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body,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=27.47,29.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the George Washington Carver steering committee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=29.14,31.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It will be touring the state in 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symbol.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=157.58,161.587"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And without anything else,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=163.1,165.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to introduce to you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=165.31,166.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our lecture, Dr. Linda O. McMurray.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=166.73,169.918"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=169.918,172.918"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e My topic is, \"George Washington Carver","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=179.7,182.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Making Education Common.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=182.26,184.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I have a 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fascinating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=191.256,193.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'm going to try to stick basically to a prepared talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=193.49,196.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and leave I hope some time for questions and comments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=196.59,200.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth afterwards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=200.13,201.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"George Washington Carver was a man who 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story","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=209.04,210.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the eccentricities of his personality,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=210.96,213.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ledges becoming a kind of folk saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=213.96,216.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both in his lifetime and beyond.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=216.17,218.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was readily appropriated by many diverse 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Carver","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=243.85,245.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a living racial ultra hero,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=245.79,248.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whose story offered hope of success for those","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=248.72,251.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who tried hard enough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=251.47,253.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To people concerned with race 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African-Americans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=259.34,262.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or an indication that slavery and segregation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=262.11,265.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couldn't be too bad if it produced Carver.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=265.37,267.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Regardless of the cause,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=269.01,270.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"segments of his life and personality were often","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=270.83,274.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"highlighted and embellished in order to prove a point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=274.3,278.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore, separating the real George Washington 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even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=287.73,290.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within Carver's own mind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=290.46,292.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And his life did have mythical 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happy.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=2318.56,2321.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he closed the letter with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=2321.98,2322.897"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Goodbye old Tom.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=2322.897,2325.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another student whom Carver had encouraged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=2325.11,2327.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go to Iowa 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left,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=2764.47,2768.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you yelling for sardine sandwiches and me struggling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=2768.33,2771.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the back seat trying to spread the butter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=2771.13,2773.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These chips forged bonds of friendship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=2775.12,2777.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that went beyond mere respect the Carver's genius.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=2777.71,2781.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Traveling with an African-American also provided,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=2781.24,2784.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his boys with firsthand knowledge of discrimination,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=2784.98,2789.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"making them aware as one noted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=2789.61,2792.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Of the many doors that neither you nor any member","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=2792.157,2795.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of your race could enter.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=2795.49,2797.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friendship with Carver not only opened their eyes to descri-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=2798.32,2801.757"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26243/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/026/243/original/AV203979_George_Washington_Carver_a.vtt?1620841383","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/026/243/original/AV203979_George_Washington_Carver_a.vtt?1620841383"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26244","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203979_George_Washington_Carver_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951/transcript/26244/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Outside the Institute on National Affairs, and I'd like to welcome all of you here, on behalf of our planning committee of students in faculty. Before we begin, I would also like to point out the George Washington Carver exhibit over there. Which will be on display throughout the week, and which has been brought to us through the support of the Iowa Humanities Board, the ISU Alumni Association, the Government of the student body, and the George Washington Carver steering committee. It will be touring the state in celebration of the Centennial, of Carvers enrollment here as the first African-American student, and faculty member. This year's Institute is dedicated to George Washington Carver's life and work. And now here's Marlina.\r\n\r\n- Good evening. The statement of purpose for, the 1991 Institute on National Affairs, Higher Education in a democracy, states the following. And this is just the portion of it. \"Perhaps the most precious gifts that Martin Luther King, and the Civil Rights Movement gave to America, was the enlargement of democracy. Following the example of African-Americans, countless other groups, found a voice and took their rightful place in the political dialogue of this nation.\" I think it is appropriate to associate the enlargement of democracy, with Martin Luther King, and with the Civil Rights Movement. But prior to the 60s, there were others, paving away, enlightening, building a legacy. One of those individuals was George Washington Carver. The dedication of this Institute to his life and work, and the Centennialic year, of his enrollment as the first African-American student, at Iowa State University. I think serves to highlight the significance of his contribution to this university, and to the academic community. Our lecture this evening is what I would call a, an authority, on George Washington Carver. Dr. McMurray, Linda McMurray, is a professor of African-American studies at North Carolina State University at Raleigh. She did her doctoral dissertation, on George Washington Carver. It was entitled \"Background to Fame,\" the career of George Washington Carver 1896,1916. She has also written a book on George Washington Carver, entitled \"George Washington Carver, scientists, and symbol.\" And without anything else, I'd like to introduce to you, our lecture, Dr. Linda O. McMurray.\r\n\r\n- My topic is, \"George Washington Carver Making Education Common.\" And I have a tendency, when I'm speaking about Carver to get carried away because, I find the man fascinating. So I'm going to try to stick basically to a prepared talk and leave I hope some time for questions and comments, and so forth afterwards. George Washington Carver was a man who captured the imagination of the American people. The romance of his life story and the eccentricities of his personality, ledges becoming a kind of folk saying both in his lifetime and beyond. He was readily appropriated by many diverse grips for a myriad of causes, to Southern businessmen, Carver was an incarnation of the new South philosophy. Religious leaders embraced the scientist proclaimed reliance upon God, as an inspirational source in an age of materialism. There were those, and also those who were struggling through the depression saw Carver as a living racial ultra hero, whose story offered hope of success for those who tried hard enough. To people concerned with race relations, Carver's career was either prove of the ability, and an intelligence of African-Americans, or an indication that slavery and segregation couldn't be too bad if it produced Carver. Regardless of the cause, segments of his life and personality were often highlighted and embellished in order to prove a point. Therefore, separating the real George Washington Carver from the symbolic portrayals of his life are difficult. Reality and mythology became blurred even within Carver's own mind. And his life did have mythical qualities. Yet Carver was more than a folk Saint. He was a real person with all the complexities and contradictions that are inherent in human nature. And these were exaggerated by his being black and white American. In the end, he won an international fame, for his efforts at finding, commercial usages for Southern resources such as peanuts, and was proclaimed one of the world's greatest chemists. For a variety of reasons both the value of his discoveries and the significance of his role in revolutionizing the Southern economy, were considerably inflated. Actually Carver did not assume the role of creative chemist, until relatively late in life. From my early childhood on, Carver and everybody that came in contact with him, was aware that he possessed rare and unusual talents. And he believed that these talents had been given to him for some special mission, and spent a good draw portion of his life trying to find that special mission. Had Carver been white, his choice of careers would probably have been different. If he had placed his own personal desires above a sense of responsibility, toward his fellow African-Americans, he most likely would have become either an artist, or a botanist engaged in plant breeding or mycological research. These were the areas in which he excelled at both at Simpson College and here at Iowa State. When he accepted Booker T. Washington's offer to come to Tuskegee in 1896 however, he unknowingly sacrificed those career alternatives. For almost 20 years, Carver remained in the shadow of Washington at Tuskegee. Devoting his life to a career of agricultural research and education. When Washington died in 1915, Carver was in his 50s, and had already made many of what I consider his most significant contributions, which were aimed at improving the life of impoverished sharecroppers. But he was still largely unknown, and dissatisfied with his life. To some degree the sense of failure, was what propelled Carver, toward the role of creative chemist as he later became known, and international fame after Washington's death. Myth making accelerated with carver's rise to prominence and produced the Carver legend. As a result, he became \"The Peanut Man.\" A stereotype of an accommodation as to achiever that served many symbolic names. Not only were his weaknesses and failures and skewered, but also much of the significance of his vision, and his work. Some historians had measured Carver bio legends and have declared him a fraud. In 1976 Barry Mackintosh wrote an article for the journal of Southern history, entitled \"George Washington Carver, The Making of a Myth.\" In it, he systematically dismissed everyone of Carver's claims to fames and every accomplishment Carver ever made. He even quoted from one letter, out of context I must say, to attack Carver as a teacher. Mackintosh basically asserts that Carver was made famous by whites, largely because he quote a pyramid of submission and pagretty unquote which were qualities whites desired in African-Americans. Mackintosh however makes a serious mistake I believe, by focusing entirely on all the things Carver was not. And in many cases things that Carver was not even attempting to be. In coming back Macintosh therefore misses what Carver actually was. Even subtracting all the things that Carver was not, that still leaves plenty about the mans with Meyer and celebrate, and even make as Alma model crown. One reason that Mackintosh got such a distorted view of Carver, was that he relied mainly on the Booker T. Washington papers for his information. And one thing Carver was not, was compatible with Booker T. Washington. The two men shared a great mutual respect for one another, but they also had strong personalities that clashed on a regular basis. All Washington was particularly disappointed in Carver seeming lack of, total lack of administrative abilities. Their relationship was stormy, and marched by repeated exchanges of, resignation threats and ultimatums. And this is what Mackintosh was relying on. These documents you might say. But if the heights of one of their battles, Booker T. Washington wrote a letter that aired a long list of grievances against Carver, but also noted, \"You are a great teacher, a great lecturer, a great inspirer of young men, and old men.\" Washington listed other strengths heal by Carver. But today I wanna focus on Carver the teacher, or the inspirer of young men, and old men. Carver's educational background and personality interacted with, the conditions that he found in rural Alabama. To produce a philosophy and method of teaching that, truly met Booker T. Washington's goal of making education common. Washington frequently used that term, \"making education common,\" to describe education geared to the needs of the masses. The term also referred to the need to make instruction appropriate to the intended audience. In a number of settings, was a diverse types of students. George Washington Carver displayed a rare gift for making education common. He certainly understood the hardships, that poor African-Americans faced in acquiring an education. He personally spent over a dozen years wandering through the Midwest, seeking education. Yet when he enrolled at Simpson college in 1890, he was about 25 years old, and did not have the equivalent of a high school degree. Yeah, when he transferred to Iowa State in 1891, Carver was an outstanding student. Once again he impressed the people around him with his unusual talents and gifts. The school's leading expert in mycology or the study of fungi, called Carver, \"The best best collector I ever had in the department or have ever known.\" Another faculty member noted, \"In cross cross-fertilization and the propagation of plants, Carver is by all means the ablest student we have here. Except for the respect that I owe the professors, I would say he's fully abreast of them, and exceeds in special lines in which he has taste.\" Because of his outstanding abilities. Carver was asked to pursue post-graduate work here at Iowa State, and was employed to be in charge of the greenhouse and to teach freshmen botany. Apparently from the very beginning, Carver displayed a gift for teaching. As a botany assistant, Carver won the respect and admiration of his white pupils. One of his students who later became a professor in the College of Agriculture at the University of Wisconsin, wrote a letter of gratitude in 1941. He thanked Carver for interesting him in botany, and noted that he sold himself a certain plant without thinking of Carver. In 1948 the same student declared that Carver was his best teacher, and one who displayed an unusual gift, for guiding students to discover things for themselves, rather than telling them everything. Carver's ability to inspire and instruct was extended beyond the students under his immediate charge at Iowa State. One of the professors, Henry C. Wallace, had a precocious six year old son named Henry A. Wallace. Carver allowed the young Wallace to go with him and his rambles through the woods and shared with the boy the mysteries of nature. Wallace, who later became renowned for his plant breeding and for his service as Secretary of Agriculture and vice president under Franklin D. Roosevelt, credited Carver with giving him his first and lifelong interest in plants. He called Carver, \"The kindliest most most patient teacher I ever knew.\" And declared, \"He could cause a little boy to see the things which he saw when a grasped flower.\" When Carver arrived on the Tuskegee Campus in 1896, He was armed with an advanced degree from one of the nation's leading agricultural colleges. And with teaching experience, he quickly learned however that Tuskegee normal and industrial Institute was not Iowa State. Iowa State was a college and accepted only high school graduates. Tuskegee students range from the fifth grade through high school, and many were barely literate. Carver's curriculum at Iowa State was heavily weighted in the sciences and in theory courses. Booker T. Washington believed academic classroom should be, classroom work should be of secondary supportive nature to the actual practice of the vocation. In Washington's educational schemes the students, they were not only to get experience in their trade or vocation, but their work was to actually supply the physical needs of the school. After the civil war African-Americans in the South were eager to taste the forbidden fruit of education. They made incredible sacrifices, and to educate themselves and their children. The more gifted unfortunate could and did benefit from higher education. But many were so immeshed in poverty and ignorance, that they had to be fore taught basic survival skills first. The teaching methods used at Iowa State were hardly appropriate for this task. And it is a measure of Carver's greatness as a teacher, that he was able to be as effective under conditions at Tuskegee, as he had been at Iowa State. Numerous elements of Carver's personality combined to make him a tremendously effective educator and speaker. He did not possess polished oratorical skills. In fact his voice was often described as high pitched and squeaky. But he did have a highly developed sense of showmanship. He usually spoke in applying conversational tone, and in both his public lectures and in the classroom. And he usually sprinkled his course with subdued humor and understated dramatic examples. The impact of his speaking techniques, was often incredible. One listener vowed, \"You are the most seductive being I know, capable of making yourself loved by all the world when you choose.\" At the heart of Carver's success was his enthusiasm for his subject, and a rather unique perspective on that subject. Whether the course was labeled botany, chemistry or agriculture, what Carver taught was an appreciation of the miracles and beauties of nature. To Carver the great creative forces of the universe were divine in origin. And people who attuned themselves to these forces, could harness their power and become agents, for the creation of the miraculous. To study agriculture was to study one, one means of harnessing the forces of nature for the benefits of human beings. Carvers lectures on even the most mundane subject, became religious as well as educational experiences. In Carver's philosophy, nature was a great teacher. An understanding and appreciation of natural phenomenon and forces, led one to a clearer perception of all great truths. Nothing existed in a cover, in a vacuum to Carver. Everything was an integral part of the great home. Therefore, when a student really understood one phenomenon, he could easily be led to understand all related phenomenon. Learning Carver, stressed should be structured to, lead a student from, what he already knew, to the nearest related unknown. Matter of fact he defined education as the process of understanding relationships. Carver believed the best means, for teaching relationships, was what he called the group method. By which students were not taught abstract precepts of the various sciences and in isolation. Instead one particular object, like the cow pea, was studied in depth, and the student was shown how the various natural forces, which were usually taught separately in chemistry, mineralogy, botany, entomology and such courses, all came together in the production of a single plant. He believed when a student thoroughly understand, understood the processes that created a cow pea, he could readily grasp how those forces affected other phenomenon. His approach to teaching displayed Carver's self ordained role as a generalist in an age of specialization. Such an approach was highly effective in meeting the needs of the average Tuskegee student. Another ingredient in Carver's teaching formula, which increased his effectiveness, was his belief that a student could more readily understand what could be seen and touched, than an abstract idea. Every day before breakfast, Carver went out and rambling in the woods and fields. On these trips he declared, he communed with his creator. He also collected specimens of plants, fungus and minerals, which he often used as classroom examples. In his lectures, he used these and other physical objects to illustrate natural processes. For example, the roots of the cow pea were used, to explain nitrogen fixation. Well this kind of crop was fairly obvious. However, often he used intriguing objects, to convey abstract ideas and values. One of the key ideas in Carver's philosophy, was that nature produced no waste. Instead what many called waste raised products, resulted from the failure of human beings to apply their intelligence to the use of natural resources. To illustrate this idea, Carver sometimes displayed a mass of tangled knotted string that had been thrown away as useless. He would then produce another batch of old string which had been neatly tied and wound, rewound, able to be used again for its original purposes. Ignorance, Carver would declare was like the tangled mass of string, while intelligence brought order and usefulness. Carver also believed that the best teacher was a guide rather than a dispenser of knowledge. Students should be inspired to learn on their own by actively engaging in the educational process. Learning this way became a lifelong adventure. His botany classes competed against each other, one another in collecting specimens of species, within a specific generic family. Students were encouraged to conduct experiments, and engage in special projects on their own. So unlike Thomas and Campbell, took up Carver's challenges with enthusiasm. Campbell who later became the first, black agricultural demonstration agent employed by the US Department of Agriculture, used his spare time to put together a home skeleton for the agricultural museum. One activity that Carver especially urged was the collecting and identifying, of various kinds of specimens. Because he wanted his students to observe and to learn from the things around them. Students often brought their specimens to Carver, for identification and explanation. And they were continuously astonished at the breadth of his knowledge. It became a kind of game to stump the professor. Finally one group of boys, decided to trick Carver. By constructing a new species of insect, from miscellaneous parts of various bums. To their go slot into their delighted dismay, the professor quickly correctly identified it. He pronounced it, \"A humbug.\" Above all else, Carver's own reverence for the miracles of nature inspired students. Things once taken for granted became, exciting and miraculous when explained by Carver. On botany heights, students listened not only to generic, identifications but also to recitations of Greek poetry. His enthusiasm was genuine, and infectious. He once organized an all night vigil to witness the flowering of a rare blooming plant. His message was clear, beauty and meaning are within the reach of even the most impoverished. The effectiveness of Carver's classroom techniques, led Washington frequently call upon him to lecture to his fellow teachers on how to improve their methods. Once the parents will even ask him to meet with the day libraries on campus in order to instruct them and inspire them to better service. Carver was also encouraged to put his methods in Whiting for the use of others. His ideas were outlined in several nature study leaflets, which gave simple instructions for teaching nature study courses in rural schools. In the beginning, the first leaflets stated, every teacher should realize that a very large proportion of every true student's work, must be outside of the classroom. Describing his group method, Carver gave many practical exercises to get the students to observe their surroundings and to think for themselves. In 1910, he again incorporated his ideas in a bulletin, nature study and gardening for rural schools. He preached that a garden should be constructed connected with every school, and that every child should be involved in the study of nature or agriculture. He declared, \"Nature study is agriculture and agriculture is nature study if properly taught. Learning about plants and how to cultivate them, was valuable for everyone,\" Carver declared. For even if the child does not become an agriculturalist or a farmer, these things all have the tendency to make a child think. And that's what we're trying to teach him, the thing. Carver often stressed that teachers had a duty to take a personal interest in students, especially those who seem rather dull, and are from any calls behind in their studies. Practicing what he preached, his interests extended far beyond the classroom and included all students, not merely those in agriculture. He lived in one of the boys dormitories, Rockefeller Hall. And that made him accessible to all male students in curriculums from printing to plumbing. Many availed themselves of this opportunity, and they found Carver a warm and willing listener to their problems. His advice was given with so much love, understanding and humor, that it was long remembered by students. Some of his advises up their own exhibit I noticed. Ask about marriage he would tell the boys to get yourself a bird cage before you take under yourself a canary. At the core of his advice however, was this admonition to be as wise as the serpent and as harmless as a dove. He tried to get his children as he called them, to learn to respect themselves and others. He told each to become a person who never, who neither looks up to the rich, nor down on the poor, and who takes his share of the world, and lets other people have theirs. Self-respect requires living up to one's potential, and Carver employed a number of devices to encourage students to do their best. His love and faith in them were powerful influences, but he also use whipped to break down barriers, to self-fulfillment. Constantly teasing them about being worthless. He often hinted that he might be forced to take drastic action if they did not improve. His children, frequently were handicapped by poverty and discrimination, but Carver believed that limited visions and narrow horizons were seriously restricting, and could be more easily changed. He wanted his students to look beyond the known, and to seek new answers to old problems. This all notion Carver wrote of swallowing down other people's ideas and problems just as they have worked them out, without putting our brains and originality into it, and making them applicable to our specific needs must go. And the sooner we let go, the sooner we will become a free and independent people. Espousing Booker T. Washington's doctrine that achievement helped to bring acceptance. Carver constantly urged young blacks, to do the common things in an uncommon way. He lamented the fact that too few African-Americans had made themselves important economic and social forces in society, and encouraged them to change that condition. Declaring, \"We must get hold of the soul, and work ourselves into an indispensable part and parcel of this great body politics. At the present time we are too parasitic. If we should drop out of existence, the world would not be sufficiently jarred to cause much of a tremor. We must change that, so that if such a jar should come upon us, the whole world would feel it and suffer accordingly.\" Carver realized that many obstacles to black success resulted from white racism, and not black weakness. But he warned his students not to use that as an excuse, for failure. In 1908 he wrote, \"in these strenuous times we're likely to become morbid, and look constantly upon the dark side of life, and spend entirely too much time considering and rooting over what we can't do, rather than what we can do. And instead of growing morose and despondent over opportunities either real or imaginary that are shut from us. Let us rejoice at the many unexplored fields in which there is unlimited fame and fortune, to the successful explorer, and upon which there is no color or line. Simply the survival of the fittest.\" significantly the article urged African-Americans to engage in plant breeding, to develop improved species. Carver's own success in this field made him optimistic. If African-Americans were directed to explore the unknown they could become like a wind. The so-called Darwinian struggle for survival. Carver was a dreamer and an idealist, although confrontation with the harsh realities of racism, later dimmed his optimism. He could never entirely share his faith in a just universe. Such a belief was central to his religion. And it was this vision and faith that Carver sought most earnestly to impart to his children. His was a joyous religion of love that went far beyond the protestant work ethic, or the fear of eternal damnation. As a result, students who had previously found religion repressive sought out Carver for Bible discussions. Carver's Sunday evening Bible class grew out of the student enthusiasm. In February of 1907, seven students asked Carver, to help them organize a Bible class, to be held during a 35 minute break, between Sunday supper and evening chapel services. When the first meeting convened in a room in a library, about 50 students came to hear professor Carver discuss the creation story. The creation was explained in the light of, natural and reveal religion and geological truths, using maps, charts, plants and geological specimens as illustrations. Three months later, the attendance climbed to over 100. And continued to grow during the 30 years Carver taught the class. Despite the fact that students at Tuskegee, had very little free time, and were already required to attend, several religious services on Sunday. Many boys began rushing through supper in order to get good seats for Carver's voluntary Bible class. One student who had reluctantly attended his first class, later recalled that upon entering the room, smiling faces created an atmosphere of welcome. \"And for first time in my life, I was witnessing no gloom surrounding the Bible. I began to feel as if I had back home, when we went to a candy pooling party. Happy that I had come. But perhaps this happy feeling, that I now had would leave, and fear and gloom descend on me again as soon as the discussion of the Bible started.\" Well, fear and gloom were not part of Carver's religion. He spoke of an omnificent creator, who sought happiness in this life, to those who attuned themselves to his messages. Students were puzzled by carver's failure to mention God. And asked the professor if the creator, was the same as God. He assured them that God and the creator are one and the same. And explained, \"Our creator is the same and never changes, despite the names given to him by people here and in all parts of the world. Even if we gave him no name at all, he would still be there within us, waiting to give us good on this earth.\" Progress creators could not be limited or circumscribed by man's labels. Neither could he be threatened by the discoveries of science, to conquer the winners conflict between religion and science indeed, the creator revealed himself in his creations. And the more one learned about the universe, the more clearly one could perceive the creator. If Carver's creator was different from the old man in the sky of his students previous religious training, his explanations of heaven and hell, were especially enlightening to young men raised on fire and brimstone. He said, \"When our thoughts which bring actions are filled with hate against anyone, Negro or white, we are in a living hell. That is as real as hell will ever be. While hate for our fellow man puts us in a living hell, holding good thoughts for them, gives us an opposite state of living. One of happiness, success, peace. We are then in heaven.\" To Carver the creator was good, and evil was the result of people's failure to open themselves to this good. Evil was human beings creation. Goodness and love were God's. Therefore love was a more powerful force than hate. Such a philosophy was central to Carver's approach to racism, to return hate with hate seemed to Carver only to compound the problem and make the solution more difficult. For this reason, and not because he accepted Southern racial etiquette. Carver persistently refused to express, bitterness towards the whites South. When his Bible students, confronted him with statistics of related racial hate and violence, Carver responded with the story of David and Goliath to illustrate the power of love, to vanquish hate. He said fear of something is at the root of hate for others. And hate will eventually, within will eventually destroy the hater. Keep your thoughts free from hate. And you will have no fear from those who hate you. David the small was filled with truth, right thinking and Goodwill for others. Goliath represents one who let fear into his heart and stayed there long enough, to grow into hate for others. Undoubtedly, Carver was an idealistic dreamer. His optimistic faith sometimes put him out of touch with reality, both in the field of race relations, and the economic possibilities of some Southern resources like peanuts. Yet to African-Americans, grappling with the bleak conditions of the era called, the Nadir of the black experience. Carver offered a spark of hope, and a reason to continue the struggle. To a large number of students Carver gave more than inspiration. Many students might never have completed their studies at Tuskegee without the aid of loans either made personally, or co-signed for them. Carver spent little money on himself. He preferred to wear old clothes, and he made many of the articles he needed from waste products and natural resources. So that he constantly had, a good reserve of cash on hand. And with his reserve he preferred to make loans, rather than gift students. That way the money went further in. It didn't serve the initiative of the students. But he frequently made small monetary donations to those that he felt needed such help. As soon as graduation did not mean the end of carvers health and support. His children continued to turn to him for financial help. One asked father to talk to Santa Claus about a uniform he needed for his new school. Another wrote, Carver that he had passed the State exams and was ready to practice medicine, but that he needed an instrument for reading blood pressure. More important than direct financial aid however, were Carver's efforts to get students good jobs or further education. He operated to some degree as a one man employment bureau. And using his contacts throughout the South to obtain positions for worthy students. For the brighter students, he sought to secure scholarships to allow them to get a college education and directed several students incidentally here at Iowa State. In addition to, such a Carver continued to advise and inspire students after their departure from Tuskegee. He encouraged his children to keep in touch through correspondence. And those who wrote, Carver soon learned that they would receive prompt responses from the professor. Despite the many, many demands on his time. He always found the time to pin a personal reply, to all letters from students. It was not unusual for Tuskegee Faculty to urge former students to report their successes and problems. And many students were Washington and other teachers. Student letters to Carver however reveal a very special relationship. Carver obviously embodied the warmth and love of Parenthood more than the authority. Many of the other faculty members became kind of surrogate parents but Carver's was a particularly warm relationship. He said one Puerto Rican student wrote, \"I have not forgotten you because I remember the many times you played with me, and made my life while in Tuskegee happy.\" And he closed the letter with, \"Goodbye old Tom.\" Another student whom Carver had encouraged to go to Iowa State, opened his letter from this campus, with the salutation. \"Hello prof,\" and declared. \"You see I'm pretty near being a scientist myself. And as I have always had a hankering for being familiar with great folks, I take this Liberty in addressing you. Look out, I'll be calling you George first thing you know.\" Another student writing his intention of coming to a farmer's conference. Told Carver he planned to bring a gang, and sit in a position facing you so I can make faces at you. Since he was bringing his wife along he wrote, he intended to be dignified if possible. But he warned Carver if you start anything, my gang will take care of you. Even the respect all the students felt for Carver's genius was tempered by affection and warmth. In a letter to the professor, one student declared his ambition, \"With all my boasting of you, I must be frank and tell you that you are a most discouraging fellow. You see while at Tuskegee we were constantly urged to pick out some great souls whom we should strive to emulate. Unfortunately for me, I picked you out. And have been working my head off to get somewhere inside of you. But every time I round a big Ben and get a glimpse of your coat tail, nothing possesses you but to double your speed and finally emerge at the peak of some distant inaccessible mountain. Now young man, I'm getting good and tired of it. And if you want me to follow you any further you'll just have to slow down to some reasonable pace, that's all.\" Many student letters, mentioned spankings, beatings, or thrashings. One wrote, \"I suppose you really and truly feel like giving me a good spanking. Well you're used to be boy, is now at home with his wife. And feels it would take a pretty good man to handle him now.\" What such letters referred to was Carver's constant threats to beat his bad boys. And he occasionally administered mock thrashings by gently scuffling with his children. For many Tuskegee students, Carver's obvious love and interest instilled self-confidence, and spurred them to greater achievements. Carver's magic expended, beyond the Tuskegee classroom. He not only inspired the young black males of Tuskegee, but he also inspired young older men, and whites. Under Carver's leadership Tuskegee, established numerous extension activities to reach, the older farmers who could not attend school full time. Carver was apparently also seductive to older audiences. Those who participated in such extension efforts says, yearly farmers conferences, fares, agricultural institutes, short courses on agriculture, and the Jesup Wagon, a moveable school that went out the farmer's fields. Through such efforts as well as through his research at the Tuskegee Agricultural Experiment Station, and his agricultural bulletins, Carver did not single-handedly remake Southern agriculture. But he did improve the lives of 100s of poor landless sharecroppers, by making education common. Today I wish I could speak more on the extension activities of Carver, because he was very creative, and taught paints taking in trying to reach, the people who needed help the most, or the man further as down as he referred to them. In addition after his rise to fame, Carver descended on tours of white college campuses. By the YMCA and the commission on interracial cooperation. And they were using him in their efforts to improve race relations. And on these tours, Carver acquired some new children, some white children, and his family then became biracial. Carver's influence on these in his campus tours went far beyond the average chapel or assembly speaker for a number of reasons. First he insisted in settings that would, in which you could have personal contact with the students. Please make it clear, he wrote regarding one tour. That we prefer to meet with the students, rather than a small group of the elite at a dinner engagement. In addition, he truly liked young people, and could effectively communicate his affection and interest in them. To be sure they respected and admired Carver, but they also liked him. He was not merely a hero figure or a token black, he was a friend with whom they felt at ease. Their letters reflect the absence of barriers in their relationship with Carver. They poured out their most secret and personal problems and fears, knowing they could have be heard sympathetically, just as the Carver's black children had been. One white boy even admitted, that he had contracted syphilis to Carver. That's how personal their letters dag. They also felt free to tease the famous scientist often poking fun at both his inventiveness and his saintliness. For example one declared, \"I believe if you were marooned on a desert island, you would be busy teaching the fish to swim better. Or making them know ice cream out science first. It's a good thing you have peanuts, sweet potatoes, etc to work with, otherwise you would certainly be in more mischief than a half grown puppy.\" Another wrote in much anger, declaring his intention to provoke Carver to, swore his saintly lips by murmuring damn in hell. Those who traveled with Carver, had especially found remembrances. On one of the tours, on most of the tours he made in the late 1920s and 1930s, Carver was accompanied by young whites. This arrangement eased some of the burdens of travel but it created special problems. All travel had to be by automobile, and the cars were not always reliable. One participant wrote, \"We have trust in ourselves to all automobiles in some situations in which it seemed that our only hope lay in you're extracting some gasoline from nearby vegetation. Another difficulty was getting something to eat along the way. The solution was picnic lunches, that usually ended in nature lessons by Carver. On one occasion a pond was nearby and the 70 year old scientist joined his young colleagues in swimming, and splashing that inevitably followed. Often the schedule was too hectic to allow stopping to eat at all. And one participant later reminded Carver, of our sun which launches in the Buick at 50 miles per hour, Jim driving, swinging the old steering wheel right and left, you yelling for sardine sandwiches and me struggling in the back seat trying to spread the butter. These chips forged bonds of friendship that went beyond mere respect the Carver's genius. Traveling with an African-American also provided, his boys with firsthand knowledge of discrimination, making them aware as one noted. \"Of the many doors that neither you nor any member of your race could enter.\" Friendship with Carver not only opened their eyes to descri-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112951#t=0.0,2806.2"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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discouragement.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=177.04,181.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And another wrote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=181.96,183.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Marvelous are the miracles you have performed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=183.977,186.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the laboratory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=186.77,188.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but more marvelous still are the miracles you have wrought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=188.44,192.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the mind and heart of hundreds of men and women.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=192.14,196.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience claps)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=197.597,200.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. I've got my watch upside down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=207.15,208.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you want to take any time for some questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=209.86,212.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. If you're not in a hurry to leave,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=215.46,216.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll be glad to take any questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=216.89,219.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or answer any questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=219.02,221.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=223.794,224.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You commented about Carver's relationship to his students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=224.79,227.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we read about his relationship in Washington.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=227.75,230.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you have any insight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=231.74,232.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into his relationship with his peers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=232.92,234.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did he have collaborators,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=234.98,236.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people that he worked with in his programs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=236.39,238.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Um, Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=238.99,240.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That can be that can be a very complicated question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=241.94,244.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it depends upon which peers you're talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=244.51,247.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had very close ties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=247.6,249.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a number of white agriculturalists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=249.62,253.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were headed Agricultural Experiment Stations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=253.45,256.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=258.728,259.561"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Tuskegee Agricultural Experiment Station that he ran","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=259.561,264.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the only all black Agricultural Experiment Station.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=264.24,267.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to some extent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=267.3,268.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think he may be even gotten more 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Stations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=272.19,274.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he probably got even more attention because of his color","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=274.52,276.946"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than he would otherwise,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=276.946,278.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but he developed relationships with many of these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=278.19,281.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and was in correspondence with them on a regular basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=281.07,284.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some much more closely than others,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=284.237,287.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some resented,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=287.74,289.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were some white agricultural researchers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=289.14,291.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that resented the publicity that Carver got later on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=291.82,296.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but he did work very closely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=298.09,299.345"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with other agricultural scientists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=299.345,302.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He also,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=302.45,303.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you're talking about his fellow faculty members,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=307.18,309.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not sure what you're referring to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=309.87,312.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had some close 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some,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=320.27,322.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially in the early days,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=323.88,324.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was some resentment of Carver by other faculty 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year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=331.97,333.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And finally got a raise to a $1,200 a year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=334.81,338.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is what he was making when he retired,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=338.11,340.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when he died in 1943, so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=340.6,343.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But he got a larger salary,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=346.38,347.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he had more education from, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=347.96,350.357"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a predominantly white 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classes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=670.3,674.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but he was made, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=674.12,677.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he participated fully in all the campus activities as 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strong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=689.156,691.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"theoretical background in science here at Iowa state,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=691.04,694.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and yet at the same 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stains.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=929.37,932.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=932.077,934.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was no 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conflict.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=944.82,947.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mm-hmm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=949.6,950.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What motivated you to study Carver (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=950.433,953.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Um, that's kind of embarrassing to attempt to admit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=957.26,961.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a graduate student,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=963.3,964.694"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was interested in, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=964.694,967.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my field was African-American history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=967.55,969.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's what I was interested in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=969.18,971.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was in graduate school at Auburn University","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=971.07,973.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is 25 miles from Tuskegee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=973.15,975.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And all of Carver's papers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=976.3,978.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the bulk of Carter's papers are at Tuskegee,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=978.3,981.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which meant was about a 35 minute drive from where I live.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=981.17,984.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And my major professor discovered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=985.39,986.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there had been no scholarly biography done of Carver.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=986.95,990.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So he suggested it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=990.49,991.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I had really done my master's 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sociologist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=998.86,1000.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and an activist of some sort,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1000.28,1001.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had been a member of Du Bois' Niagara Movement and all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1001.58,1005.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this kind of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1005.5,1006.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I really, wasn't very excited","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1006.61,1008.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the Carver thing at first,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1008.1,1010.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I saw him","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1010.02,1012.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as basically that accommodationist achiever","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1012.03,1015.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was the stereotype that, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1015.03,1016.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's all I saw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1016.87,1018.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I just didn't think he would be a very interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1018.86,1021.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or inspiring person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1021.36,1022.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I was wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1022.56,1024.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I said, nobody came in contact with Carver","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1024.12,1026.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for very long without falling under his influence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1026.1,1028.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I had to work very hard to not be seduced myself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1028.48,1032.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I got into his private correspondence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1032.06,1034.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a fascinating man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1035.24,1036.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he was involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1036.7,1039.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in so many different kinds of activities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1039.06,1040.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's almost impossible to give a capsule of Carver,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1040.81,1044.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you know, I actually,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1045.1,1047.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did it for career purposes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1047.34,1049.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know what I mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1049.07,1049.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here was a major figure that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1049.903,1051.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whose papers were readily available.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1051.02,1052.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet I became so involved in it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1054.58,1056.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I really felt like he had moved into my house with me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1056.66,1060.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I joked around with some friends and said that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1060.93,1063.081"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I had this horrible luck with house plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1063.081,1066.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before I started working on Carver.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1066.0,1067.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They'd all die on me.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1067.42,1069.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then I said, \"Since I started working on Carver,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1069.36,1071.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're just flourishing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1071.46,1072.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm propagating new plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1072.44,1073.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all this sort of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1073.77,1074.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think Carver's spirit has moved in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1074.603,1076.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and is taking over my plants.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1076.29,1078.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of them pointed out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1078.6,1079.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"No, you probably have just been reading his bulletins.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1079.477,1081.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And have discovered that plants need water,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1081.71,1083.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sunshine and things like that.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1083.49,1085.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd like to thank Dr. McMurray for enlightening us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1094.157,1097.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on George Washington Carver,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1097.04,1098.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the man,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1098.99,1099.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the educator,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1099.95,1100.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teacher.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1100.84,1102.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I like to remind everyone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1102.29,1103.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there is another keynote address tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1103.51,1105.616"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a keynote address tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1105.616,1108.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Gloria Scott, the president of Bennett college,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1108.55,1112.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be speaking tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1112.47,1114.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her topic is \"Higher Education in A Democracy\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1114.43,1117.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it will be here also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1117.86,1119.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I encourage you to come back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1119.66,1121.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and join us then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1121.26,1122.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thanks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1122.18,1123.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=1123.013,1125.968"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26245/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/026/245/original/AV203979_George_Washington_Carver_b.vtt?1620841391","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/026/245/original/AV203979_George_Washington_Carver_b.vtt?1620841391"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26246","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203979_George_Washington_Carver_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952/transcript/26246/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- And I thought was right, but always, there comes the assurance you have created in me. From all over the South, white students wrote Carver of their efforts for racial justice. For example, one of Carver's girls led in the formation of a biracial study group at the women's college at North Carolina and wrote him of her hopes that it would act as a leavening lump in the student body. Often, the students wanted to go further than the college administrators would allow. From Texas Tech, came one such report. We have been informed by the president of the college that it is all right to discuss justice for the Negro, but we must be careful about discussing justice with the Negro. That would be admitting a quality which would not do in this part of the country. Significantly, many of the family continued their efforts towards racial justice long after leaving school. Several became liberal ministers. One argued for greater appropriations for black education in the Texas state legislature. Another wrote a prize winning editorial for the Roanoke Alabama leader in 1956, urging his readers to remember the precepts of Christianity in the midst of the racial turmoil that had struck that town. Numerous other children took stands, both large and small, against racial intolerance, and at least one risked his life for his beliefs. Howard Kester, one of Carver's children, embarked on many dangerous missions for brotherhood through his affiliations with the fellowship of reconciliation, The Socialist Party, the NAACP and other organizations. He investigated lynchings and aided black and white sharecroppers in forming a biracial Southern Tenant Farmers' Union in Arkansas. Such activities didn't endear him to Southern whites, and his life was frequently in jeopardy. So that, in so many occasions that Carver once told him how to prepare a suicide powder from a common plant. He later told me that he was glad he never had to use it and that Carver was one of the greatest influences on his life. Carver's influence as an inspirer of young men and of old men is an intangible but significant legacy. And one of the many things for which he should be remembered. As two of Carver's children wrote, \"To the world, you are known as one of the greatest of all scientists, but to your boys, you are known as the spiritual guide to whom each can turn in times of doubt and discouragement.\" And another wrote, \"Marvelous are the miracles you have performed in the laboratory, but more marvelous still are the miracles you have wrought in the mind and heart of hundreds of men and women.\" Okay. I've got my watch upside down. Do you want to take any time for some questions? Okay. If you're not in a hurry to leave, I'll be glad to take any questions or answer any questions. Aha.\r\n\r\n- You commented about Carver's relationship to his students and we read about his relationship in Washington. Do you have any insight into his relationship with his peers? Did he have collaborators, people that he worked with in his programs?\r\n\r\n- Um, Yes. That can be that can be a very complicated question because it depends upon which peers you're talking about. He had very close ties with a number of white agriculturalists that were headed Agricultural Experiment Stations. He, you know, the Tuskegee Agricultural Experiment Station that he ran was the only all black Agricultural Experiment Station. And to some extent, I think he may be even gotten more attention. He went to the meetings of the directors of Agricultural Experiment Stations and he probably got even more attention because of his color than he would otherwise, but he developed relationships with many of these and was in correspondence with them on a regular basis. Some much more closely than others, and some resented, there were some white agricultural researchers that resented the publicity that Carver got later on, but he did work very closely with other agricultural scientists. He also, if you're talking about his fellow faculty members, I'm not sure what you're referring to. He had some close relationships with some of the faculty members. They were, again, there was some, especially in the early days, there was some resentment of Carver by other faculty members because he was paid more than some of the other faculty members. He was paid an extravagant salary of a thousand dollars a year. And finally got a raise to a $1,200 a year, which is what he was making when he retired, when he died in 1943, so. But he got a larger salary, he had more education from, you know, a predominantly white school. And he also, when he first came to Tuskegee, he didn't plan on staying there. He was going to come in, it was sort of his mission field. He was going to come in and he was going to establish an education, an agricultural education program. And then he wanted to go on and return to his art or get his PhD in botany, one of the other. And he didn't make any bones about it, you know, when he came in so that he created some friction and he was asking for more space than the average faculty member because he had all of his fun guide and collections that he had and he needed places to do his art and things like that, so. And he tended to be somewhat of a loner. He had dozens and dozens of relationships that he maintained by correspondence with former students and these white students, but also with other agriculturalists that he came in contact with. Anybody who was around Carver or stayed in touch with Carver for very long, eventually became his friend. He had that sort of gift of turning acquaintances into friends and turning friends into disciples, to the large extent. Any other questions? Aha.\r\n\r\n- Could you talk about his experience at Iowa State?\r\n\r\n- Oh yeah. I even thought about just doing that, but I was trying to fit it into the theme of the week. He had mixed experiences here too. The student body was pretty much, pretty much supportive of Carver apparently from the records that survived. He did encounter some incidences of discrimination, but in many cases, the students stood up for him. One example that comes to mind was in the cafeteria. Carver came in and went over to a table that was occupied by a number of white students. Of course, all white students since he was the only black student that he knew and he went to sit down, and the student who was described as having newly arrived from the South that was sitting at the table, made this big show of gathering up all of his eating stuff and leaving the table when Carver sat down and went over and sat at another table. And according to the story, when he went and he sat at the other table, everybody at that table made a big show of rattling all their stuff together and getting up and leaving that table and leaving him sitting there by himself. So there were some, you know, Carver one-on-one was a very seductive personality and he was very active in campus affairs. He wrote the class poem, he acted in class plies, he was in the literary societies, he participated in, and he was a trainer for the football team, just about every kind of student activity. There does appear one line that students would not let him cross, whatever. And of course, that was dating and courtship or anything that resembled that. An interesting incident happened when the male literary society he was a member of was going to have a joint program with a female literary society. And they were going to make a processional into the hall with, a male member of one society escorting a female member of the other society. And the guest of honor was the governor of the state. And so they gave Carver the honor of escorting the governor, which of course solved the problem of not having him escort one of the white women in, but he apparently impressed faculty and students here from both via his personality and his talents. Mm-hmm.\r\n\r\n- Was he segregated from attending certain classes?\r\n\r\n- No.\r\n\r\n- Or having to sit outside or, I've heard different kinds of stories.\r\n\r\n- Nothing that I have seen in any of the records indicates that he was segregated in any of the classes. At first they had some housing problem arrangements. They didn't know what to do with him there. And they found a room for him that where he would be by himself, but, you know, there were, there was... He was more likely to, you know, to face unofficial discrimination in the eating establishments and all around, in the town and places like that, that's where most of any of the record of him being segregated or Jim Crow came was off campus when he was with fellow students going places. And they, you know, got very upset when that happened to him. But now he, not only, as I said, not only participated fully in all the classes, but he was made, you know, he participated fully in all the campus activities as well, except for courtship.\r\n\r\n- I have a question.\r\n\r\n- Mm-hmm.\r\n\r\n- You mentioned that Carver had a very strong theoretical background in science here at Iowa state, and yet at the same time, note that he was a deeply religious man. How did he reconcile these two things in his career? And secondly, did he ever rely upon religion to answer what he couldn't prove?\r\n\r\n- I think he was a very spiritual person. He did not have the kind of, any kind of fundamentalist religious orientation. He really never even had a denominational religious orientation. And consequently, as I said, he didn't see any conflict between his creator is what he called God, and science. His creator, apparently, was kind of an amorphous creative force. And he, incidentally, he was not forced to make a choice on this thing at Iowa state either because one of his professors was James Wilson, who later became the secretary of agriculture under McKinley and Taft and Roosevelt, and Wilson had the same sort of ideology. As a matter of fact, he and Carver, and several other students and faculty had regular prayer meetings together. So that, you know, Wilson, he was one of the leading professors here, also had that sort of orientation, which he explained. Now he, you got to understand when you tell you me that Carver and using, his use of science. I believe that, as I said before, if he had followed his scientific inclinations, he probably would have become involved in hybridization experiments and in mycology. Those were the things that he was particularly interested in at that time. When he got to Tuskegee, what he basically focused his attention in, was, you know, the horrendous plight that landless farmers and sharecroppers, and tenant farmers, and poor blacks in general faced in the rural South. And so what he practiced there was what he called cookstove chemistry. And he really didn't get involved in scientific theory and all of this kind of thing. Most of what his early work was, it was very practically oriented towards providing poor sharecroppers with items that they would have to pay money for. You know, that's how, he got known for all of the 300 and something uses of peanuts, and all of the usages of all of this, that, and the other, but he didn't really intend for them to be commercial products at first. What he was trying to do was to break the cycle of debt and poverty to help break it by, some of you may be aware of sharecropping and the whole cycle of debts and debt peonage and all, this kind of thing. And they were forced to borrow against their future crops in order to get things to live on and materials to grow. And that kept them trapped. And what he was intending to eat, for example, he got interested in peanuts first because it provided protein. It was a source of protein and most of these poor farmers couldn't afford meat. And it also did things for the soil, nitrogen fixation and things in the soil that he wanted done. He practiced natural fertilization of various kinds and he taught them how to use native plays to make paints and stains. And so, you know, there was no conflict. I mean, he wasn't doing the kind of highly specialized, as I said, he was a generalist in an age of specialization. He wasn't doing the high kind of highly specialized theoretical research in which they would have developed any kind of conflict. Mm-hmm.\r\n\r\n- What motivated you to study Carver .\r\n\r\n- Um, that's kind of embarrassing to attempt to admit. As a graduate student, I was interested in, you know, my field was African-American history, and that's what I was interested in. I was in graduate school at Auburn University which is 25 miles from Tuskegee. And all of Carver's papers, or the bulk of Carter's papers are at Tuskegee, which meant was about a 35 minute drive from where I live. And my major professor discovered that there had been no scholarly biography done of Carver. So he suggested it. And I had really done my master's thesis on another African-American at Tuskegee, Monroe Work, who was a black sociologist and an activist of some sort, had been a member of Du Bois' Niagara Movement and all, this kind of thing. And I really, wasn't very excited about the Carver thing at first, because I saw him as basically that accommodationist achiever that was the stereotype that, you know, and that's all I saw. And I just didn't think he would be a very interesting or inspiring person. And I was wrong. As I said, nobody came in contact with Carver for very long without falling under his influence. And I had to work very hard to not be seduced myself when I got into his private correspondence. He was a fascinating man. And he was involved in so many different kinds of activities. It's almost impossible to give a capsule of Carver, but you know, I actually, I did it for career purposes. You know what I mean? Here was a major figure that, whose papers were readily available. And yet I became so involved in it that I really felt like he had moved into my house with me. I joked around with some friends and said that, \"I had this horrible luck with house plants before I started working on Carver. They'd all die on me.\" And then I said, \"Since I started working on Carver, they're just flourishing, I'm propagating new plants, all this sort of thing. I think Carver's spirit has moved in and is taking over my plants.\" And one of them pointed out, \"No, you probably have just been reading his bulletins. And have discovered that plants need water, and sunshine and things like that.\"\r\n\r\n- I'd like to thank Dr. McMurray for enlightening us on George Washington Carver, the man, the educator, teacher. I like to remind everyone that there is another keynote address tonight, a keynote address tonight. Dr. Gloria Scott, the president of Bennett college, will be speaking tonight. Her topic is \"Higher Education in A Democracy\" and it will be here also. So I encourage you to come back and join us then. Thanks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41097/file/112952#t=0.0,1134.24"}]}]}]}