to the issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=20.68,21.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on equity vis-`a-vis efficiency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=21.96,25.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think, it is some schools of thought,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=25.69,29.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have this kind of view,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=29.35,31.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there're also other schools of thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=31.58,33.776"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which have a different view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=33.776,35.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think we do emphasize equity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=37.939,40.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the expense of efficiency,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=40.34,42.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we're emphasizing both of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=42.47,44.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't see the contradiction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=45.92,49.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because sometimes you can achieve greater efficiency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=49.49,53.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you make equity the objective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=53.52,57.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it could be also a motivating factor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=57.05,59.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, we are all entitled to our own values","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=61.26,64.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we attach to that kind of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=66.27,68.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With reference to the second question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=70.59,72.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think really I can give you any answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=72.21,75.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=77.956,78.789"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, I think before, yes, yes doctor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=80.596,84.046"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I wanted to ask with respect to priorities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=84.046,86.346"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in your development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=86.346,88.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are you placing a priority emphasis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=89.463,92.141"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on village level assistance agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=92.141,97.141"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or on larger production units?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=97.92,100.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you enlighten us a little bit more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=100.44,103.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on where your emphasis is on production development?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=103.36,108.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I think the emphasis just now really is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=108.01,110.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on small scale production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=110.4,115.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and small scale production is of two types.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=116.13,119.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is the purely individual peasant production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=119.6,123.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that we are investing some resources to try","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=123.98,127.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make it more productive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=127.97,130.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that instead of getting five bags of corn from one acre,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=130.28,135.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the use of modern farming techniques, proper spacing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=137.98,142.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right time to grow, use of fertilizers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=144.53,147.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we hope that this peasant could produce 25","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=147.71,152.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or 30 bags from that one acre.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=152.43,154.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's that potential to actually triple","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=155.36,158.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sometimes have five times as much from the sale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=158.27,161.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And by so doing, we know that he will have more for himself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=161.73,165.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the family and that there's the potential for him","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=165.47,168.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to produce surplus, which he can sell to feed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=168.77,172.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those in the urban areas, et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=172.06,174.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=174.687,175.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second type of small-scale I would like to refer to it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=175.52,178.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still small scale farming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=178.09,179.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been the communal farms that are been embarked on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=179.89,184.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many of the villages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=185.12,187.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're small because really the vary from 20 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surplus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=205.84,208.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the money that is obtained from this kind of production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=209.44,212.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is used partly for 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farms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=229.83,232.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are certain types of crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=232.53,234.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which by their nature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=234.89,237.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to run them on a large-scale basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=237.03,241.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, cultivation or production of sisal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=241.37,245.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no way in which sisal can be economic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=246.899,249.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it is growing on a small scale,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=249.61,251.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you need a minimum of two, 3000 acres,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=251.55,254.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to really make it economically viable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=254.78,256.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also sugarcane plantations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=258.01,260.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can have of course, out growers, few","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=261.11,264.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you can't base a whole industry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=264.05,266.488"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such an important industry entirely on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=266.488,269.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out growers or small-scale production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=269.33,272.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then there are, the tea 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villagers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=279.88,283.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although there're a few large scale farms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=283.82,286.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are being 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viable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=292.68,297.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they appear to require a lot of capital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=299.71,302.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which we really don't have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=303.66,305.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I can see that for unforeseeable future,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=305.7,310.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are really going to concentrate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=310.37,312.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on small scale production by the peasants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=312.09,317.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and by their villages, because their 100, 200,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=317.187,321.034"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"300 acres could be very easily taken care of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=321.034,324.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the use of ox ploughs, for example. et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=324.42,327.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There has been of course, a competition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=330.13,332.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between food crop production and cash crop production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=332.44,336.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For us to be able to develop agriculture as we said earlier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=337.62,340.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we need to invest on production of goods","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=340.22,344.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that can enable us to earn foreign currency,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=344.06,346.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because even for production of food","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=346.61,348.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is some input requirement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=348.82,351.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you find that an increasing number of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=352.73,357.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are finding it more attractive to invest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=358.22,361.379"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on some of the food crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=361.379,363.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because even when you compare","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=363.78,365.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the labor together with the price","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=365.74,368.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is involved in cash crop production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=368.49,371.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as compared to the same amount of labor and the price","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=371.7,375.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's involved in food crop production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=375.55,377.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I find that there is a great attraction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=377.72,379.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to produce food crops especially maize,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=379.63,383.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"corn, beans et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=383.433,386.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know what's going to happen in the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=388.86,391.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The government might be encouraged to maybe invest more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=394.22,398.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the area of large scale farming,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=398.4,400.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but again, as a result of the villagisation policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=400.43,404.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have had in Tanzania,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=404.74,406.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an increasing number of people have found greater security","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=406.49,410.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in going to their villages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=410.27,412.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then own their piece of 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matter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=416.46,418.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So many of the large scale farms, are finding it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=418.39,420.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very difficult today to get labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=420.92,422.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And many of the private farmers, actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=425.67,428.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we still have also settler farmers in Tanzania,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=428.03,430.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but one of the main complaints they have today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=430.38,432.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"besides of course, spare parts for their tractors and fuel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=432.95,437.602"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The major complaint they have today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=437.602,439.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the scarcity of labor because almost everybody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=439.687,442.685"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seems to be encouraged to go back to his village","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=442.685,447.192"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then lead the most secure life there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=447.192,451.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You had a question?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=454.62,455.944"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh yeah","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=455.944,457.194"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(clears throat)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=457.194,459.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well if Tanzania discovered oil today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=459.4,464.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it will right away ask","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=464.974,466.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"multinational corporations to go into Tanzania","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=467.829,470.944"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the drill the oil,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=470.944,472.957"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=472.957,473.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they have the technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=473.79,474.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=474.623,475.615"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Now Tanzania right now has surplus land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=475.615,477.816"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=477.816,478.649"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e 20 million in a very big country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=478.649,480.252"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=480.252,481.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And although I appreciate the fact that food crops,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=481.86,485.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, a large part can be produced by small scale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=485.04,488.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by people themselves, peasants or people themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=488.937,493.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When it comes to cash crops like sugar cane","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=493.11,495.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or when it comes to cash crops like sunflower","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=495.96,498.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for oil crops for manufacturing soap for the people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=498.493,503.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The government closes the door for these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=507.69,510.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside corporations to come and grow sugar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=510.35,513.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and produce surplus sugar so that everybody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=513.27,515.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has access to sugar or you know, grow sunflower","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=515.58,519.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or some of these oil so that they can produce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=519.92,523.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, surplus soap in the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=523.76,526.384"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that at least everybody has access to soap.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=526.384,529.564"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I really don't know why and how you are you are trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=529.564,534.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to encourage through Ujamaa, trying to encourage people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=534.0,537.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to develop themselves to work very hard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=537.193,539.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While the government cannot provide these essential goods","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=540.757,545.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like soap and the like which you said that are scarce.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=546.39,551.021"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't know who really decides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=551.021,554.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which good is essential and which is not, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=554.12,557.536"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a bicycle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=557.536,558.369"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A government officer in the Dar es Slam","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=559.9,561.754"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will think a bicycle is a luxurious good,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=561.754,564.994"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but if you ask somebody in the rural area will tell you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=564.994,568.084"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a bicycle is essential because he uses it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=568.084,570.544"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for taking his pregnant wife to the hospital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=570.544,574.116"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I can assure you that all of us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=574.116,577.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Tanzania agree that a bicycle is not a luxurious good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=577.03,580.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We say a motorcar luxurious is good, but not a bicycle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=582.0,585.864"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, a bicycle is one of the items","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=585.864,587.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which received very high priority","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=587.49,589.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of trying to find means of producing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=589.94,592.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, every society has the right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=594.43,596.249"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of establishing its own criteria","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=596.249,598.598"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there are certain things that we seem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=598.598,602.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to agree that really reconstitute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=602.62,605.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"essential or basic goods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=605.25,607.939"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're talking about the clothing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=607.939,611.179"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're talking about simple transportation facilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=611.179,612.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like bicycles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=615.05,615.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're talking about common building or construction material","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=615.883,620.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like iron sheets, cements and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=620.49,622.538"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're talking about cooking oil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=622.538,624.438"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're talking about sugar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=624.438,626.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're talking about food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=626.03,627.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, those, I think we don't disagree about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=627.52,629.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The moment we start talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=629.963,631.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"butter, cheese and so forth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=631.74,633.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we are talking about different things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=633.37,635.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And those are what I can consider","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=635.27,636.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are luxurious consumer goods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=636.937,638.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I talk about real investment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=639.878,641.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this basic consumer goods,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=641.943,644.279"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm referring to specifically those goods","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=644.279,646.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which improve the quality of life of a person,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=646.62,650.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they can live at least above subsistence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=650.7,653.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now with reference to encouraging multinationals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=654.61,658.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to invest in large plantations for sugar and so forth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=658.46,662.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so as to solve the problem of sugar,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=662.87,665.276"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's no problem with that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=665.276,667.316"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But any foreign investor who would come into the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=667.316,671.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he would like certain types of assurances,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=671.453,675.376"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or guarantees, that would ensure, that he'll get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=675.376,679.297"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of the country more than what is invested.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=679.297,681.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Otherwise, nobody will come to invest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=681.56,683.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the sake of trying to help you or develop you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=683.37,686.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They come for business, they come to make money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=686.07,688.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So just now the way in which we are operating our economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=688.42,691.316"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it will not be very attractive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=691.316,693.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It will not be at all attractive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=693.32,694.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for foreign investors to come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=694.97,696.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and invest in agricultural production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=696.55,698.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because the returns are such that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=700.52,701.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they're going to produce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=701.93,703.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and everything's going to be consumed in the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=703.24,705.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not going to be interested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=705.25,707.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he would like at least every year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=707.16,709.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to drain it out of the country, a certain amount of money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=709.34,713.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when the country is short of that kind of money,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=714.32,717.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then certainly he's not going to be attracted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=717.46,719.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He might be attracted to invest in some industries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=719.25,722.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but industries which would give him an opportunity, somehow,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=722.14,726.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to ensure that he benefits either directly or indirectly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=726.93,731.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you have, for example, as I give earlier this afternoon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=732.12,734.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the General Tire company from Ohio,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=734.87,737.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that opened the General Tire factory in Tanzania,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=738.18,741.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and invited the government to buy shares in their company.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=741.54,745.432"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have over 70% of the shares.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=745.432,747.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But at the same time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=747.5,749.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he's so sure that he can recover a lot of his 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Malaysia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=756.65,761.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then they can charge any price for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=761.16,762.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So by so doing they can compensate for it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=762.9,764.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so this becomes attractive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=764.77,766.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But for multinational to come and 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country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=773.67,776.639"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there will not be many that will be attracted to do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=776.639,779.489"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=781.72,782.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I was wondering if referring back now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=784.393,786.921"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to small-scale agricultural production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=786.921,790.196"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've talked about increasing production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=790.196,791.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by increasing input into the agricultural system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=791.613,795.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Does that mean you were speaking of fertilizers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=796.99,799.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as being an item, which is causing problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=799.98,804.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in your balance tree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=804.44,806.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or at least if there's something that must be imported","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=807.71,810.136"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and is of high cost?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=810.136,811.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do producers find it economically attractive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=811.47,814.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to use fertilizers and lime soil elements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=814.07,817.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking at their damages and cost?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=820.247,822.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've seen in other situations where its simply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=823.77,826.224"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"willing to pay economically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=826.224,828.574"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=828.574,829.456"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e To use it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=829.456,831.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes I'm not in agricultural business myself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=831.187,833.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I would to argue that in some areas where I've been to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=833.71,838.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually the net result of use of fertilizer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=838.497,842.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been negative.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=842.17,843.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A good substantial state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=843.74,845.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is to do not only with the type of fertilizer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=845.54,849.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or fertilizer per say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=849.117,850.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it also has to do with the extension service.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=850.637,854.887"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That sometimes I feel that there have been some 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time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=869.457,871.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'Cause what I hear from countries that are used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=871.853,873.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to fertilizers is that the combination that you use,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=873.363,878.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this year, might not necessarily be the same combination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=878.36,880.759"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll be using five years to come.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=880.759,882.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But then again, this has to do really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=885.0,886.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with our own capacity to deal with these kinds of 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countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=894.06,896.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly Zimbabwe and Kenya for that matter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=896.73,899.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has not been very widely used as in those countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=899.48,904.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, where it's used very much, is in mostly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=905.45,907.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the kinds of cash crops,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=907.99,909.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which can not grow without fertilizer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=909.7,912.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like tobacco, like tea to some extent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=912.11,915.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There're a few areas in the South in particular","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=915.68,918.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which use fertilizer to grow maize, to grow corn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=918.81,922.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the area I come from, from the North","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=922.92,925.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we have alluvial soil, we've never used fertilizer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=925.3,930.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I know it's going to be very difficult","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=930.84,932.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to convince my mother, to use the fertilizer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=932.11,934.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Even you could convince them because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=935.67,937.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it did improve yields there, say it does improve yields.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=937.48,940.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are you going to be able to convince him to make that outlet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=942.3,945.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of on cash to paper?--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=945.38,947.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e When in the areas where there's been a return","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=948.47,953.105"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from fertilizer actually used,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=953.105,956.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can name two particular regions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=956.98,960.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ruvuma region which grows a lot of corn, and Iringa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=960.773,965.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has surprised me that actual absence of fertilizer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=965.653,969.079"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be a political problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=969.079,970.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And people go after fertilizer more than after sugar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=970.71,974.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah because they've seen the difference,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=975.76,977.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the land is fairly, very poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=977.47,979.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And before they used to get two to three bags from one acre,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=979.45,982.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now they're getting actually an average of 25 bags.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=982.33,985.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of them get up to 55 bags from the same acre","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=985.62,988.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the use of fertilizer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=988.28,989.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So for them, they know the advantage of fertilizer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=989.89,992.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then some people still have some produce,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=995.484,997.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my mother is one of them actually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=997.53,999.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She believes that, and apparently I've been told","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=999.11,1000.647"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, you know, she's right,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1000.647,1002.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that once you start using the fertilizer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1002.65,1004.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you have to continue using it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1004.78,1006.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"otherwise you are spoiling the soil,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1006.05,1007.444"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this, I didn't know until a few years ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1007.444,1008.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when my mother told me that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1008.633,1009.864"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1009.864,1012.614"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes please.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1014.02,1015.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It seems many other few countries have been 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groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1021.739,1022.906"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tribal rivalries, tribalism have been a problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1024.214,1027.939"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many African countries, but it 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Tanzania?--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1034.985,1037.144"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, it's not a major problem when you compare ourselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1037.144,1040.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a lot of the other African countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1040.49,1042.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of the main factors that really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1042.85,1044.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has contributed to 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language","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1048.95,1053.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is spoken by practically every Tanzanian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1053.22,1057.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, although we have over 121 different languages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1057.7,1062.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tribes with different cultures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1063.43,1065.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very fortunately, all of them are small languages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1065.95,1069.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there is no one particular tribe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1069.54,1072.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that really can pose 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politically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1077.88,1079.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you find that the, the largest tribe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1080.51,1082.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is of slightly over a million people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1082.43,1084.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's only big in size,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1084.74,1086.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it doesn't command the economic power in the 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corner","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1100.42,1103.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the country will understand him","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1103.07,1105.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without need for any 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secondary,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1110.18,1113.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then the failures went home, went back to the villages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1113.78,1117.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had been educated for things other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1117.67,1119.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than to contribute in the agriculture production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1119.62,1123.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Has anything changed in 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education,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1132.56,1135.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although I don't know if it has succeeded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1135.92,1138.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in changing the attitudes and values of people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1138.05,1140.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are now emphasizing mostly agricultural oriented kinds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1143.3,1146.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of subjects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1146.6,1147.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we're also trying very hard to integrate now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1147.76,1151.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the primary school education with the life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1151.61,1153.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and realities in the village.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1153.82,1155.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the village council does assume some kind of 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kids","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1164.997,1169.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of the parents to get further to secondary schools.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1169.9,1173.857"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the problem has become much more 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independent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1180.41,1183.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of those who completed primary education, 55% of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1183.17,1188.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could find places in secondary schools","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1189.693,1193.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the ratio now has reached 4.7%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1193.18,1195.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it will be less by next year when the first output","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1198.44,1203.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of universal primary education comes out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1204.56,1207.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because we have now 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child","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1212.06,1215.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an opportunity to go to school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1215.37,1216.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But again, because of the economic realities of the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1216.97,1221.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have not been able to expand the secondary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1221.2,1224.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education at the same level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1224.99,1227.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But as far as we're concerned, really our preoccupation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1229.35,1232.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of education is on primary education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1232.26,1235.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want to make it as a complete education itself so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1235.51,1238.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we impact some skills that are relevant to the kid so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1238.34,1243.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they can be able to lead a much more meaningful life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1243.143,1246.298"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the village.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1246.298,1248.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think to succeed in doing this, there has to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1248.17,1250.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be actually more linkage between what the school is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1250.23,1254.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teaching and what the village can provide in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1254.25,1257.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of opportunity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1257.67,1258.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that the area we have not really succeeded much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1258.88,1263.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes ma'am.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1264.557,1266.032"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e My question is on citizen participation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1266.032,1269.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many people have advocated that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1269.147,1271.792"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the third world, development has deterred","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1271.792,1274.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because citizens, are not involved in the projects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1274.44,1278.509"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that affect their lives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1278.509,1279.898"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it seems Tanzania has gone ahead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1279.898,1283.258"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in trying to realize this objective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1283.258,1285.808"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now my question is what is your valuation this April,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1285.808,1290.284"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to involve local systems?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1290.284,1292.604"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And secondly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1292.604,1294.459"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what problems are we encountering in realizing such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1294.459,1296.882"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1296.882,1297.715"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a very good question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1298.609,1299.972"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause it's an area that I have shared some interest in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1299.972,1302.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a matter of fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1302.46,1303.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've have done some research in that area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1303.293,1305.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And my conclusion was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1305.68,1306.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have perfect structure for citizen 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enough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1330.949,1333.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those were involved in those institutions have to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1334.55,1336.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be also democratically 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chairman,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1344.67,1346.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the members of the council are elected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1346.01,1348.084"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"directly by the villagers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1348.084,1349.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but when the time has come for the meeting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1349.94,1351.605"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the first place,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1351.605,1352.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the chairman does not call the meetings regularly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1352.54,1355.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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such","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1358.89,1361.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the announces decisions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1361.383,1363.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well although you have a very good structure then it is not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1363.62,1368.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"necessarily functioning the way it's functioning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1368.6,1370.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there is a need 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leaders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1374.68,1377.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also those who are supposed to use those institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1377.06,1379.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to asset in some kind of 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knowledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1390.522,1393.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But to make a rational and effective decision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1394.86,1397.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you really have to know the implications of the 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down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1403.894,1407.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So when you compare, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1407.05,1409.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the structures that we have at above the village level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1410.33,1415.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that the village level, what I'll explain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1415.412,1417.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to you might reflect the reality in the number of 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on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1483.92,1485.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore they're in a much better position","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1485.54,1487.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to control the bureaucrats,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1487.51,1489.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in the very remote districts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1489.69,1491.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where people are less educated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1491.63,1493.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less aware what is going on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1493.78,1495.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You find that they're really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1495.27,1496.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the mercy of the bureaucrats.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1496.107,1499.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's true that the system is geared towards involving people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1499.14,1502.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in decision-making giving them an opportunity to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1502.38,1504.455"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assume responsibilities for the decisions they make.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1504.455,1507.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what we are trying to say here is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1507.34,1508.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for that to be realized effectively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1508.61,1510.525"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then there are a few other two conditions that you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1510.525,1512.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to take into account.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1512.793,1514.696"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes so what would you recommend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1514.696,1516.636"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to have safety of your mortal max planning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1516.636,1520.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1520.65,1521.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is to try to raise the level of understanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1521.483,1525.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of those who are supposed to participate in those organs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1525.0,1527.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that they can make more rational and effective 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operate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1535.906,1540.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least does operate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1540.15,1542.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From some of the studies that I have been undertaking,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1543.74,1546.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have noticed that in some villages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1546.53,1548.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instead of the village councils meeting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1548.88,1551.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once every four to six months in some villages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1551.47,1555.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've met once in two years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1555.96,1558.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, if they've met once in two years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1558.61,1560.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it means that decisions during that time have been 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conduct","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1574.41,1577.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of meetings is such that people are given the opportunity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1577.67,1580.835"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the right, of course, to make decisions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1580.835,1583.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then the structures will be able to do what they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1583.49,1586.165"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are required to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1586.165,1587.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, ma'am.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1590.5,1591.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you have any kind of education program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1591.493,1592.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for these village councils?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1592.903,1594.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is there an organ of the government to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1595.7,1598.535"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1598.535,1599.368"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e help them in developing leaders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1599.368,1601.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like helping them to be leading in this community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1601.203,1603.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, there is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1603.99,1605.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have now as a matter of fact, in the whole country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1605.29,1607.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the rural areas with about 8,200 villages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1609.4,1614.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So then every village has a village council.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1614.27,1615.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have specifically 8,174","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1615.97,1618.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the village council will have about 25 members.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1619.165,1622.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there is the crash program to give training","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1623.81,1626.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to these people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1626.28,1627.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But personally, I feel 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be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1634.12,1637.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the monopoly will be held by this leader.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1637.61,1641.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a need to extend this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1641.13,1643.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the masses because by making them aware, then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1643.05,1646.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they can use those structures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1646.96,1648.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to control their leaders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1648.35,1649.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can see a big difference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1651.42,1653.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between villages where you find the masses are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1653.03,1655.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much more enlightened and those why you find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1655.85,1658.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're passive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1658.21,1659.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where they're passive you find that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1659.93,1661.256"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the leaders are very domineering","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1661.256,1663.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they're enlightened the leaders are much more careful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1663.38,1666.306"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1666.306,1668.146"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1668.146,1668.979"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that something your parents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1669.82,1672.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"included in elementary school--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1672.01,1674.058"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, very much so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1674.058,1676.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact all the schools are required to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1676.46,1678.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have structures that are similar to the status","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1678.27,1680.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the villages to start practicing those ideals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1680.077,1684.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think in a number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1684.204,1685.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of years when these things have been internalized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1685.93,1689.049"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sure people are going to asset great authority","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1689.049,1692.348"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over what had happened at the village level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1692.348,1693.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I believe too, it will not end at the village level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1693.96,1697.338"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It will be like an elephant getting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1697.338,1698.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into tent wanting to not only put his foot in the tent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1698.45,1702.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the four feet and maybe the whole body into it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1702.79,1707.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So although we are advocating this kind of thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1708.52,1711.928"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eventually I think the center will have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1711.928,1714.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to respond to the pressure from below instead of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1714.59,1718.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being a kind of one-way traffic from above.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1718.43,1721.385"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's a process that has to start somewhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1721.385,1725.274"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is required is really goodwill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1725.274,1727.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1730.1,1731.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I would like to talk about fertilizer just a little bit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1731.5,1735.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Your talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1735.46,1736.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these places where fertilizer does get good results","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1736.57,1740.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you have these fairly high responses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1740.287,1742.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a subsistence agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1744.08,1746.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This really involves having","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1747.613,1749.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least some enough surplus to sell,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1749.41,1752.202"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be able to get the improved seed and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1752.202,1757.202"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are the results good enough to achieve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1758.907,1762.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that where fertilizer is used or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1762.04,1764.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is discouraging the sense that I can have it, but that data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1764.72,1768.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fall of crop and there's no response","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1768.87,1771.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to buy fertilizer for the next year how did that work out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1771.76,1773.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the response is positive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1773.49,1777.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and otherwise there wouldn't have been such a great demand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1777.04,1780.827"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for fertilizer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1780.827,1781.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In one particular region,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1781.7,1782.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they told me just last month they asked for 60,000 tons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1784.52,1788.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of fertilizer, but the most they could get was 14,000 tons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1788.71,1792.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are producing only about 50%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1794.45,1797.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the needs of the fertilizer in the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1797.88,1800.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You do have raw material for phosphating,don't you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1800.54,1804.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well most of the raw materials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1804.33,1805.831"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until recently were imported","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1805.831,1808.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we've just discovered of course, phosphate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1808.88,1811.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we are using now, although it took us a long time to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1811.89,1814.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get the fertilizer company accept the raw material.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1814.47,1818.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because by using this raw material, you're depriving them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1818.46,1820.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of some income from their sources of raw material.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1820.77,1824.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The authentic plenty four, yeah,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1824.54,1826.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this is the same kind of problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1826.74,1828.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But despite that actually the fertilizer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1828.23,1830.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we are producing in Tanzania cost twice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1830.33,1833.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as much as the fertilizer that you buy from outside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1833.41,1836.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something is wrong with the system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1838.12,1839.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the technology we are using,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1839.891,1841.041"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the machinery we are using.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1841.041,1843.708"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sometimes, you know it's like actually marking time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1845.25,1849.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You feel that you are working very hard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1849.75,1851.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you're not moving.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1851.17,1852.392"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1852.392,1855.392"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What about irrigation?--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1856.602,1858.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Irrigation has a lot of potential in the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1858.41,1861.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's a very small part of the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1861.5,1863.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe less than 20%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1863.32,1865.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the irrigated land that has been used.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1865.65,1868.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The main problem with that is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1868.01,1869.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it requires very heavy investment and again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1869.17,1872.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only in terms of machinery and the equipment, but also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1875.69,1879.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the technical, know-how the experts to do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1879.8,1884.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't know, if it's going to pay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1885.41,1890.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I really don't know if it's going to pay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1891.22,1893.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But even if we need it, I mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1893.98,1895.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if you will know that it's very important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1895.18,1896.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it might facilitate production in some parts of the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1896.88,1900.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there will be investment involved in it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1900.3,1902.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyhow, we'll have to think of a way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1904.08,1905.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which we can produce more than once in a year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1905.92,1910.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because what characterizes really our production system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1911.38,1913.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that for most parts people do what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1913.613,1917.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for five, six months in the year because its the season","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1917.57,1920.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cultivating, growing, planting, weeding,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1921.52,1924.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"harvesting and for the rest of the year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1924.71,1927.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's nothing else to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1927.02,1928.191"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you have to wait for the rains next year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1928.191,1931.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So irrigation could very much assist so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1931.11,1934.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you could have people working throughout the year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1934.6,1937.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But need I say it again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1937.83,1938.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this requires a lot of heavy investment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1938.91,1941.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when you are faced with a choice, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1941.28,1944.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between drugs and investing in those machinery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1944.2,1947.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you don't have much choice .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1947.24,1950.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Typical Western way of building fertilizer is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1952.853,1956.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"canalism dam","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1956.507,1958.836"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"( indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1958.836,1961.336"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, there are a few Koreans who have been trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1977.303,1979.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to look at the feasibility for small scale litigation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1979.86,1984.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they concluded that it's potential for that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1985.17,1987.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we are determined to develop that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1987.78,1989.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But for most part of their say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1990.75,1992.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the areas which have the greatest potential","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1992.62,1994.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for irrigation require a heavy investment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1994.38,1997.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The big kind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1997.76,1998.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, big kind which will involve millions of dollars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=1998.593,2001.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here there are areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2002.54,2004.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or there are certain activities that you can rely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2004.86,2007.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"upon labor of the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2007.48,2008.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there are some basic equipment that you need to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2008.95,2011.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do the kind of thing, big caterpillars, some big islands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2011.35,2014.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2014.6,2017.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very difficult sometimes to relay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2019.354,2023.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well I say by profession I am a teacher","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2024.654,2029.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think the best years of my life were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2029.13,2032.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spent really at the university where you can look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2032.02,2034.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the problem as an outsider\n(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2034.98,2037.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and just criticize and not assume any responsibility.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2037.04,2039.684"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2039.684,2042.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But for the last few years, I've been placed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2042.81,2046.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a position whereby you are exposed to the facts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2046.21,2050.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and realities, and they are just told to give advice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2050.34,2053.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have no advice to give because you can not move forward,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2053.52,2057.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can not go sideways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2057.41,2058.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't like to go backwards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2058.4,2060.578"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2060.578,2061.411"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you just sit and crack your head.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2061.411,2064.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although it doesn't help very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2064.56,2066.604"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the problems really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2066.604,2067.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we are facing in Tanzania and I think also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2067.533,2071.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in most of the African countries are immense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2071.173,2074.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that these are caused by some unfairness somewhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2075.45,2079.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't know whom we should blame for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2079.593,2081.834"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I just don't know how we can move further.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2081.834,2085.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2089.335,2090.168"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can double production today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2090.168,2092.665"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that will not really make you better off","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2092.665,2095.791"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because what you have to buy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2095.791,2097.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to enable to produce you have to pay three, four times more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2097.477,2102.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they've been acting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2102.04,2102.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with others too, that if you can really get fair price","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2102.95,2107.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the commodities that we are producing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2107.4,2109.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really none of us would need an aid from anywhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2109.62,2112.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because what we're going to save is much more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2112.62,2114.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than what to get in terms of aid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2114.037,2116.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2116.7,2117.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much of what is called aid is really not aid as such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2117.533,2121.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Partly because its directed sometimes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2121.88,2124.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in areas which are not necessarily of high priority.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2124.44,2127.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And partly also, because most of this aid has a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2127.2,2130.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of strings attached to, and that the end result is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2130.62,2133.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the big percentage of the aid actually goes back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2133.26,2136.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the countries that are giving the aid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2136.74,2138.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we're still back to square one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2138.39,2141.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we're told we can put any pressure anywhere is to ask","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2141.14,2144.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just for a fair deal in the prices of what we produce.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2144.96,2149.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2149.833,2152.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2155.516,2156.349"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2159.736,2161.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you very much for coming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=2161.51,2164.26"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22642/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/642/original/AV203305_National_Building_b.vtt?1613498257","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/642/original/AV203305_National_Building_b.vtt?1613498257"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22643","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203305_National_Building_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688/transcript/22643/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Well first, I would not like to say that I'm really at the center. Such I'd prefer to consider myself as being in the periphery.\r\n\r\n- That's right.\r\n\r\n- Yes. Well, with the reference to the issue on equity vis-`a-vis efficiency. I think, it is some schools of thought, have this kind of view, but there're also other schools of thought which have a different view. I don't think we do emphasize equity at the expense of efficiency, but we're emphasizing both of them. And I don't see the contradiction, because sometimes you can achieve greater efficiency if you make equity the objective, because it could be also a motivating factor. But, we are all entitled to our own values that we attach to that kind of thing. With reference to the second question, I don't think really I can give you any answer. I'm sorry. Yeah, I think before, yes, yes doctor.\r\n\r\n- I wanted to ask with respect to priorities in your development, are you placing a priority emphasis on village level assistance agriculture or on larger production units? Can you enlighten us a little bit more on where your emphasis is on production development?\r\n\r\n- Yeah, I think the emphasis just now really is on small scale production, and small scale production is of two types. One is the purely individual peasant production, so that we are investing some resources to try to make it more productive, so that instead of getting five bags of corn from one acre, by the use of modern farming techniques, proper spacing, right time to grow, use of fertilizers, we hope that this peasant could produce 25 or 30 bags from that one acre. And there's that potential to actually triple and sometimes have five times as much from the sale. And by so doing, we know that he will have more for himself for the family and that there's the potential for him to produce surplus, which he can sell to feed those in the urban areas, et cetera. That's one. The second type of small-scale I would like to refer to it still small scale farming has been the communal farms that are been embarked on in many of the villages. They're small because really the vary from 20 acres for a village of three, 400 families to 150, 200 acres. There are very few villages which have above 700 acres. Now from this village, it's assumed that what will be produced is outright surplus. And the money that is obtained from this kind of production is used partly for investment in social and economic activities within the village, and partly for distribution to those who have been involved in the production. And we have seen a lot of benefits from this kind of production. With reference to large scale state farms, there are certain types of crops which by their nature, you have to run them on a large-scale basis. For example, cultivation or production of sisal. There is no way in which sisal can be economic, if it is growing on a small scale, you need a minimum of two, 3000 acres, to really make it economically viable. Also sugarcane plantations. You can have of course, out growers, few but you can't base a whole industry, such an important industry entirely on out growers or small-scale production. And then there are, the tea production. Tea production so far most of it actually is done on a small scale basis by villages or by villagers, although there're a few large scale farms which are being operated. But the problem with large scale farms is that for them to be economically profitable or viable, they appear to require a lot of capital. Which we really don't have. So I can see that for unforeseeable future, we are really going to concentrate on small scale production by the peasants and by their villages, because their 100, 200, 300 acres could be very easily taken care of by the use of ox ploughs, for example. et cetera. There has been of course, a competition between food crop production and cash crop production. For us to be able to develop agriculture as we said earlier we need to invest on production of goods that can enable us to earn foreign currency, because even for production of food there is some input requirement. But you find that an increasing number of people are finding it more attractive to invest on some of the food crops because even when you compare the labor together with the price that is involved in cash crop production as compared to the same amount of labor and the price that's involved in food crop production, I find that there is a great attraction to produce food crops especially maize, corn, beans et cetera. I don't know what's going to happen in the future. The government might be encouraged to maybe invest more in the area of large scale farming, but again, as a result of the villagisation policy we have had in Tanzania, an increasing number of people have found greater security in going to their villages, and then own their piece of land to produce for their own consumption and even produce surplus for that matter. So many of the large scale farms, are finding it very difficult today to get labor. And many of the private farmers, actually we still have also settler farmers in Tanzania, but one of the main complaints they have today, besides of course, spare parts for their tractors and fuel. The major complaint they have today is the scarcity of labor because almost everybody seems to be encouraged to go back to his village and then lead the most secure life there. You had a question?\r\n\r\n- Oh yeah Well if Tanzania discovered oil today, it will right away ask multinational corporations to go into Tanzania and the drill the oil,\r\n\r\n- Yes because they have the technology\r\n\r\n- Sure.\r\n\r\n- Now Tanzania right now has surplus land\r\n\r\n- Sure\r\n\r\n- 20 million in a very big country\r\n\r\n- Yes\r\n\r\n- And although I appreciate the fact that food crops, you know, a large part can be produced by small scale by people themselves, peasants or people themselves. When it comes to cash crops like sugar cane or when it comes to cash crops like sunflower for oil crops for manufacturing soap for the people, The government closes the door for these outside corporations to come and grow sugar and produce surplus sugar so that everybody has access to sugar or you know, grow sunflower or some of these oil so that they can produce you know, surplus soap in the country so that at least everybody has access to soap. I really don't know why and how you are you are trying to encourage through Ujamaa, trying to encourage people to develop themselves to work very hard. While the government cannot provide these essential goods like soap and the like which you said that are scarce. And I don't know who really decides which good is essential and which is not, for example, a bicycle. A government officer in the Dar es Slam will think a bicycle is a luxurious good, but if you ask somebody in the rural area will tell you that a bicycle is essential because he uses it for taking his pregnant wife to the hospital.\r\n\r\n- Yes, I can assure you that all of us in Tanzania agree that a bicycle is not a luxurious good. We say a motorcar luxurious is good, but not a bicycle. And in fact, a bicycle is one of the items which received very high priority in terms of trying to find means of producing. Well, every society has the right of establishing its own criteria but there are certain things that we seem to agree that really reconstitute essential or basic goods. We're talking about the clothing. We're talking about simple transportation facilities like bicycles. We're talking about common building or construction material like iron sheets, cements and so forth. We're talking about cooking oil. We're talking about sugar. We're talking about food. Now, those, I think we don't disagree about. The moment we start talking about butter, cheese and so forth, then we are talking about different things. And those are what I can consider are luxurious consumer goods. When I talk about real investment in this basic consumer goods, I'm referring to specifically those goods which improve the quality of life of a person, so they can live at least above subsistence. Now with reference to encouraging multinationals, to invest in large plantations for sugar and so forth so as to solve the problem of sugar, there's no problem with that. But any foreign investor who would come into the country he would like certain types of assurances, or guarantees, that would ensure, that he'll get out of the country more than what is invested. Otherwise, nobody will come to invest for the sake of trying to help you or develop you. They come for business, they come to make money. So just now the way in which we are operating our economy it will not be very attractive. It will not be at all attractive for foreign investors to come and invest in agricultural production. Because the returns are such that if they're going to produce and everything's going to be consumed in the country is not going to be interested because he would like at least every year to drain it out of the country, a certain amount of money. And when the country is short of that kind of money, then certainly he's not going to be attracted. He might be attracted to invest in some industries, but industries which would give him an opportunity, somehow, to ensure that he benefits either directly or indirectly. So you have, for example, as I give earlier this afternoon the General Tire company from Ohio, that opened the General Tire factory in Tanzania, and invited the government to buy shares in their company. We have over 70% of the shares. But at the same time, he's so sure that he can recover a lot of his money through the raw material that is required for this industry because he gets it from their own plantations in Malaysia and then they can charge any price for it. So by so doing they can compensate for it, so this becomes attractive. But for multinational to come and invest in agricultural production, and especially producing what is going to be consumed in the country, there will not be many that will be attracted to do that. Yes.\r\n\r\n- I was wondering if referring back now to small-scale agricultural production, we've talked about increasing production by increasing input into the agricultural system. Does that mean you were speaking of fertilizers as being an item, which is causing problems in your balance tree or at least if there's something that must be imported and is of high cost? Do producers find it economically attractive to use fertilizers and lime soil elements looking at their damages and cost? I've seen in other situations where its simply willing to pay economically.\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- To use it.\r\n\r\n- Yes I'm not in agricultural business myself but I would to argue that in some areas where I've been to, actually the net result of use of fertilizer has been negative. A good substantial state. This is to do not only with the type of fertilizer or fertilizer per say, but it also has to do with the extension service. That sometimes I feel that there have been some kind of blanket solutions on the application of fertilizer. And sometimes because again, of our low technological base we have not been in a position to review even the constitution of the soil from time to time. 'Cause what I hear from countries that are used to fertilizers is that the combination that you use, this year, might not necessarily be the same combination you'll be using five years to come. But then again, this has to do really with our own capacity to deal with these kinds of things. Fertilizer, strange enough, in Tanzania, as compared to some of the African countries, particularly Zimbabwe and Kenya for that matter, has not been very widely used as in those countries. And in fact, where it's used very much, is in mostly in the kinds of cash crops, which can not grow without fertilizer. Like tobacco, like tea to some extent. There're a few areas in the South in particular which use fertilizer to grow maize, to grow corn. In the area I come from, from the North where we have alluvial soil, we've never used fertilizer, and I know it's going to be very difficult to convince my mother, to use the fertilizer.\r\n\r\n- Even you could convince them because it did improve yields there, say it does improve yields. Are you going to be able to convince him to make that outlet of on cash to paper?--\r\n\r\n- When in the areas where there's been a return from fertilizer actually used, I can name two particular regions, Ruvuma region which grows a lot of corn, and Iringa. It has surprised me that actual absence of fertilizer can be a political problem. And people go after fertilizer more than after sugar. Yeah because they've seen the difference, the land is fairly, very poor. And before they used to get two to three bags from one acre, now they're getting actually an average of 25 bags. Some of them get up to 55 bags from the same acre because of the use of fertilizer. So for them, they know the advantage of fertilizer. And then some people still have some produce, my mother is one of them actually. She believes that, and apparently I've been told that, you know, she's right, that once you start using the fertilizer then you have to continue using it, otherwise you are spoiling the soil, this, I didn't know until a few years ago when my mother told me that. Yes please.\r\n\r\n- It seems many other few countries have been haunted by problem of people's identity with traditional tribal groups. Tribal rivalries, tribalism have been a problem in many African countries, but it appears in Tanzania this just not even a major problem, what is the difference between Tanzania?--\r\n\r\n- Yeah, it's not a major problem when you compare ourselves with a lot of the other African countries. And one of the main factors that really has contributed to that, has been that in the first place we have the advantage of having one unifying language which is spoken by practically every Tanzanian. Secondly, although we have over 121 different languages, tribes with different cultures, very fortunately, all of them are small languages. So there is no one particular tribe that really can pose threat, that you can say that, it can be domineering, economically, or politically. So you find that the, the largest tribe is of slightly over a million people, but it's only big in size, it doesn't command the economic power in the country. So this could be one of the factors. And unlike many countries in fact Our president can just go to the registration and talk in Swahili and everybody from every corner of the country will understand him without need for any translation.\r\n\r\n- Commission for Secondary School resolved that very few being able to go on to secondary, and then the failures went home, went back to the villages, they had been educated for things other than to contribute in the agriculture production. Has anything changed in education because of those problems or can't resolve those factors.\r\n\r\n- There has been a change of the content of education, although I don't know if it has succeeded in changing the attitudes and values of people. We are now emphasizing mostly agricultural oriented kinds of subjects. And we're also trying very hard to integrate now the primary school education with the life and realities in the village. Now the village council does assume some kind of control over what's going on now within the school, but still, you know, there're still this aspirations of both the kids and of the parents to get further to secondary schools. And the problem has become much more serious with the expansion of primary education system. In 1961, when we became independent out of those who completed primary education, 55% of them could find places in secondary schools but the ratio now has reached 4.7%. And it will be less by next year when the first output of universal primary education comes out. Because we have now succeeded in having universal primary education from the point of view of at least giving every school aged child an opportunity to go to school. But again, because of the economic realities of the country we have not been able to expand the secondary education at the same level. But as far as we're concerned, really our preoccupation in terms of education is on primary education. We want to make it as a complete education itself so that we impact some skills that are relevant to the kid so that they can be able to lead a much more meaningful life in the village. But I think to succeed in doing this, there has to be actually more linkage between what the school is teaching and what the village can provide in terms of opportunity. And I think that the area we have not really succeeded much. Yes ma'am.\r\n\r\n- My question is on citizen participation. Many people have advocated that in the third world, development has deterred because citizens, are not involved in the projects that affect their lives and it seems Tanzania has gone ahead in trying to realize this objective. Now my question is what is your valuation this April, to involve local systems? And secondly. what problems are we encountering in realizing such.\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- That's a very good question 'cause it's an area that I have shared some interest in. As a matter of fact I've have done some research in that area. And my conclusion was that we have perfect structure for citizen participation but the degree of the involvement is not really as high as it is expected because of a number of factors amongst them have been that this, you know, for example, I have realized for democracy to take place a structures per say is not enough. Those were involved in those institutions have to be also democratically oriented. Otherwise it's true we might have a village council, you have a chairman, the members of the council are elected directly by the villagers, but when the time has come for the meeting, in the first place, the chairman does not call the meetings regularly. Or that if he calls the meetings, the conduct of the meetings is such that the announces decisions. Well although you have a very good structure then it is not necessarily functioning the way it's functioning. So there is a need also of trying to educate not only those who are involved in those institutions as leaders but also those who are supposed to use those institutions to asset in some kind of power. So that has been one of the factor. The second one too, has been that, you know, to make participation effective. A powerful tool is knowledge. But to make a rational and effective decision you really have to know the implications of the decision. Otherwise, you know, you can make decisions that instead of building you up, they'll literally bring you down. So when you compare, for example, the structures that we have at above the village level I think that the village level, what I'll explain to you might reflect the reality in the number of villages. But above, village level, you might find that, you know you have representation in the district government organs and these people are supposed to make decisions as it regards to certain types of programs that have to be done in the district, but to make those kinds of decisions you really have to understand the implications of the decisions, you have also to understand what is it required to make those things actually happen. Now, what has happened is that the few people in those structures who'd control that kind of knowledge, really have the upper hand. And this has been mostly the bureaucrats. So here we'll have a good structure but the structure has not been able to deliver the goods partly because of these kinds of shortcomings. But you see that as some kind of difference, for example between a representative organs in areas where you find people are much more enlightened they know what is going on. And therefore they're in a much better position to control the bureaucrats, but in the very remote districts where people are less educated, less aware what is going on? You find that they're really at the mercy of the bureaucrats. It's true that the system is geared towards involving people in decision-making giving them an opportunity to assume responsibilities for the decisions they make. But what we are trying to say here is that for that to be realized effectively then there are a few other two conditions that you have to take into account.\r\n\r\n- Yes so what would you recommend in order to have safety of your mortal max planning.\r\n\r\n- Yes. One is to try to raise the level of understanding of those who are supposed to participate in those organs so that they can make more rational and effective decisions. Secondly, there should be a system to ensure that the way in which the structures are supposed to operate at least does operate. From some of the studies that I have been undertaking, I have noticed that in some villages instead of the village councils meeting once every four to six months in some villages they've met once in two years. Now, if they've met once in two years it means that decisions during that time have been made by a few individuals in the village. So by so doing, this leaders have disrupt the power of the villagers. But if you establish the mechanisms to ensure that these organs do meet as often as they're supposed to meet, and that the conduct of meetings is such that people are given the opportunity and the right, of course, to make decisions then the structures will be able to do what they are required to do. Yes, ma'am.\r\n\r\n- Do you have any kind of education program for these village councils? Is there an organ of the government to,\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- help them in developing leaders like helping them to be leading in this community.\r\n\r\n- Yes, there is. We have now as a matter of fact, in the whole country in the rural areas with about 8,200 villages. So then every village has a village council. We have specifically 8,174 and the village council will have about 25 members. So there is the crash program to give training to these people. But personally, I feel that if you want this to be effective, you should not end training the village council because the result will be that the monopoly will be held by this leader. There is a need to extend this to the masses because by making them aware, then they can use those structures to control their leaders. And you can see a big difference between villages where you find the masses are much more enlightened and those why you find they're passive. Where they're passive you find that the leaders are very domineering where they're enlightened the leaders are much more careful. Yes.\r\n\r\n- Is that something your parents included in elementary school--\r\n\r\n- Yes, very much so. And in fact all the schools are required to have structures that are similar to the status within the villages to start practicing those ideals. I think in a number of years when these things have been internalized I'm sure people are going to asset great authority over what had happened at the village level. And I believe too, it will not end at the village level. It will be like an elephant getting into tent wanting to not only put his foot in the tent but the four feet and maybe the whole body into it. So although we are advocating this kind of thing eventually I think the center will have to respond to the pressure from below instead of being a kind of one-way traffic from above. But it's a process that has to start somewhere. What is required is really goodwill. Yes sir.\r\n\r\n- I would like to talk about fertilizer just a little bit. Your talking about these places where fertilizer does get good results and you have these fairly high responses in a subsistence agriculture. This really involves having at least some enough surplus to sell, to be able to get the improved seed and so on. Are the results good enough to achieve that where fertilizer is used or is discouraging the sense that I can have it, but that data fall of crop and there's no response to buy fertilizer for the next year how did that work out. I think the response is positive and otherwise there wouldn't have been such a great demand for fertilizer. In one particular region, they told me just last month they asked for 60,000 tons of fertilizer, but the most they could get was 14,000 tons. We are producing only about 50% of the needs of the fertilizer in the country.\r\n\r\n- You do have raw material for phosphating,don't you?\r\n\r\n- Well most of the raw materials until recently were imported and we've just discovered of course, phosphate which we are using now, although it took us a long time to get the fertilizer company accept the raw material. Because by using this raw material, you're depriving them of some income from their sources of raw material. The authentic plenty four, yeah, but this is the same kind of problem. But despite that actually the fertilizer which we are producing in Tanzania cost twice as much as the fertilizer that you buy from outside. Something is wrong with the system the technology we are using, with the machinery we are using. Sometimes, you know it's like actually marking time. You feel that you are working very hard but you're not moving.\r\n\r\n- What about irrigation?--\r\n\r\n- Irrigation has a lot of potential in the country but it's a very small part of the country. Maybe less than 20% of the irrigated land that has been used. The main problem with that is that it requires very heavy investment and again not only in terms of machinery and the equipment, but also in terms of the technical, know-how the experts to do that. And I don't know, if it's going to pay. I really don't know if it's going to pay. But even if we need it, I mean even if you will know that it's very important it might facilitate production in some parts of the country but there will be investment involved in it. Anyhow, we'll have to think of a way in which we can produce more than once in a year. Because what characterizes really our production system is that for most parts people do what for five, six months in the year because its the season cultivating, growing, planting, weeding, harvesting and for the rest of the year there's nothing else to do because you have to wait for the rains next year. So irrigation could very much assist so that you could have people working throughout the year. But need I say it again this requires a lot of heavy investment. And when you are faced with a choice, you know, between drugs and investing in those machinery then you don't have much choice .\r\n\r\n- Typical Western way of building fertilizer is canalism dam\r\n\r\n- Well, there are a few Koreans who have been trying to look at the feasibility for small scale litigation. And they concluded that it's potential for that and we are determined to develop that. But for most part of their say the areas which have the greatest potential for irrigation require a heavy investment\r\n\r\n- The big kind.\r\n\r\n- Yes, big kind which will involve millions of dollars. And here there are areas or there are certain activities that you can rely upon labor of the people but there are some basic equipment that you need to do the kind of thing, big caterpillars, some big islands still et cetera. It's very difficult sometimes to relay. Well I say by profession I am a teacher and I think the best years of my life were spent really at the university where you can look at the problem as an outsider and just criticize and not assume any responsibility. But for the last few years, I've been placed in a position whereby you are exposed to the facts and realities, and they are just told to give advice. You have no advice to give because you can not move forward, you can not go sideways. You don't like to go backwards. So you just sit and crack your head. Although it doesn't help very much. But the problems really that we are facing in Tanzania and I think also in most of the African countries are immense. And that these are caused by some unfairness somewhere. And I don't know whom we should blame for. And I just don't know how we can move further. That's it. You can double production today. And that will not really make you better off because what you have to buy to enable to produce you have to pay three, four times more. And they've been acting with others too, that if you can really get fair price for the commodities that we are producing really none of us would need an aid from anywhere. Because what we're going to save is much more than what to get in terms of aid. Secondly, much of what is called aid is really not aid as such. Partly because its directed sometimes in areas which are not necessarily of high priority. And partly also, because most of this aid has a lot of strings attached to, and that the end result is that the big percentage of the aid actually goes back to the countries that are giving the aid. So we're still back to square one. If we're told we can put any pressure anywhere is to ask just for a fair deal in the prices of what we produce. Thank you.\r\n\r\n- Thank you very much for coming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36598/file/105688#t=0.0,2171.40245"}]}]}]}