{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/f76639ks90/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Keohane, Robert O., The Diplomacy of Structural Change"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV204002 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["The Diplomacy of Structural Change is a March 25, 1991 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Robert Keohane. Robert Keohane asserts that, apart from its military power, the United States is declining in influence.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9d21rq0m"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1991-03-25"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Keohane, Robert O. 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For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/117/small/lecture.png?1622637682","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(murmurs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=11.153,13.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=22.212,24.295"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e My friends, as long as the pompom girls next door","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=25.88,30.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are reasonably silent, we will get on with tonight's event.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=31.71,36.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually I am both professionally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=38.21,40.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and personally extremely delighted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=40.48,42.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the opportunity to introduce Bob Cohen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=42.66,44.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I knew Bob when he had a full head of hair","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=46.35,48.134"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it was a different color,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=48.134,49.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when he was regarded as a coming scholar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=50.63,53.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's fair to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=53.6,55.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Bob Cohen is probably this generation's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=55.43,60.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leading scholar of international politics theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=61.11,65.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and international organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=65.9,68.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will not burden you considering the long flight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=68.09,71.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Bob has just been on from someplace to the West","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=71.74,75.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he knows how where he is now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=75.2,77.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"someplace in the middle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=77.62,79.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on his way someplace to the East,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=79.13,80.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a long listing of his publications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=81.72,84.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and his other contributions to our profession.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=84.93,89.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me simply say that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=89.47,92.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a scholar of international relations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=92.17,94.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is most striking about his work in my view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=94.13,96.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that if the traditional question to which theorist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=97.91,102.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of international politics address themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=102.06,104.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was why does conflict occur and what are the causes of war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=104.73,109.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bob turned that question around","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=109.81,111.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I would argue that much of his 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politics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=117.99,120.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think many of us are struck in view of the numerous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=120.63,125.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and repetitive deadly conflicts, which ravage humankind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=125.33,130.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that things do get done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=131.36,133.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whether the mail gets delivered,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=133.42,135.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether the goods get traded,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=135.0,137.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether the local Toyota dealer gets stopped,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=137.14,140.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things do get done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=140.59,142.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact world politics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=142.33,144.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is and has historically been dominated by cooperation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=144.19,148.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in the words of Thomas Hardy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=148.91,152.987"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"War makes you rapidly good reading","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=152.987,155.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and peace is such a ball.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=155.2,157.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would argue that Bob Cohen knows much more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=158.65,162.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I mean, when I say peace,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=162.43,165.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then most of my colleagues in international relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=165.07,168.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With little more to do then, let me give you Bob,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=168.6,172.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who's gonna chat with us tonight about a topic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=173.501,177.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the diplomacy of structural change, state strategies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=177.04,181.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and multilateral institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=181.01,183.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a post cold war world, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=183.33,186.631"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience claps)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=186.631,189.381"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you very much Dick, it's a pleasure to be here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=193.24,196.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think if you worry though","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=196.12,197.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the flattery of the introduction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=197.52,200.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I trust you know the story about the the answer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=200.26,203.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the question of how many Harvard faculty members","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=203.27,205.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are needed to screw in a light bulb.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=205.36,207.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The answer is one, to hold a light bulb","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=207.54,210.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while the world revolves around it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=210.32,212.256"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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Illinois,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=216.32,218.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little town 10 miles from the Iowa border.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=218.55,221.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have a sister-in-law and brother-in-law in the Moines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=221.29,223.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's the other reason for being here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=223.023,225.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So as I was telling Julie, on the way out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=225.4,228.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that you could tell you are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=228.26,229.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the middle of West on the smell, the feel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=229.43,232.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the look of the land even at night.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=232.21,237.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm gonna talk about the diplomacy of structural change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=238.6,241.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as Dick Mansbusch said.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=241.503,243.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to try to reflect on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=243.6,245.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the events of the last few months,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=245.26,249.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in context of what I think we know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=249.18,251.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about international politics in the current era.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=251.48,254.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the world is changing with dazzling speed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=256.15,258.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it has since 1989,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=258.36,260.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the students in international politics have the opportunity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=261.54,264.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and indeed the obligation to seek to use their theories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=264.29,266.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to understand contemporary 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theory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=272.2,274.302"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As Dick Mansbusch has argued in his recent book","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=274.302,277.591"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our theories are motivated by our values,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=277.591,280.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"affected by my dramatic contemporary events.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=280.86,284.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore far from timeless, far from objective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=284.71,289.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Good theory helps us understand our world and our lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=289.51,294.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It may not help us understand all worlds and all 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now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=311.53,314.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and taking the risk that events will soon prove me wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=314.47,318.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's they probably 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humble.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=323.8,326.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since during the last several years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=326.36,328.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have failed to anticipate probably all the major changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=328.32,331.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in world politics, much less to evaluate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=331.35,334.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how a particular policy actions would affect 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Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=399.79,401.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Defeating conventional aggression can be achieved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=402.72,405.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through massive airpower, helicopter gunships","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=405.94,409.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smart bombs and AirLand Battle doctrines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=409.26,413.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not to mention storm and noggin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=413.09,414.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but governance is an entirely different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=415.76,419.245"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and much more difficult 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Baghdad","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=424.95,428.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or even in Kuwait city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=428.31,430.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It would be simplistic to 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countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=465.51,467.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ensuring growth in the world economy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=467.58,470.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cleaning the global environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=470.01,471.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Military streets is not very important at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=471.68,474.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It doesn't buy you 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events","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=485.07,489.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into a broad historical perspective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=489.15,491.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to draw some conclusions for policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=491.44,493.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At first, I will argue that if we view power more broadly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=494.64,498.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than sheer military force,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=498.97,501.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the past 30 years have witnessed not a concentration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=501.27,505.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but a diffusion of effective power resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=505.99,509.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the Gulf war has not changed this long-term trend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=509.44,512.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This diffusion of power in World politics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=513.51,516.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has two link dimensions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=516.28,519.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, the decline of the economic predominance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=519.02,521.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=521.98,523.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has been going on for 30 odd years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=523.29,526.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And secondly, the expansion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=526.1,527.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and globalization of interdependence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=527.93,530.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has been going on for at least as long.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=530.26,533.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will talk about then,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=533.47,535.455"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the transformation of political structure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=535.455,539.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"caused by a much more recent event without these long roots","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=539.39,543.276"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the collapse of Soviet power in Eastern Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=543.276,547.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Does this transformation mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=547.28,549.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the United States can do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=549.46,550.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what it pleases in world politics? I think not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=550.62,555.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, I would draw some policy conclusions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=555.33,557.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we should have a cautious 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possibilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=566.4,569.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for careful use of multilateral institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=569.37,572.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to achieve our objectives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=572.51,574.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I worry about the phrase, the new world order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=574.56,577.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It reminds me of Voltaire's quip","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=577.21,579.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the Holy Roman empire","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=579.38,581.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which he said it was neither Holy nor Roman nor empire","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=581.24,584.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the new world order I suspect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=585.1,587.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be neither new nor worldwide nor in order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=587.45,591.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me talk first about the decline","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=593.07,594.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the United States economic predominance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=594.91,597.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Throughout the 1980s, political scientists argued","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=599.27,602.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the changing configuration of world power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=602.44,605.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How concentrated our world resources, power resources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=605.45,609.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in particular how dominant is the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=609.1,613.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is the American share of relative power resources declining?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=613.19,617.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if so at what rate?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=617.02,619.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is the relationship between tangible power resources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=619.23,622.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and actual influence in world politics?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=622.7,626.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think this debate has been somewhat overdramatized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=626.48,629.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States and of the facts that in fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=629.72,632.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are some are relatively clear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=632.14,634.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna make four major points","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=634.25,636.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they basically add up to the point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=637.64,640.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the United States is not as dominant economically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=640.49,643.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it was 30 or 40 years ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=643.94,645.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's still the world's leading economic power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=645.96,649.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And its relative decline has not been precipitous,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=649.51,652.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least not yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=652.41,654.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My four specific points follow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=655.77,658.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, even during the height of its economic ascendance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=658.84,662.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1950s and the early 1960s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=662.66,666.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States was involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=666.35,667.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a bipolar military competition with the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=667.62,670.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and was excluded by Soviet military power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=670.97,674.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and political decision from significant access","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=674.01,676.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Eastern Europe and much of continental Asia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=676.77,679.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States dominance therefore","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=680.46,682.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was never a global in scope.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=682.04,684.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we should remember that these golden years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=684.51,688.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of American dominance weren't necessarily so golden","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=688.1,690.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the point of view of the people living through them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=690.75,694.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, political scientists have sometimes exaggerated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=694.18,697.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ability of the United States in those years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=697.58,700.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to exert effective inflows over its allies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=700.49,703.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States did seek to determine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=705.06,707.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the strategic direction policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=707.04,710.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to induce it's European partners through provision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=710.73,715.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of material benefits to refer to its leadership.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=716.3,719.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, America was never able simply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=719.6,722.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to dictate terms to the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=722.33,724.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"European influence was important in shaping a framework","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=724.52,727.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of economic interdependence and political lines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=727.51,730.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"U.S influence over its allies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=730.89,732.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was limited by the U.S his own strategy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=733.64,737.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is to create a voluntary Alliance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=737.18,740.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of self-sustaining independent democratic States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=740.04,743.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Europe and in Japan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=743.77,746.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The U.S was a powerful leader and once in a while","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=746.18,748.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as in the Suez crisis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=748.85,750.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the U.S forced Britain and France out of Suez","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=750.67,754.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it showed its muscle, but the U.S can never dictate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=754.93,758.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the U S ever had an empire,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=759.29,761.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was certainly an informal one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=761.56,764.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I would suggest perhaps even a metaphorical 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portion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1913.64,1916.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of its resources in a small area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1916.43,1918.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And even then it has very limited 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Iraq","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1925.15,1928.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the shape of Iraq is, is very, very limited.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1928.48,1931.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Iranians may have somewhat more 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power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1936.88,1939.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is tiny compared to American military power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1940.771,1944.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we consider issues other than the most severe crisis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1945.24,1948.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such as the Gulf war, the image of unipolarity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1948.6,1951.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one Supreme dominant country becomes even more tarnished.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1951.86,1956.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You in world politics as a fragmented mosaic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1956.03,1958.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of issue areas and regions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1958.95,1960.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We should think about the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1960.47,1962.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a world of asymmetrical multiple polarity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1962.19,1965.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than a world of unipolarity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1965.63,1967.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is there are lots of different centers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1967.31,1969.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of power in the world, but they're not equally important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1969.58,1972.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States is the most important of those centers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1972.74,1976.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the largest number of issues,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1976.11,1978.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that doesn't mean that it dominates on any issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1978.23,1981.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except those in which military force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1981.26,1982.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be brought to bear directly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1982.91,1984.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So no small number of States in the current world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1986.66,1990.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much less than a single power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1990.02,1992.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can determine political outcomes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1992.03,1993.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on all important issues in world politics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1993.91,1996.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So having set this stage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1997.42,1999.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me ask my final major question, that is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=1999.37,2003.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is the role of multilateral institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2003.68,2006.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it's the European community or the United Nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2006.7,2009.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the world bank or International Monetary Fund","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2009.67,2012.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those are all examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2012.67,2013.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what I mean by multilateral institutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2013.7,2016.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's the role of multilateral institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2016.24,2017.988"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this picture?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2017.988,2019.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What should their role be in American policy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2019.48,2022.708"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've argued that the post-Cold war system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2022.708,2025.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is fragmented by issue area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2025.61,2027.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and characterized by asymmetrical multiple area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2027.67,2030.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even if the Soviet Union or perhaps Russia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2030.88,2033.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regains its strength,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2033.8,2035.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the world political economy will revolve on the triangle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2035.42,2038.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Europe, North America and Japan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2038.36,2040.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Military power is likely to become a more concentrated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2040.94,2045.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the advanced countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2045.38,2047.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as advanced technology plays an increasingly important role.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2047.26,2050.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the purpose is to which call that power can you put","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2050.14,2052.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be restricted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2052.29,2053.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States will not be able to dictate the rules","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2053.78,2056.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on most issues because its resources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2056.21,2058.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although great will be limited.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2058.63,2060.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there is no assurance that the American public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2060.64,2063.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be willing to devote them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2063.09,2064.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a sustained way to foreign policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2064.71,2067.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the absence of a credible security threat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2067.07,2070.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Structural changes in the world apply policy changes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2070.14,2073.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During the cold war, the United States exercise leadership","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2074.55,2078.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and paid the price for 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allies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2178.81,2181.744"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for their payments on the war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2181.744,2185.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$54 billion promised the war got one little too 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policemen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2198.14,2201.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but not being able or willing to finance it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2201.07,2203.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The habits of agenda, the habits of dominance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2204.987,2209.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inculcated for 40 years and the American will change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2209.03,2214.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They'll change because interests have 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consistent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2343.94,2345.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the way great powers have usually behaved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2345.96,2349.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's often forgot, but certainly until 1945","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2349.28,2353.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is the way the British wouldn't behave,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2353.78,2356.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yeah, not faced with a threat to their vital 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generation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2376.27,2377.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of American leaders who are flushed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2377.97,2379.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with success with these 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today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2415.389,2417.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Iran five years Hansen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2417.56,2420.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could dominate the entire oil producing 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policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2513.43,2515.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shifts by its bipolar partners","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2515.95,2517.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can easily to retaliation by the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2517.97,2521.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as lied to protectionism as earth recently, for example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2521.22,2524.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the corporate leaders of Chrysler and Ford","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2524.42,2527.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and by the United auto workers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2527.65,2529.745"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A strategy of retrenchment has risky implications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2529.745,2533.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both at the domestic political level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2533.7,2536.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for long-term national 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America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2541.5,2544.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or just some form of joint leadership","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2544.62,2546.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is we're not gonna have it seems to me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2547.66,2549.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unilateral leadership, we're not gonna have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2549.43,2551.592"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the U.S as the world policeman anymore","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2551.592,2554.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or unconditional in Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2554.39,2556.455"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I doubt if we're going to 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stalemate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2762.66,2766.297"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than to effective action.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2766.297,2768.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this stalemate can be compounded when the leadership","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2768.65,2771.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these organizations is weak","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2771.67,2773.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their bureaucracies on low competence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2773.92,2776.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unfortunately those all apply to the United Nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2776.05,2778.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2778.42,2780.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some elements of the UN system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2780.05,2781.788"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there have been quite effective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2781.788,2783.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Notably the UN environmental program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2783.27,2785.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the loosely affiliated world bank and IMF.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2785.57,2788.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And depending on the political conjuncture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2788.027,2790.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the security concept, others I won't mention them all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2790.64,2794.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have more checkered histories,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2794.16,2796.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to recommend that U.S policy worked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2796.64,2799.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through multilateral institutions as I do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2799.1,2801.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not to argue that all their national relations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2801.37,2804.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are equally worthwhile or that for all purposes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2804.06,2807.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United nations is the organization of choice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2807.91,2812.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just read a piece by Brian Earnhardt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=2812.13,2814.313"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28017/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/017/original/AV204002_The_Diplomacy_of_Structural_Change_a.vtt?1622637684","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/017/original/AV204002_The_Diplomacy_of_Structural_Change_a.vtt?1622637684"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28018","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204002_The_Diplomacy_of_Structural_Change_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117/transcript/28018/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- My friends, as long as the pompom girls next door are reasonably silent, we will get on with tonight's event. Actually I am both professionally and personally extremely delighted by the opportunity to introduce Bob Cohen. I knew Bob when he had a full head of hair and it was a different color, when he was regarded as a coming scholar. I think it's fair to say that Bob Cohen is probably this generation's leading scholar of international politics theory and international organization. I will not burden you considering the long flight that Bob has just been on from someplace to the West and he knows how where he is now, someplace in the middle, on his way someplace to the East, with a long listing of his publications and his other contributions to our profession. Let me simply say that as a scholar of international relations what is most striking about his work in my view is that if the traditional question to which theorist of international politics address themselves was why does conflict occur and what are the causes of war? Bob turned that question around and I would argue that much of his work is dominated by a theme of why your things get done at all in world politics. I think many of us are struck in view of the numerous and repetitive deadly conflicts, which ravage humankind that things do get done. Whether the mail gets delivered, whether the goods get traded, whether the local Toyota dealer gets stopped, things do get done. And in fact world politics is and has historically been dominated by cooperation. But in the words of Thomas Hardy, \"War makes you rapidly good reading and peace is such a ball.\" I would argue that Bob Cohen knows much more what I mean, when I say peace, then most of my colleagues in international relations. With little more to do then, let me give you Bob, who's gonna chat with us tonight about a topic the diplomacy of structural change, state strategies and multilateral institutions in a post cold war world, thank you.\r\n\r\n- Thank you very much Dick, it's a pleasure to be here. I think if you worry though about the flattery of the introduction, I trust you know the story about the the answer to the question of how many Harvard faculty members are needed to screw in a light bulb. The answer is one, to hold a light bulb while the world revolves around it. Actually I'm from the middle West. I was raised in Illinois, a little town 10 miles from the Iowa border. I have a sister-in-law and brother-in-law in the Moines that's the other reason for being here. So as I was telling Julie, on the way out is that you could tell you are in the middle of West on the smell, the feel, the look of the land even at night. I'm gonna talk about the diplomacy of structural change as Dick Mansbusch said. I'm going to try to reflect on some of the events of the last few months, in context of what I think we know about international politics in the current era. When the world is changing with dazzling speed as it has since 1989, the students in international politics have the opportunity and indeed the obligation to seek to use their theories to understand contemporary events. Indeed, that I think is the chief function of international relations theory. As Dick Mansbusch has argued in his recent book our theories are motivated by our values, affected by my dramatic contemporary events. And therefore far from timeless, far from objective. Good theory helps us understand our world and our lives. It may not help us understand all worlds and all lives. But it does not necessarily lead to cumulative knowledge. So I want to enlight, to interpret some elements of change and in contemporary world politics, in the world we're living through now, and taking the risk that events will soon prove me wrong. It's they probably will. I'm conscious that when we offer a contemporary analysis and policy advice, we must be humble. Since during the last several years we have failed to anticipate probably all the major changes in world politics, much less to evaluate how a particular policy actions would affect events. My excuse for talking about contemporary events is existential, that as human beings need to understand the conditions of their lives. And even if our theory is not very good it's the best that we can do it seems to me to understand that. The victory of the United States and its allies in the war against Iraq has led to a spate of popular commentary about a new world order, as the president puts it, under the Aegis of American military dominance or agmina. And indeed the United States stint of arms have impressive. They indicate that large, but technologically backward conventional armies are much less severe threats against an advanced fighting force than had previously been believed. They should not, however, be interpreted as meaning that military force can achieve political change or maintain the rule of unpopular governments within third world countries. A lesson which United States should have learned in Vietnam. Defeating conventional aggression can be achieved through massive airpower, helicopter gunships smart bombs and AirLand Battle doctrines, not to mention storm and noggin, but governance is an entirely different and much more difficult matter. The United States could force Iraq from Kuwait but we cannot install coherent government in Baghdad or even in Kuwait city. It would be simplistic to assume that the military victory of United States in the Persian Gulf, implies that the United States is now once again number one, hegemonic in the term used by political scientists. Power depends not merely on military strength. It depends at least as much on economic strength, the attractive of one's ideas and economic system and one's willingness to spend resources or the public's willingness to spend resources on foreign policy. For many purposes, securing cooperation from other events countries, ensuring growth in the world economy, cleaning the global environment. Military streets is not very important at all. It doesn't buy you much. It serves better as a shield against domination by others, that is a positive means of influence. In this lecture what I wanna do is to try to put some of the recent events into a broad historical perspective and to draw some conclusions for policy. At first, I will argue that if we view power more broadly than sheer military force, the past 30 years have witnessed not a concentration but a diffusion of effective power resources. And the Gulf war has not changed this long-term trend. This diffusion of power in World politics has two link dimensions. First, the decline of the economic predominance in United States which has been going on for 30 odd years. And secondly, the expansion and globalization of interdependence, which has been going on for at least as long. I will talk about then, about the transformation of political structure caused by a much more recent event without these long roots or the collapse of Soviet power in Eastern Europe. Does this transformation mean that the United States can do what it pleases in world politics? I think not. Finally, I would draw some policy conclusions. I think we should have a cautious awareness of the limitations of American power combined with an awareness of the possibilities for careful use of multilateral institutions to achieve our objectives. I worry about the phrase, the new world order. It reminds me of Voltaire's quip about the Holy Roman empire which he said it was neither Holy nor Roman nor empire or the new world order I suspect will be neither new nor worldwide nor in order. Let me talk first about the decline of the United States economic predominance. Throughout the 1980s, political scientists argued about the changing configuration of world power. How concentrated our world resources, power resources and in particular how dominant is the United States. Is the American share of relative power resources declining? And if so at what rate? what is the relationship between tangible power resources and actual influence in world politics? I think this debate has been somewhat overdramatized. The United States and of the facts that in fact are some are relatively clear. I wanna make four major points and they basically add up to the point that the United States is not as dominant economically as it was 30 or 40 years ago but it's still the world's leading economic power. And its relative decline has not been precipitous, at least not yet. My four specific points follow. First, even during the height of its economic ascendance in the 1950s and the early 1960s, the United States was involved in a bipolar military competition with the Soviet Union and was excluded by Soviet military power and political decision from significant access to Eastern Europe and much of continental Asia. The United States dominance therefore was never a global in scope. And we should remember that these golden years of American dominance weren't necessarily so golden from the point of view of the people living through them. Secondly, political scientists have sometimes exaggerated the ability of the United States in those years to exert effective inflows over its allies. The United States did seek to determine the strategic direction policy and to induce it's European partners through provision of material benefits to refer to its leadership. However, America was never able simply to dictate terms to the world. European influence was important in shaping a framework of economic interdependence and political lines. U.S influence over its allies was limited by the U.S his own strategy that is to create a voluntary Alliance of self-sustaining independent democratic States in Europe and in Japan. The U.S was a powerful leader and once in a while as in the Suez crisis when the U.S forced Britain and France out of Suez it showed its muscle, but the U.S can never dictate. If the U S ever had an empire, it was certainly an informal one and I would suggest perhaps even a metaphorical empire. Thirdly, the decline of American material dominance since 1950 has been significant but not precipitous, during the 1950s and 1960s the United States control their market proportion of the economic resources of the world. In 1953, United States manufacturing production was almost double that of the next three leading producers put together, that is double that of the Soviet Union, Great Britain and Germany combined. And it's gross national product, U.S GNP was more than twice that of Japan and the countries now in the European economic community combined. Between 1950 and the end of the 1970s, the U.S proportion of world product and a world manufacturing production fell. But since the middle late 1970s, the American share of world product has been steady at about 23%, much lower than the 38 or 40% or even 50% that have been estimated for the 1950, 55 period, but steady and by far the largest single actor if you don't count the European community as a single actor. Taking the early 1950s as a base point then, there's been a decline of American power. If we define power, not as influenced what has plant material resources, but that decline has occurred from a starting point at which most of the world was still suffering from the devastation of war. Part of the decline at any rate can be interpreted as reflection of underlying factor dominance temporarily disrupted outside of North America by world war II and its aftermath. So there has been a decline, but it's certainly not precipitous. Finally, the sources of a challenge to American economic dominance have to be specified carefully, this is often not done. That challenge never came from the Soviet Union despite what was frequently believed during the height of the cold war, Robert Gilman in 1981 that the Soviet Union was the rival power which might supersede the United States. Now that judgment looks incredibly anachronistic today. Since the 1970s, the United States has kept pace with Europe and manufacturing production, proportion of world product and competitiveness and the leading high-tech industry. The erosion of American material dominance does not result from European, much less Soviet economic progress but from a combination of internal political and economic problems in the United States and a remarkable rise of productivity in East Asia. It seems to me that two key problems are America's huge public sector deficits and low private savings rates, which have combined to make the United States reliant to an unprecedented degree for a great power on investment from abroad and Gilman's phrase, I think it's a good phrase and embedded heads are not the first one in history. Between 1983 and 1990, United States incurred a cumulative current account deficit that as we borrowed from abroad roughly $800 billion was extraordinary no great power has ever had the boldness or foolhardiness to do this before in world history. We are the only superpower if we are one, which is instead of being a creditor are huge in fact by far as you know the world's biggest debtor. At the same time a series of well-publicized reports has revealed the low academic performance of American secondary school students accepting those in this room, I'll be able to work does it mean by at some point secondary school students, And this low performance has ominous implications for United States competitiveness in future decades, whether we will restore are willing to compute in sophisticated segments or industries is open to question. And it's quite clear that in the last 15 years, it's been Japan and East Asia that have made the most rapid progress in high technology competition. So the general pattern of power diffusion is clear. United States financial strength has been weakened more than its manufacturing productivity or chair of world product. Significant relative gains have been made recently only by Japan and East Asia, not by Europe, much less by the socialist countries were falling further and further behind. Europe however, is a more effective economic actor than before, because of the increased size of the European community and the fiscal hearings of its policy. So we can now speak as we couldn't have 30 years ago of a tripolar world political economy. European pole, Japanese pole and an American pole, where the European community has the largest identity, if you count it as a whole, and East Asia the most rapidly growing one, however, neither Europe or Japan has the capability to be a political or military leader in the 1990s. A European politician was recently assigned that Europe is an economic giant, a political dwarf and a military worm. So when one takes into account multiple sources of power both tangible and intangible United States remains the strongest actor in world politics, but the margin of its dominance over Europe and Japan has become slimmer. Let me talk to about interdependence and limitations on the efficacy of military power 'cause we've come down out of the question on how much good from the point of view of U.S influence in the world economy does the undoubted fact that American military capabilities are greater than any other countries we have? Deterrence is difficult in the world politics, forcing others to act in desired ways through military threats is was much harder. We couldn't deter Iraq or we didn't successfully deter Iraq, but it's much more difficult to get others to do what we want them to do. If they've already occupied a territory or simply have other political objectives. And if it's difficult to use threats of force on military issues, it's almost impossible to translate military force into political influence and most of the issues dividing the countries are the tripolar world economy. And nothing in my view that happened in the winter of 1990 should alter this judgment. It was always clear that if unchecked, aggressive States could seize their neighbor's territory, it was always clear that the only effective counter to military force is unfortunately military force. In that sense, military force is not obsolete in world politics and will probably never become so. But the events of winter 1990, may it seems to me render force less rather than more likely to be used in the next 10 or 20 years. Indeed, the failure of Iraq's aggression towards Kuwait may well reinforce limitations and inhibitions on the use of offensive military force that seemed to be becoming somewhat tenor in the last 20 years. Opportunistic States were large conventional armies. They will be restrained from attacking her neighbors by recollections of what happened to Iraq. Well, the United States if its leaders are sensible, will recognize that its own forces are much more useful to deter and if necessary to have worked such attacks and they would be to intervene in the internal governance of foreign States. Over the next decade U.S credibility in deterrence will be higher than it was in the previous decade. Therefore it may be more, it may be easier to deter the future racks of this world from at least conventional attacks across sovereign States recognized borders. As I already have mentioned, threats or promises concerning the use of force, however are very difficult to use on issues of trade barriers, macro economic policy coordination or environmental protection. Movements of aircraft carriers will not open markets, alter exchange rates or preserve tropical rainforests from restructure. So the knowledge of which States have the most military power is not the magic key that unlocks the secrets of world politics as many people in Washington are talking now as if it were. It's very significant, it's significant in stopping aggression maybe deterring aggression, but it doesn't solve most of the problems that governments are concerned with and it has relatively little leverage on solving most of those problems. Now those issues have increased greatly that is non-military issues, issues on which military force is not very effective have become much more important in the last 40 years, rather continuously so as interdependence has grown. Interdependence means that societies firms, groups and governments are both sensitive to actions of others and vulnerable to changes in their relationships induced by other's behavior. Interdependence means that we affect each other more across national boundaries than used to be the case. During the cold war trade grew at a greater rate in almost every year than in world output. Between 1960 and 1986 foreign direct investment by developed market economies grew even more rapidly, 25 times a nominal terms. Shifts in energy consumption and production increased the dependence of Europe, Japan and North America on oil from the middle East. Reliance on air transport increased sensitivity and vulnerability to terrorism against commercial aircraft increased concerned about environmental issues, raised perceived interdependence about threats to the ozone layer, about global warming and about transboundary pollution. Influence on these global issues depends very little on military power and great deal on specific patterns of capabilities that are specific to issue areas. It's very hard to translate influence on one into influence on another. Oil exports, the size of one's important market for manufactured goods, possession of rain forest or linked and location of coastline may all be sources of influence on one issue or another but it's hard to exchange these resources for one another. They're not like money, coastline was valuable to States in the law of the sea negotiation, the more coastline you had the more effective you could be because you could threaten that you would simply expropriate as it was done in fact, but the seeds off your coast. But a long coastline won't buy you lower oil prices a long coastline plus $21 of barrel of oil and $21 of barrel of oil without a long coastline, having a big important market who had indirectly confer influence over climate change regime, but very delicate diplomacy would mean but to make that connection. What interdependence means then is first then military power is not affected on a lot of issues that we care about and secondly, it means that even great powers can't act effectively alone. To regain some influence over events, governments and firms have to collaborate with one another. They have to sacrifice their unilateral freedom of action for some degree of mastery over transnational national flows of capital, goods, technology, ideas, and people. But since sovereignty remains the basis of the world's society, sovereign States are still the fundamental acting unit. The sources of effective control over relevant state policy remain fragmented, and as issues subject to interdependence blood for right these power sources become more diffuse. They not only lie in the hands of more States within States that are controlled by more different types of actors. So the general pattern the last 40 years hasn't won a great difficulty and using force except for deterrence which is tricky enough and a diffusion of power as the number of issues about which States care as proliferating, during the cold war however, this diffusion of power was somewhat restrained by the fact that military force was a source of political influence in United States in one very important respect, since Europe and Japan relied on the American nuclear umbrella and substantial number of American troops for their security or at least for their confidence and their own security from the Soviet Union, they had to worry that the United States might either deliberately or as a result of popular crusher reduce its protection for them if conflicts on other issues became too intense. Insofar as the Soviets become less of a threat, this source of of U.S influence actually declined in the coming new world order. And it's independent of the extent to which the U.S is dominant in fact, the irony is that the U.S being more dominant militarily may find that this military of force has less influence over the Arab and the Japanese because the threat has disappeared. Let me talk now about recent events that is the transformation of political structure with the collapse or near collapse of the Soviet state 'cause I wanna put those against the background of these two other trends the gradual by no means precipitous decline in American economic capabilities relatively and the increase of interdependence and the diffusion of power over issue areas that that represents. When commentators write about the end of the cold war, they may refer changes in the relations between the superpowers which have recently been marked by remarkable cooperation as you know, especially in the war against the rep, such cooperation, however, may Wayne we see signs of Soviet second thoughts already but what does diminishes the president period In my view from previous president update time as in the early 1970s, also periods of cooperation superpower is the revelation of Soviet economic, political and military weakness. The withdrawal of Soviet power from central and Eastern Europe and the reunification of Germany. These are fundamental changes, much more fundamental than the change in relations between the superpowers which can blow hot or blow cold. If the Soviet Union or at least Russia, linked in Ukraine and by Russia manages to maintain its political integrity and remain a great power, conflicts of interest with Europe and the United States will undoubtedly persist. And depending on domestic politics, leadership policies and events elsewhere, they may be more or less severe. However, there'll be fundamentally different from the conduct of the cold war period because the Soviet Union will face a strong reunited Germany with Poland between them, but cold war began over the vision of Germany and the Soviet takeover obviously in Europe, the reversal of these actions marks its end. Whenever the pattern with future, it's gonna be different not gonna be returning to the cold war. We're not living through the late seventies again, when you seem to have a return of the cold war for a period of time. Not only has this had the Soviets withdrawn from Eastern Europe the Soviet Union status as a great power was in jeopardy for both economic and political reasons. It's capacity to produce technologically sophisticated commercial products keeps falling. If industrial production seems to be declining and the performance such as a distribution system has worsened markedly since 1989. At the same time, it's like coherence is threatened both horizontally by regional conflicts among and within the various republics and vertically by political conflicts between additional organs of the Soviet state and newly organized political forces, the Gorbachev Yeltsin for example the Soviet Union faces the danger as we all now know of collapse and civil war. Now, if the Soviet empire collapsed in 1953 and Germany had been reunited then when the East Germans had a revolution, now which was put down, the world would indeed had become unipolar that is, it would have been the U.S as the sole superpower of the U.S at that time having as we saw double the GNP of its current major rivals put together. It would however be very misleading to characterize the world of the 1990s in this way. Of course, the United States is the only state with the capacity to exercise global political leadership as Joseph Nye argued. What the more sweeping plains of less cautious commentators carried away by euphoria during the first phase of the Persian Gulf the first phase being the war, must be rejected. Charles Krauthammer has recently claimed that the United States is, \"The only country with a military diplomatic, political and economic assets to be a decisive player in any conflict in whatever part of the world, it chooses to involve itself.\" That's a statement great hubris. The chief error and his assertion there are many years is the word decisive. The United States has the greatest inability of any state to intervene on a global basis. Although one may doubt that its military power can be very effective on the Asian landmass away from access to the sea power but its action alone can hardly be decisive. As the war in Vietnam should have taught us. Other States interests must be engaged along with those of the United States and the United States does not have the ability to grade regimes in its image, except for is willing to contrary a very large portion of its resources in a small area. And even then it has very limited capability. We see right now the United States ability to control who runs Iraq what the shape of Iraq is, is very, very limited. The Iranians may have somewhat more influence in some respects than we have, even though it's quite clear that their military power is tiny compared to American military power. If we consider issues other than the most severe crisis such as the Gulf war, the image of unipolarity one Supreme dominant country becomes even more tarnished. You in world politics as a fragmented mosaic of issue areas and regions. We should think about the world as a world of asymmetrical multiple polarity rather than a world of unipolarity, that is there are lots of different centers of power in the world, but they're not equally important. The United States is the most important of those centers on the largest number of issues, that doesn't mean that it dominates on any issues except those in which military force can be brought to bear directly. So no small number of States in the current world, much less than a single power can determine political outcomes on all important issues in world politics. So having set this stage let me ask my final major question, that is, what is the role of multilateral institutions whether it's the European community or the United Nations or the world bank or International Monetary Fund those are all examples of what I mean by multilateral institutions. What's the role of multilateral institutions in this picture? What should their role be in American policy? I've argued that the post-Cold war system is fragmented by issue area and characterized by asymmetrical multiple area. Even if the Soviet Union or perhaps Russia regains its strength, the world political economy will revolve on the triangle of Europe, North America and Japan. Military power is likely to become a more concentrated in the advanced countries, as advanced technology plays an increasingly important role. But the purpose is to which call that power can you put will be restricted. The United States will not be able to dictate the rules on most issues because its resources although great will be limited. And there is no assurance that the American public will be willing to devote them in a sustained way to foreign policy in the absence of a credible security threat. Structural changes in the world apply policy changes. During the cold war, the United States exercise leadership and paid the price for it. Indeed, I would characterize U.S behavior during the cold war as unconditional leadership, that is the United States accepted a world role. Indeed welcomed the world role. And the U.S frequently sought the bolster regimes that would depend on American support rather than only offering American support reluctantly in response to requests from foreign governments. Congress and the public occasionally grumbled, but except where the human costs were high as in Vietnam, they acquiesced. So we had this policy of unconditional leadership captured best by John F. Kennedy in his inaugural address saying the United States will bear any burden, pay any price for Liberty. A continuation of this pattern in the 1990s is unlike for reasons both a security interests and economic capability, but the lapse of Soviet power in Eastern Europe and the likely disappearance of the Soviet Union as a superpower, seriously threatening American interests making it hard to argue that the United States must continue its role as a global policeman in the interest of our own security. It is the most fundamental principle of foreign policy that a nation's capabilities must be consistent with the interest of seeks to promote and defend. But the United States no longer has the economic capabilities to finance the role of policemen itself, especially in view our internal and external debt burden and little constraints on raising taxation. We've noticed that this wonderful spectacle of the U.S going hand to hand to its allies for their payments on the war, $54 billion promised the war got one little too fast from this point of view and now the U.S is that he talking about making sure if you will people pay up on their promises as a striking case of playing the role of policemen but not being able or willing to finance it. The habits of agenda, the habits of dominance inculcated for 40 years and the American will change. They'll change because interests have changed and capabilities have changed and nothing anybody can say is gonna alter those two fundamental facts. The question is how the habits of Germany will change. And with what effects on rural order, one possibility is the U.S could decide to go back to acting unilaterally, and go back to acting in a protectionist, I won't quite say isolation is the way, but with a very limited view of what its interests are. The U.S couldn't reduce the scope of its commitments. The U.S could come home America as George McGovern put it in 1972. It could let Europe defend itself which it could quite well do now, against any threats from the Soviet Union. It could adopt a serious domestic energy policy to reduce dependence on the middle East. And our dependence on the middle East is relatively small potentially at least compared to the European, the Japanese since we both have energy resources and a huge energy resource which is the waste that we now engage in, which could be cut back dramatically, thus saving oil. The U.S could withdraw military from the Persian Gulf, only perhaps retaining a shield of nuclear deterrence to break Israel. They could dramatically reduce its military presence in East Asia, leaving its base in the Philippines without seeking a replacement. And disengaging from the alliances on the Asian mainly. The United States will continue to protect Japan with its nuclear deterrent, but will no longer guaranteed Japanese access to Persian Gulf oil through the shipping lines or to secure it upon lines from Europe to the middle East. Now these actions would be consistent with the traditional behavior of great powers, defending their own vital interests shouldn't be discounted. That is, interests are now less worldwide than they were, we have no challenger anymore. So much of the rationale for the American global rule it's undercut and a powerful case to be made for a policy of retrenchment and domestic priorities. And these actions would indeed be consistent with the way great powers have usually behaved. That's often forgot, but certainly until 1945 this is the way the British wouldn't behave, yeah, not faced with a threat to their vital interests. However, these actions would be inconsistent with the practice of superpowers during last 40 years in particular emphasis with the U.S practice and with American habits. And I don't think we'll see them certainly off from the present generation of American leaders who are flushed with success with these habits. Successful States rarely change policy in the wake of further success. Now, some of these policies such as the development of an effective domestic energy policy would be long overdue in my opinion. However, restricting the scope of of U.S commitments would also incur serious cost to United States. As recent events indicate without extensive U.S involvement there's a great risk that the determined and aggressive leadership of a well-organized and hearing state, whether Iran 10 years ago or Iraq today, or Iran five years Hansen could dominate the entire oil producing areas along the Persian Gulf. And such an event would certainly undermine one the pillars of American influence in post-war order, that is control over the flow of oil supplies to Europe and Japan from the Persian Gulf. If the United States were to retrench therefore, its influence with its allies would surely suffer. That bargain has been based partly on what we just saw the last few months. U.S guaranteeing access to oil to Europe and Japan. Japan in particular would have much less incentive to accommodate American financial markets and the trade demands of the U.S government. Global issues such as environmental protection might become much harder to cope with in a genuinely multipolar system in which America could not kind of indifference to its wishes from its allies. Serious domestic adjustments including energy conservation and an increase in the messaging savings rate would almost surely be required, adjustment to more protection as policies by U.S trade partners particularly in Europe might be necessary. The promise domestic rewards of retrenchment will be unlikely therefore be realized. There wouldn't be a lot of payout to the populace. In the long run, much could be said for energy conservation and increased savings, but in the short forcing painful adjustment onto the American public via taxes, inflation or other means of reducing living standards is costly to politicians, maybe good for the country but it's costing the politicians. Negative reactions to the U.S policy shifts by its bipolar partners can easily to retaliation by the United States as lied to protectionism as earth recently, for example by the corporate leaders of Chrysler and Ford and by the United auto workers. A strategy of retrenchment has risky implications both at the domestic political level and for long-term national strategy. A more sensible alternative in my view to the unilateral reduction of America or just some form of joint leadership that is we're not gonna have it seems to me, unilateral leadership, we're not gonna have the U.S as the world policeman anymore or unconditional in Germany. And I doubt if we're going to have, I think we shouldn't have a policy of sharp retrenchment even though some signs might point in that direction. I would suggest the more sensible alternative then is some form of leadership. Under such a system, other States would make greater contributions to the maintenance of world order, a prosperous international economy and an effective international environmental policy. Now only with Japan and the European community make greater contributions. They would have to be willing to take political initiatives to exercise leadership. For its part, the United States would have to accept but it could not always play the major role in shaping joint policies, nor would its leaders always be at the center of the photograph of the G7 summits about the center of international attention. American willingness to let Europe take the lead and East European reconstruction is a welcome perhaps somewhat faint sign now that at least on some issues, the Bush administration may begin to enjoy leadership terms rather than leader follower terms. Now joint leadership requires multilateral institutions. If the United States is to reduce its costly commitments without risking trade wars, it will need to learn better how to use international regimes, international organizations and rules to further its own policy objectives. Doing so requires building on shared interests where it is feasible for States to gain jokey from cooperation. Where possible new international functions to be assumed by existing international organizations. So it's usually easier incrementally to extend the activities in the ongoing institution. If it operates roughly well then to construct and obtain widespread agreement on a new one. Completely massive paid and the problem with compliance with rules, it's easier to pass rules international institution than it is to ensure their compliance. We cannot think clearly then about state strategies in contemporary world politics if we take the notion of joint leadership seriously without taking into account the role played by multilateral institutions. Appropriate state strategies depend on institutional capabilities and expectations about their stability and prospects for growth. As much as they rely on cable is control unilaterally by States. That is access to an influence in international organizations is on many issues a more important resource to the United States than its military power. European stability is closely linked to international institutions in NATO of the European Community or the two plus four process. But the conference on security and cooperation in Europe and when state strategies change as those of the United States will have to in the next decade, given its resources and its interests multilateral institutions could play a decisive role into cautioning the effects of this change, and managing a transition before wouldn't be living through a transition between American dominance or however brief it was to new patterns of leadership to fit change political and economic structures. Now the indispensability at Bolzano institutions for joint leadership does not imply that the United States must necessarily rely implicitly on the United nations. International organizations whose members prefer antithetical policies can contribute to stalemate rather than to effective action. And this stalemate can be compounded when the leadership of these organizations is weak and their bureaucracies on low competence. Unfortunately those all apply to the United Nations most of the time. Some elements of the UN system there have been quite effective. Notably the UN environmental program, the loosely affiliated world bank and IMF. And depending on the political conjuncture, the security concept, others I won't mention them all have more checkered histories, to recommend that U.S policy worked through multilateral institutions as I do is not to argue that all their national relations are equally worthwhile or that for all purposes the United nations is the organization of choice. I just read a piece by Brian Earnhardt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116117#t=0.0,2819.688"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In a comprehensive security system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=7.266,9.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's his version of a new world order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=9.86,12.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm as skeptical about that new world order","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=12.6,15.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as about President Bush's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=15.2,16.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The UN members have many conflicting interests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=17.6,21.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was quite unusual and an extraordinary conjunction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=21.76,25.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that those interests cohered even temporarily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=25.78,29.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in August, September to November, January of this year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=29.13,33.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it'd be very foolish to assume","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=33.69,35.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that major issues in the future,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=35.86,38.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the great powers of the security council","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=38.47,40.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will act with one voice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=40.64,42.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's now happened once in the last 45 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=42.73,45.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the projection of that should not be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=45.92,47.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's gonna happen many more times","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=47.97,50.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the next five or 10 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=50.91,53.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The US, it seems to me, should work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=56.66,59.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through multilateral institutions whenever possible,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=59.63,62.357"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we should look them in the eye","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=62.357,64.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or look them like you casually look a gift horse","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=64.95,68.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the teeth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=68.05,68.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Multilateral institutions help governments, though,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=69.77,73.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to deal with fragmented relations of an independence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=73.54,76.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, having some structure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=76.59,78.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of multilateral institutions is essential to co-operation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=78.72,82.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"essential to joint leadership.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=82.62,84.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not just any structure, though,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=84.68,86.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of multilateral organizations will do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=86.32,88.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well-functioning multilateral organizations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=89.96,92.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may not only be tools for governments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=92.78,95.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they may even help to enhance the wisdom of policy-making.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=95.82,98.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Launching interventionists' crusades","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=99.93,102.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the UN banner, is not my idea of wisdom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=102.09,105.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But a great deal could be said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=106.25,107.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for using multilateral institutions more fully","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=107.85,110.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to restrain the interventionists' 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Nicaragua","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=120.25,124.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in Panama, the first two of those interventions fiascos","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=124.06,128.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the third remains to be 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ones,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=156.61,158.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such as those in the Persian Gulf this last year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=158.15,161.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it should in my view have to meet a procedural 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force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=166.723,171.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in defense of secondary interests,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=171.02,173.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, in defense of other states' primary 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body,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=179.11,181.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether UN Security Council or some other organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=181.04,183.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody with fully represented the governments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=183.91,187.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whose interest was supposedly threatened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=187.0,189.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we 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it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=200.41,202.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this might be a good time for that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=202.947,204.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the flesh of self-confidence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=204.67,208.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hubris overconfidence in American military power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=208.03,211.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, there was an encouraging word here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=211.91,213.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the fall of 1990,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=213.85,215.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States followed this kind of procedure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=215.68,218.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the first time in history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=218.22,220.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is, the Bush administration received authorization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=220.09,223.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to use force first from the UN security council","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=223.07,226.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and only afterwards from the US Senate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=226.25,228.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quite striking,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=228.51,229.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite a striking turnaround,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=229.95,231.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you won't find that in the US Constitution, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=231.69,235.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in my view of the process of international debate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=235.23,238.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and discussions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=238.28,239.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though it was limited debate and discussion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=239.26,241.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was salutary and provide a greater legitimacy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=241.77,245.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for American action,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=245.14,246.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also require the US explicitly to defend it's policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=246.65,250.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think it restrained precipitous action","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=250.56,253.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the US government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=253.72,255.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By including the UN security council,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=255.57,257.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as the Senate and in the liberations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=257.96,261.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this practice institutionalized a principle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=261.86,264.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of intellectual modesty that will be very useful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=264.44,266.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for our government to remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=266.92,268.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is, no single state,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=268.35,270.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no single organization, such as the 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involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=277.95,280.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the foreign policy takeoff,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=280.27,282.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the old phrase, as well as in the crash landing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=282.2,284.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the 1990's, the United States should in my view,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=286.983,290.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be willing to participate in joint leadership","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=290.75,295.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with like-minded governments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=295.05,296.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through international institutions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=296.95,298.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it should also be willing to listen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=298.93,301.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the views of others, seeking to restrain us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=301.2,304.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from some of our worst messianic impulses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=304.18,308.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Messianic and self-righteous impulses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=308.38,310.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me briefly conclude.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=312.01,313.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The chief lesson in my view of the Gulf War,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=314.56,317.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not to believe the lessons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=317.68,319.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are being drawn in the press.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=319.3,322.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Don't believe the lessons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=323.4,324.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about a newly important role of military force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=324.65,329.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and don't believe the lessons about a new world order","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=330.09,333.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just around the corner or through the tunnel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=333.16,336.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you can see the light or wherever else it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=336.55,339.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Long-run trends still favor the defusion and fragmentation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=339.53,343.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of power, and the continued emergence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=343.71,346.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a more complex, more interdependent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=346.38,349.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not necessarily more peaceful world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=349.22,352.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Military power will not be a panacea in such a world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=352.85,356.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even assuming, as I do, the continuing collapse","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=356.6,360.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Soviet union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=360.98,361.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I haven't even gotten into the issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=361.89,364.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of ethnic nationalism and the consequences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=364.13,368.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a possible collapse of Yugoslavia and of the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=368.01,372.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into armed warfare along various camps,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=372.37,375.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although my view on that is that there's quite very little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=375.96,379.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the United States or the United 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decade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=385.26,389.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can't be the world's policemen indefinitely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=389.02,391.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we would be unwise to 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think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=396.6,398.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to seek to exercise leadership,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=398.35,400.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but to do so through multilateral institutions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=400.69,403.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but our ambitions and our hopes should be restrained.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=403.69,407.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As Americans have often discovered to their chagrin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=408.27,411.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the world is a recalcitrant place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=411.42,414.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was recalcitrant for American states even in 1789.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=414.55,418.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was recalcitrant in 1848,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=419.06,421.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when revolutions took place all over Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=421.79,424.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and John Quincy Adams said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=424.24,425.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we should be a city on a 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1945","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=437.42,440.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the end of the greatest military victory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=440.11,442.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States and its allies ever fought.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=442.24,445.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is no less recalcitrant now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=445.49,448.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Acting wisely, we can improve it at the margins,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=448.28,452.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working for human rights, environmental quality,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=452.27,455.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"economic cooperation, security against attack.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=456.32,460.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But let us beware,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=460.56,462.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially in the current climate of 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anachronistic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=475.92,480.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much, I'd be happy to have questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=481.62,483.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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institutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=657.02,659.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ask yourself the question, if the UN didn't exist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=659.98,663.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would you have to invent it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=663.04,664.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The answer that question is, yes, you'd have to invent it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=664.91,666.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although it'd be very hard to do so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=666.87,669.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe in working up to the limits of their capabilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=669.1,674.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with imperfect institutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=674.35,676.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we don't do that, we find ourselves we'd not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=677.15,681.928"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It could not like do that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=681.928,683.395"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=683.395,684.268"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You said that the cog is not environment anymore,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=684.268,687.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think on the contrary, United Nations controls","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=687.453,689.919"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=689.919,690.752"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's how it keeps their rights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=690.752,693.135"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not against it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=693.135,694.308"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm gonna go next to somebody else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=694.308,695.754"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=695.754,697.174"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e How do you evaluate the near future of NATO?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=697.174,701.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It's a good question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=701.633,702.466"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question is, \"How do I evaluate the future of NATO?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=702.466,705.429"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The cleverest, I don't know if it's the most apt comment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=705.429,710.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the future of NATO was made,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=710.19,712.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the liker was made last year by Kenneth Waltz,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=712.56,715.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the University of California political scientist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=715.33,717.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who said that NATO's days are not numbered,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=717.95,720.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's years are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=720.31,721.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That actually is a very profound comment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=723.01,725.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Institutions tend to persist, and they,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=725.66,728.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially if they're successful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=728.91,730.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NATO has been very successful,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=731.69,733.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by far the most successful alliance in world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=733.75,735.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in modern world history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=735.96,737.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it will therefore not collapse immediately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=738.29,741.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand, institutions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=743.5,745.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they lose their reason for being,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=746.59,749.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they then eventually, either they stop existing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=750.96,754.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or more likely they become less and less important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=754.53,757.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're pushed off to some graveyard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=757.27,760.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all institutions or some cavern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=760.12,761.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They, like old soldiers never die, they just fade away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=763.47,767.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, NATO's future depends, I think, very heavily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=767.9,771.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the pattern of events in Eastern and Central Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=771.83,776.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the Soviet union should be taken over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=776.02,778.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by conservative generals who actually managed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=778.71,781.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make the country more coherent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=781.36,784.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and invest more money in the military,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=784.19,787.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and especially if they resist pulling their troops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=787.76,790.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out as promised and continue to renege","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=790.14,792.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on some of the provisions of Arms Control Agreement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=792.69,794.527"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if that were to happen, NATO would have a revival","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=794.527,797.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=797.92,798.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we have a situation of military conflict in East Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=798.91,803.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either inside what was the Soviet Union or elsewhere,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=804.08,806.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NATO will also be having revival.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=806.99,809.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Basically, as long as NATO's future will depend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=810.34,813.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on whether the Europeans want to pay a price","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=813.28,816.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have the Americans in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=816.76,818.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and whether the Americans are willing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=819.31,822.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to remain in, do they have an interest in doing so?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=822.82,826.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that depends on what happens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=827.47,829.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=829.323,830.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the Soviet Union were to become a relatively moderate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=830.29,834.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and peaceful country, which looks less likely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=834.74,836.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than a while ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=836.86,838.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think they told us years we'd be numbered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=838.94,841.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=843.47,844.571"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=844.571,847.154"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=877.418,878.251"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a good question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=878.251,879.084"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=879.084,879.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about international environmental institutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=879.99,882.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What relevance does the question of power have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=882.69,885.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to discussing international environmental issues?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=885.61,888.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me take two examples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=888.48,890.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is the ozone treaty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=891.26,893.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Montreal Protocol, 1987,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=893.06,895.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"following up the Vienna convention in '85,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=895.44,898.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the London Protocols in addition to it in 1990.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=898.597,902.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What the world community has done remarkably quickly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=902.83,905.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to ban the production and sale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=905.78,908.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of ozone ozone-depleting chemicals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=908.15,910.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Remarkable, only it's only six years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=912.13,914.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since the scientists definitively showed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=914.57,918.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that those chemicals were causing damage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=918.7,920.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the stratosphere,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=920.71,922.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and already we have international agreement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=922.04,924.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to stop their production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=924.86,926.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think by the year 2000, drastically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=926.89,928.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to reduce much it faster than that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=928.79,930.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's extraordinary internationally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=930.48,932.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It really is extraordinary accomplishment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=932.55,935.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and almost...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=935.24,937.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even people like me who believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=937.76,939.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there's international co-operation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=939.59,941.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wouldn't have forecast that much speed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=941.55,943.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at that case, why is that possible?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=943.83,946.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it turns out that ozone...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=946.53,949.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the production of hydrofluorocarbons is concentrated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=949.93,954.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a small number of countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=956.8,958.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mostly in Europe, the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=958.86,960.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Within those countries, it's cancered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=960.87,963.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a small number of firms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=963.0,964.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These firms have several important characteristics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=965.81,969.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of which is they're science-based firms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=969.49,972.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which have a high number of professional scientists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=972.22,974.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inside them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=974.94,975.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"secondly, they're publicly held firms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=975.81,979.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whose reputations are important to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=979.16,980.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DuPont, for example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=980.62,982.006"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They produce consumer products.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=982.006,984.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Furthermore, these chemicals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=986.2,988.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which were useful but not essential for any purpose,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=988.8,992.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were relatively small proportions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=992.73,994.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these firms' business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=994.66,996.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think one half won,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=996.62,997.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while DuPont what was the biggest producer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=997.92,1000.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of hydrofluorocarbons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1000.24,1002.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DuPont, I think, had one half of what was in it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1002.0,1004.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as profits were accounted for by now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1004.24,1006.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, DuPont,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1006.743,1007.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know the reasons for DuPont's...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1007.85,1010.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, the key action in this was DuPont's decision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1010.22,1012.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to close out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1012.95,1014.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close off production before being required,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1014.34,1016.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that led to a steamroller","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1016.96,1018.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a lot of long rolling effect and pushed governments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1018.16,1022.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into acting where they might not have otherwise done so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1022.18,1024.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, this may have been induced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1024.89,1026.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the science-based nature of DuPont.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1026.4,1028.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DuPont had promised publicly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1028.88,1030.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if scientists were to 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them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1036.27,1038.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it had a reputational reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1038.75,1040.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But also it had good reason to fear that if it didn't do so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1040.38,1044.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a consumer boycott would take place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1044.2,1045.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and would have much more drastic 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here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1050.36,1051.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the users were fragmented and not (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1051.25,1054.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They may have had a bigger stake in than the 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firms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1060.35,1065.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for these firms it was not a crucial thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1065.09,1067.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, consider another","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1067.98,1069.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much more difficult environmental issue: global warming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1069.48,1073.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, there's not a thorough scientific 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say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1079.05,1080.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we are warming the atmosphere dramatically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1080.98,1085.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by pumping CO2 into it are correct,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1085.7,1088.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then in fact, this has deleterious effects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1088.36,1091.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on ours and our descendants' lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1091.05,1094.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And suppose that's discovered,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1094.62,1096.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and suppose in two years that becomes as clear to us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1096.22,1099.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the ozone depletion became in 1985 or so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1099.43,1103.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you still have a much harder 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concentrated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1109.95,1113.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some countries like China have energy plans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1113.4,1116.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are based on coal fire plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1116.48,1118.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are tremendously polluting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1118.42,1120.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they believe that they have a 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issue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1126.2,1131.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cutting down the rainforest, supposedly burning them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1132.05,1134.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is very bad for the climate change models,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1134.21,1137.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's gonna be hard to persuade the Brazilians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1137.14,1139.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they should stop,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1140.74,1142.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and probably may be hard for them as a government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1142.5,1145.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a third world countries to actually force the stop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1145.35,1148.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not a trivial matter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1148.03,1150.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It'd require a complicated 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resilience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1156.28,1159.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in one way or another not to burn down there forest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1159.54,1162.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know what we'll do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1163.19,1164.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the Chinese and their coal fire plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1164.023,1165.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it may involve a huge technology transfer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1165.91,1169.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of showing the Chinese or building","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1169.49,1172.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for them high-efficiency, low-pollution plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1172.37,1176.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the costs will be not in the few billions of dollars,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1176.78,1179.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in the hundreds of millions of dollars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1179.853,1181.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People like John Sununu, (indistinct) advisor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1182.52,1184.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't think we should do it because it costs too much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1184.98,1188.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There'll be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1188.04,1188.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and power there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1188.873,1189.706"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the ozone area, power was concentrated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1190.81,1193.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the hands of people who wanted to use it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1193.68,1195.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the climate change, it's fragmented,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1195.74,1198.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and often in the hands of people with big interests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1198.47,1200.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in not using it for that purpose,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1200.32,1201.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that'll be much harder.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1201.97,1203.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you can analyze any one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1204.2,1205.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a number of issues that way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1205.45,1206.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now that some idea of whether it will be easier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1206.91,1209.417"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or difficult to deal 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(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1213.113,1215.691"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm glad you asked that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1231.62,1232.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question is why did I stress the UN,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1232.453,1235.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and do I think that world political organizations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1235.1,1238.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the UN are more effective and economic ones?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1238.5,1242.251"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I always stress the UN because in the shortage,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1242.251,1244.437"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the majority of the time and the extent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1244.437,1246.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to which the UN has been in the news recently,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1246.96,1250.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanted to emphasize both its limited usefulness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1250.79,1253.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also the point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1253.51,1254.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you don't simply accept whatever organizations 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years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1263.19,1265.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that GET, or the IMF, the International Energy Agency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1266.23,1269.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a whole host of others have been quite essential","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1269.94,1272.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to cooperation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1272.8,1274.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the key to this, 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worldwide,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1286.58,1290.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or also they are worldwide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1290.28,1291.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The power structure is very different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1291.93,1293.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the IMF power sector is not the UN power structure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1293.383,1296.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If UN is a travesty, IMF is even more of 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Japanese,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1302.54,1304.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they can vote anything they want to, basically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1304.08,1306.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they really dominate the IMF and the World Bank,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1306.71,1309.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unlike the UN.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1309.46,1311.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yet the IMF and the World Wank had been much more effective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1313.39,1317.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there has been a guiding set of interests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1317.25,1320.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which were able to push them forward.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1320.44,1322.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One should never disentangle the international institution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1322.43,1327.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the political and economic interests that it serves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1327.05,1330.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These aren't angels sent from heaven to help us out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1330.03,1333.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where the interests are fairly coherent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1334.81,1337.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and where the structure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1338.94,1340.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of power and organization is totally coherent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1340.06,1342.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you get effective international action.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1342.47,1345.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you like it, that's good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1345.77,1347.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you don't like it it's bad,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1347.67,1348.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's different from stalemate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1348.88,1350.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly these organizations have been more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1350.69,1352.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"effective overall than the political ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1352.41,1355.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e One more question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1355.87,1356.705"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1356.705,1359.122"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1361.37,1362.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1362.91,1365.068"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In spite the saying multilateral...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1365.068,1366.976"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(noise drowns out speaker)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1366.976,1368.442"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problem-solving, but also there is bilateral,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1368.442,1371.184"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1371.184,1373.784"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and speaking of GET issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1373.784,1376.125"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1376.125,1378.082"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to know the meaning of 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Japan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1392.507,1396.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1396.69,1399.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So really, how do you know whether multilateral","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1402.015,1406.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or bilateral?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1406.39,1407.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1408.323,1410.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The question is, especially with reference to trade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1413.827,1418.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when do we know when a bilateral approach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1418.0,1420.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as opposed to a multilateral approach makes 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situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1428.72,1433.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the power relationships in them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1433.5,1435.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to understand the bilateral ties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1435.04,1437.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at the trade situation, you see increasingly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1438.68,1443.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europeans are now as a larger trading block","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1444.45,1447.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1447.06,1448.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Europeans have their own protectionist interests,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1448.33,1450.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you know, most modernly agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1450.74,1453.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States is therefore no longer able","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1453.67,1456.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to divide the Europeans and have as much control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1456.52,1459.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it used to have over trade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1459.72,1463.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the trade policy outlooks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1463.173,1465.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States then finds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1465.57,1468.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think, that it wanted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1468.27,1470.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have some alternative,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1470.22,1474.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so it could tell the Europeans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1474.62,1476.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if you don't 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block.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1481.35,1483.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's how I read the bilateral pacts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1483.63,1486.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's some value in their own right,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1486.41,1488.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they probably helped US interest in general","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1488.9,1490.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to trade with Canada kind of freely,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1490.83,1492.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's also a political threat to the Europeans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1492.99,1496.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's clearly ,from an economic point of view,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1497.93,1501.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suboptimal to a world trade agreement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1501.09,1504.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was a free trade agreement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1504.1,1505.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that's not possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1505.23,1506.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the bilateral became a second best.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1506.92,1509.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think one way to see the bilaterals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1509.36,1511.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is in policy terms the second best,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1511.25,1513.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you can't have a letter of agreement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1513.26,1514.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in political power 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head","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1520.56,1521.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a Mediterranean club","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1521.67,1522.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or their deals with the North African countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1522.94,1525.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You asked about how they all go around in particular","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1529.4,1532.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what that illustrates actually is something 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theories,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1538.98,1540.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is the close relationship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1540.13,1542.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between domestic politics and foreign 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matter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1548.26,1550.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"driven by domestic interests,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1550.43,1552.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then you have a bargaining situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1552.95,1555.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which it's in no one's interest to compromise first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1555.32,1558.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's very easy to get into the kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1558.32,1560.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of log jam we're in now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1560.06,1561.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where everyone has an interest in avoiding a total collapse","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1561.87,1565.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a trade war, but nobody has interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1565.47,1567.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in making the first move","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1567.42,1569.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and being the weakling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1569.03,1572.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I had thought that we would get an agreement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1572.06,1575.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there is enough common interest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1575.78,1579.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's taking a long time coming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1579.67,1581.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e For those of you who had the good wit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1583.16,1585.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and wisdom to wait through this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1585.09,1586.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have cookies and punch over there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1586.76,1588.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you know what that means at ISU.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1588.29,1590.084"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we hope you'll all join us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1590.084,1591.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bob, thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1591.77,1593.408"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=1593.408,1596.408"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28019/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/019/original/AV204002_The_Diplomacy_of_Structural_Change_b.vtt?1622637689","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/019/original/AV204002_The_Diplomacy_of_Structural_Change_b.vtt?1622637689"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28020","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204002_The_Diplomacy_of_Structural_Change_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118/transcript/28020/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- In a comprehensive security system, that's his version of a new world order. I'm as skeptical about that new world order as about President Bush's. The UN members have many conflicting interests. It was quite unusual and an extraordinary conjunction that those interests cohered even temporarily in August, September to November, January of this year and it'd be very foolish to assume that major issues in the future, the great powers of the security council will act with one voice. It's now happened once in the last 45 years, and the projection of that should not be that it's gonna happen many more times in the next five or 10 years. The US, it seems to me, should work through multilateral institutions whenever possible, but we should look them in the eye or look them like you casually look a gift horse in the teeth. Multilateral institutions help governments, though, to deal with fragmented relations of an independence. In other words, having some structure of multilateral institutions is essential to co-operation, essential to joint leadership. Not just any structure, though, of multilateral organizations will do. Well-functioning multilateral organizations may not only be tools for governments, they may even help to enhance the wisdom of policy-making. Launching interventionists' crusades under the UN banner, is not my idea of wisdom. But a great deal could be said for using multilateral institutions more fully to restrain the interventionists' impulse in American foreign policy, and if you hadn't noticed, in the 1980s, that impulse has not been absent, certainly it's very clear in Lebanon, in Nicaragua and in Panama, the first two of those interventions fiascos and the third remains to be seen whether it will be a fiasco or not. I think that the United States should retain the unilateral right to use force in the defense of its primary interest. The security of its territory, the autonomy of its governing structures, deletability of its environment and its capacity to provide a decent standard of living for its citizens. But before it uses force in pursuit of less important interests, even quite important ones, such as those in the Persian Gulf this last year, it should in my view have to meet a procedural requirement. It is, I think that we should require, that before the US intervenes with force in defense of secondary interests, for example, in defense of other states' primary interests, there should be agreement by an appropriate multilateral body, whether UN Security Council or some other organization, somebody with fully represented the governments whose interest was supposedly threatened. I think we should, we might use international organizations to control a tendency of our government to pronounce what is best for everyone else in the world and to act militarily on it, and this might be a good time for that, in the flesh of self-confidence, hubris overconfidence in American military power. Actually, there was an encouraging word here. In the fall of 1990, the United States followed this kind of procedure for the first time in history. That is, the Bush administration received authorization to use force first from the UN security council and only afterwards from the US Senate. Quite striking, quite a striking turnaround, you won't find that in the US Constitution, for example, and in my view of the process of international debate and discussions, even though it was limited debate and discussion, was salutary and provide a greater legitimacy for American action, but also require the US explicitly to defend it's policy. And I think it restrained precipitous action by the US government. By including the UN security council, as well as the Senate and in the liberations, this practice institutionalized a principle of intellectual modesty that will be very useful for our government to remember. That is, no single state, no single organization, such as the executive within the state, has a monopoly of foreign policy wisdom. Multilateral institutions should be involved in the foreign policy takeoff, in the old phrase, as well as in the crash landing. And in the 1990's, the United States should in my view, be willing to participate in joint leadership with like-minded governments through international institutions, and it should also be willing to listen to the views of others, seeking to restrain us from some of our worst messianic impulses. Messianic and self-righteous impulses. Let me briefly conclude. The chief lesson in my view of the Gulf War, is not to believe the lessons that are being drawn in the press. Don't believe the lessons about a newly important role of military force and don't believe the lessons about a new world order just around the corner or through the tunnel where you can see the light or wherever else it is. Long-run trends still favor the defusion and fragmentation of power, and the continued emergence of a more complex, more interdependent not necessarily more peaceful world. Military power will not be a panacea in such a world, even assuming, as I do, the continuing collapse of the Soviet union. And I haven't even gotten into the issue of ethnic nationalism and the consequences of a possible collapse of Yugoslavia and of the Soviet Union into armed warfare along various camps, although my view on that is that there's quite very little that the United States or the United nations could sensibly do in such a situation. US policy will change in the next decade. We can't be the world's policemen indefinitely and we would be unwise to retreat to detectionism and xenophobia. The United States would be wise, I think, to seek to exercise leadership, but to do so through multilateral institutions, but our ambitions and our hopes should be restrained. As Americans have often discovered to their chagrin the world is a recalcitrant place. It was recalcitrant for American states even in 1789. It was recalcitrant in 1848, when revolutions took place all over Europe and John Quincy Adams said that we should be a city on a hill. It was recalcitrant in 1919, when Woodrow Wilson sought his version of a new world order at the Versailles peace conference, and it was recalcitrant in 1945 at the end of the greatest military victory the United States and its allies ever fought. It is no less recalcitrant now. Acting wisely, we can improve it at the margins, working for human rights, environmental quality, economic cooperation, security against attack. But let us beware, especially in the current climate of hubris of the Senate prime, especially when given the relative decline of American power, hubris, pride has become at least temporarily anachronistic. Thank you very much, I'd be happy to have questions.\r\n\r\n- Let me just say that I am the proud possessor, I don't know if Bob knows this, of a set of lecture notes, which Bob made in 1967. They still work pretty well. With that in mind, I think those of you wondering... Yes.\r\n\r\n- You've mentioned too that United Nations, some people consider United Nations and an institution which should be duplicated because there are six good... there's five superpowers which have big role over devolved law, and they impose their will, their might by the power of NATO, and it's a challenge to other people, you know, and they consider United Nations is a place when superpowers legitimized the activity index and illegal actions in the United States, and the new superpower to give them kind of legitimacy, and they think either the United Nations must change and both the parties must have the same rights, and no superpowers have legal right, or it should be totally mitigated because its presence is as its absence. Those people are utopians. That is, if you search, if you apply a standard to international institutions, perfection or even of reasonably close proximity to abstract justice, none of them will stand it. Very few human institutions will, but no international ones. And the implication of utopianism is a war of all against all, as Hobbes and the cidities knew. One person's travesty is another person's reasonable institution. The UN General Assembly has been considered for 20 years a travesty by the United States government because countries with a population of 50 or 100,000 have one vote, and countries with populations of 1 billion have one vote. On one dimension the UN General Assembly is a travesty, but it's the best forum for world opinion that we have. The security council, it's not true that these countries impose their will because they rarely agree. They have the ability with a veto to prevent action, which is why we usually have stalemate, and it's an odd organization, it doesn't include Japan as a permanent member, it doesn't include Germany as a permanent member, includes France, for a long time included Taiwan. That's the nature of world politics. There are lots of anachronisms and odd institutions. Ask yourself the question, if the UN didn't exist, would you have to invent it? The answer that question is, yes, you'd have to invent it, although it'd be very hard to do so. I believe in working up to the limits of their capabilities with imperfect institutions. If we don't do that, we find ourselves we'd not.\r\n\r\n- It could not like do that You said that the cog is not environment anymore, I think on the contrary, United Nations controls that's how it keeps their rights. Not against it.\r\n\r\n- I'm gonna go next to somebody else. Yes.\r\n\r\n- How do you evaluate the near future of NATO?\r\n\r\n- It's a good question. The question is, \"How do I evaluate the future of NATO?\" The cleverest, I don't know if it's the most apt comment on the future of NATO was made, the liker was made last year by Kenneth Waltz, the University of California political scientist, who said that NATO's days are not numbered, but it's years are. That actually is a very profound comment. Institutions tend to persist, and they, especially if they're successful. NATO has been very successful, by far the most successful alliance in world in modern world history, and it will therefore not collapse immediately. On the other hand, institutions, if they lose their reason for being, they then eventually, either they stop existing or more likely they become less and less important and they're pushed off to some graveyard of all institutions or some cavern. They, like old soldiers never die, they just fade away. Now, NATO's future depends, I think, very heavily on the pattern of events in Eastern and Central Europe. If the Soviet union should be taken over by conservative generals who actually managed to make the country more coherent and invest more money in the military, and especially if they resist pulling their troops out as promised and continue to renege on some of the provisions of Arms Control Agreement, if that were to happen, NATO would have a revival once again. If we have a situation of military conflict in East Europe, either inside what was the Soviet Union or elsewhere, NATO will also be having revival. Basically, as long as NATO's future will depend on whether the Europeans want to pay a price to have the Americans in, and whether the Americans are willing to remain in, do they have an interest in doing so? And I think that depends on what happens with the Soviet Union. If the Soviet Union were to become a relatively moderate and peaceful country, which looks less likely than a while ago, I think they told us years we'd be numbered. Yes.\r\n\r\n- Yeah. It's a good question. The question is about international environmental institutions. What relevance does the question of power have to discussing international environmental issues? Let me take two examples. One is the ozone treaty. The Montreal Protocol, 1987, following up the Vienna convention in '85, and the London Protocols in addition to it in 1990. What the world community has done remarkably quickly, is to ban the production and sale of ozone ozone-depleting chemicals. Remarkable, only it's only six years since the scientists definitively showed that those chemicals were causing damage to the stratosphere, and already we have international agreement to stop their production, I think by the year 2000, drastically to reduce much it faster than that. That's extraordinary internationally. It really is extraordinary accomplishment, and almost... even people like me who believe that there's international co-operation, wouldn't have forecast that much speed. If you look at that case, why is that possible? Well, it turns out that ozone... that the production of hydrofluorocarbons is concentrated in a small number of countries, mostly in Europe, the United States. Within those countries, it's cancered in a small number of firms. These firms have several important characteristics, one of which is they're science-based firms which have a high number of professional scientists inside them, secondly, they're publicly held firms whose reputations are important to them. DuPont, for example. They produce consumer products. Furthermore, these chemicals, which were useful but not essential for any purpose, were relatively small proportions of these firms' business. I think one half won, while DuPont what was the biggest producer of hydrofluorocarbons, DuPont, I think, had one half of what was in it as profits were accounted for by now. Now, DuPont, I don't know the reasons for DuPont's... Well, the key action in this was DuPont's decision to close out, close off production before being required, and that led to a steamroller to a lot of long rolling effect and pushed governments into acting where they might not have otherwise done so. Now, this may have been induced by the science-based nature of DuPont. DuPont had promised publicly that if scientists were to discover that these hydrofluorocarbons actually depleted the ozone layer, that DuPont would stop producing them. So it had a reputational reasons. But also it had good reason to fear that if it didn't do so, a consumer boycott would take place and would have much more drastic effects on the DuPont's profits than one half of 1%. So here, and the users were fragmented and not They may have had a bigger stake in than the producers. So here you had concentration of power in certain countries and in certain firms, and for these firms it was not a crucial thing. Now, consider another much more difficult environmental issue: global warming. Now, there's not a thorough scientific consensus on that yet, well, since the emerging, but let's assume that the people who say that we are warming the atmosphere dramatically by pumping CO2 into it are correct, and then in fact, this has deleterious effects on ours and our descendants' lives. And suppose that's discovered, and suppose in two years that becomes as clear to us as the ozone depletion became in 1985 or so, you still have a much harder time. Well, those CO2's are being are being pumped out by many countries and not nearly as concentrated. Some countries like China have energy plans that are based on coal fire plants, which are tremendously polluting, and they believe that they have a right and a need to industrialize them as fast as possible. The Brazilian rainforests are part of the issue, cutting down the rainforest, supposedly burning them, is very bad for the climate change models, and it's gonna be hard to persuade the Brazilians that they should stop, and probably may be hard for them as a government of a third world countries to actually force the stop. It's not a trivial matter. It'd require a complicated negotiation, side payments of some sort of some large amount, taxpayers of the advanced countries paying the resilience in one way or another not to burn down there forest. I don't know what we'll do about the Chinese and their coal fire plants, it may involve a huge technology transfer of showing the Chinese or building for them high-efficiency, low-pollution plants and the costs will be not in the few billions of dollars, but in the hundreds of millions of dollars. People like John Sununu, advisor, don't think we should do it because it costs too much. There'll be, and power there, in the ozone area, power was concentrated, and in the hands of people who wanted to use it. In the climate change, it's fragmented, and often in the hands of people with big interests in not using it for that purpose, that'll be much harder. But you can analyze any one of a number of issues that way, now that some idea of whether it will be easier or difficult to deal with. Yes.\r\n\r\n- I'm glad you asked that. The question is why did I stress the UN, and do I think that world political organizations like the UN are more effective and economic ones? I always stress the UN because in the shortage, the majority of the time and the extent to which the UN has been in the news recently, I wanted to emphasize both its limited usefulness, and also the point that you don't simply accept whatever organizations do. I actually think that the international economic organizations have been much more useful, much more effective the last 30 years, that GET, or the IMF, the International Energy Agency and a whole host of others have been quite essential to cooperation. I think the key to this, though, does lie in the question of interests. Most of these organizations are either composed only of States with quite common interests, limited number of organizations worldwide, or also they are worldwide. The power structure is very different and the IMF power sector is not the UN power structure. If UN is a travesty, IMF is even more of one because the us has veto power, Europeans have veto power, and between them and the Japanese, they can vote anything they want to, basically. So they really dominate the IMF and the World Bank, unlike the UN. Yet the IMF and the World Wank had been much more effective, because there has been a guiding set of interests which were able to push them forward. One should never disentangle the international institution from the political and economic interests that it serves. These aren't angels sent from heaven to help us out. Where the interests are fairly coherent, and where the structure of power and organization is totally coherent, then you get effective international action. If you like it, that's good. If you don't like it it's bad, but it's different from stalemate, and certainly these organizations have been more effective overall than the political ones.\r\n\r\n- One more question.\r\n\r\n- Yes. In spite the saying multilateral... problem-solving, but also there is bilateral, and speaking of GET issue I'd like to know the meaning of the... documented in Canada, Mexico and the US, Japan. So really, how do you know whether multilateral or bilateral?\r\n\r\n- The question is, especially with reference to trade, when do we know when a bilateral approach as opposed to a multilateral approach makes sense? I think that that the... we have to look first at the multilateral situation and the power relationships in them to understand the bilateral ties. If you look at the trade situation, you see increasingly, Europeans are now as a larger trading block than the United States, and the Europeans have their own protectionist interests, as you know, most modernly agriculture. The United States is therefore no longer able to divide the Europeans and have as much control as it used to have over trade, the trade policy outlooks. The United States then finds, I think, that it wanted to have some alternative, so it could tell the Europeans that if you don't agree on reasonable terms, from our point of view we can form our own North American trade block. That's how I read the bilateral pacts. There's some value in their own right, they probably helped US interest in general to trade with Canada kind of freely, but it's also a political threat to the Europeans. It's clearly ,from an economic point of view, suboptimal to a world trade agreement. That was a free trade agreement, but that's not possible. So the bilateral became a second best. So I think one way to see the bilaterals is in policy terms the second best, if you can't have a letter of agreement and in political power terms, a club that you have to beat somebody over the head if they're beating you over the head with a Mediterranean club or their deals with the North African countries. You asked about how they all go around in particular what that illustrates actually is something different which we know but don't deal with adequately in our theories, and that is the close relationship between domestic politics and foreign policy, both the US policy and especially European policy and Japanese policy for that matter, driven by domestic interests, and then you have a bargaining situation in which it's in no one's interest to compromise first. So it's very easy to get into the kind of log jam we're in now, where everyone has an interest in avoiding a total collapse and a trade war, but nobody has interest in making the first move and being the weakling. So, I had thought that we would get an agreement because there is enough common interest, but it's taking a long time coming.\r\n\r\n- For those of you who had the good wit and wisdom to wait through this, we have cookies and punch over there and you know what that means at ISU. So we hope you'll all join us. Bob, thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43272/file/116118#t=0.0,1602.192"}]}]}]}