{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/dz02z13b04/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Larson, Edward J., From Dayton to Kansas"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["From Dayton to Kansas: A Brief Tour of 20th Century Anti-Evolution Actions in America. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. 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lectures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=7.85,12.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this our celebration of the 20th anniversary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=12.73,16.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the History of Technology and Science 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History,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=22.15,24.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the History of Technology and Science program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=24.2,26.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the College Liberal Arts and Sciences Miller Lecture Fund,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=26.44,29.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Committee on Lectures funded by GSB.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=29.94,32.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our lecturer tonight, Edward Larson,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=33.75,36.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the Richard Russell Professor of History and Law","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=36.47,40.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the University of Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=40.94,43.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has a law degree from Harvard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=43.34,45.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a doctorate in the history of science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=45.76,48.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the University of Wisconsin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=48.15,50.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which for his particular subject","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=50.34,51.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a better place to go than Harvard actually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=51.92,54.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's written a lot of books and a lot of articles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=55.72,58.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the book that I think he is best known for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=58.6,61.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the one he published recently, \"Summer for the Gods\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=61.57,65.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the Scopes trial.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=65.51,67.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the book for which he won the Pulitzer Prize.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=67.52,70.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm sure that there are a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=70.12,71.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"book clubs around the country talking about this book.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=71.39,74.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the Scopes trial is in a way the best thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=76.48,81.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that ever happened to the study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=82.02,83.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the history of science and religion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=83.89,86.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's because the Scopes trial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=86.23,88.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got a lot of people interested in the subject","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=88.67,91.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the history of science and religion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=91.42,93.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the Scopes trial also is the worst thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=94.93,98.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that ever happened to the study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=98.07,99.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the history of science and religion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=99.41,101.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not only has the Scopes trial itself been misunderstood,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=101.49,104.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also insofar as has it has been misunderstood,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=104.74,108.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or even understood, it has very often fostered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=108.28,111.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exceedingly misleading ideas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=111.7,113.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the historical relationship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=113.68,115.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between science and religion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=115.77,118.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm glad to say that in the last few years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=118.06,121.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"last several years maybe, that a number of scholars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=121.08,123.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been correcting this story","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=123.82,125.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and principle among them has been our speaker tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=125.95,129.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Edward Larson, who is one of the foremost 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program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=172.75,176.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is much admired throughout America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=177.91,180.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has produced fine 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music)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=621.981,624.731"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, good morning young ladies and gentlemen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=629.506,631.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good morning visitors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=637.87,639.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For our science lesson for today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=647.887,650.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we will continue our discussion of Darwin's theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=650.8,654.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the descent of man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=654.84,656.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I told you yesterday, Darwin's theory tells us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=658.319,660.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that man evolved from a lower order of animals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=660.47,662.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From the first wiggly protozoa here in the sea, to the ape,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=663.87,668.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and finally to man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=668.73,670.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now some of you fellas out there are probably gonna 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way-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=679.44,680.609"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Bertram T. Cates?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=680.609,683.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Come off it Sam, you've known me all my life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=683.25,685.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Bert, you're charged with violatin' Public Act 31428,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=685.79,690.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"volume 37, statute number 31428 of the state of code,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=691.81,695.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which makes it unlawful for any 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religion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=1790.537,1792.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I am here to defend it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=1792.95,1794.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They can ask me any questions they 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crusade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2386.44,2389.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and old-style biblical creationism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2389.15,2391.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me 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result.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2706.58,2709.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Goals 2000, the federal mandate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2710.51,2712.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for state education standards,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2712.75,2714.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which fit neatly into a general trend evident in Kansas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2714.78,2719.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and elsewhere for states to displace localities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2719.22,2723.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in school budget and curriculum matters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2723.92,2727.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The centralizing effect provoked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2727.23,2729.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a grassroots, conservative reaction in many states","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2729.35,2732.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in Kansas that grassroots effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2734.01,2737.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to defend local control over public education began","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2737.09,2740.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"impacting decisions of the elected state school board,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2740.17,2744.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Kansas is almost unique in having","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2744.47,2746.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an elected state school board,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2746.23,2747.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially after 1996, when four movement conservatives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2747.94,2752.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"won seats in the 10-member board","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2752.88,2755.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"creating a 5-5 ideological split.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2755.01,2757.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not all of these conservatives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2759.14,2760.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came from the religious right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2760.58,2762.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some were decidedly secular,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2762.53,2765.172"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ayn Rand conservatives as it were,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2765.172,2767.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but all endorsed local control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2767.42,2769.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this is not a partisan division in solidly GOP Kansas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2770.85,2774.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The inter-party warfare,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2774.7,2776.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pitting Bob Dole-type, Main Street Republicans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2776.23,2778.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against the party's right-wing activists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2778.88,2781.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No one has been more critical of the board","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2781.92,2784.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the state's stalwart GOP Governor Bill Graves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2784.04,2787.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who has advocated abolishing the elected board","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2787.34,2790.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ever since the right-wing resurgence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2790.12,2793.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like other states, when it came to drafting its goal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2793.3,2795.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for science education, Kansas began with model standards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2795.74,2798.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drafted by the National Academy of Sciences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2798.71,2801.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These standards cover physical life and Earth sciences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2801.687,2805.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's the later two areas that the concept of evolution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=2805.12,2809.453"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26746/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/026/746/original/AV204718_From_Dayton_to_Kansas_a.vtt?1622064198","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/026/746/original/AV204718_From_Dayton_to_Kansas_a.vtt?1622064198"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26747","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204718_From_Dayton_to_Kansas_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255/transcript/26747/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Technology and Science program here at Iowa State and this lecture tonight is one of a series of lectures in this our celebration of the 20th anniversary of the History of Technology and Science program. The sponsors of the lecture tonight are the Department of History, the History of Technology and Science program, the College Liberal Arts and Sciences Miller Lecture Fund, and the Committee on Lectures funded by GSB. Our lecturer tonight, Edward Larson, is the Richard Russell Professor of History and Law at the University of Georgia. He has a law degree from Harvard and a doctorate in the history of science from the University of Wisconsin, which for his particular subject was a better place to go than Harvard actually. He's written a lot of books and a lot of articles, but the book that I think he is best known for is the one he published recently, \"Summer for the Gods\" about the Scopes trial. This is the book for which he won the Pulitzer Prize. And I'm sure that there are a lot of book clubs around the country talking about this book. Now the Scopes trial is in a way the best thing that ever happened to the study of the history of science and religion. And that's because the Scopes trial got a lot of people interested in the subject of the history of science and religion. But the Scopes trial also is the worst thing that ever happened to the study of the history of science and religion. Not only has the Scopes trial itself been misunderstood, but also insofar as has it has been misunderstood, or even understood, it has very often fostered exceedingly misleading ideas about the historical relationship between science and religion. I'm glad to say that in the last few years, last several years maybe, that a number of scholars have been correcting this story and principle among them has been our speaker tonight, Edward Larson, who is one of the foremost scholars on the subject of the history of science and religion and specifically the Scopes trial. And it's that area that he's going to talk about tonight. His title is \"From Dayton to Kansas: A Brief Tour of 20th Century Anti-evolution Actions in America.\"\r\n\r\n- Thank you, David, and I probably should comment that probably the Scopes trial was one of the best things that ever happened to my academic career as well. I was just thankful that historians had left it alone for so long. It is indeed an honor to be here tonight. Your History of Technology and Science program is much admired throughout America. It has produced fine scholars. It has been the home of fine research and teaching. And I'm just humbled to have been invited to speak in a series that helps commemorate this very special anniversary. It's also an honor to be introduced by David, who has been involved at a very practical level on this subject for years, has thought about it, written about it, and I appreciate your invitation and your introduction, so thank you very much. Well, the Scopes trial, heard a little bit about it. It may be the most famous trial to occur ever on American soil. Not the most famous court case, judicial decision, but the most famous actual trial. It arose in 1925, seventy-five years ago this year, this summer, soon after Tennessee enacted a statute forbidding public school teachers from instructing students in the theory of human evolution. The new law immediately attracted national attention, with some conservative religious leaders praising it, but many, most, mainstream cultural figures scorning it and denouncing it. That attention soon focused in on the small Tennessee town of Dayton, where a local science teacher named John T. Scopes, This is his picture with his with his father, accepted the invitation of the American Civil Liberties Union to challenge the new law in court. The media promptly proclaimed it before it even began, the trial of the century, as this young teacher, backed by the nation's scientific, educational, and cultural elite, stood against the forces of fundamentalist religious lawmaking. The trial gained attention in part because it captured so many of the contradictions that characterize American culture. In the 18th century, the United States became the first modern nation to officially separate church and state and yet this trial involved a new state statute that linked church and state by seeking to conform public education to religious belief. During the 19th century, American cultural leaders generally embraced a civil religion that endorsed Protestant Christian norms and values for society and for education. And yet in this case, those leaders turned against Tennessee for placing biblical concepts of creation above the established scientific theory of evolution. By the 20th century, the United States had risen to the forefront in scientific research, especially in the biological sciences. And yet the enactment of this statute suggested that a significant political support existed for accepting religion over science on a matter central to modern biology. For many Americans at the time and ever after, the Scopes trial represented the inevitable conflict between modern scientific thought and traditional religious belief. Americans hung on every word as renowned lawyers argued the case for and against the Tennessee anti-evolution law. In time it became part of American folklore. As with any legend, the story evolved with each retelling. And that's what David Wilson was mentioning. Its most enduring version appeared in the 1955 Broadway play and 1960 Hollywood movie, which is still going strong in the little theater and school theater circuit, \"Inherit the Wind.\" I thought I'd begin, and I know there's some people, this would be a good time if wanna just come in and take these seats, 'cause I'm gonna begin to give you an image of that legend that we're gonna be, that is how people perceive the Scopes trial. I'm just going to show a little clip, the beginning of \"Inherit the Wind,\" most of you have probably seen it and the hope is it'll jog your memory. And also it sets the stage, even just this little beginning, for everything that follows in the movie \"Inherit the Wind.\" And then I'll talk some about what actually occurred. If you can't see if perfectly, it's just the beginning. ♪ Gimme that old-time religion ♪ ♪ Gimme that old-time religion ♪ ♪ Gimme that old-time religion ♪ ♪ It's good enough for me ♪ ♪ Gimme that old-time religion ♪ ♪ Gimme that old-time religion ♪ ♪ Gimme that old-time religion ♪ ♪ It's good enough for me ♪ ♪ It was good for little David ♪ ♪ It was good for little David ♪ ♪ It was good for little David ♪ ♪ And it's good enough for me ♪ ♪ Oh, gimme that old-time religion ♪ ♪ Gimme that old-time religion ♪ ♪ Gimme that old-time religion ♪ ♪ It's good enough for me ♪ ♪ It was good for old Jonah ♪ ♪ It was good for old Jonah ♪ ♪ It was good for old Jonah ♪ ♪ And it's good enough for me ♪ ♪ It was good for the Hebrew children ♪ ♪ It was good for the Hebrew children ♪ ♪ It was good for the Hebrew children ♪ ♪ And it's good enough for me ♪ ♪ Gimme that old-time religion ♪ ♪ Gimme that old-time religion ♪ ♪ Gimme that old-time religion ♪ ♪ It's good enough for me ♪\r\n\r\n- Well, good morning young ladies and gentlemen, good morning visitors. For our science lesson for today, we will continue our discussion of Darwin's theory of the descent of man. As I told you yesterday, Darwin's theory tells us that man evolved from a lower order of animals. From the first wiggly protozoa here in the sea, to the ape, and finally to man. Now some of you fellas out there are probably gonna say that's why some of us act like monkeys. But what Mr. Charles Darwin was tryin' to tell us in his own way-\r\n\r\n- Bertram T. Cates?\r\n\r\n- Come off it Sam, you've known me all my life.\r\n\r\n- Bert, you're charged with violatin' Public Act 31428, volume 37, statute number 31428 of the state of code, which makes it unlawful for any teacher of the public school to teach any theories that denies the creation of man as taught in the Bible and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower form of animals. Bertram Cates, I hereby place you under arrest.\r\n\r\n- Well, that's how the legend goes, those of you who could see it on that small screen. An official delegation arrests a young science teacher in his public school classroom and jails him for telling the students about the Darwinian theory of human evolution. Such teaching supposedly undermines their faith in the biblical account of human creation. Although real names and dates are not used, viewers of this scene know that the teacher was John Scopes and that it occurred during the summer of 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee. The stage directions begin, \"It is important to the concept of the play, that the town is always visible, looming there, as much on trial as the individual defendants.\" It makes for powerful drama, a scene seared in the national consciousness, but it never happened quite that way. Indeed, the movie prompted the great American journalist Joseph Wood Krutch, who covered the Scopes trial for the nation, to rebut, \"The little town of Dayton behaved on the whole quite well. The atmosphere was so far from being sinister that it suggested a circus day.\" Krutch remembered the episode well. It was no witch hunt led by a fundamentalist firebrand, played by Claude Akins in the show you just saw, but a bizarre publicity stunt concocted by secular, civic leaders. In a highly-publicized act during the spring of 1925, Tennessee lawmakers passed a statute making it a misdemeanor, punishable by a maximum fine of $500, for a public school teacher to teach that man had descended from a lower order of animal. I guess they weren't too sure about women. Upon learning of the restriction, the fledgling ACLU issued a press release in New York offering to assist any teacher willing to challenge the constitutionality of the new law in court. \"Our lawyers think a friendly test case can be arranged without costing a teacher his or her job,\" the ACLU release stated. \"Distinguished counsel have volunteered their services. All we need now is a willing client.\" John Scopes became that willing client at the invitation of the Dayton school officials. And here he is with part of his large team of lawyers. Now, these Dayton school officials, who had asked Scopes to stand as the defendant, had been persuaded by a local business leader opposed to the controversial statute that a test case challenging it would bring attention to their town. During the sensation-loving 1920s, apparently any media attention was welcome. Scopes was neither jailed or ostracized, nor did he lose his job. He spent much of the time until trial traveling and talking with reporters. Even if Dayton behaved quite well overall however, Tennessee had barred its teachers from teaching their students about Darwinism. This was the real news story of the day and it had long roots. Ever since Charles Darwin published his Theory of Evolution in 1859, some conservative Christians objected to the atheistic implications of its naturalistic explanation for the origins of biological species, particularly of humans. Further, some traditional scientists, most notably England's leading anatomist, Richard Owen and the great Harvard zoologist Louis Agassiz, promptly challenged the very notion of evolution by arguing that highly-complex, individual organs, such as the eye, and ecologically-dependent species cannot evolve through the sort of minute random steps envisioned by Darwinism. Although the scientific community largely converted to the new theory due to its ability to explain other natural phenomenon that appear utterly senseless under a theory of design or creation, such as the fossil record and the geographical distribution of similar species, religious opposition remained. And these religious opponents often invoked the earlier scientific arguments against evolution. Indeed, these religious objections actually intensified in the United States during the early 20th century with the spread of fundamentalism as a reaction by some traditional American Protestants to increased religious liberalism within their main line denominations. Fighting for the fundamentals of biblical orthodoxy, many fundamentalists leaders denounced evolutionary thinking as the heart of the modernist liberal heresy in the Protestant churches. The leading American politician and orator, William Jennings Bryan, here shown in his full Secretary of State regalia, added his voice to this chorus following the First World War as he came to see Darwinian struggle for survival of the fittest thinking, known as social Darwinism when applied to human society, behind excessive militarism, imperialism, and laissez faire capitalism, the three greatest sins in Bryan's political theology. Of course, Bryan also maintained religious objections to Darwinism, and he invoked Owen and Agassiz's old scientific arguments against the theory as well. But his fervor on this issue arose from his social concerns. At the time, Bryan still commanded the respect of Americans, working men and women from his three campaigns for president and subsequent support of labor reforms and world peace. To this he now added a growing conservative religious following on the issue of evolutionary teaching. With his progressive political instincts of seeking legislative solutions to social problems, Bryan called for the enactment of state restrictions against teaching the Darwinian theory of human evolution in public schools. It had all the trappings of a political campaign as Bryan spoke, wrote, and lobbied for such laws across America during the early 1920s, culminating in passage to the Tennessee law in 1925. In adding a criminal penalty however, Tennessee legislators went beyond Bryan. He specifically urged them to simply outlaw teaching evolution and let public opinion do the rest. Imposing a punishment against school teachers would only serve to create martyrs, Bryan warned. Yet, he volunteered his services for the prosecution to defend his law before the nation, when Dayton indicted one of its own in an obviously staged publicity stunt. Now Bryan's presence at trial defending religion and attacking the social implication of Darwinism drew the attention of Clarence Darrow. And there should be a picture of Clarence Darrow at the Dayton trial. By the 1920s, Darrow unquestionably stood out as the most famous, some would say infamous, trial lawyer in America. Born into an educated, working-class family in rural Ohio, Darrow first gained public notice as a labor lawyer during the 1890s. For the next 15 years, Clarence Darrow was the nation's outstanding defender of labor at a time when labor was more militant and idealistic and employers more hardened and desperate than ever before or since. The cases he was called upon to defend were almost invariably highly-publicized, criminal prosecutions in bitterly hostile communities. The final such case, a dramatic 1911 murder trial involving two union leaders accused of blowing up the Los Angeles Times building, tarnished Darrow's reputation with labor when the lionized defendants confessed their guilt to avoid the death penalty. Thereafter, Darrow gradually shifted his practice to criminal law, defending an odd mix of political radicals and wealthy murderers. These activities kept Darrow's name in newspaper headlines, such as during the 1924 Leopold Loeb case, one of the most sensational trials in American history. In it, Darrow used arguments in psychological determinism informed by notions of evolutionary naturalism to save two wealthy and intelligent Chicago teenagers from execution for their cold-blooded murder of an unpopular schoolmate, a crime the defendants apparently committed for no other reason than to see if they could get away with it. And that attracted the nation nation's attention about like the Columbine murders did a year ago here. Although Darrow's defense outraged many Americans who believed in individual responsibility, it reflected his longstanding and oft proclaimed belief in materialistic determinism. Darrow was not content with simply questioning popular notions of criminal responsibility, but delighted in challenging traditional concepts of morality and religion. He regarded Christianity in, as he called it, a slave religion, in that it enslaved its followers by encouraging acquiescence and injustice, a willingness to make do with the mediocre, and complacency in the place of the intolerable. In the courtroom, on the lecture circuit, in popular debates, through dozens of books and articles, Darrow spent a lifetime ridiculing traditional religious beliefs. Darrow welcomed hullabaloo surrounding the anti-evolution crusade. It rekindled interest in his legalistic attacks on the Bible. When the Scopes trial arose in 1925, Darrow volunteered his services for the defense. The only time in his entire life he ever volunteered free legal aid. At the time he was commanding typical payments for a single case of a quarter a million dollars a case in mid 1920s. That's a lotta money now and that's a lotta money then. As he put it in his autobiography, \"My object in wanting to take this case was to focus the attention of the country on the program of Mr. Bryan and other fundamentalists in America.\" For Darrow, as for Bryan, this was to be a politicized trial addressing the court of public opinion rather than any court of law. And that's what made it the trial the century before it even began, because it was going to bring two of the most famous speakers together in a courtroom to discuss these issues, polarized speakers. The prospect of these two renowned orators actually litigating the profound issues of science versus religion and academic freedom versus popular control over public education, turned the trial into a media sensation then and the stuff of legend ever after. News of the trial dominated the headlines during the weeks leading up to it and pushed nearly everything else off America's front pages throughout the eight-day event. Pioneering live radio broadcast carried the oratory to the listening public. It was the first broadcast trial and you could have listened to it in any farmhouse in Iowa, every word, if you had a radio. Newsreel cameras recorded the encounter. The entire event was taped. And the film was flown directly to major northern cities for projection in movie houses the very day of the trial it would be flown out so people could see it that night and then the next day it'd be reproduced and sent around to movie halls. By its end Dayton's civic leaders could only marvel at the success of their little publicity stunt and dream of ways to capitalize on the town's new notoriety. For maximum effect however, the media typically classed the story as the heroic Scopes standing against the aroused forces of reactionary, fundamentalism. Not quite the story the civic leaders had envisioned. Many journalists did distinguish between the state, which had passed the law, and the town, which simply was staging a test case about the law. But readers could hardly be expected to pick up on such nuances. The northern press ridiculed the entire event and the anti-evolutionism in general as a gross violation of individual rights, academic freedom, and the separation of church and state. Those sympathetic to Bryan's position could only hope that their spokesperson could make a case for such restrictions. The courtroom arguments and the speeches by both sides addressed the nation rather than the jurors, who missed most of the oratory anyway because it had so little to do with the facts of the case that they were almost always excused from the courtroom. The defense divided its arguments among its three principle attorneys. ACLU counsel Arthur Garfield Hays focused on the standard ACLU arguments that Tennessee's anti-evolution law violated the individual rights of teachers. The suave New York lawyer Dudley Field Malone, I think I can actually go forward. I can show some of those other attorneys. Dudley Field Malone, who's the one on this side, a liberal Catholic, argued that the scientific theory of evolution did not necessarily conflict with an open-minded reading of Genesis. Darrow, for his part, concentrated on debunking fundamentalist reliance on revealed scripture as a source of knowledge about nature suitable for setting educational standards. Their common goal as Hay stated at the time, was to make, and I quote, \"Make it possible that laws of this kind will hereinafter meet the opposition of an aroused public opinion.\" That is, they were speaking to the nation. The prosecution countered with Bryan and a half dozen local attorneys led by the state's able prosecutor and future U.S. Senator Tom Stewart. In court, they focused on proving that Scopes broke the law and objected to any attempt to litigate the merits of the statute. It was enough that a democratically-elected legislature adopted it they maintained. \"Mr. Scopes might take his stand on the street corner and expound until he becomes hoarse,\" Stewart argued in court, \"but he cannot go into the public schools and teach this theory. Legislators who are responsible to their constituents, to the citizens of Tennessee, should control public education.\" Bryan, who had not practiced law for three decades, stayed uncharacteristically quiet in court and saved this oratory for lecturing the assembled press and the public outside the courtroom about the vices of teaching evolution and the virtues of majority rule. He also prepared a thunderous three-hour long address on these points that he planned to deliver as the prosecution's closing argument. That was to be his one presentation in court. As the actual trial played out however, Darrow managed to frustrate Bryan's plan by waiving his own close, because under Tennessee judicial practice the defense controlled if there were to be closing arguments at all, and if the defense didn't give one then prosecution couldn't, which left Bryan speechless. The give and take so closely followed at the time was soon eclipsed by Darrow's brilliant closing maneuver. After the state had won every courtroom battle by largely foreclosing arguments over the statute's constitutionality and totally excluding any expert testimony about evolution and religion, it lost the war when Darrow called Bryan as an expert on the Bible. Here is Bryan in the courtroom. The defense attorneys originally had hoped to debunk fundamentalism to the testimony of renowned scientists and liberal theologians, which they had brought to Dayton as expert witnesses and hoped to put on the stand. Their testimony was all excluded by the judge as relevant to whether Scopes had actually violated the statute. Now Darrow sought the exact same result, that is debunking fundamentalism, by grilling Bryan. Up to this point, Stewart, the prosecuting attorney, had masterfully limited the proceedings and with the help of a friendly judge, confined his wily opponents. But Stewart could not control his own volunteer co-counsel, especially because the judge seemed eager to hear Bryan defend the faith. \"All the lawyers leaped to their feet at once,\" Scopes recalled. At least one of the local prosecutors formally objected. Stewart seethed with anger. But Bryan vainly welcomed the opportunity to face his adversaries. \"They did not come here to try the case,\" Bryan explained early in his testimony. \"They came here to try revealed religion and I am here to defend it. They can ask me any questions they please.\" Darrow did just that. Here are the two of them together at the court. Darrow posed the well-worn question to the village skeptic. \"Did Jonah live inside the whale for three days? Now how could Joshua lengthen the day by making the sun rather than the Earth stand still? And where did Cain get his wife?\" In a narrow sense as Stewart persistently complained, and he objected over 20 times during the testimony, Darrow's questions had nothing to do with the case because they never once inquired about human evolution. In the broad sense, as Hays repeatedly countered in defense of Darrow, they had everything to do with it because they challenged biblical literalism. Best of all for Darrow, no good answers existed to them. And every defense lawyer knows, you never ask a question in a hostile witness testimony where the answer could possibly be anything but helpful to you. And for this he knew that there were no good answers. They compelled Bryan, and I'm quoting right from Darrow's autobiography, they compelled Bryan, \"To choose between his crude beliefs and the common intelligence of modern times, or to admit ignorance.\" That was Darrow's plan. Bryan tried all three approaches at different times during that afternoon without appreciable success. Darrow questioned Bryan as a hostile witness, peppering him with queries and giving him a little chance to explain. It became like a firing line at times. An example, \"You claim that everything in the Bible should be literally interpreted.\" \"I believe everything in the Bible should be accepted and given there. Some of the Bible is given illustratively, but.\" Darrow interrupts, \"But when you read the whale swallowed Jonah, how do you literally interpret that?\" Bryan, \"I believe in a God who can make a whale, and can make a man, and can make both of them do what he pleases.\" Interruption, \"But do you believe that he made them? That he made such a fish that was big enough to swallow Jonah.\" Pause, \"Yes, sir, let me add one miracle is just as easy to believe as another.\" Darrow says back, \"It is for me just as hard.\" Bryan, \"It is hard to believe for you, but easy for me. When you get beyond what man can do you get within the realm of miracles and it's just as easy to believe the miracle of Jonah as any other miracle in the Bible.\" Such affirmations undercut the appeal of fundamentalism. On the stump Bryan effectively championed the cause of biblical faith by addressing the great questions of life. The special creation of humans in God's image gave purpose to every person and the bodily resurrection of Christ gave hope for eternal life. But Darrow did not inquire about these grand miracles. For many Americans, laudable simple faith became laughable crude belief when applied to Jonah's whale, Noah's Ark, and Adam's rib. Yet Bryan acknowledged accepting each of these miracles on faith and professed that all miracles were equally easy to believe. The media loved it. Forget Scopes and his inevitable conviction by a jury that had heard but two hours of testimony during the week-long trial. The story became Bryan's humiliation. Fundamentalism lost what claim it had to cultural respectability in Dayton and retreated into a subculture where it steadily gained adherence, attracted more by its moral values and community spirit than by its scientific claims and intellectual rigor. In that subculture, Bryan was hailed as a faithful standard bearer victimized by the devilish Darrow and the secularized media. \"Inherit the Wind\" perpetuated the media take on the encounter of course, and even further stereotyped it. In doing so, it transforms Bryan into a mindless reactionary creature of the mob. He assails evolution solely on narrow biblical grounds, never suggesting the broad social concerns that largely motivated him and denounces all science as godless rather than just Darwinism. Even though Bryan actually opposed including criminal provision in the anti-evolution law, \"Inherit the Wind\" ends with his character ranting against the small size of the fine imposed by the judge and then fatally collapses in the courtroom when the now hostile crowd ignores his closing speech. The playwrights thus reduce the trial into a three-act morality play in which tolerance happily triumphs over bigotry. To ensure that viewers appreciate this point, the writers have Scopes ask Darrow, after the jury convicts him, \"Did I win, or did I lose?\" Darrow answers, in the play and movie, \"You won. Millions of people will say you won. They'll read in their papers tonight that you smashed a bad law, that you made it a joke.\" It's fine theater, but it hobbles efforts to understand the trial's complex historical legacy. Although partisans on both sides claim the advantage, at the time most neutral observers viewed the trial as a draw. And none, not one, not one of the editorials in all of the country's newspapers, and every newspaper editorialized on this subject, not one of them said that the trial was a decisive event. America's adversarial legal system tends to drive parties apart rather than to reconcile them. That certainly resulted in this case. Despite Bryan stumbling on the witness stand, which his supporters attributed to his notorious interrogator's wiles, both sides effectively communicated their message from Dayton. Oh, maybe not well enough to win converts, but at least sufficiently to energize those already predisposed to their viewpoint. If, as \"Inherit the Wind\" declares, millions of people thereafter dismissed anti-evolutionism as a joke, why millions more saw it as a cause. When Bryan died a week later in Dayton, they acquired a martyr to this cause. Huge crowds turned out to watch as a special train carried Bryan's body to Washington for a state funeral in Arlington National Cemetery. Three months after the trial, the famed journalist H.L. Mencken, shown here at the Scopes trial, could only sneer about the man he so despised. \"His place in Tennessee sainthood is secure. If the village barber saved any of his hair, why then it's curing gallstones down there today.\" Yet followers also lionized Darrow following the trial and granted him a higher place in the Valhalla of secular humanism due to his deeds at Dayton. Consequently, the pace of anti-evolutionism activism actually quickened following the trial, but it encountered heightened, popular resistance. Two other states, Mississippi and Arkansas, soon enacted anti-evolution statutes modeled after the Tennessee law. An anticipated victory in Minnesota, in that legislature, turned into demoralizing defeat however. When one Rhode Island legislator introduced such a proposal in 1927, that is an anti-evolution proposal, modeled on the Tennessee law, his bemused colleagues referred it to the Committee on Fish and Game, where it died without a vote or a hearing. After Scopes's conviction was reversed by the Tennessee Supreme Court, on a technicality in sentencing, courts did not have a second chance to review these anti-evolution statutes for 40 years, when the United States Supreme Court finally struck them down in Epperson versus Arkansas as an unconstitutional intrusion of religion into the public school classroom. That of course did not settle the underlying issue however. Indeed, the divided and divisive response to it continues with some school officials imposing restrictions on teaching evolution while others ridicule them. This remained the context when the controversy regained the headlines last year with the Kansas School Board vote to delete evolution from its science standards. Again in Kansas, as it was in Dayton, the actual event was more complex than it appeared at trial.\r\n\r\n- Might go back one, yeah.\r\n\r\n- The first step toward understanding Kansas is to disregard all that we know about the Scopes trial from \"Inherit the Wind.\" Clarence Darrow did not slay William Jennings Bryan, or if he did the great commoner, as Bryan was then known, has risen again in the body of Berkeley law professor Phillip Johnson. The Kansas episode reflects a convergence of Johnson's new anti-evolution crusade and old-style biblical creationism. Let me explain. In his day, Bryan never called for the inclusion of creationism in the science classroom because no scientific alternative to evolution then existed. Even he believed that the biblical days of creation symbolized vast ages of geologic time and said as much on the witness stand in Dayton. That doesn't appear in \"Inherit the Wind.\" In \"Inherit the Wind\" he's presented as saying the world was created in 4,004 BC at 9:00 in the morning. On the stand he said, \"Each day symbolized ages of time.\" But with the publication of \"The Genesis Flood,\" the book named \"The Genesis Flood\" in 1961, 1961, Virginia Tech engineering professor Henry Morris gave believers scientific-sounding arguments supporting the biblical account of a six-day creation within the past 10,000 years. This book spawned a movement within American fundamentalism with Morris as its Moses, leading the faithful into the Promised Land where science proved religion. This so-called creation science, as Morris called it, spread within the church through the missionary work of Morris's San Diego-based Institute for Creation Research. The emergence of the religious right carried it into politics during the 1970s. Within two decades after publication of \"The Genesis Flood,\" three states and dozens of local school districts across the country had mandated balanced treatment or equal time for young earth creationism, along with the evolution, in public school science courses. It took another decade before the United States Supreme Court unraveled those mandates as unconstitutional in Edwards versus Aguillard. Creation science was nothing but religion dressed up as science the high court decreed and therefore was barred by the Establishment Clause from public school classrooms, along with other forms of religious instruction. By this time however, Young Earthers, as they often affectionately call themselves, Young Earthers were entrenched in local and state politics from California to Maine and deeply concerned about science education. Then along comes Phillip Johnson, a chaired professor at the University of California's law school and former clerk to Chief Justice Earl Warren. He is no Young Earth creationist, but he is an evangelical Christian with an uncompromising faith in God. Reading Richard Dawkins \"The Blind Watchmaker\" in 1987 enraged him. Dawkins uses Darwinian evolution to deny God and dismiss the supernatural. But Johnson saw the argument as circular. \"I could see that Dawkins achieved his word magic with the very tools that are familiar to us as lawyers,\" Johnson explained. \"If you take as a starting point that there's no creator, well then something more or less like Darwinism has to be true.\" Johnson launched his own crusade, not for biblical creationism, but against philosophical naturalism in science. In a series of popular books, beginning with \"Darwin on Trial\" in 1991, Johnson argues that science should not automatically exclude supernatural explanations for natural phenomenon. It is an easy sell in a country where opinion polls find less than 10% of the people believing that life evolved by purely natural processes without any divine intervention along the way. Of course, God could have created humans, most Americans readily concede, or at least the first slime mold that evolved into humanity. Johnson's books have sold over 1/3 of a million copies. And it is no wonder that his kind of argument showed up among conservative Christians who voiced their opinions during the science standards hearing in Kansas. Another authority often cited was Lehigh University biochemistry professor Michael Behe, a devout Catholic who recently wrote his own best-selling book, \"Challenging Darwinistic Explanations for Complex Lifeforms.\" If Johnson is the modern movement's Bryan, why then Behe is its Agassiz, reviving the arguments for design based on evidence of nature's irreducible complexity Behe and Johnson do not argue for the young Earth of creation science, but they do propound that intelligent design rather than random chance is apparent in nature. This they argue divorced from biblical creationism should be a fit subject for public school education. With this argument, they have expanded the tent of people willing to challenge the alleged Darwinist hegemony in the science classroom, beyond those persuaded by Morris's arguments for young Earth and thus emboldened the popular uprising in Kansas. Still it needed a precipitant, which came from a source that never intended such a result. Goals 2000, the federal mandate for state education standards, which fit neatly into a general trend evident in Kansas and elsewhere for states to displace localities in school budget and curriculum matters. The centralizing effect provoked a grassroots, conservative reaction in many states and in Kansas that grassroots effort to defend local control over public education began impacting decisions of the elected state school board, and Kansas is almost unique in having an elected state school board, especially after 1996, when four movement conservatives won seats in the 10-member board creating a 5-5 ideological split. Not all of these conservatives came from the religious right. Some were decidedly secular, Ayn Rand conservatives as it were, but all endorsed local control. Now this is not a partisan division in solidly GOP Kansas. The inter-party warfare, pitting Bob Dole-type, Main Street Republicans against the party's right-wing activists. No one has been more critical of the board than the state's stalwart GOP Governor Bill Graves, who has advocated abolishing the elected board ever since the right-wing resurgence. Like other states, when it came to drafting its goal for science education, Kansas began with model standards drafted by the National Academy of Sciences. These standards cover physical life and Earth sciences, and it's the later two areas that the concept of evolution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115255#t=0.0,2814.216"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV204718_From_Dayton_to_Kansas_b.mp3"]},"duration":1724.712,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/115/256/small/lecture.png?1622064201","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/115/256/original/AV204718_From_Dayton_to_Kansas_b.mp3?1622064201","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1724.712,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204718_From_Dayton_to_Kansas_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e New Word altogether, but keeping the concept.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=5.33,8.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it still talks about evolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=8.89,10.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it calls it development or something else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=10.67,13.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kansas might've ended up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=13.51,15.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"merely in this group of five","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=15.77,18.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it had not been for having an elected board of education","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=18.34,22.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"half composed of movement conservatives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=22.37,24.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they received the guidelines adapted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=24.94,27.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the National Academy of Science Standards,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=27.44,30.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a drafting committee,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=30.02,31.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"composed of state science educators","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=31.76,34.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Kansas State University, the education school","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=34.54,37.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"normal school in Kansas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=37.41,38.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The issue exploded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=38.94,41.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The religious conservatives had never seen anything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=41.01,43.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like those guidelines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=43.65,45.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had been living in their fundamentalist subculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=45.56,48.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hearing lectures by missionary sent out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=48.05,50.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by Morris's Creation Research Institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=50.1,52.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and reading books by Johnson and Bihi.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=52.61,55.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surely this evolution stuff was not true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=55.23,58.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Further, all of the movement conservatives on the 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home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=575.8,578.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's no Iowa state basketball game tonight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=579.18,581.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the tournament's over 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the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=731.777,732.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"former College of Engineering Dean Boiler","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=732.82,735.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a five 10,000 year creationist ensures guys","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=736.49,739.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been here for some 20 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=739.48,743.239"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you have any 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ICR.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=746.78,750.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm not sure when he started that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=750.42,753.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e I wouldn't be surprised if he wasn't a 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himself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=769.962,771.527"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e No, he wrote it with John Whitcomb,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=771.527,774.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was a theologian,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=775.41,777.662"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Morris was the engineer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=777.662,780.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Morris had gone to RICE","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=780.17,781.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and really had the inspiration for it while he was at RICE.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=781.92,784.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But he was department chair you're right at Virginia 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you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=788.59,791.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so they might well have known each other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=791.54,793.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from those days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=793.41,794.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Student 1:\u003c/strong\u003e You're probably familiar with the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=794.88,796.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bully statement you have to sign in order to participate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=796.14,799.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the ICR.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=799.65,801.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=801.5,802.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure you are more than I am.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=802.62,804.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Student:\u003c/strong\u003e I was just going to ask you what you 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that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=808.27,809.935"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and professing to have the freedom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=809.935,812.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to operate as a faculty member","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=812.597,815.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and administrator at a secular university.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=815.5,819.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Especially when you're responsible for science programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=819.17,823.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e The truth is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=823.7,824.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know exactly what the police statement 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the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=838.01,839.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of them would be in the inside cover","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=839.92,842.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the journal called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=842.66,844.537"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The Creation Research Society Quarterly.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=844.537,846.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now it's there and very explicit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=846.85,850.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, anybody that's taught at the Institute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=850.41,852.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Creation Research also had a sign 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directors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=862.06,863.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Creation Research Society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=863.9,865.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think Iowa state university has as 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it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=889.25,892.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know it was a big issue on this campus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=892.29,894.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hence the book that David worked on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=894.92,897.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a big issue of this campus from that day","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=897.283,899.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the seventies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=899.03,899.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Student:\u003c/strong\u003e Early eighties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=899.863,901.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e Early eight...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=901.1,901.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same time the laws were passed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=901.933,903.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Louisiana, in Tennessee, in Arkansas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=905.313,909.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tennessee was a little earlier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=909.54,911.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then we're seeing Wisconsin had a mandate of equal 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too,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=925.109,927.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I remember the big disputes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=927.55,929.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember reading about them because of the book.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=929.21,931.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the only reason I know about them 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laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=940.796,941.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its a little embarrassing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=941.65,942.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to stay the inspiration was the OJ Simpson trial.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=942.54,946.399"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=946.399,947.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if it's indirectly true,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=947.44,950.334"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of my, during the OJ Simpson trial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=950.334,953.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was actually just beginning another 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research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=958.06,960.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the Galapagos islands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=960.17,961.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'd just beginning that 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historian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=969.21,970.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Came up to me in the halls at Georgia and said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=970.52,972.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peter Hopper was his name","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=972.98,974.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and told me and said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=974.04,975.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I had an 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\"Why?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=979.05,980.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=980.88,981.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Well, all this stuff is really hot now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=981.713,984.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"look at this Simpson trial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=984.68,986.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is just dominating all the attention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=986.24,987.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I never figured out what you're all about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=987.9,991.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, why you have a law degree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=991.43,993.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and do legal history and do science history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=993.35,995.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's no connection between the two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=995.603,997.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I finally figured out there is a connection,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=997.75,999.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Scopes Trial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=999.56,1000.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's the one intersect between your two universities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1000.393,1002.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You should write that book.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1002.98,1004.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I had known because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1004.61,1006.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my dissertation for my PhD","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1008.49,1012.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was on how courts use scientific arguments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1012.34,1015.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I had done a very small amount of 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strategies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1062.07,1063.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the actual reality if you're a lawyer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1063.6,1066.622"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as lawyers would know is sort of a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1066.622,1068.918"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like a broken mirror,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1068.918,1071.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a sort of an image of what you were planning to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1071.41,1074.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you can understand better what actually happens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1074.36,1076.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at trial if you know what's coming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1076.55,1078.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I knew that was all available.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1078.1,1079.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And really once the theater suggested that it just struck 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again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1084.61,1086.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I knew it kept mentioning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1086.51,1088.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they kept calling the Simpson's trial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1088.33,1089.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the trial of the century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1089.95,1090.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we all know that was gonna come and go real fast.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1090.783,1093.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the Scopes Trial just stays and stays and stays.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1093.77,1096.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so that seemed to be a great,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1096.45,1099.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great topic for me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1099.25,1100.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so I unfortunately been left free from me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1100.36,1104.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that was my inspiration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1104.42,1105.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe something moderately good came","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1106.7,1109.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of the Simpson trial I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1109.21,1111.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Any other questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1111.57,1112.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1112.403,1113.236"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1113.236,1116.634"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, no, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1117.78,1120.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's funny thing about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1120.59,1121.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's a good... It's a very good question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1121.71,1124.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's an interesting thing about all these sort of battles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1124.35,1127.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is because really when you actually go around","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1127.27,1130.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there've been studies they're never very complete","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1133.4,1135.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a lot of them are anecdotal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1137.54,1140.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the best evidence suggests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1140.21,1142.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that probably there are an awful lot of schools","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1142.23,1145.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in America where evolution is not taught.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1145.42,1148.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where the subject is just avoided.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1148.09,1151.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean it's not that they teach Creation Science,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1151.38,1153.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they just avoid the whole topic of origin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1153.84,1156.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's plenty of you can tell it biology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1156.62,1158.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dissecting frogs and learning about genetics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1158.36,1160.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medallion genetic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1160.76,1161.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So a lot of the things you can learn in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1161.593,1164.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"biology classroom that'll fill the whole time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1164.47,1166.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Given the times they devote to biology anyway","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1166.79,1168.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which isn't enough in public school","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1168.87,1171.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without talking about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1171.61,1172.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the best studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1172.62,1174.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are the best evidence that I know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1174.19,1176.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is just a lot of places where evolution isn't taught,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1176.31,1178.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where it's controversial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1178.11,1179.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and really that's all that standards in the end do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1179.08,1182.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They authorize, they don't mandate the teaching.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1182.28,1186.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't mandate testing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1186.01,1187.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People say, people teach to the test in K through 12","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1187.12,1190.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you make the whole theory behind goes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1190.47,1192.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"2000 years that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1192.36,1193.855"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you have a standardized test,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1193.855,1196.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will then test your students' content","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1196.09,1198.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as opposed to an SAT which is just an IQ or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1198.04,1200.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intelligence tests or a logic test or whatever it is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1200.57,1202.532"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has some sort of reasoning ability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1202.532,1204.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not gonna try to defend what it does","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1204.97,1206.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it doesn't test knowledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1206.44,1208.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The idea is do you have a knowledge-based test?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1208.3,1210.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Iowa test I'm sure is much better","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1210.48,1211.748"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than that Princeton things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1211.748,1213.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the content based tests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1214.82,1217.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well then the teachers will teach that knowledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1217.48,1220.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if you put evolution in that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1220.99,1223.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they might be more evolution taught","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1223.22,1225.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but your question was reverse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1225.21,1226.984"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Has it led to less teaching of evolution?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1226.984,1229.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And everything I had been able to hear from Kansas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1229.34,1231.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I do hear a lot in my email from Kansas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1231.62,1233.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is no, it's probably not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1233.87,1235.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the school districts that weren't teaching it before,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1235.16,1237.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's still not teaching it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1237.23,1239.062"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's still schools that were doing it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1239.062,1240.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were teaching evolution before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1240.64,1242.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are now more militantly and proudly doing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1242.02,1244.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has really divided the state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1244.66,1247.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think these board members will be re-elected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1247.03,1249.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One has already left the state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1249.19,1250.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One did intentionally just moved to Montana.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1250.82,1253.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So one of them is not even there to run it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1253.11,1254.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1254.54,1256.248"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And four of them are up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1256.248,1259.448"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and only one there's five up each two years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1259.448,1261.255"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And only one of the moderates is up at three and four","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1261.255,1264.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the and I think they're clearly on the defensive there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1264.98,1269.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I don't think it's actually changed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1269.81,1272.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what has done in Kansas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1272.01,1273.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And actually they tied up the whole thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1273.05,1275.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And actually they've never officially issued","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1275.08,1279.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the guide lines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1279.49,1280.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They tied them up in some procedural votes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1280.83,1285.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it prevented the actual issuance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1285.81,1287.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's probably had very little effect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1287.68,1289.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as the board member who voted with it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1289.98,1292.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to just to get it done with said you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1292.7,1294.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"This doesn't stop anybody from teaching evolution.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1294.977,1296.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's a long answer to your question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1296.95,1298.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that'd be my guess","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1298.41,1299.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I've sort of gone beyond Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1299.36,1301.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that's I mean beyond Kansas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1301.15,1302.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think that's true everywhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1302.7,1303.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there are just a lot of places where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1303.533,1305.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"evolution isn't taught or isn't very thoroughly taught.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1305.16,1307.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1308.91,1309.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Student 2:\u003c/strong\u003e My understanding is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1309.813,1312.712"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct chatter)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1312.712,1315.795"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e That's certainly generally true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1336.58,1339.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've made a study of all the textbooks that were published","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1339.09,1342.962"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both before and after the Scopes Trial.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1342.962,1345.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there certainly there still were high school textbooks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1345.91,1349.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that included evolution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1349.53,1350.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct chatter)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1351.972,1353.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And New York city and whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1353.34,1355.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were Boston Latin probably used it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1356.63,1358.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Probably was in Latin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1358.94,1359.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They learned the scientific names","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1359.81,1361.508"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the trees rather than the common names.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1361.508,1365.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the big ones,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1365.87,1368.599"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the major ones, you're absolutely right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1368.599,1371.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can take those books","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1371.92,1373.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can run this series through.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1374.64,1376.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can pull 'em off the shelf in the library of Congress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1376.62,1378.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they have every edition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1378.7,1380.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can pull out 1918, 1920.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1380.06,1382.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They come out every two or three years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1382.61,1383.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1923, 1926 and you can see the effect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1383.81,1388.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Brian's crusade in the treatment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1389.18,1391.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1391.88,1392.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's one where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1393.927,1395.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the one that was an issue in this book, and in this case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1395.47,1398.058"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The most the number one selling biology textbook","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1398.058,1400.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the country was \"Hunter Civic Biology.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1400.61,1402.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the one at this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1402.96,1404.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you look at the 21 edition in Brian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1404.187,1406.979"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was pictures on the frontos piece.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1406.979,1410.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean that's his pictures on the frontos piece","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1410.77,1412.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their comments like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1412.76,1414.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the man who gave us the theory on which we base all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1414.6,1417.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of our future development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1417.18,1418.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Things like that about Darryl.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1418.81,1421.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean about Charles Darwin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1421.38,1425.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And features of evolutionary tree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1425.73,1428.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the human tree.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1428.91,1430.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was a very eugenic textbook.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1430.27,1432.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So even had, it was pushed eugenics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1432.22,1434.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who you should marry and who you shouldn't marry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1434.56,1436.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was all evolutionary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1436.01,1437.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it had the tree.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1437.09,1438.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean it was amazing to think public school tech","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1438.41,1440.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you had the tree with the monkey on it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1440.92,1442.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then they had the different races of humans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1442.28,1444.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Aborigines were at the bottom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1444.41,1446.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there was, and then it says","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1446.16,1448.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"And then highest of all the Caucasian,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1448.347,1450.868"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1450.868,1451.701"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's got the whole thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1451.701,1452.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they just literally just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1452.71,1454.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's what Brian objected to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1454.09,1455.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what he held up at the 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one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1489.25,1491.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's just, and you can see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1491.14,1493.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first Hunter would take the word evolution out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1493.31,1496.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and replaced it by development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1496.28,1497.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then piece by 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fifties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1509.592,1511.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when evolution goes back in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1511.07,1512.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then Truman moved to compete with BSCS","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1512.58,1514.711"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"puts evolution in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1514.711,1516.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they are a barometer of this public 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on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1526.41,1528.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, a very famous scientist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1528.2,1530.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd asked about this who taught in Tennessee,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1530.257,1534.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the university of Tennessee in the 1950s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1534.39,1537.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while the law was still enforced a fellow named EO Wilson","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1537.62,1541.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was now at Harvard,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1541.15,1543.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said nobody ever raised any questions of 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ab","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1561.807,1566.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"originally at the top and the white guy at the bottom...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1566.01,1568.417"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e Brian","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1568.417,1570.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Student 3:\u003c/strong\u003e Why did Brian Suggested this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1570.02,1571.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e Brian when he was dealing with the 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himself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1602.32,1604.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but he's emphasizing different points.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1604.7,1606.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when 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society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1610.16,1612.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then he is a respected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1612.62,1614.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fundamentalism goes into a subculture after the Scopes Trial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1614.053,1617.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wasn't in a subculture before he was trying to engage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1617.86,1620.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so he would write in the New York 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taught,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1624.39,1626.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he would argue with people like HL Mike.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1626.503,1628.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he was of course it wouldn't work 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it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1640.34,1642.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He did the monkeys and men","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1642.08,1643.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when he was talking to a common 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senators,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1646.647,1647.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Remember when he was buried","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1647.96,1649.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every pallbearer who carried his casket was a US 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signed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1654.507,1657.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up for his campaign.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1657.0,1658.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Signed onto the anti-evolution pledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1658.45,1660.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Mayor of New York when he was talking to those people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1660.1,1662.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Samuel Altmire, the founder of the American Jewish Congress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1664.08,1666.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a supporter of his crusade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1666.66,1668.495"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Broha the Senator from Idaho.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1668.495,1673.495"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for these people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1674.69,1675.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is what he was showing him because you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1675.89,1677.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were represented a lot of Eastern Europeans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1677.94,1680.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were put lower like the New York Mayor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1680.32,1682.294"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So he knew how to use his evidence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1682.294,1684.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he liked and he used certain aspects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1684.9,1687.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Hunter Civic Biology with some audiences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1687.23,1689.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certain with the other,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1689.3,1690.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he used the military as an aspect to try to convert,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1690.4,1692.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, David Starr Jordan which was a hopeless battle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1692.57,1695.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And David Starr Jordan signed on on the other side","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1695.18,1697.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but he would talk with these people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1697.37,1698.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, you know you can see the different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1698.89,1700.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he would do what was effective with a different audience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1700.85,1703.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think he believed them all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1703.05,1704.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you know he's a good politician.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1704.33,1706.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think he's a liar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=1706.133,1707.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's just like politicians 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26748/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/026/748/original/AV204718_From_Dayton_to_Kansas_b.vtt?1622064203","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/026/748/original/AV204718_From_Dayton_to_Kansas_b.vtt?1622064203"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26749","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204718_From_Dayton_to_Kansas_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256/transcript/26749/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Instructor] New Word altogether, but keeping the concept. So it still talks about evolution it calls it development or something else. Kansas might've ended up merely in this group of five if it had not been for having an elected board of education half composed of movement conservatives. When they received the guidelines adapted from the National Academy of Science Standards, by a drafting committee, composed of state science educators from Kansas State University, the education school normal school in Kansas. The issue exploded. The religious conservatives had never seen anything like those guidelines. They had been living in their fundamentalist subculture hearing lectures by missionary sent out by Morris's Creation Research Institutions and reading books by Johnson and Bihi. Surely this evolution stuff was not true. Further, all of the movement conservatives on the board saw the guidelines as a flagrant usurptation of local control on an issue of grave concern to many parents. Board member Steve Abrams, LA Baptist and Conservative Republican Activists led a threesome of religious conservatives on the 10 member board, that drafting committee leaders naively viewed as the only probable negative votes to the committee supposedly final draft. Then at a May 1999 board meeting, Abrams announced that an ad hoc subcommittee composed of himself and the other two religious conservatives had produced an alternative version that incorporated young earth creationism into the science standard sort of a balanced treatment type science standards. Talk about both young earth creationism and evolution. Now those sides had a proposal to advance and public hearings became both vocal showdowns between science educators and conservative parents. With the board split five, five the science committee offered a compromised draft. Which following a few other state models had simply deleted all references to the age of life on the earth and substituted patterns for change for the word evolution as a unifying concept in science. Responding to widespread ridicule of his creation proposal Abrams too went back to the drawing board and what he did was simply take the committee's new draft and delete all offending content out of it. Such as macro evolution and the big bang. His new version no longer affirmatively promotes young earth creationism in any way. And thus reaches beyond appealing to the literalistic wing of American fundamentalism. And now became broad enough to attract support from a wider array of conservative Christians concerned about issues of evolutionary naturalism raised by Johnson and Bihi. Trying to marginalize the religious opposition drafting committee leaders argue that most religions actually accept evolution. And then they made their mistake. They quoted the Pope. Well this ploy backfired when it drew the Catholic Kansas Catholic Conference out of the closet. Taking a leaf from Bihi's book, State Catholic education officer Mary Kay Cult said, a major concern here is teaching evolution is fact protected from any valid scientific criticism borrowing from Johnson, she added that the National Academy standard seemed to put science as a way of knowing above religion. The Catholic church in Kansas came out for the Steve Abrams proposal. Tension rose to a fever pitch is the matter move toward a final vote by the state board of education in early August. Local state and national science educators lobby board members, especially wavering moderates. Local religious conservatives hounded their board members. The final six four conservative victory came as no surprise in the end. However, One week before the vote, a swing moderate, a devout Mennonite who had not voted with the conservatives on polarized issues before but now wanted to bring a peaceful resolution to this contentious issue, announced his decision to vote with the anti-evolutionists. Abram's revised standards did not preclude any school from teaching evolution. He stressed. It's simply left this controversial issue up to each local district. He, that is the swing Mennonite voter. He hoped that all would teach evolution but lacked the votes to make that state policy. Apparently in Kansas, excluding evolution is a political compromise between teaching either viewpoint. Which was precisely Brian's position seventy-five years ago. Facing certain defeat, proponents of teaching evolution called on the national media to focus public attention on the upcoming vote and make an object lesson of Kansas as much as happened to Tennessee during the Scopes Trial. Even if adverse publicity could not sway any votes it would set the stage for the 2000 election. When four of the movement conservatives would stand for reelection to the board and might discourage other States from following Kansas' example. Articles in the New York times and the National News Services peaked public interest. An NPR weekend edition segment on the pending showdown featured a string of moderate state Republican episode holders, including Governor Graves denouncing the anti-evolution effort. But more telling was the interview of a local student. \"No one was there. No one was there. That's actually alive today who actually witnessed creation or evolution.\" He commented for NPR. \"It's just what a person believes. I mean, we have no right to say what exactly is true.\" Now that's that based education with postmodernist twist. Prepped by the advanced publicity, the final vote on August 10th generated headline news stories across the country. Media commentators and scientists totally denounced the Kansas sport action. The Kansas skirmish marks the latest episode in a long struggle by religious fundamentalism and their allies to restrict or eliminate the teaching of evolution in public education. The current president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Stephen Jay Gould stated. The major argument Mrs Gould, the major argument advanced by the school board that large-scale evolution must be dubious because the process has not been directly observed smacks of absurdity and only reveals ignorance about the nature of science. According to Gould and the National Academy of Sciences, Creation Science is bad science and intelligent design is not science at all. Johnson and Bihi tried to sound conciliatory. In context, Johnson wrote in the Wall Street Journal. \"The Kansas action was a protest against enshrining a particular worldview is a scientific fact and making evolution an exception to the usual American tradition that people have a right to disagree with the experts.\" Sounds exactly like William Jennings Bryan. Bihi added in the New York Times, \"Teach Darwin's Elegant theory but also discuss where it has real problems.\" Sounds a bit like Louis Agassi. Speaking into Pika only a week after the vote however, Johnson, Phil Johnson is saluted the bravery of the conservatives in the state board of education saying that the controversy has led and I quote \"To an unrestricted debate about the scientific and philosophical issues.\" On his own speaking tour to Kansas a month later, both of them went in right after the vote. Gould urged Kansans to oust the anti-evolutionists from the state board of education in the upcoming 2000 election. There was little else for mainstream Kansans to do. The guidelines do not either force any school teacher or school district to teach creation science, which would violate the Supreme court decision in Aguilar or bar them from teaching evolution which would violate the Epperson decision. Even lawyers for the state teachers have have been hard pressed to devise a legal strategy for challenging the new guidelines in court. They provide what Brian had envisioned seventy-five years ago. A statement of public policy against the teaching of evolution. It creates a political rather than a constitutional controversy. Both Johnson and Gould know how to play in that court. For all its fictionalized aspects. One line in inherit the wind is demonstrably true. Near the plays end, just after he console scopes that they had won a moral victory, despite the jury verdict, Darryl adds a note of cynical realism. \"You don't suppose this kind of thing is ever finished. Do you?\" When that line was spoken earlier this year at a revival of inherit the wind in Kansas city, It received a standing ovation. Now we'll have time for questions. I can just take them from here if there are some. I don't wanna hold people too long though. People have classes, not classes, but the studying to do. Questions? Or have I so tired you out you just wanna go home? There's no Iowa state basketball game tonight the tournament's over so... Any questions? You had a great team this year by the way. Did you know? Yes. Yes in fact, not only the ones that were there were outstanding. The ones that weren't there but helping were even more outstanding. Hayes was a renowned lawyer. Arthur Garfield Hayes. He's great. Remember his name because then you remember all those funny presidents back in the last half because he was named for the string of presidents. He was not related to them, but his father a very dyed in the wool Republican named him for a string of Republican presidents. They're not in the right order, but at least they help you remember the presidents between Lincoln and McKinley between the one. And Delafield Malone was internationally famous. He had been assistant secretary of state under William Jennings Bryan. Bainbridge Colby who was the secretary of state who followed William Jennings Bryan was also an attorney for the he'd been secretary of state at the end during the world war II, world war one. He was one of the lawyers helping out with the briefs was that young Harvard law school Professor named Felix Frankfurter, who worked quite a bit on the case. The attorneys for the NAACP helped out because they work closely with the ACLU on matters. But the appeal, if it was gonna be appeal the appeal was gonna be handled by Charles Evans Hughes who had been a Supreme Court Justice. He was gonna argue the case in Supreme court that got there. He had already been a Supreme Court Justice. He had resigned to run for President of the United States and then was then the President of the American bar association at the time of the Scopes Trial. And would soon be appointed back on the Supreme court as Chief Justice of the Supreme court. So, and then you can keep naming them. There's a whole variety of other Rosenthal. There's a whole variety of other lawyers. So it was quite a team and you can look at the old pictures or the newsreel footage. And there were times there was just a just a huge battery of, of New York lawyers. They were all New York lawyers except for Darryl. He was a Chicago lawyer who worked with Scopes. So it was quite a legal team. Yes.\r\n\r\n- [Student 1] Did you know that the former College of Engineering Dean Boiler was a five 10,000 year creationist ensures guys have been here for some 20 years. Do you have any idea he was very prominent on the board of technical advisors of the ICR. And I'm not sure when he started that.\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] I wouldn't be surprised if he wasn't a friend from deaning days of Henry Morris because Henry Morris had been Dean at Virginia when he wrote his Genesis Flood. He was Dean at Virginia Tech.\r\n\r\n- [Student 1] He was Department chair.\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] Department Chair, you're right Department chair, correct.\r\n\r\n- [Student 1] He also didn't write that book by himself.\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] No, he wrote it with John Whitcomb, who was a theologian, and Morris was the engineer and Morris had gone to RICE and really had the inspiration for it while he was at RICE. But he was department chair you're right at Virginia tech and Virginia tech has a very highly respected engineering department as do you. And so they might well have known each other from those days.\r\n\r\n- [Student 1] You're probably familiar with the bully statement you have to sign in order to participate in the ICR. And the...\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] I'm sure you are more than I am.\r\n\r\n- [Student] I was just going to ask you what you thought about the conflict between committing yourself with a signature to that and professing to have the freedom to operate as a faculty member and administrator at a secular university. Especially when you're responsible for science programs.\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] The truth is I don't know exactly what the police statement says. So I'm hard pressed to comment on it because I don't I really don't know what the police statement says. I probably should know but I'd never really studied the ICR institution. I studied Henry Morrison book.\r\n\r\n- [Student 1] Well, you can find it in the one of them would be in the inside cover of the journal called \"The Creation Research Society Quarterly.\" Now it's there and very explicit. However, anybody that's taught at the Institute for Creation Research also had a sign when in order to qualify. And I think all the voting members has a signature section. And Boiler had signed it because he was also on the board of directors of the Creation Research Society. So I think Iowa state university has as much of a black guy as anybody else. Although it's been successfully kept under the rug.\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] Well, you are more of an expert on that question than I am, because I did not. I suppose I'd seen their list of board members and my passive memory remembers because remembers the name, but that's about as much as I can comment on it. I know it was a big issue on this campus. Hence the book that David worked on. It's a big issue of this campus from that day in the seventies.\r\n\r\n- [Student] Early eighties.\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] Early eight... The same time the laws were passed in Louisiana, in Tennessee, in Arkansas, Tennessee was a little earlier. And then we're seeing Wisconsin had a mandate of equal time. As the city Columbus Ohio, Portland Oregon of all places. BC British Columbia had a law. So it was all over the place. And it was here in Iowa too, because I remember the big disputes. I remember reading about them because of the book. That's the only reason I know about them though. Yes.\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] Let's its a little embarrassing to stay the inspiration was the OJ Simpson trial. But if it's indirectly true, one of my, during the OJ Simpson trial I was actually just beginning another book that's gonna be coming out next this winter on the history of scientific research on the Galapagos islands. And I'd just beginning that book and doing a lot of research. And one of my colleagues who was a legal historian I was hired as historian of science, not as a legal historian. Came up to me in the halls at Georgia and said, Peter Hopper was his name and told me and said, \"I had an idea. You should write a book on the Scopes Trial.\" And I said, \"Why?\" And he said, \"Well, all this stuff is really hot now look at this Simpson trial is just dominating all the attention and I never figured out what you're all about. I mean, why you have a law degree and do legal history and do science history. There's no connection between the two. And I finally figured out there is a connection, the Scopes Trial it's the one intersect between your two universities. You should write that book.\" And I had known because my dissertation for my PhD was on how courts use scientific arguments. And I had done a very small amount of work on the Scopes Trial at that time a couple of pages in the dissertation. And I had known, of course I did a little research and I'd known that there was no academic book ever written about the Scopes Trial. Now Ray Ginger, a journalist had written a nice book very well written book in the fifties that was good for its day but he did not have access to any of the archival material. And I've looked at some of the archival material for my dissertation. And so I knew the archival material was now available. Including all the inside documents of trial strategy. And, you know, it helps you to understand what's actually happening. Not just to read the transcript but know what lawyers were trying to do, know their strategies, because the actual reality if you're a lawyer, as lawyers would know is sort of a like a broken mirror, a sort of an image of what you were planning to do. But you can understand better what actually happens at trial if you know what's coming. I knew that was all available. And really once the theater suggested that it just struck me since I knew there'd never been a book and I knew the trials were in again. And I knew it kept mentioning that they kept calling the Simpson's trial the trial of the century, but we all know that was gonna come and go real fast. And the Scopes Trial just stays and stays and stays. And so that seemed to be a great, great topic for me. And so I unfortunately been left free from me. So that was my inspiration. Maybe something moderately good came out of the Simpson trial I don't know. Any other questions? Yeah. Well, no, no. And that's funny thing about, that's a good... It's a very good question. It's an interesting thing about all these sort of battles is because really when you actually go around there've been studies they're never very complete and a lot of them are anecdotal. But the best evidence suggests that probably there are an awful lot of schools in America where evolution is not taught. Where the subject is just avoided. I mean it's not that they teach Creation Science, they just avoid the whole topic of origin. So there's plenty of you can tell it biology, dissecting frogs and learning about genetics, Medallion genetic. So a lot of the things you can learn in, biology classroom that'll fill the whole time. Given the times they devote to biology anyway which isn't enough in public school without talking about it. And the best studies that are the best evidence that I know is just a lot of places where evolution isn't taught, where it's controversial and really that's all that standards in the end do. They authorize, they don't mandate the teaching. They don't mandate testing. People say, people teach to the test in K through 12 you make the whole theory behind goes 2000 years that if you have a standardized test, that will then test your students' content as opposed to an SAT which is just an IQ or intelligence tests or a logic test or whatever it is has some sort of reasoning ability. I'm not gonna try to defend what it does but it doesn't test knowledge. The idea is do you have a knowledge-based test? The Iowa test I'm sure is much better than that Princeton things. But the content based tests. Well then the teachers will teach that knowledge. So if you put evolution in that they might be more evolution taught but your question was reverse. Has it led to less teaching of evolution? And everything I had been able to hear from Kansas and I do hear a lot in my email from Kansas is no, it's probably not like the school districts that weren't teaching it before, It's still not teaching it. And it's still schools that were doing it were teaching evolution before are now more militantly and proudly doing it. It has really divided the state. I don't think these board members will be re-elected. One has already left the state. One did intentionally just moved to Montana. So one of them is not even there to run it. And four of them are up and only one there's five up each two years. And only one of the moderates is up at three and four of the and I think they're clearly on the defensive there. So I don't think it's actually changed what has done in Kansas. And actually they tied up the whole thing. And actually they've never officially issued the guide lines. They tied them up in some procedural votes that it prevented the actual issuance. So it's probably had very little effect. And as the board member who voted with it to just to get it done with said you know \"This doesn't stop anybody from teaching evolution.\" So that's a long answer to your question but that'd be my guess because I've sort of gone beyond Iowa. I think that's I mean beyond Kansas but I think that's true everywhere. I think there are just a lot of places where evolution isn't taught or isn't very thoroughly taught. Yes.\r\n\r\n- [Student 2] My understanding is\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] That's certainly generally true. I've made a study of all the textbooks that were published both before and after the Scopes Trial. And there certainly there still were high school textbooks that included evolution. And New York city and whatever. There were Boston Latin probably used it. Probably was in Latin. They learned the scientific names to the trees rather than the common names. But the big ones, the major ones, you're absolutely right. You can take those books and you can run this series through. You can pull 'em off the shelf in the library of Congress where they have every edition and you can pull out 1918, 1920. They come out every two or three years, 1923, 1926 and you can see the effect of Brian's crusade in the treatment. I mean, there's one where the one that was an issue in this book, and in this case. The most the number one selling biology textbook in the country was \"Hunter Civic Biology.\" That's the one at this. And if you look at the 21 edition in Brian. There was pictures on the frontos piece. I mean that's his pictures on the frontos piece and their comments like the man who gave us the theory on which we base all of our future development. Things like that about Darryl. I mean about Charles Darwin. And features of evolutionary tree and the human tree. And it was a very eugenic textbook. So even had, it was pushed eugenics who you should marry and who you shouldn't marry. And it was all evolutionary. And it had the tree. I mean it was amazing to think public school tech you had the tree with the monkey on it. Then they had the different races of humans and the Aborigines were at the bottom and there was, and then it says \"And then highest of all the Caucasian,\" you know. And it's got the whole thing. And they just literally just and that's what Brian objected to. That's what he held up at the stand. He said, \"This is what they're teaching our people.\" And this evolutionary tree of humans. And he picked Brian when he got to control the questions or the statements. He knew just what to pick. Yeah that evolutionary tree that shows Australian Aborigines at the bottom and Europeans at the top. I mean that's affective for his side. So he picked those. He knew what to do. But you can see all that stuff just disappear in those textbooks. And a new textbook comes out that takes over Truman Moon's Biology takes over and becomes number one. And it's just, and you can see first Hunter would take the word evolution out and replaced it by development. And then piece by piece, each new edition there's less and less and less. And then Truman Moons doesn't have anything about evolutioning. And it does and then Truman moons is sort of funny because it hangs around until after the BSCS books come out in the fifties when evolution goes back in and then Truman moved to compete with BSCS puts evolution in. So they are a barometer of this public opinion but you're also right on the college. There's no impact in college. Brian thought was trying to get it out of colleges too and there's no impact on. And in fact, a very famous scientist, I'd asked about this who taught in Tennessee, at the university of Tennessee in the 1950s, while the law was still enforced a fellow named EO Wilson who was now at Harvard, said nobody ever raised any questions of course, and Wilson taught evolution. And there was no problem. And that was right in Tennessee. So it was just the compromise you're talking about.\r\n\r\n- [Student 3] One more. Well I was just going to ask, you certainly aren't suggesting that the followers of Brian would be pleased to have the ab originally at the top and the white guy at the bottom...\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] Brian\r\n\r\n- [Student 3] Why did Brian Suggested this?\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] Brian when he was dealing with the media when he knew that there was a New York Times, those were the things he cited in his article. Brian was a good politician. Of course he's a great politician. He wasn't just a good politician. And while he never lied, you know he would make the issue one way for one audience and another way for another audience. Like a good politician would. He doesn't really, you can't really catch him that he's saying, you know he's not contradicting himself but he's emphasizing different points. And when he's... and he's being listened to he's arguing trying to argue to the, to every level of society. And then he is a respected fundamentalism goes into a subculture after the Scopes Trial wasn't in a subculture before he was trying to engage. And so he would write in the New York Times, when he was arguing at Dayton he knew, I mean he was taught, he would argue with people like HL Mike. And he was of course it wouldn't work once with HL Mike because he was such a racist. But the point was he would make these sorts of points because he knew they were effective with the cultural leads. It depends on which argument, but no, he wouldn't have used he wouldn't have pushed that aspect of it. He did the monkeys and men when he was talking to a common audience and he was talking to the New York Times and he was talking to senators, Remember when he was buried every pallbearer who carried his casket was a US Senator. When he was talking to US Senators. And a lot of US Senators in there in New York signed up for his campaign. Signed onto the anti-evolution pledge. The Mayor of New York when he was talking to those people. Samuel Altmire, the founder of the American Jewish Congress was a supporter of his crusade. Broha the Senator from Idaho. And for these people, this is what he was showing him because you know they were represented a lot of Eastern Europeans that were put lower like the New York Mayor. So he knew how to use his evidence. And he liked and he used certain aspects of Hunter Civic Biology with some audiences and certain with the other, he used the military as an aspect to try to convert, you know, David Starr Jordan which was a hopeless battle. And David Starr Jordan signed on on the other side but he would talk with these people. And so, you know you can see the different he would do what was effective with a different audience. And I think he believed them all, but you know he's a good politician. I don't think he's a liar. He's just like politicians are, he has a lot of different arguments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42746/file/115256#t=0.0,1724.712"}]}]}]}