{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/dn3zs2m13t/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Mencke, Reed, Challenges of the '90s Trends in Democracy and Technology"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203917 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Challenges of the '90s Trends in Democracy and Technology is a March 23, 1990 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Reed Mencke. Reed Mencke discusses the need for sustainable development to take care of the world's growing population.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=10.52,12.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope you've enjoyed the workshops and seminars today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=12.2,15.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you've missed some seminars,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=15.54,16.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are some that are being repeated tomorrow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=16.91,19.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can look in the program to see which ones are 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myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=34.88,35.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My name is Dwayne Frank.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=35.84,37.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm an adult student here at Iowa 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commend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=157.21,160.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the students here at Iowa State","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=162.38,164.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the staff that plan the committee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=164.67,168.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've looked at your program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=168.05,169.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it looks like a stimulating conference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=169.35,173.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Your subjects are vital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=173.35,175.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I do know that the planning committee cares very much,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=175.69,179.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that what they planned will make your your next two days","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=179.79,184.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just a very rewarding and stimulating experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=185.64,189.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm just gonna say a couple of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=190.69,191.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And my real job is to get the main act on the stage 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one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=200.26,202.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the most important movements in higher education","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=202.73,206.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the last 20 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=206.17,207.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I firmly believe that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=207.94,210.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I wholeheartedly believe that wherever there's 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that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=219.61,223.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that student body and that campus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=223.67,225.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the quality of life on that campus changed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=225.6,228.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I believe changed for the better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=228.0,229.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dwayne's remarks when he was introducing me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=232.69,234.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the council and student affairs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=234.88,237.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he did serve on reminds me of a story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=237.01,239.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And some of you in the audience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=239.73,241.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know will remember this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=241.29,242.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came to Iowa State 13 years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=242.76,245.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the University of Minnesota, Duluth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=245.41,247.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of the first things I did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=247.97,249.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was formed an advisory group of student leaders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=249.24,253.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"faculty and staff who represented large constituency groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=253.31,257.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around the university.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=257.62,259.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About a week after I formed this group,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=259.62,262.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got an invitation to a lunch","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=262.11,265.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the adult students on campus organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=266.73,269.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wow. I, you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=269.94,270.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"administrators are all always after a free lunch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=270.99,274.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I went,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=274.31,275.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the first question they asked me is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=275.86,278.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why aren't we represented on your advisory committee?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=279.695,284.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kay, remembers that very well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=284.14,285.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I mean, they asked it politely, but pretty firmly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=286.85,289.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was the right question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=290.7,292.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And because it's easy to answer a question like that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=292.98,295.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just blew it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=295.55,297.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in five seconds they were on that advisory council","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=297.26,300.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the 13 years, and I'm not saying this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=300.69,304.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the students are here tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=304.21,306.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in the 13 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=306.983,308.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe one of the most active organizations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=308.64,311.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on this campus has been the adult students on campus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=311.7,316.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not only active on this advisory group, they're just active.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=316.03,319.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in many things, not only in the things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=319.46,321.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that relate directly to adult students,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=321.67,323.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think they've made the quality of life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=323.97,326.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on this campus better for all students, for being here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=326.18,329.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll tell one more story and I'll make it real quick.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=330.01,332.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I was at the University of Maine in the early '70s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=332.36,334.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was on the television program talking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=334.83,337.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about older students,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=337.35,339.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it was a panel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=340.08,341.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there was a freshmen with me from our college.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=341.68,345.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She happened to be 57 and a grandmother several times over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=345.01,348.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I never forget what she said on live TV","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=348.95,351.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking straight at the camera,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=351.87,354.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all across the state of Maine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=354.06,355.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She said, the MC said something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=355.93,358.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, you know, what's it like to return?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=358.69,361.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, in her case, she wasn't returning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=361.66,363.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was the first 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1971","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=370.35,375.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The 18 year old in 1971.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=376.607,379.657"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I had to find this out for myself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=379.657,381.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"but there's so much friendlier and much more sensitive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=381.407,383.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"than when the 18 year old was in my 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foreigners","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=391.64,394.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called 18 year old people weren't as bad as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=394.17,399.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or were not as dangerous as she thought they were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=399.23,402.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was vice versa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=402.64,404.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They thought she was the dangerous one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=404.43,406.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because she was raising the curves in the class,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=406.05,408.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because she knew why she wanted to be there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=408.83,411.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But let me just say that and stop","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=412.06,417.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with what I have to say by ending on this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=417.51,421.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we've changed some things at Iowa State.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=421.83,426.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're very proud of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=427.45,429.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 6,000 students that we start at the age 25 and up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=429.28,434.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then you're counted as an adult student,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=434.13,435.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we're very proud","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=435.91,436.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the 6,000 students that we have on our campus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=436.96,440.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They do change things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=440.57,442.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've got to change in the next couple of years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=442.43,444.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little more at Iowa State.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=444.66,446.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we're going to continue our growth of the older student","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=446.63,450.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and even in Central Iowa, they're gonna come up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=450.05,452.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they'll come to a place called Iowa State,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=452.37,454.417"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we're gonna have to change the way we deliver courses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=454.417,457.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can't continue to have all of our courses packed in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=457.52,460.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between 8:00 in the morning and 4:00 in the afternoon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=460.28,463.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really 10:00 and 2:00.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=463.22,464.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=466.111,467.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm jabbing those from Iowa State here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=467.38,469.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we've got to do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=469.38,471.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everyone cannot attend between 4:00 and 8:00","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=472.67,476.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Monday through Friday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=476.28,477.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we're a very good institution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=478.55,482.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we're a very traditional one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=482.88,484.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we've got to expand enough to make our student body,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=484.84,489.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the year 2000 look even different than it does now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=489.65,493.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, let me talk about the immediate 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night.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=499.79,500.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So let's get on for that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=500.623,502.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Manke has spent his professional life working","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=506.55,511.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in an educational setting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=511.25,512.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"helping individuals better understand themselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=512.5,516.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their lifelong educational and career plans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=516.49,520.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He received his Master's Degree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=520.95,522.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the University of Nebraska, Omaha,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=522.45,524.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his PhD from Iowa State University in counseling psychology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=524.4,529.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and left Iowa State University in about 1968.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=529.78,532.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you read what Horace Greeley said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=532.94,536.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Go west young man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=536.24,537.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he went west and he stayed 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areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=548.36,550.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I would call career planning and human development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=550.36,554.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, it's always a pleasure to 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Manky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=561.01,564.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who's gonna speak to you tonight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=564.46,565.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about career trends in the '90s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=565.54,569.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so let me turn it over to Dr. Reed Manky","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=569.4,572.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the University of Arizona, Reed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=572.42,574.534"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience claps)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=574.534,577.284"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e If I could get some help with the lights,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=583.67,586.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we will have some slides,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=586.29,589.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you could turn it on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=589.43,590.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've got somebody back there who's...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=590.96,592.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, okay, if you could just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=592.95,594.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flip the little switch to the lights on there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=594.43,597.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll be ready to go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=597.07,598.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mechanical things are our pleasure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=614.04,615.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and enjoy it at all times. Thanks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=615.77,617.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I guess I should say before I start,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=621.01,623.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the title of the talk really is 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'90s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=627.243,629.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a workshop setting tomorrow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=629.48,631.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight's really kind of a look into the future,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=631.76,634.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in a variety of ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=634.7,637.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have implications for careers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=637.62,639.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but not (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=639.52,640.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me see what is going on here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=653.483,656.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here we are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=656.52,657.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=657.95,658.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Throughout much of its early history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=659.78,661.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Humankind thought itself the 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live,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=674.61,676.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and fostered an egocentric view of human importance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=676.59,680.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then in the 15th century, the Copernican 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identity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=716.15,719.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of species homo sapiens,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=719.16,721.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"others have begun to 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more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=2831.76,2834.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Expect newspapers and magazines to be required by law","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=2834.66,2837.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to print on recycled and recyclable paper,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=2837.86,2842.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and expect countries such as India","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=2842.07,2844.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which own land on the upper reaches of a 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27958/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/958/original/AV203917_Challenges_of_the_90s_Treands_in_Democracy_and_Technology_a.vtt?1622564840","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/958/original/AV203917_Challenges_of_the_90s_Treands_in_Democracy_and_Technology_a.vtt?1622564840"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27959","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203917_Challenges_of_the_90s_Treands_in_Democracy_and_Technology_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075/transcript/27959/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Good evening and welcome. I hope you've enjoyed the workshops and seminars today. If you've missed some seminars, there are some that are being repeated tomorrow. You can look in the program to see which ones are repeated. Tonight we have two people joining us, Dr. Reed Manke Associate Director from the University of Arizona, and Vice President for Student Affairs Dr. Thomas Teelan here at Iowa State University. Let me introduce myself. My name is Dwayne Frank. I'm an adult student here at Iowa State. I've been here three and a half years. Ready to get out of here. During that time I've been involved in different activities, the Adult Student Organization on campus and the Vice President for Student Affairs Council, Vice President's Council for Student Affairs. As a member of that, I've had the opportunity to be able to discuss different ideas and topics that are relevant for students as well as adult students. Just as an example, trying to help get more evening classes, and weekend classes here at Iowa State to try and get more adult students to attend Iowa State. And as a part of that committee, Dr. Teelan oversees that along with other councils forums to help hear different issues and topics that involve the student body here at Iowa State. Dr. Teelan's background is involved with counseling different areas through students and so on. One of the honors he has received is the has been selected for a short-term Fulbright award to study higher education in West Germany. At this time, I'd like to introduce Dr. Thomas Teelan, Vice President student affairs at Iowa State University.\r\n\r\n- Thank you very much, Dwayne. It's a pleasure and an honor to be part of your conference activities this evening, I realized that earlier today that you had an official welcome from the president of the university. So all I'm gonna say is that we're just very pleased and honored to have so many of you from all around the Midwest. Join us, come on in you don't... You don't have to wait till I'm finished here. Cause we won't... But I guess I want to commend the students here at Iowa State and the staff that plan the committee. I've looked at your program, it looks like a stimulating conference. Your subjects are vital. And I do know that the planning committee cares very much, that what they planned will make your your next two days just a very rewarding and stimulating experience. I'm just gonna say a couple of things. And my real job is to get the main act on the stage here. But let me just say this, that I believe the phenomenon, of the older learner has been one of the most important movements in higher education during the last 20 years. And I firmly believe that. And I wholeheartedly believe that wherever there's been a critical mass of older students return, or are settled in a student body that that student body and that campus, the quality of life on that campus changed. And I believe changed for the better. Dwayne's remarks when he was introducing me about the council and student affairs, that he did serve on reminds me of a story. And some of you in the audience I know will remember this. I came to Iowa State 13 years ago, from the University of Minnesota, Duluth. And one of the first things I did was formed an advisory group of student leaders, faculty and staff who represented large constituency groups around the university. About a week after I formed this group, I got an invitation to a lunch from the adult students on campus organization. Wow. I, you know administrators are all always after a free lunch. So I went, and the first question they asked me is why aren't we represented on your advisory committee? Kay, remembers that very well. And I mean, they asked it politely, but pretty firmly. And it was the right question. And because it's easy to answer a question like that I just blew it. And in five seconds they were on that advisory council and in the 13 years, and I'm not saying this because the students are here tonight, but in the 13 years, I believe one of the most active organizations on this campus has been the adult students on campus. Not only active on this advisory group, they're just active. And in many things, not only in the things that relate directly to adult students, and I think they've made the quality of life on this campus better for all students, for being here. I'll tell one more story and I'll make it real quick. When I was at the University of Maine in the early '70s, I was on the television program talking about older students, and it was a panel. And there was a freshmen with me from our college. She happened to be 57 and a grandmother several times over. And I never forget what she said on live TV looking straight at the camera, all across the state of Maine. She said, the MC said something. Well, you know, what's it like to return? Well, in her case, she wasn't returning. It was the first time. She raised her family and several families. She says, you know, \"The 18 year old of 19,\" this was 1971 \"The 18 year old in 1971. \"I had to find this out for myself, \"but there's so much friendlier and much more sensitive \"than when the 18 year old was in my day.\" And I thought about that after a while, they really weren't. But she had to find out if those foreigners called 18 year old people weren't as bad as or were not as dangerous as she thought they were. And it was vice versa. They thought she was the dangerous one, because she was raising the curves in the class, because she knew why she wanted to be there. But let me just say that and stop with what I have to say by ending on this, that we've changed some things at Iowa State. We're very proud of the about 6,000 students that we start at the age 25 and up, and then you're counted as an adult student, but we're very proud of the 6,000 students that we have on our campus. They do change things. We've got to change in the next couple of years a little more at Iowa State. If we're going to continue our growth of the older student and even in Central Iowa, they're gonna come up, they'll come to a place called Iowa State, but we're gonna have to change the way we deliver courses. We can't continue to have all of our courses packed in between 8:00 in the morning and 4:00 in the afternoon, really 10:00 and 2:00. I'm jabbing those from Iowa State here, but we've got to do that. Everyone cannot attend between 4:00 and 8:00 on Monday through Friday. And we're a very good institution, but we're a very traditional one. And we've got to expand enough to make our student body, in the year 2000 look even different than it does now. Well, let me talk about the immediate moment. My real task here is to introduce the main speaker for the night. So let's get on for that. Dr. Manke has spent his professional life working in an educational setting, helping individuals better understand themselves, and their lifelong educational and career plans. He received his Master's Degree from the University of Nebraska, Omaha, his PhD from Iowa State University in counseling psychology, and left Iowa State University in about 1968. And you read what Horace Greeley said, Go west young man. And he went west and he stayed there. He's been at the University of Arizona for the last 22 years. And in that 22 years spent those years teaching, counseling, researching in the areas what I would call career planning and human development. You know, it's always a pleasure to invite an Iowa Stater back home. And it's doubly pleasure to invite Dr. Reed Manky. Who's gonna speak to you tonight about career trends in the '90s. And so let me turn it over to Dr. Reed Manky in the University of Arizona, Reed.\r\n\r\n- If I could get some help with the lights, and we will have some slides, and if you could turn it on, we've got somebody back there who's... Okay, okay, if you could just flip the little switch to the lights on there, we'll be ready to go. Mechanical things are our pleasure and enjoy it at all times. Thanks. And I guess I should say before I start, that the title of the talk really is challenges of the '90s. We're gonna deal with career aspects of the '90s in a workshop setting tomorrow. Tonight's really kind of a look into the future, and in a variety of ways that have implications for careers, but not . Let me see what is going on here. Here we are. It's evening. Throughout much of its early history. Humankind thought itself the center of a relatively small universe consisting of a sun and constellations that were gods who looked and behaved much like humans. This was a friendly place to live, and fostered an egocentric view of human importance. Then in the 15th century, the Copernican shock, that earth was not the center of the universe fell upon the human ego, like the blow of a hammer, man and ego and religion adjusted only to be a solid again in the 18th century by Darwin's assertion, that the human race did not constitute the purpose of divine creation, but was merely a by-product of an endless series of mutations of species. Now over a hundred years after Darwin's death, while some in the Western world still recall in terror from the new identity of species homo sapiens, others have begun to struggle with two implications of that identity. First that homo sapiens an experiment of nature could end if it doesn't work out well. And second, that homo sapiens is not the essential species on this planet. And indeed won't be able to reside here at all without the plant life, like the trees of the rain forest which provide the oxygen required for all animal life to live. And we're even learning that bacteria, which we used to call a germ and try to destroy with Listerine is in fact, the basic life form to which we owe our very existence, and might even be capable of starting it all over again. Should homo sapiens manage to destroy earth carefully built ecological system. Where you think all this would be quite enough to ask a topple Lord of the universe to adjust to but the ego tremors are far from over still reeling homo sapiens has been subjected over the course of the present century to a further series of assaults from the findings of modern astronomers. Whose map of the universe, places our tiny planet in a solar system, one among billions of other solar systems in a far off rather insignificant arm of the Milky way galaxy. And the Milky way in turn is only one of the billions of other galaxies, all traveling outward at incredible speeds toward a void so vast that only a few rare human minds can grasp its scope. Last spring, one of those minds an astronomy graduate student at the University of Arizona, looked out through his telescope and saw to the very frontiers of our expanding universe. As he did so, he was observing light waves that had traveled through space from the far edge of the expanding universe, bringing news of events that had occurred 20 billion years ago during the big bang. An event we humans used to think of as the beginning of the universe, but it's Stephen Hawking, who is another one of those rare minds relates in his fascinating book, a brief history of time. Galactic time probably had no beginning. The big bang was only one event in a boundaryless time loop universe where expansions and contractions and big bangs have occurred, and will continue to occur in an infinite series that make the idea of a beginning or ending utterly meaningless. Such a universe does and should produce, in we humans a deep sense of humility. Egocentrism must yield to a new species, that I hope will be called humbled sapiens. A species who realizes the true nature of its condition. One member of a tiny community of precious biological life adrift in an enormous dead void of uninhabitable cold. In such a universe, the entire life history of humble sapiens appears as a flickering nanosecond in an unfathomable sea of time. As this awareness gradually sinks into the ego consciousness of the educated world during the next few decades, surely we will drop our weapons in shock and huddle together on our precious Island of warm in vast cold time. Expect more change during this decade than has occurred in the last five, propelled by the thundering momentum of a boiling exploding world population. We will race down like whitewater rafters down reels and rivulets of technological progress. Decisions that spell life and death for the world raft will have to be made at lightning speed by our leaders. And we, as individuals will have to be ceaselessly alert ever adjusting our weight less we sink the battered craft, which sustains us. The path of least resistance for the short run could steer our course over the waterfall of environmental disaster. How do we steer a good course? Part of the answer lies in an understanding, and the part of each of us have three areas where events will shape the course of future planet history. These three vital and vitally important factors are population explosion, environmental crisis and technological revolution. The population bomb described in the book of that name by Paul Ehrlich, written in 1970 is now exploding all around us. Any meaningful view of the future direction of the world must include some sense of the weight of numbers of population increase, allowed to continue on its present course. It will unravel the very fabric of world ecology. Our world environment is in a state of crisis, global warming, acid rain and other environmental phenomena constitute a form of feedback from the world's ecological system to the world economic system, that it needs to change certain aspects of its behavior. Technology, one of our major economic activities is in the midst of a revolution. Presently, this revolution is guided by economic values. Redirection of technology from economic exploitation toward a mature world husbandry of resources is required, if it is to become a tool for true enhancement of the quality of our lives. The world population, which remained at substantially less than one 10th of 1 billion throughout over 25,000 years of human history leaped to one and a half billion at the turn of this century, and two and a half billion in 1950, and 5 billion in 1987. The United Nations has projected three growth scenarios based on different assumptions about world birth and mortality rates. Under their optimistic scenario, which is the bottom or a purple line on the graph, there median growth, pardon me. Under this scenario we would reach about 7.6 billion by the year 2025. That's the most optimistic scenario. The median growth scenario, which is shown in red on the graph would generate a population of about 7.6 billion by the year 2025. And their least optimistic scenario, the one on top, which is shown in yellow accelerates shows acceleration to 1.9% growth by the turn of the century and would resolve in a world population of 9.4 billion, almost 10 billion by the year 2025. And while preparing for this talk, I learned that UN experts based on early indicators in this decade are leaning towards that latter least optimistic prediction of a population of 10 billion. Clearly what happens in this decade is going to be crucial in regard to the future of the world population. Is there a point at which world population will stabilize? Well, there are well established links between mortality rate, population density and poverty. If the new global society allows population and result in poverty and pollution to go unchecked, health problems will eventually control population through increasing mortality. Stabilization would then be achieved by suffering and destruction of the biosphere. Conscious decisions made by us as individuals, as well as policy decisions by nation and by international bodies, such as the United Nations we will ultimately decide our fate. 90% of this expected increase will occur in already overcrowded cities in the developing countries and among the poorest peoples of the World. For most developing countries, the ability to control population will determine whether they attain a viable position in the world economy, and a reasonable standard of living for their people. In contrast to America, which entered its period of economic development was sparse population and enormous resources. The third world, the developing countries pose a dilemma of epic proportion. If they are to develop. According to the landmark United Nations report title Our common Future, the third world solution must include three categories of worldwide actions. First, family planning programs to produce a reduced rate of fertility. Second, the eradication of world poverty and third an environmentally sound development, and forth enlightened policies in the part of developed countries like the United States, which will support rather than undermine world progress. This combination of actions could resolve in what the United Nations describe as sustainable world growth. That is growth that will provide for the needs of the future world population of eight to 10 billion without destroying earth ecology. First on the list is family planning. The fact that in present tropical rain forest, which will produce much of the earth's oxygen and rainfall are disappearing at the rate of 11 million hectares per year. A hectare is about a hundred acres by the way, is a direct result of the fact that the average woman in third world countries must bear from four to six children during her lifetime. Presently infant mortality is so high among the world's poor that women must overproduce to ensure enough children. Obviously key to successful population control programs is the status of women. Countries where the literacy and status of women has improved consistently show a declining rate of fertility. In Argentina, for example, where the literacy rate for women is 95%. The average rate of fertility is 2.7 children per woman. This contrast with Haiti where the literacy rate of women is only 29%. And the average rate of fertility is 5.6 children per women. Double the rate of Argentina. This relationship holds true for Asian, African, Latin American, and even Muslim countries. A world effort to eradicate poverty is the second United Nations commission prerequisite for sustainable world development. It is expediency on the part of an impoverished and uneducated world citizenry, which is exhausting our dwindling resources. Third, on the UN commission's list is a worldwide movement towards environmentally sound development. Nearly a century ago, Malthus got our attention when he predicted the present explosion of population. But the second malthusian warning that exponential growth of population without pace arithmetical growth of resources has been largely ignored. The '90s, we'll see an era of environmental crisis, as the race intensifies between exploding human population and human technological ingenuity. As productivity increases to previously unimaginable levels. We will also see increasing evidence that we are approaching the limits of world productivity. In an effort to feed and to develop, and to feed their population. Third world countries are destroying tropical rainforest at the rate of about 11 million hectares a year. That amounts to an area that's just a little less than one third. The area of the United States. Industrial damage in the form of air pollution and acid rain injures another 31 million hectares each year. And each year, the deficit of top soil lost through erosion over the amount of new top soil formed, amounts to about 26 billion tons. In the United States, one of the few countries that has really good data on this subject, it appears that loss of top soil could produce a reduction in yield over the next hundred years of about three to 10%. Each year another 6 million hectares of land are lost to desertification, the result of land mismanagement. But environmental problems represent more than just an attempt to meet the needs of our growing population. Unlike any other known species, humans have developed the curious notion that production is to be valued for its own sake. Profit, not survival is the motive for much of our industrial production. We're encouraged to think that it is acceptable to damage the environment and other species provided this leads to profit and new products. A few of the results of this curious view are shown in the next slide. Smog and air pollution, which damage the health of urban populations. As of 1987, 22,000 identified toxic dump sites in the US. Every state except Alaska, Hawaii and Nevada have at least one such dump site. And eight States have 30 or more sites. And even Iowa has seven. Currently eight of every 10 Americans live near toxic dump sites. And one and two live in a County which houses a Superfund site. Safeguards against water contamination at many of these sites is considered inadequate. Thousands of lakes in the industrial North are now biologically dead, and thousands more are in the process of dying. Acid rain is damaging crop and other plant life. And while a news media has emphasized public opposition to nuclear power plants during the 1980s, leaving the impression in many of our minds that the use of nuclear power may be on the lane. In fact, the number of nuclear power plants is increased from 15 in 1970 to a hundred in 1989. A greenhouse effect caused primarily by profitable, but largely unneeded industrial products and the automobile, which advertisers have convinced us is a basic need. May produce a rise in temperature of about one and a half degrees, and a rise in sea level of 1.4 meters by the year 2050. And while many industrialized countries debate whether the threat of global warming justifies some minimal reallocation of their basic research funds to study the greenhouse phenomena, the ever prudent Dutch have already built into their calculations for future dikes and allowance of one quarter to one half meter rise in sea level over the next hundred years. The consumption of aerosols, refrigerants and other chlorofluorocarbon products may be depleting the ozone layer in the higher atmosphere at the same time that the use of the automobile in our rapidly expanding urban population centers is causing a buildup of health damaging ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere. Facing the gloomy environmental scorecard generates in some of us have strong anger toward those who have made fortunes at the expense of the world that the rest of us have to live in. And recently futurist James Dator, a very angry person on the subject, expressed his outrage over what has occurred in his tale of the hijack spaceship. Dator's humor is as chilling as it is provocative. Story goes like this, seems that about 200 years ago or so, with the emergence of the industrial revolution a group of terrorists hijacked a spaceship called earth that was operating at the time on automatic pilot, and the process of terrorizing the passengers, these terrorists namely some early industrialists and entrepreneurs along with some supporting technicians, destroyed the automatic control mechanism of the spaceship, without understanding that they were doing so. Not only did they not realize that they'd better learn how to fly the ship pretty quickly, they did not even know that the spaceship was on automatic pilot, and that their actions were destroying its stability. While some of the terrified passengers seen then, and more are seeing now to be aware of what was going on. And a few are getting rather hysterical about it. The hijackers continue to rape the environment, burn the meager supplies of fossil fuel, and pillage resources that belong to the world's poorest people, thus destroying the stability of the spaceship even more, and all the while the terrorists have devised clever slogans like gross national product to bully and bedazzle the captive passengers of the ship into an action, even as it begins to wobble dangerously in orbit. Well, that's pretty strong language, isn't it. And yet it misses an important point. Namely, that most of us are the most willing of captives. Most of us have been taken in by the slogans and I've come to believe in a concept of the good life that's based on over consumption of the finite resources of our fragile spaceship. While supporting only about 26% of the world's population, developed countries like the United States, West Germany, Japan, et cetera, use about nine tenths of the world's resources. The graph compares per capita consumption of developed to undeveloped countries. Note that in some areas we're using as much as 10 times, what you might call our fair share of resources. It's the developed countries who currently determine the overall world situation. We do this not just by over consumption of resources, and the role model this consumption plays for the rest of the world, but through policies established towards the environment, third world debt and the exportation of damaging environmental and agricultural technology. And finally, the US which is mired in a heated controversy over abortion lags behind many undeveloped countries, and that we still have no national policy for family planning or population control. The US fertility rate, which declined during the '70s is once again on the increase. The current projection is that the US population will increase by 70 million, over the next hundred years reaching about 311 million by 2080. This increase would be the equivalent of adding 115 cities, the size of Boston or the combined populations of California New Jersey, New York, and Texas to our present population. And that brings us naturally or perhaps not naturally to the subject of garbage. Garbage wasn't much of an issue to most of us back in 1969, when Pete Seeger wrote the song that I'm sure a few people in this room other than myself can remember, but Seeger's image of a population drowning in garbage is now our reality. As we enter the '90s, increasing numbers of landfills are closing, and most of those remaining are expected to fill within the next 10 years. In the United States, the production of solid waste increased from a hundred million tons per year in 1970 to about 150 million tons in 1986. About 41% of that waste is paper products. 18% is the waste that comes from our yard, grass clippings and stuff like that. 9% is metals. 8% is food. 7% plastic, 4% is wood. 1% are illegal toxic waste that find their way into landfills, even though they're not supposed to. And 4% is made up of various other undescribable materials, too horrible to mention. The landfill of the past is not an acceptable technology for handling solid waste. Recent studies have shown that when paper is placed in a modern landfill, it's protected from decomposition by the other products, which surround it. And they've found newspapers 50 years old in readable condition in some landfills. During the '90s, this problem of waste disposal will have to be solved by a combination of strategies including environmental landfill installation, state-of-the-art waste to energy incinerators and recycling. The most effective strategy of course, is to reduce waste at the source. By the end of the decade, expect that newspapers and magazines will be required to print on recycled paper. Bans will be enacted against over packaging, and many products now, commonly in use such as paper cups, disposable razors and plastic utensils are likely to be banned entirely. Bottle laws will be increasingly passed, and we'll find ourselves returning pop bottles. As we did once a long time ago. Refilling detergent containers and nail polish containers, and all sorts of other liquid containers. Recycling will be central to any solution to the garbage problem. While only 10% of solid waste is currently recycled in the US, some countries such as Japan managed to recycle as much as 50% of their waste. Portland, Oregon has long had a successful recycling program. And recently New York City and Los Angeles have passed mandatory recycling laws. And recycling laws are under consideration in many other cities including my own hometown of Tucson. Plastic recycling technologies under development, and will be implemented during the '90s. Expect a variety of recycled plastic products including plumbing modules, plastic siding and insulation for homes, plastic lumber for boat docks, park benches and fences. Fiber fill for ski parks, scouring pads. And even automobile distributor caps made of recycled plastic. These products would do two things. They'd reduce accumulation of solid waste, while also replacing the use of non-renewable forest products. Sustainable world development depends on a significant and rapid reduction in the energy, and raw material content of every unit of production. The developed countries must increase dramatically their own efficiency, or there will simply not be enough resources for the third world to survive. Such an increase in efficiency is solidly linked to economic survival in the modern world. It's no accident that top performers in the world market like Japan, West Germany, Sweden have all achieved a 40% net reduction in the energy and raw material content of each unit of production. Many existing technologies would allow us to implement the improvement in energy efficiency required for sustainable world development. State-of-the-art steel production technology could save 40% of the amount of energy currently used to produce steel in the United States, and far more in developing countries. Currently China and India use four times more energy to make a ton of steel than does Japan. Co-generation of heat and electricity, which capitalizes on that one third of energy wasted in the traditional heat producing boiler to produce electricity. Condensing furnaces which absorb heat from exhaust gases use about 28% less fuel than conventional gas turbines, and emit fewer pollutants. Computerized monitoring systems that take into account available sunlight, the number and location of people in the dwelling, indoor and outdoor temperature and adjust heat light, and air conditioning accordingly can produce energy savings of 10 to 20%. Given products that are currently available, a US consumer dedicated to energy efficiency is in a position to cut gasoline consumption by about half, home heating energy by one third and energy for refrigeration by one fourth the amount currently used. This can be accomplished simply by seeking and choosing the most energy efficient model of appliance over what is commonly sold by retailers. Super insulated homes can require as much as 89% less energy for heat. While a combination of improved lamps reflectors and daytime lighting can cut energy consumption by about 75%. Currently 88% of the world's energy supply comes from fossil fuel, coal, oil and natural gas. The high standard of living enjoyed in industrial countries like the United States, West Germany and Japan results directly from excessive use of energy. One fourth of the world's population consuming 70% of the world's commercial energy. The use of energy supplies must increase dramatically in developing countries like China, Mexico, and India. If they are to support their growing populations. One by-product of our over-reliance on fossil fuel is air pollution, the greenhouse effect, and other forms of pollution represent the end products of a cycle of decisions on the part of our species to overpopulate, overdevelop and over consume. Currently the two most developed countries, the US and West Germany, release into the atmosphere about four tons of carbon per person per year. Where the developing world to follow this model of progress, the resolving impact on human and plant life will be ruinous. Smog, which results from emissions in areas rich in sunlight like California is highly detrimental to human health. Given the sunny conditions of most developing countries, the tendency of polluting industries to locate in populous areas and the heavy use of the automobile by people in urban areas, it is clear that the effects of Smog and acid rain will spread throughout the world, unless we find cheap alternatives to fossil fuel in the near future. Because of its contribution to air pollution and consumption of non-renewable fossil fuel, the automobile represents a convenience, we may have to learn to live without. Currently there are about 500 million registered autos on the planet, which consume an average of two gallons of gas per day and consume about one third of the world's oil production. At current rates of increase by 2025, there'll be four times this number of autos, and most of this increase will occur. As you might expect in the developing countries. While the initial adjustment will be from use of non-renewable fuels such as gasoline to renewable fuels such as gasohol or ethanol, such a transition, only postpones the inevitable. For the world to solve its energy consumption problems, it will almost certainly have to abandon the use of pollution generating transportation entirely by sometime early in the next century. Obviously the entire world must decrease its reliance on fossil fuel. That's even more essential in the United States, which is currently burdening its economy by reliance on foreign supplies of fossil energy. There are a number of viable options. Natural gas is more clean burning than any fossil fuel, and may provide the best near term solution or alternative to oil for power plants. Solar energy, which is gradually gaining acceptance as a source of energy for heating homes, represents the most attractive long-term alternative. In 1970 active or passive solar energy was used in only 35,000 homes in the United States. By 1987, the count had increased nearly 50 fold to about 1.7 million Small Scale applications of solar power are also proving cost-effective. Solar power generation on a large scale, began in California a year ago, where a solar thermal plant is expected to produce electric power for about 8 cents per kilowatt hour. Although this appears to be nearly three times the current price of producing electric power with fossil fuel, this rate, which has no environmental costs associated with it is a bargain for a small written Californians. Other solar power applications are also in development. Inactive geological areas, that geologic areas pardon me such as Northern California, geothermal energy is already being utilized for low temperature applications, such as this thermal greenhouse. And an orbiting solar collector in space could transform solar radiation into electric power by means of photo cells and mirrors positioned on its surface. The electric energy would be transformed to microwaves and then beamed back to earth. If positioned far enough out in space to avoid the shadow of the earth. Such a satellite would always be bathed in sun, and would be unaffected by the time of day or weather or sky conditions on earth. A space shuttle would be used for its construction, and given funding such a collector could be shuttled into space before the year 2001. In the future, power plants fueled by the burning of waste may also be considered. This option has some the same drawbacks unfortunately as nuclear power, namely what to do with the toxic byproducts. As technology generates an ever richer array of sound alternatives to fossil fuel, individuals, nations and the world as a whole will develop strategies for using them. For example, middle Eastern countries which have large supplies of natural gas could utilize that resource over the short term, paving the way for long-term switch overs to unlimited and solar power which has no environmental costs associated with it. Which of the above options would actually be adopted, will depend on a lot more than availability however. Presently, the adoption of some alternative fuels is precluded by costs, which appear on the surface higher than those of fossil products. But this apparent difference, reflects highly artificial pricing resolving from subsidies paid out of consumer tax dollars to energy companies. Also in many countries and particularly the US, the price of oil reflects only the cost of producing the fuel, but ignores other real costs such as defense in the Middle East, cleanup of oil spills, high health premiums paid by residents of smog affected cities and the effects of acid rain on crop production in Iowa. Acid rain is affecting crop production in Iowa, right? in the US current gasoline prices are less than half of those in Western Germany and less than one third of those in Japan. The difference in price reflects the policy in those countries are charging a gasoline tax to cover the real cost of the product. I mean the real environmental costs of the product. It's now widely recognized that environmental concerns transcend national borders, and must be handled in the context of unprecedented worldwide cooperation. New systems of international law will develop, which place less emphasis on arbitrary physical boundaries between nations and more on environmental realities and geography. Out of such efforts may spring the revitalization of the United Nations as a vehicle through which countries can cooperate as well as a system a new system of worldwide economics, based on sustainable development. And the assumption that developers and consumers of development must pay the true cost of their consumption of world resources. In short, expect your gasoline bill to increase five fold or more. Expect newspapers and magazines to be required by law to print on recycled and recyclable paper, and expect countries such as India which own land on the upper reaches of a river to deal more fairly in the future with countries like Bangladesh that reside on the lower end of that river.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116075#t=0.0,2861.712"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Other species annually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=5.13,6.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The population of African elephants, 4.5 million","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=8.28,12.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1970 was only 0.5 million by 1989.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=12.12,17.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At this rate of extinction, the last wild African elephant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=17.27,20.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will die before the year 2000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=20.47,23.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The cause is consumerism of 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technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=692.44,696.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the point of view of a society faced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=696.8,699.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with its own extinction have to be considered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=699.22,702.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"frivolous bells and whistles, but how can I omit them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=702.42,707.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How can I omit discussion of those areas of technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=707.11,710.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into which most of our economic resources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=710.73,712.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are currently being poured and hope to convince you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=712.98,715.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that what I project will really happen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=715.85,718.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, the answer is I can't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=718.57,720.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of the most promising environmental technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=720.76,723.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may never be implemented because their development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=723.76,726.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been cleverly circumvented by national","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=726.24,729.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and fiscal economic policies that are based","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=729.29,732.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the assumption that ensuring the greatest possible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=732.32,735.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accumulation of personal and corporate wealth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=735.4,738.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the single most important business of government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=738.63,742.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Much of what I've discussed will simply be pie in the sky","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=742.04,746.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unless we see a very major change in thinking in the '90s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=746.69,751.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That needed change has been described","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=751.52,753.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by futurist James Dator, as the end of economics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=753.53,758.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The basic problem that Dator sees with economics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=759.4,762.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a discipline is that it is based","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=762.35,764.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the notion of scarcity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=764.56,767.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Economics works when you have a society of scarcity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=767.1,770.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you need labor, but we Americans currently live","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=770.23,773.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a world where the problem is not scarcity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=773.85,776.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the problem of dispersal of super abundance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=778.18,781.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If this were not so, why would we see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=781.32,785.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the level of consumption of food, materials,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=785.53,788.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and energy that I showed you earlier?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=788.21,791.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The present level of national and personal debt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=791.36,794.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may be thought of as a desperate attempt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=794.49,797.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to use up all that we produce.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=797.34,800.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are all deluged with advertisements trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=800.68,803.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to induce us to buy that which we neither need nor want.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=803.63,807.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some futurists project that by the early 21st century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=808.62,812.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we will need the labor of less than 10 to 30%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=812.44,815.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of those currently employed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=815.53,817.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Others like Dator have argued that we we're already","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=818.85,820.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a situation where we're keeping many people employed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=820.92,823.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not because we need their services, but because we need them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=823.7,828.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to acquire goods that we're producing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=828.0,830.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dator asks whether it's rational to insist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=831.21,834.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that everyone work to sustain overproduction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=834.08,837.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that a few entrepreneurs can acquire capital","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=837.01,839.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they may have no good idea of what to do with anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=839.62,842.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thoughtful people like Dator are trying to help us to see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=843.58,847.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most compelling reason for abandoning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=847.26,849.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pre-21st century economics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=849.78,852.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"namely that overproduction is murdering our planet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=852.28,856.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perhaps the most thoughtful treatise on this subject","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=857.02,859.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the 198-page report of the United Nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=859.72,864.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Commission on World Development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=864.64,867.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their reports stresses throughout","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=867.15,869.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that sustainable development is in the long-term","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=869.54,873.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"self-interest of all countries of the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=873.39,877.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and must involve the sort of change in production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=877.75,881.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I've been talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=881.28,882.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At this point, we're going to make a few 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exchange.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1312.13,1315.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Speech, food, posture, infection, respiration, scent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1315.8,1320.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are but a few pathways of communication.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1323.56,1326.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of those circuits are still a mystery,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1329.7,1332.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a labyrinth that we have barely begun","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1332.62,1335.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to acknowledge or explore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1335.21,1337.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The great anthropologist and philosopher,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1341.04,1343.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gregory Bateson, pointed out 20 years ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1343.02,1348.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this myriad of feedback circuits resemble","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1348.43,1352.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the mathematical models of thinking being developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1352.61,1355.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the new science of artificial intelligence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1355.61,1359.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A forest or a coral reef or a whole planet then,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1359.01,1363.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with it's checks and balances and feedback loops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1363.91,1367.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and delicate adjustments always striving for light","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1367.66,1371.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and equilibrium is like a mind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1371.83,1374.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this way of thinking, pollution is literal insanity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1375.64,1380.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To dump toxic waste in a swamp say, is like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1380.93,1384.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to repress a bad thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1384.69,1386.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or like hitting your wife every night","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1386.95,1389.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and assuming because she doesn't fight back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1389.33,1392.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can abuse her with impunity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1392.83,1395.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"30 years later, she sets your bed on fire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1395.71,1399.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who will prevail, the cowboy or the Indian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1400.52,1403.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are we capable of setting our own bed on fire?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1404.42,1408.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Overbye continues, what we have now is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1408.26,1411.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a sort of biological equivalent to a black hole.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1411.81,1415.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wherein a star becomes so massive that it bends space","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1416.85,1421.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and time totally around itself and then pays","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1421.1,1424.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ultimate price of domination by disappearing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1424.79,1428.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1429.58,1430.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1431.358,1434.358"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you, Dr. Menke.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1445.8,1446.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, thank you, Dr. Cheelin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1446.72,1448.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have a few announcements to make.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1448.203,1450.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was an event.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076#t=1451.14,1452.133"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27960/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/960/original/AV203917_Challenges_of_the_90s_Treands_in_Democracy_and_Technology_b.vtt?1622564845","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/960/original/AV203917_Challenges_of_the_90s_Treands_in_Democracy_and_Technology_b.vtt?1622564845"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27961","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203917_Challenges_of_the_90s_Treands_in_Democracy_and_Technology_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43250/file/116076/transcript/27961/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Other species annually. The population of African elephants, 4.5 million in 1970 was only 0.5 million by 1989. At this rate of extinction, the last wild African elephant will die before the year 2000. The cause is consumerism of ivory. In 1970, there were 92 species on the US endangered species list. Today, there are 539 on that list. In the last three years, the population of California condors was halved from 60 to 30. By 2010, one fifth of all species remaining may be gone forever. Included among the missing and depleted species will be much of the plant life of the Amazon rainforest, which will in turn accelerate the greenhouse effect and produce a decrease in world rainfall of an unknown amount. Clearly needed is an evolution of the attitudes of human beings toward the millions of other species of life who are fellow companions on the only green planet that has yet been discovered in all the vast expanse of the universe. Evolutionary biology, a body of knowledge that this is the cameo appearance Alfred Hitchcock cameo appearance slide, that demonstrates clearly how the fate of homo sapiens is intricately related to that Of all other forms of life, provide a basis for just such a change of attitude. The facts that most strongly support this conclusion are still being uncovered and an economy based on long-range concerns and sustainable world development would consider genetic diversity a modest example and irreplaceable natural resource and would set aside areas for the protection of valuable species of plant life. A culture that truly understands life will value all species of living creatures and seek to protect them. Such recent developments as the diminishing slaughter of the world's whale population show that were humans to become less complacent about the widespread destruction of species, extinction could be averted for at least some of our remaining plant and animal companions. Along with learning to be more responsible neighbors to our fellow earth dwellers, we will require a revolution away from negative impact technology to a more enlightened technology for the '90s. The technologies that are probably most central to our longterm survival are those which might promote sustainable development in the third world. For example, technologies that could assist women to gain control over their rate of fertility, technologies with implications for an environmentally responsible increase in agricultural production, alternative sources of energy, particularly those which could utilize the sunlight, so abundant in much of the third world to increase energy efficiency and building materials that show promise for reducing our dependence on non-renewable natural resources such as wood. Perhaps most important of the agricultural technologies are those which preserve the important resources, land, water and genetic diversity. The efficiency of water harvesting, a technique employed in the middle East since pre-Christian times, will be greatly enhanced by leveling of fields with machines guided by laser beam. Drip irrigation is being introduced around the world to improve efficiency and decrease salinization. Also important are technologies which reduce the environmental burden caused by pesticides and fertilizers such as getting farmers to use environmentally appropriate farming methods, development of a nitrogen fixing corn and integrated pest management. Recycling technologies will be central to waste control and many programs will become mandatory. The performance of the desktop microcomputer of today equally exceeds that of the average mainframe of about 20 years ago and exemplifies very well the explosion of technology. For the past 25 years or so, memory designers have increased the number of bits of information on a chip by 70% per year. Logic designers have increased the amount of logic stored by 25%. And the number of instructions per chip has doubled each year. That means that the same amount of computing power that would have cost you $50,000 in 1981, costs about $5,000 in 1985, and can now be purchased for about $500. These advances essentially reflect the fact that as the size of the circuits and components that can be placed on a chip is scaled ever smaller, the amount of information that a chip can hold and the speed with which thousands of digital switches operate increases exponentially, not until the end of the '90s will the limits of the silicone chip be reached. And by that time microcomputers will have capabilities that may rival those of today's super computers. By mid decade, advances in microchip technology will provide us with a Lilliputian tool chest of tiny moving parts, valves, gears, springs, levers and ball bearings, as well as silicone motors about the width of your eyelash. These microscopic machines will make possible a host of new medical and electrical applications including tiny scissors and buzz saws and micro optical systems that surgeons can use. A robot less than one millimeter in diameter that can enter the human body, go into veins and tissues, sort of like the Raquel Welch movie in the 1950s, \"The Incredible Journey\". Remember that. That's going to happen in this decade, as well as tiny machine parts for a new generation of tape recorders, TV sets and hand recorders. In biotechnology, we may be on the verge of some incredible things in biotechnology which I won't go into here, but some really wild combinations of computer technology, robot technology with genetic technology. The home in the future, this is my conception of the home of the future, will be an urban refuge based on technology. Recycled plastic with its superior insulating properties will allow us to preserve vital old growth rainforests and make possible energy-conserving plumbing in modules which can be easily interchanged by homeowners themselves. Self-scrubbing toilets, my favorite will eliminate this onerous task from our list of household responsibilities. The evolution of home amenities from the den to the family room to the entertainment center will now be pushed a step farther by computer technology to produce the family information center. An entire set of encyclopedias, our own favorite unabridged dictionary, a thesaurus and many other helpful reference books will be contained on one CD rom disc about the size of an ordinary floppy. By our modem, we'll be accessing national databases for stock market information, ordering airline tickets directly or visiting with widely scattered friends with whom we share like interests. American males, who love new toys, may prefer to hold up their end of the equalitarian relationship by doing the shopping via an international wonderland online. Groceries ordered in this way will be delivered to refrigerator doors built into our front door. And billings will be downloaded automatically to your accounting software. The energy and resource gobbler junk mail, will be outlawed and best of all, advertising will be available only as a menu option. Sunday afternoon will find us in the family information center browsing the Library of Congress at our terminals and downloading interesting material through our monitor screens. People will increasingly prefer the privacy of their own homes, perhaps unfortunately, but likely to be the case to going out. Recycled plastics will allow us to maximize environmental comfort to a degree that will rival that most friendly of computer environments, the star Trek holodeck. As in Captain Picard's holodeck, your computer will recognize your voice. Concerned about security, just say, \"Computer, security check\", and the voice of the computer system will inform you of the status of alarm components built into doors and windows, whether there's any current evidence of intrusion. Or you may decide to say, \"Computer, privacy mode\". Computer will close all the blinds in your house. These blinds will not be the conventional sort but a new technology, a new electronic technology in which the molecular structure of the window itself will be transformed back and forth from clear, opaque windows, clear to opaque windows that either guarantee privacy and provide maximal insulation, or if you want to maximize the psychological benefits of your home, you will ask the computer to enter relaxation mode. You will then turn on your jacuzzi adjust your lighting to soft, relaxing hues and put some favorite electronic space music on for you listen to. And by the way, this house has already been built. And some of you may have seen it. It was on \"This Old House\" about two months ago. You will note that I've omitted mention here of a lot of technology that gets wide attention in our media. Not much has been said about the new entertainment in automotive technologies, but such technologies from the point of view of a society faced with its own extinction have to be considered frivolous bells and whistles, but how can I omit them? How can I omit discussion of those areas of technology into which most of our economic resources are currently being poured and hope to convince you that what I project will really happen? Well, the answer is I can't. Many of the most promising environmental technologies may never be implemented because their development has been cleverly circumvented by national and fiscal economic policies that are based on the assumption that ensuring the greatest possible accumulation of personal and corporate wealth is the single most important business of government. Much of what I've discussed will simply be pie in the sky unless we see a very major change in thinking in the '90s. That needed change has been described by futurist James Dator, as the end of economics. The basic problem that Dator sees with economics as a discipline is that it is based on the notion of scarcity. Economics works when you have a society of scarcity and you need labor, but we Americans currently live in a world where the problem is not scarcity but the problem of dispersal of super abundance. If this were not so, why would we see the level of consumption of food, materials, and energy that I showed you earlier? The present level of national and personal debt may be thought of as a desperate attempt to use up all that we produce. We are all deluged with advertisements trying to induce us to buy that which we neither need nor want. Some futurists project that by the early 21st century, we will need the labor of less than 10 to 30% of those currently employed. Others like Dator have argued that we we're already in a situation where we're keeping many people employed not because we need their services, but because we need them to acquire goods that we're producing. Dator asks whether it's rational to insist that everyone work to sustain overproduction so that a few entrepreneurs can acquire capital they may have no good idea of what to do with anyway. Thoughtful people like Dator are trying to help us to see the most compelling reason for abandoning pre-21st century economics, namely that overproduction is murdering our planet. Perhaps the most thoughtful treatise on this subject is the 198-page report of the United Nations Commission on World Development. Their reports stresses throughout that sustainable development is in the long-term self-interest of all countries of the world, and must involve the sort of change in production that I've been talking about. At this point, we're going to make a few predictions of changes in attitudes that will occur during the '90s and will hope or I'll hope, maybe you won't, I'll hope that I'm telling the truth. There will be an international focus on the eradication of poverty. I think there'll be a growing world women's rights movement, that sometime during this decade there'll be a major change in the official view of the Roman Catholic church towards family planning and that we will shift to the knowledge society with a new focus on education, particularly on science education, and value-based markets will develop. What I mean by this is the price of water will increase to its true value, encouraging sound management and land prices will be based on productive value and genetic value markets, especially in tropical rain forests, will help preserve genetic diversity by paving the way for debt swapping arrangements. There will be a gradual adjustment of federal regulations to force developers and marketeers of products to pay the true cost of their production. And the price of one product, oil, will see a dramatic increase, Farm subsidies will be modified to reflect environmental priorities worldwide. Individual investors will buy products from and invest in corporations based on values. This is already beginning to happen, and we'll move capital away from companies involved in practices that are potentially ruinous to our economy and biosphere. We will see, the final prediction is that we will see the death of egocentrism on the part of homo sapiens. Facing our environmental problems has profound implications for the fundamental ethics by which we live our lives. The solving of the environmental crisis will require the widespread eradication of one of the most fundamental of human attitudes. Our basic egocentrism. While such an attitude shift may seem almost inconceivable after the era of Reaganomics, there are other examples in cultures that could provide useful models for us. Asian societies have shown clearly that a society based on cooperation can function very effectively. And Joseph Campbell's studies and mythology teach us that we could learn some things from our native American and prehistoric cultures in this regard. Some see technology as the solution to our environmental problems, but to blindly trust that no matter what we do, some technology can be devised to fix the problem is the same kind of mindlessness that caused us to allow our spaceship to be hijacked. Technology is related to the environment in two important ways. It has the potential to solve many of our environmental problems, but new technologies have often been accompanied by new environmental risk. In the past, the costs of progress have been borne by people other than the developer, a practice that encourages irresponsible pollution. Technology then is not a solution but a tool and one which we must use wisely. The real cause of our environmental problem lies in the area of human attitudes. The egocentric view is that whatever we do for our own short-term welfare can be justified with no consideration for its effect on the biosphere. But the notion that human progress makes any action justifiable is being incontrovertibly refuted by nature herself, and nature has no intention no intention at all of adjusting to us. We will need to redefine human progress during this next decade. The real environmental challenge lies in the correction of egocentric attitude. Any real solution must correct egocentric beliefs and any solution which does not, is in reality only a band-aid and may postpone inevitable destruction, but not for long. Mythologist Joseph Campbell has called as a mythless society, but new concepts, which appear to meet Campbell's criteria for an acceptable mythology, are emerging from our crisis. The global society, Gaya, the era of sustainable growth, the new world and new world economics all have elements which can help us make the sweeping attitudinal shifts now required of us and still other thinkers have given us images which can help us understand where we've come from and how we must change. In his essay \"Fear in a Handful of Numbers\", Dennis Overbye uses the metaphor of playing a dangerous game of cowboys and Indians to describe our history. We all started, says Overbye, as Indians. Primal cultures tended to view all of nature as alive, a constellation of powerful spirits which had to be listened to and respected if the frail human was to survive. With the rise of a scientific clockwork cosmos and a missionary Christianity with its message of man's dominion and relentless animus against paganism, nature was metaphorically transformed. It became dead meat. A mountain was it a place to test one's manhood. An Asian jungle with its rich life and cultures merely a setting for an ideological battle. By these standards, even communists are cowboys. The cowboys won, everywhere nature is being tanked, but victory over nature is a kind of suicide. We have only an illusion of mastery, modern science, a cowboy achievement, paradoxically favors the indian view of life. The barest Antarctic rock is crawling with microbes, viruses float on the dust. Bacteria help digest our food. According to modern evolutionary biology, our very cells are cities of formerly independent organisms, and on the molecular level, the difference between self and non-self disappears in a blur of semipermeable membranes. Nature goes on within and without us. It walks through us like a breeze through a screen porch. On the biological level, the world is a seamless continuum of energy and information passing back and forth. A vast complicated network of exchange. Speech, food, posture, infection, respiration, scent are but a few pathways of communication. Most of those circuits are still a mystery, a labyrinth that we have barely begun to acknowledge or explore. The great anthropologist and philosopher, Gregory Bateson, pointed out 20 years ago that this myriad of feedback circuits resemble the mathematical models of thinking being developed for the new science of artificial intelligence. A forest or a coral reef or a whole planet then, with it's checks and balances and feedback loops and delicate adjustments always striving for light and equilibrium is like a mind. In this way of thinking, pollution is literal insanity. To dump toxic waste in a swamp say, is like trying to repress a bad thought or like hitting your wife every night and assuming because she doesn't fight back you can abuse her with impunity. 30 years later, she sets your bed on fire. Who will prevail, the cowboy or the Indian. Are we capable of setting our own bed on fire? Overbye continues, what we have now is a sort of biological equivalent to a black hole. Wherein a star becomes so massive that it bends space and time totally around itself and then pays the ultimate price of domination by disappearing. Thank you.\r\n\r\n- Thank you, Dr. Menke. And again, thank you, Dr. Cheelin. I have a few announcements to make. 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