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judgments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=190.75,194.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The principle is that this is a very extensive nuclear war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=194.79,198.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There have been several studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=198.41,199.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made by many other authorities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=199.99,202.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A few of which have been even on a larger scale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=202.76,205.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than this one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=206.85,207.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this is a study of an extensive global war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=207.683,211.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Globally is not absolutely correct,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=211.89,213.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because as you will find out in a little while","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=213.7,216.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it will take place predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=216.18,220.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It will be extensive, but not completely all out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=220.23,223.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as I will explain later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=223.26,225.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"roughly 50% of the world's nuclear arsenal will be used.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=225.34,229.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before I go into that I would like to show you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=230.74,233.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the structure of my talk will be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=233.96,236.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will spend some time talking on the arsenals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=236.45,239.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is necessary in order to appreciate the real threat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=239.78,244.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the present standing of the nuclear arms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=244.78,248.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's also necessary if you were interested in following","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=248.63,251.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the debate on arms and disarmament.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=251.17,255.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will then also explain about the war scenario,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=255.2,258.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how it was devised.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=258.51,260.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the main part is defining environmental effects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=260.02,263.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The arsenals can be said to be dominated completely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=270.81,274.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the two gigantic superpowers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=277.97,280.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your own nation with it's ally and the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=280.16,283.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There're three other nations who have at the present time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=284.56,288.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nuclear war, and that is Great Britain, France and China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=289.76,292.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But their total number of arms 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tests,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=304.86,309.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they have not yet announced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=309.19,311.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they have nuclear 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Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=321.15,323.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a few more other countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=323.76,325.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I will perhaps come back to that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=328.69,332.078"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the spread of nuclear weapons a little later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=332.078,335.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have certainly encountered a few of the words","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=336.84,341.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you'll find in the press and in the media.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=342.6,345.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I like to explain a little what that is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=345.97,347.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it is essential to know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=347.79,350.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a few of the technical distinctions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=350.2,352.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You will hear about strategic and tactical weapons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=353.02,356.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are predominantly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=357.26,359.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can classify them according to four criteria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=361.75,364.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I've written down here what these are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=364.8,367.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They differ in range and precision.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=367.76,369.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They differ in carrier 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size.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=375.5,377.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I will go a little further into that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=377.57,379.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Strategic nuclear weapons have a very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=384.75,388.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wide range of operation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=388.14,390.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they can move from this continent to Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=390.3,394.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and from Europe to this side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=394.24,397.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the range is up to 7,500 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reads,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=407.96,410.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Circular Error Probability or Probable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=410.84,414.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that tells you how 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several,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=446.64,450.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two or three warheads.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=450.28,453.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is common in normal 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shell.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=461.16,462.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that will be the case in a nuclear fight as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=462.8,466.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The carrier systems are the very famous and often","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=467.81,472.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quoted intercontinental missiles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=472.14,473.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there're also submarine based missiles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=475.564,478.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there're are heavy bombers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=478.46,480.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are the three major carry types","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=480.0,482.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are being used in this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=482.36,486.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Soviet Union and the United 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enemy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=500.88,504.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the other side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=504.2,505.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are also key command centers like in this 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political","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=512.34,515.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and military decision making bodies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=515.41,518.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in this country of course, not only Washington DC,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=518.64,521.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but certainly many of the other major capital cities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=521.3,525.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this nation would be targeted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=525.04,527.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then the size of the weapon is measured in megatons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=528.43,532.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is a way of comparing the 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effect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=545.17,547.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other tactical weapons range from one to 20 megaton.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=547.7,550.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll comment on that figure a little later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=552.56,555.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The tactical weapons are short range,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=555.04,558.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they are for very close range 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you're","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=575.08,578.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"completely metric in your thinking yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=578.09,580.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are launched by short range missiles, by 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ports,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=595.6,597.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can also target these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=597.97,600.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the industry's full deposits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=601.72,604.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these weapons are smaller.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=604.21,606.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They go down to a hundred ton and up to one megaton.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=606.7,610.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These distinctions between the classes of weapons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=612.18,615.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not essential for this study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=615.0,617.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because nature and man reacts the same way regardless","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=617.34,621.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if your enemy has labeled it strategic and tactical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=622.8,625.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is a very essential point to understand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=625.92,629.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that for us human beings, it is absolutely irrelevant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=629.24,633.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what type of weapon our enemies will be using,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=633.24,638.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we will suffer the same consequences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=638.77,641.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we should look at a few figures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=642.24,644.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=647.69,650.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Soviet Union's strategic arsenal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=650.75,654.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is the number of warheads and it is the megatonnage,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=656.34,660.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which means the total energy stored in these weapons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=660.61,664.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What you can see from this figures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=665.96,667.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without getting into detail","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=667.25,668.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that these figures between the two superpowers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=668.61,671.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do not balance exactly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=671.66,673.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but are of the same order of magnitude.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=673.48,675.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we say that the arms race has reached,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=676.5,679.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since very long time, a situation of stalemate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=679.02,682.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The two powers have roughly the same powers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=682.81,685.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The numbers are essentially though,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=685.76,687.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there are about 18,000 strategic warheads in total.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=687.26,692.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the total charge carried is 7,500 megatons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=692.07,696.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The tactical weapons are many, many more,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=697.54,700.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they sum to about 35,000,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=700.05,703.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not completely evenly distributed between the powers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=703.16,706.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the total charge is about 4,500 megaton.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=706.98,711.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we sum this together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=712.24,713.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we get to two rather important figures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=713.89,716.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the total number of warheads,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=716.49,719.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"53,000 and the total energy stored, 12,000 megaton.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=719.27,724.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some other important figures are that the arms race","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=727.77,731.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is going on at a surprisingly high speed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=731.35,736.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the present time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=736.38,737.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These figures were due about 12 months ago or 10 months ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=737.74,742.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And already these figures should be augmented by about 10%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=742.44,746.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For the next two years to come until the mid of 1985,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=746.68,750.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we will have to add another 20%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=750.52,753.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we can say that in 1985,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=753.77,756.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we will be roughly at about 70,000 warheads.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=756.02,760.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The two superpowers have changed their strategy a little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=761.65,765.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the last years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=765.53,766.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they tend to go to more warheads","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=766.46,769.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a little less charge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=769.52,771.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It means that it's predominantly this figure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=772.02,773.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the number of warheads that is increasing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=773.87,776.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This figure might not increase too much,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=776.4,780.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this increment up to 70,000 weapons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=780.71,784.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to be bore in mind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=784.4,785.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now let's look at this figure and see what it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=787.01,789.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"12,000 megatons is an absolutely unbelievable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=790.4,794.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"amount of explosive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=794.47,796.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It equals about one million bombs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=796.06,799.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the type dropped on Hiroshima in August, 1945.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=799.35,803.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as you certainly have heard of before,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=803.11,805.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these weapons harvested an enormous amount of lives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=805.69,809.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and just to scale this up with the factor of 1 million","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=809.85,813.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is an unbelievable increment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=813.56,817.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we divide 12,000 megatons by the number of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=817.1,820.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on this earth, roughly 4,000 million people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=820.97,825.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we get about 3000 kilograms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=825.85,827.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a little more than 6,000 pounds explosives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=827.91,831.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"per human being.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=831.27,832.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is very much, you're probably not familiar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=832.72,835.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with conventional explosive techniques,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=835.82,838.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I can tell you a little what you can do with that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=838.13,840.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'll take two rather drastic examples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=840.49,843.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example in Tehran, in Iran last October,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=845.1,849.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was one of these very frequent terror deeds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=849.78,853.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when an explosive was put in a car parked outside a hotel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=853.42,858.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this car was busted as you say in this country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=858.43,861.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the hotel collapsed and about 80 people were killed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=861.14,864.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they used about 150 kilograms of explosives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=864.4,868.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It means that we could all of us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=868.68,870.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do about 20 such explosions, all of us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=870.37,874.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And not just we here in this room,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=874.1,875.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but everybody over the whole world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=875.36,878.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you consider blowing up submarines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=879.07,882.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we do occasionally around the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=882.09,886.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can say that 3000 kilogram is enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=886.82,889.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to blow up and destroy five large submarines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=889.46,894.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provided that you find the boats,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=894.71,897.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has turned out to be a surprisingly difficult thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=897.09,900.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=900.76,901.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that as effect is quite important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=906.51,909.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it adds an important feature to the nuclear strategies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=909.65,914.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it has been worldwide recognized that the events","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=915.61,919.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that happened in our home country last year is an indication","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=919.42,923.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the efficiency of the submarine as a weapon system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=923.48,926.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that it is carefully studied in this country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=926.94,930.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it is for obvious reasons by the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=930.5,934.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this amount of explosive is so overwhelming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=935.62,938.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it is difficult to understand it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=938.67,940.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me put it in some other figures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=940.56,942.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The eight most violent war years in Vietnam","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=946.18,951.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comprise a total yield of four megatons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=954.41,957.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That means that this ammunition is enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=958.06,960.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for 3000 Vietnam Wars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=960.01,962.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One American B-52 Bomber carries roughly 10 megatons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=965.12,970.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when it has it's full charge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=971.8,973.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It means that each individual aircraft at this time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=973.26,978.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"carries more explosives than have been used in all wars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=978.0,981.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at all times, at all places over this earth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=981.32,984.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including the Vietnam War and all subsequent smaller,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=984.54,988.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so-called smaller wars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=988.04,989.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is in one of those machines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=989.6,990.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you have hundred of these.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=990.99,992.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now let's see, what is it that preserves us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=996.31,1000.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from nuclear war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1000.18,1001.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it is something that we call the doctrine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1001.52,1004.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the doctrine has a very becoming acronym MAD,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1005.477,1008.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which means Mutual Ascertained Destruction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1008.98,1012.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in Europe we call that the terror balance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1012.56,1015.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this has been established since almost,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1015.74,1019.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, more than 25 years because the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1019.67,1023.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got their nuclear weapons in the mid 50s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1023.16,1026.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the arms race has always been aiming,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1026.8,1030.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from both sides at maintaining this MAD doctrine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1030.04,1033.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there are improvement in the weapon systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1034.98,1037.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that may lead to an offensive doctrine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1037.75,1040.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this country the present administration,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1041.0,1045.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including your president and ex Secretary of Defense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1045.027,1050.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no he's the present, Mr. Weinberger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1051.09,1053.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and former Secretary of State, Mr.Haig,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1053.58,1058.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have all made public statements about the possibility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1058.31,1062.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the likelihood for your nation to go more offensive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1062.55,1067.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it is believed by the present administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1067.39,1071.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a nuclear war could be fought and won.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1071.73,1075.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Similarly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1075.29,1076.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Soviet Union have recently made similar statements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1076.123,1080.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this means that the doctrine of the balance may change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1080.24,1085.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if one of the two sides get to a point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1086.57,1090.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where it is believed that war could be fought and won,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1090.14,1094.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that could lower the threshold for a nuclear war to occur.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1094.79,1099.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There have been several studies of this in Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1100.36,1102.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the present general meaning is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1102.92,1106.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neither the United States nor the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1106.93,1109.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually have such a strategic or tactical grasp","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1109.98,1114.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the situation that a war would be fightable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1116.17,1119.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if politicians and military leaders believe they have,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1119.4,1122.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is equally dangerous to the peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1122.79,1127.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, let me talk about the war scenario a little while.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1128.087,1131.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The scenario was designed, predominantly to elucidate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1133.0,1136.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the effects upon nature and man,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1136.88,1139.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"therefore it is not a military study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1140.56,1142.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it has some special features that you will not find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1142.88,1146.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a typical military survey of this problematic area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1146.39,1149.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, a few strategic areas were designated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1150.57,1155.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and these were for obvious reasons, North America, Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1155.27,1158.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Soviet Union, and every strategic types of targets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1158.237,1161.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was population targets, military targets and economical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1161.8,1165.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Population targets have normally been excluded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1166.73,1169.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from previous studies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1169.81,1172.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But as a matter of fact when you want to 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targeted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1178.22,1180.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The targets were all cities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1181.879,1184.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Canada,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1184.67,1188.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all important military installations, all airfields.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1189.32,1192.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was necessary to designate this vast amount of targets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1193.94,1198.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just to be able to use up some of the warheads.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1199.1,1202.319"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The number that I mentioned 53,000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1202.319,1205.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is much more than there are targets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1205.45,1207.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And even with this rather limited, if you may say so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1207.51,1210.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ambition of the war scenario,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1211.48,1213.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they could not find use for more than about 15,000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1213.27,1217.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the warheads.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1217.13,1218.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it means that that is a horrifying margin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1218.49,1222.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the wrong side sort of if these estimates are too low.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1223.61,1227.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also minerals and ores of interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1228.57,1231.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a conventional war situation were targeted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1231.96,1235.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and strategic sounds could be targeted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1235.39,1239.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because that would then disrupt the Naval communications.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1242.74,1246.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are about 20 such strategic sounds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1246.76,1250.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around the globe in this study.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1250.94,1253.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With this set of target 97% of all warheads will be used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1254.09,1258.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Northern Hemisphere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1258.72,1260.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we take a little closer look on the targets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1261.47,1263.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what they are, we'll see that in my own country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1263.94,1267.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have roughly 40 designated targets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1267.64,1271.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is essential for people at home to know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1271.86,1274.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are a non allied nation and therefore we have something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1275.46,1279.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I would call an ostrich philosophy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1279.21,1282.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We believe that because we're non allied,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1282.02,1283.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we will also stay in peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1283.87,1285.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like we have been fortunate to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1285.56,1287.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last two major wars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1287.75,1290.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in this study no country is safe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1290.1,1292.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United Kingdom, which I recently visited","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1293.77,1296.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has more than 100 designated targets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1296.38,1299.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And your own country has so many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1299.2,1301.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it was difficult for me to count them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1301.6,1303.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there're certainly many, many hundreds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1303.63,1305.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're 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uses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1373.14,1377.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plus the security system of your own country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1379.628,1382.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of course that of the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1382.87,1385.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The time span of this war is rather short","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1386.027,1391.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it is found in the study that the effects upon man","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1391.879,1395.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and nature is rather independent of the speed of the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1395.36,1400.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore it is a short 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weeks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1406.27,1409.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and up to one year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1409.41,1410.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it seems like the environmental effects are practically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1410.243,1414.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same regardless of how fast the war is fought.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1414.33,1417.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So therefore it is believed that it's gonna be a very vital","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1417.46,1421.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and short war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1421.85,1424.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's say not more than a week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1424.47,1426.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The effects are such that the war will come to a halt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1427.02,1431.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is 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then,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1438.06,1439.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before I tell you what the finds are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1439.43,1441.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the essential feature with this study is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1441.74,1444.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is a scientific study of the environmental effects,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1444.9,1447.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is not a military 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scientists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1464.19,1466.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two British scientists, and one American woman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1466.66,1470.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She happened to be the editor at the present time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1470.0,1472.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this journal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1472.59,1474.198"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The journal is written in English and it is funnily 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English","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1481.72,1484.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they were refereed in the way that we normally do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1484.79,1488.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with scientific 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Stockholm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1492.42,1496.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The contributions come, one third come from this country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1496.4,1500.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one third come from Great Britain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1500.36,1503.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the rest is from France,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1503.07,1505.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the two Germany's and from the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1505.29,1507.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think it is essentially realized that the study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1507.86,1510.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was spread deliberately among the nations to show the idea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1510.03,1515.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make a scientific study which is not limited","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1516.35,1519.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the normal Warsaw Pact, NATO thinking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1519.443,1524.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore it strongly diverges from many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1525.69,1529.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the military studies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1529.33,1530.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now let's see what will happen to man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1532.95,1535.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the Northern Hemisphere with those targeted areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1536.35,1539.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there're about 1,300 million people living.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1539.25,1543.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of these 750 Million people will be dead within 24 hours.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1544.29,1549.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these two figures together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1551.33,1552.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"constitute an absolutely ungraspable problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1554.46,1558.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So many dead in such a short time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1559.43,1562.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is difficult and impossible as a matter of fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1562.25,1565.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to suggest any practical solution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1565.34,1568.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what to do with all those dead people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1568.44,1570.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A few comparative figures I like to mention is for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1571.89,1575.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the second World War","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1575.62,1576.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"harvested about 50 million dead people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1576.93,1580.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is 15 times as many, but that was in six years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1580.93,1584.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is in one day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1584.56,1585.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States troops found in the Vietnam War","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1588.59,1592.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the task of taking care of their fallen comrades,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1592.42,1596.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the dead and their bodies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1596.45,1598.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is an unbelievably difficult thing to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1598.07,1600.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And with the statistic from the Vietnam War,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1600.98,1603.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would take about 3000 weeks to bury these people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1603.36,1608.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is quite a number of years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1611.01,1612.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it means that that problem is absolutely unprecedented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1614.06,1617.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No catastrophe in mankind has ever been near those figures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1617.97,1622.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, in the mid 14th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1623.39,1625.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the great plague went over Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1625.59,1628.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 2 million people were killed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1628.28,1630.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is the greatest sickness, sort of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1630.16,1633.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has spread all over the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1633.57,1635.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is just marginally nothing compared to this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1635.67,1639.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then there would be about 350 million people injured,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1640.27,1643.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaving us with something like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1644.33,1645.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"200 million so-called survivors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1645.88,1648.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's take a look at those people who are injured,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1649.93,1652.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what will happen to them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1652.41,1654.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we can say that the vast majority of these people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1654.39,1658.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will die an untimely death.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1658.06,1661.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that means that that the statistics for their lifetime","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1661.03,1664.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is shortened to not more than 20 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1664.9,1668.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a matter of fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1668.29,1669.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the majority of these people will be dead within one year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1669.123,1673.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which will add to the enormous problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1673.06,1675.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I just mentioned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1675.24,1676.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The reasons for these people to die","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1678.22,1680.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are three general classes of events.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1680.48,1684.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The infection diseases will emerge again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1684.53,1688.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things that are completely exterminated here and in Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1688.47,1692.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like typhoid fever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1692.01,1696.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there're many, what we call exotic or tropic diseases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1696.21,1700.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will propagate and spread epidemically very fast","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1700.05,1704.252"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after such a war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1704.252,1705.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The number of cancer diseases will also increase alarmingly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1706.643,1710.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the radiation effects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1710.58,1712.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then there's something that the medical people 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lakes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1967.0,1970.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and these are completely unprotected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1970.68,1972.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is quite common in 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years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1994.17,1996.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you have to drink within that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=1996.61,1998.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It means that it gets into animals and 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it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2006.55,2008.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it causes cancer effects,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2008.51,2011.659"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is not a very rapid 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ocean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2041.8,2043.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because the fighting action does not take place over water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2043.99,2048.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also the dilution effect in the ocean is rather 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globe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2056.55,2057.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will be not seriously affected, only heavily.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2057.383,2061.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can say the deep sources of 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earlier,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2074.47,2077.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the growing plankton, the phytoplankton,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2077.42,2081.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the green plankton,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2081.76,2082.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which contributes a lot to the oxygen production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2082.593,2085.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this globe will be immediately killed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2085.21,2088.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore the zooplankton that feed on these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2088.82,2091.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will get killed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2091.9,2093.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the fish will get killed and coastal fishing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2093.73,2097.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is essential in my home country and in this country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2097.85,2101.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all over the world will be strongly affected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2101.41,2104.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So your diet may be lobster, oyster,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2104.66,2108.646"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the clams and the like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2108.646,2112.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these are the less sensitive sort of 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Who will deliver it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2174.95,2177.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it means that the agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2177.97,2179.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if the plants themselves are not immediately 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changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2198.88,2203.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the kind of yields and crops that we get.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2204.48,2208.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in general, agriculture will be 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fires","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2215.53,2218.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also by radiation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2218.75,2220.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It turns out that trees are surprisingly 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firs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2239.9,2241.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are particularly subject to this kind of disturbance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2241.89,2246.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the destruction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2247.98,2249.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can say that all these effects will roughly mean that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2249.75,2253.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two thirds of the food production of this globe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2253.233,2256.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be immediately disrupted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2256.59,2259.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is so that on the Northern Hemisphere,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2259.5,2261.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about a fourth of the population of this earth is living,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2261.43,2266.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we produce two thirds of all food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2266.63,2269.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't eat all of that, but we export a little of it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2269.61,2272.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we eat much more of course as you 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production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2277.28,2279.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's another drastic and peculiar effect,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2279.91,2282.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the great number of dead 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freedom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2437.24,2440.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which they call socialism to protect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2440.01,2442.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can say that these basic 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that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2471.81,2473.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will protect their own stockpiles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2473.64,2476.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we can be 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war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2489.889,2493.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it means that there will be a tremendous stream of refugees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2493.88,2498.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into our area of the world, just to get shelter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2498.33,2501.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is not contaminated and to get food and drink.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2501.56,2505.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it means that the regimes that have to 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look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2520.9,2523.798"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much, much different to what we can consider.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2523.798,2527.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there is at least one major 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around,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2547.55,2552.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the total breakdown","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2552.79,2555.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the physical constructions around you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2555.11,2557.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That that is not a climate or very good spirits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2557.68,2561.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example medical 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Britain,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2573.0,2574.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is being published this very month","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2574.24,2576.662"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the medical 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children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2653.78,2655.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if they get children,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2655.53,2656.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they will have a whole set of genetic 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years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2662.92,2667.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore you can say that the effects will be noticeable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2667.22,2670.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for at least a hundred 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exist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2677.09,2678.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The planet as such, physically will exist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2680.57,2682.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but society as we think of it, will not be there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2682.88,2687.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it is so difficult to understand or to imagine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2689.16,2694.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what it will look like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2695.48,2696.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the study tells us that whatever the survivors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2696.68,2700.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be facing, it is something unimaginable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2700.71,2703.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and very unpleasant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2704.27,2706.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I haven't more than barely mentioned the word of peace","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2708.09,2712.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this talk and I would stop now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2712.41,2714.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I would say that as Dr. Franson mentioned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2714.96,2719.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in his introduction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2720.02,2721.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had asked him and his wife, Susan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2721.55,2724.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to if possible, make this opportunity for me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2724.58,2729.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or to arrange for me to speak here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=2729.28,2731.03"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22656/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/656/original/AV203310_Environmental_Effects_of_Nuclear_War_a.vtt?1613498297","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/656/original/AV203310_Environmental_Effects_of_Nuclear_War_a.vtt?1613498297"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22657","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203310_Environmental_Effects_of_Nuclear_War_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695/transcript/22657/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Welcome back to Ames friend and colleague, Dr. Lashohan Norby is not a stranger to Ames, he spent six months here in 1967, doing research in the Chemistry Department at Iowa State University. And he's made several visits back to Ames since that time. He's position at the present time is as a lecturer and a teacher of chemistry at the University of Stockholm. And as a Swedish citizen, he is required through the age of 47, so he tells me he has two more years to go, to serve in the military. That's compulsory for all Swedish males. And the Swedish Academy of Sciences recently empowered a committee to investigate from the Swedish point of view and the scientific point of view, the environmental effects of nuclear war, and their report became available at a time when Dr. Norby was required to do he's military service during the summer. The service branch or the army branch in which he serves requested that he review as a scientist, the findings of the Academy Committee and report back to the military on what the findings were. Well, he did this and one of his personal findings was that the people to whom he spoke about the Academy report were surprised and amazed at the content of it and did not expect what they found, and this convinced him that he should perhaps carry his message to a wider audience and he therefore requested the opportunity to speak here. And I for one welcomed the opportunity because I think this is a debate which too often is looked upon as a debate between the Russians and the Americans. And we should not forget that the rest of the world is also involved. So it's with great pleasure that I welcome Dr. Norby.\r\n\r\n- I first should thank Professor Franson for his welcoming words. And then I would ask you to apologize my informal dress, because I come from a much colder country and I'm not used to this heat. And I wonder would it be like to lecture in the summer. What I would speak about is a scientific analysis made on the initiatives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. But it is a worldwide study and it was organized and directed from Stockholm, but spread out practically all over the world. And I'll explain a little further on what this study, how it was organized. The principal character of the study is that a scenario was designed and this scenario was then submitted to scientists in various disciplines to be treated according to their academic qualifications and judgments. The principle is that this is a very extensive nuclear war. There have been several studies made by many other authorities. A few of which have been even on a larger scale than this one, but this is a study of an extensive global war. Globally is not absolutely correct, because as you will find out in a little while it will take place predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere. It will be extensive, but not completely all out. And as I will explain later, roughly 50% of the world's nuclear arsenal will be used. Before I go into that I would like to show you what the structure of my talk will be. I will spend some time talking on the arsenals, that is necessary in order to appreciate the real threat in the present standing of the nuclear arms. And it's also necessary if you were interested in following the debate on arms and disarmament. I will then also explain about the war scenario, how it was devised. And then the main part is defining environmental effects. The arsenals can be said to be dominated completely by the two gigantic superpowers, your own nation with it's ally and the Soviet Union. There're three other nations who have at the present time nuclear war, and that is Great Britain, France and China. But their total number of arms comprises about 2% of the total. And we can say that they're completely dwarfed by the two super nations. We also know that India has made nuclear bomb tests, but they have not yet announced that they have nuclear weapons. Then there are rumors or we can say unsettled indications about Israel and South Africa and a few more other countries. But I will perhaps come back to that, the spread of nuclear weapons a little later. You have certainly encountered a few of the words that you'll find in the press and in the media. And I like to explain a little what that is because it is essential to know a few of the technical distinctions. You will hear about strategic and tactical weapons. These are predominantly, you can classify them according to four criteria. And I've written down here what these are. They differ in range and precision. They differ in carrier system. They differ in types of targets to which they are aimed and also in size. And I will go a little further into that. Strategic nuclear weapons have a very wide range of operation. And they can move from this continent to Europe and from Europe to this side. And the range is up to 7,500 miles. The precision for a nuclear weapon is generally measured as something called CEP which reads, Circular Error Probability or Probable. And that tells you how large a circle you need around the target to be certain that the bomb or the warhead will fall within that. And that is a rather low significance, it's only 50% chance. It means that if you aim at a target somewhere, it is 50% chance that you'll miss it by 500 meters or more. That means that it is not a very precise weapon. And it means that if you are very anxious to hit your target you will have to use several, two or three warheads. And that is common in normal artillery, conventional fighting also that you normally have to use more than one shell. And that will be the case in a nuclear fight as well. The carrier systems are the very famous and often quoted intercontinental missiles. And there're also submarine based missiles. And there're are heavy bombers. These are the three major carry types which are being used in this country. The Soviet Union and the United States have a little different strategy on this particular point, how to launch their warheads. And that is also an essential detail that I may be able to get back to. The types of targets are predominately the nuclear weapon installations of the enemy, of the other side. There are also key command centers like in this country, Pentagon and then the capitals, with the locations of the governments and the political and military decision making bodies. And in this country of course, not only Washington DC, but certainly many of the other major capital cities of this nation would be targeted. Then the size of the weapon is measured in megatons. And that is a way of comparing the effect of the nuclear weapon with a conventional explosive. And the megaton number tells you how many millions of tons you need of a conventional explosive to achieve the same effect. Other tactical weapons range from one to 20 megaton. I'll comment on that figure a little later. The tactical weapons are short range, and they are for very close range fighting for battlefield fighting and up to about 1500 miles. They are much more precise, roughly 10 times more precise. And their probable error is of the order of 50 meters, which I converted to yards because I don't know if you're completely metric in your thinking yet. These are launched by short range missiles, by artillery and by light aircraft's. The typical kind of targets you have are military targets in the field, it could be troops, it could be airfields, shipyards, ports, and you can also target these in the industry's full deposits. And these weapons are smaller. They go down to a hundred ton and up to one megaton. These distinctions between the classes of weapons is not essential for this study because nature and man reacts the same way regardless if your enemy has labeled it strategic and tactical. And that is a very essential point to understand, that for us human beings, it is absolutely irrelevant what type of weapon our enemies will be using, we will suffer the same consequences. Now we should look at a few figures. This is the United States and the Soviet Union's strategic arsenal. It is the number of warheads and it is the megatonnage, which means the total energy stored in these weapons. What you can see from this figures without getting into detail is that these figures between the two superpowers do not balance exactly, but are of the same order of magnitude. And we say that the arms race has reached, since very long time, a situation of stalemate. The two powers have roughly the same powers. The numbers are essentially though, that there are about 18,000 strategic warheads in total. And the total charge carried is 7,500 megatons. The tactical weapons are many, many more, and they sum to about 35,000, not completely evenly distributed between the powers. And the total charge is about 4,500 megaton. If we sum this together we get to two rather important figures. That is the total number of warheads, 53,000 and the total energy stored, 12,000 megaton. Some other important figures are that the arms race is going on at a surprisingly high speed at the present time. These figures were due about 12 months ago or 10 months ago. And already these figures should be augmented by about 10%. For the next two years to come until the mid of 1985, we will have to add another 20%. So we can say that in 1985, we will be roughly at about 70,000 warheads. The two superpowers have changed their strategy a little during the last years. And they tend to go to more warheads with a little less charge. It means that it's predominantly this figure, the number of warheads that is increasing. This figure might not increase too much, but this increment up to 70,000 weapons is to be bore in mind. Now let's look at this figure and see what it is. 12,000 megatons is an absolutely unbelievable amount of explosive. It equals about one million bombs of the type dropped on Hiroshima in August, 1945. And as you certainly have heard of before, these weapons harvested an enormous amount of lives and just to scale this up with the factor of 1 million is an unbelievable increment. If we divide 12,000 megatons by the number of people on this earth, roughly 4,000 million people, we get about 3000 kilograms or a little more than 6,000 pounds explosives per human being. And that is very much, you're probably not familiar with conventional explosive techniques, but I can tell you a little what you can do with that. And I'll take two rather drastic examples. For example in Tehran, in Iran last October, there was one of these very frequent terror deeds when an explosive was put in a car parked outside a hotel, this car was busted as you say in this country, the hotel collapsed and about 80 people were killed. And they used about 150 kilograms of explosives. It means that we could all of us do about 20 such explosions, all of us. And not just we here in this room, but everybody over the whole world. If you consider blowing up submarines, which we do occasionally around the world, you can say that 3000 kilogram is enough to blow up and destroy five large submarines, provided that you find the boats, which has turned out to be a surprisingly difficult thing in our country. I think that as effect is quite important and it adds an important feature to the nuclear strategies, because it has been worldwide recognized that the events that happened in our home country last year is an indication of the efficiency of the submarine as a weapon system. And I think that it is carefully studied in this country as it is for obvious reasons by the Soviet Union. But this amount of explosive is so overwhelming and it is difficult to understand it. Let me put it in some other figures. The eight most violent war years in Vietnam comprise a total yield of four megatons. That means that this ammunition is enough for 3000 Vietnam Wars. One American B-52 Bomber carries roughly 10 megatons when it has it's full charge. It means that each individual aircraft at this time carries more explosives than have been used in all wars at all times, at all places over this earth, including the Vietnam War and all subsequent smaller, so-called smaller wars. That is in one of those machines and you have hundred of these. Now let's see, what is it that preserves us from nuclear war? Well, it is something that we call the doctrine and the doctrine has a very becoming acronym MAD, which means Mutual Ascertained Destruction, or in Europe we call that the terror balance. And this has been established since almost, well, more than 25 years because the Soviet Union got their nuclear weapons in the mid 50s. And the arms race has always been aiming, from both sides at maintaining this MAD doctrine. But there are improvement in the weapon systems that may lead to an offensive doctrine. In this country the present administration, including your president and ex Secretary of Defense, no he's the present, Mr. Weinberger and former Secretary of State, Mr.Haig, they have all made public statements about the possibility and the likelihood for your nation to go more offensive, because it is believed by the present administration that a nuclear war could be fought and won. Similarly, the Soviet Union have recently made similar statements. Now this means that the doctrine of the balance may change. And if one of the two sides get to a point where it is believed that war could be fought and won, that could lower the threshold for a nuclear war to occur. There have been several studies of this in Europe and the present general meaning is that neither the United States nor the Soviet Union actually have such a strategic or tactical grasp of the situation that a war would be fightable. But if politicians and military leaders believe they have, it is equally dangerous to the peace. Now, let me talk about the war scenario a little while. The scenario was designed, predominantly to elucidate the effects upon nature and man, therefore it is not a military study and it has some special features that you will not find in a typical military survey of this problematic area. First, a few strategic areas were designated, and these were for obvious reasons, North America, Europe, and the Soviet Union, and every strategic types of targets. It was population targets, military targets and economical. Population targets have normally been excluded from previous studies. But as a matter of fact when you want to study the effects upon man, you must make this evil assumption that man himself will be targeted. The targets were all cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Canada, all important military installations, all airfields. It was necessary to designate this vast amount of targets just to be able to use up some of the warheads. The number that I mentioned 53,000 is much more than there are targets. And even with this rather limited, if you may say so ambition of the war scenario, they could not find use for more than about 15,000 of the warheads. And it means that that is a horrifying margin on the wrong side sort of if these estimates are too low. Also minerals and ores of interest to a conventional war situation were targeted and strategic sounds could be targeted because that would then disrupt the Naval communications. And there are about 20 such strategic sounds around the globe in this study. With this set of target 97% of all warheads will be used in the Northern Hemisphere. If we take a little closer look on the targets, what they are, we'll see that in my own country, we have roughly 40 designated targets. And that is essential for people at home to know, we are a non allied nation and therefore we have something which I would call an ostrich philosophy. We believe that because we're non allied, we will also stay in peace. Like we have been fortunate to do in the last two major wars. But in this study no country is safe. The United Kingdom, which I recently visited has more than 100 designated targets. And your own country has so many that it was difficult for me to count them. But there're certainly many, many hundreds, and they're probably more than a thousand designated targets. And with this rather generous distribution of targets, it was still not possible to use up more than roughly half of the arsenal. Then other targets were considered, to see what effect they would have on our environment. And that would be to attack the nuclear reactors in this country in the Soviet Union and in Europe. The idea would be to destroy them and to spread out the radioactive materials stored in them. That would prolongate the long-term effects of radiation and that would grossly increase the dangers in such a war. There are also about 300 nuclear propelled submarines in circulation at this present time. And if these were targeted and destroyed, that would cause spillage of radioactive debris in the oceans. If the outer space would be attacked that would disrupt satellite communications, which are absolutely essential for all kinds of civil uses, plus the security system of your own country and of course that of the Soviet Union. The time span of this war is rather short because it is found in the study that the effects upon man and nature is rather independent of the speed of the war. And therefore it is a short war and they have been elaborating with a war that extends for only a few days, a week, a couple of weeks and up to one year. And it seems like the environmental effects are practically the same regardless of how fast the war is fought. So therefore it is believed that it's gonna be a very vital and short war. Let's say not more than a week. The effects are such that the war will come to a halt it is believed. Now let me get to the main part of this study. I would like to stress then, before I tell you what the finds are, that the essential feature with this study is that it is a scientific study of the environmental effects, it is not a military study. There has been many such made and the last comprehensive was made by the United Nations and published in this country three years ago. The scenario was, as I said, penciled out in Sweden by an expert group, which comprised three Swedish scientists, two British scientists, and one American woman. She happened to be the editor at the present time of this journal. The journal is written in English and it is funnily enough printed in England, but it is a Swedish journal. But all articles were written in English and they were refereed in the way that we normally do with scientific articles. And then they were compiled and put together and evaluated by the advisory board back in Stockholm. The contributions come, one third come from this country, one third come from Great Britain. And the rest is from France, the two Germany's and from the Soviet Union. And I think it is essentially realized that the study was spread deliberately among the nations to show the idea, to make a scientific study which is not limited by the normal Warsaw Pact, NATO thinking. Therefore it strongly diverges from many of the military studies. Now let's see what will happen to man. On the Northern Hemisphere with those targeted areas there're about 1,300 million people living. Of these 750 Million people will be dead within 24 hours. And these two figures together constitute an absolutely ungraspable problem. So many dead in such a short time, it is difficult and impossible as a matter of fact, to suggest any practical solution what to do with all those dead people. A few comparative figures I like to mention is for example, that the second World War harvested about 50 million dead people. This is 15 times as many, but that was in six years and this is in one day. The United States troops found in the Vietnam War that the task of taking care of their fallen comrades, the dead and their bodies is an unbelievably difficult thing to do. And with the statistic from the Vietnam War, it would take about 3000 weeks to bury these people. And that is quite a number of years. And it means that that problem is absolutely unprecedented. No catastrophe in mankind has ever been near those figures. For example, in the mid 14th century, when the great plague went over Europe, about 2 million people were killed. And that is the greatest sickness, sort of, that has spread all over the world. And that is just marginally nothing compared to this. Then there would be about 350 million people injured, leaving us with something like 200 million so-called survivors. Let's take a look at those people who are injured, what will happen to them? Well, we can say that the vast majority of these people will die an untimely death. And that means that that the statistics for their lifetime is shortened to not more than 20 years. As a matter of fact, the majority of these people will be dead within one year, which will add to the enormous problems that I just mentioned. The reasons for these people to die are three general classes of events. The infection diseases will emerge again, things that are completely exterminated here and in Europe like typhoid fever. And there're many, what we call exotic or tropic diseases that will propagate and spread epidemically very fast after such a war. The number of cancer diseases will also increase alarmingly because of the radiation effects. And then there's something that the medical people call a synergistic effect. And that simply means that two plus two equals five. Our body works in such a way that, if you for example get a 25 or 30% burn of the first degree, that is not lethal to you. If you get a radiation doses of about a hundred grams, that's not either lethal, but these two effects work on your body so that you will die from the combined effects. And that's what the medical people call synergetic effects. And these will be much pronounced, and that is one of the major effects of the radiation. Then we take a breath and think about our atmosphere. I would say that this intensive nuclear blast will cause enormous fires. And these fires are so extensive that they will cause a new kind of problem that has not been experienced at all before. It has been calculated that forest fires will spread over the fighting grounds and the complete area of the whole of Scandinavia, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark will be burnt off. That will take some time, but that will generate a tremendous amount of smoke and soot and dust. Also because energy supplies will be attacked, a great number of the oil wells will start to burn, and if they don't burn they will vaporize their contents. That means that the atmosphere will be polluted. And that is a pollution of magnitude which is unprecedented. These particles will cause a reduction in the sunlight, and that reduction has been calculated to be something between 50 and 98%. It will last for several weeks, perhaps months. And this study has put a particular date to the outburst of this war and that is in June, 1985 for some reasons. And it means that it happens to be in the green period on the Northern Hemisphere. It means that this effect will immediately disturb the growing plants and I'll return to that in a little while. And then we come to some chemistry for a change. In the troposphere there will be a series of photochemical reactions. The two main constituents of the air that we breathe, nitrogen and oxygen will react and form various oxides of nitrogen. These oxides are hazardous and poisonous themselves, but what they do is that they create ozone. And there are several misconceptions, sometimes when you read about nuclear war, one is for example that it will deplete the ozone layer and increase the UV radiation. That seems not to be the case according to this study, on the contrary you will create ozone. And that has three immediate consequences. The first one is that it is a deadly poison as such. It also interferes enormously with the green plants and with the photosynthesis. And it creates what we call smog like what you have in Los Angeles and in Tokyo. But this will be worldwide smog for several months, which will create a health problem to say the least. Water also necessary for all living species. Well, let's see what happens to the freshwater. In the Northern Hemisphere during the summer it will rain, not necessarily in Ames or in Stockholm, but at some other places. And it means that the radioactive dust will come down with the rain and the rain as such will be a deadly poison. This is a rather short term effect, but will certainly cause some problems where it happens. The fallout will contaminate the surface water, and that will of course affect the drinking water supplies. For example, in my own hometown Stockholm, all our water supplies are open clean lakes, and these are completely unprotected. And that is quite common in Scandinavia. In many other parts of the world you don't have access to natural waters and you have drilled holes. And in that sense that these kinds of water supplies will be perhaps a bit safer. But all surface water will be contaminated, and that will be contamination that lasts for at least a few years. And you have to drink within that time. It means that it gets into animals and man. And it gets into what we call the nutrition chain because the animals have to drink it, and it causes cancer effects, that is not a very rapid phenomenon. But it gets into the food chain and it would propagate in man and animals. When I mentioned the great number of dead human beings, it is obvious of course, that the same effects would kill animals. And even if they are not targeted there'll be some tremendous problems with cattle and all kinds of animals of course. The oceans are a bit safer ground, if you can say that about the ocean. Because the fighting action does not take place over water. Also the dilution effect in the ocean is rather extensive. And you can say that the oceans are the only parts of this globe that will be not seriously affected, only heavily. You can say the deep sources of groundwater will be relatively unaffected, but there're some things to note, the marine ecosystems are very sensitive to this disturbance in sunlight as I mentioned earlier, and the growing plankton, the phytoplankton, the green plankton, which contributes a lot to the oxygen production of this globe will be immediately killed. And therefore the zooplankton that feed on these will get killed. And then the fish will get killed and coastal fishing, which is essential in my home country and in this country and all over the world will be strongly affected. So your diet may be lobster, oyster, and the clams and the like, these are the less sensitive sort of spaces, but that's a rather monotonous diet. And you can say that the normal thing that we harvest from the ocean will be affected. Now let's take a look at the biotech effects. That means effects on the green side of our planet. Agriculture will be affected in many peculiar ways. First of all there will be radioactive fallout, which harms the plants. It means that their yields will drop. Also of course the growing season will be disturbed by this disturbance in sunlight that I already mention. And it means that there will be a tremendously low yield the very year of this war. But that will be other problems, for example, who is to harvest? Who will be able to take care of it? Who will deliver it? And it means that the agriculture, even if the plants themselves are not immediately killed, it means that the product cannot be distributed. It turns out from experiments that cereals and grains are more sensitive to radiation damage than for example, beans and peas, so there would be some peculiar changes in the kind of yields and crops that we get. But in general, agriculture will be disturbed in a number of ways, the great fires is one for example. The forests will be disturbed by fires and also by radiation. It turns out that trees are surprisingly vulnerable to radiation and a big fern or pine tree is about as sensitive to radiation as the human body. And it means that a lot of forests, if they don't burn, will be killed by the radiation. And for some funny reasons it turns out that the needle trees like pints and firs are particularly subject to this kind of disturbance or the destruction. You can say that all these effects will roughly mean that two thirds of the food production of this globe will be immediately disrupted. It is so that on the Northern Hemisphere, about a fourth of the population of this earth is living, but we produce two thirds of all food. We don't eat all of that, but we export a little of it, but we eat much more of course as you know. And it means that there will be a serious and immediate disruption in the food production. There's another drastic and peculiar effect, because of the great number of dead people there will be a low demand for food, but that's a very poor constellation, I think. But for the first half year or so there will be a surplus of meat, for example, and in this country and in Europe we have a stockpile of food that lasts on the shelves, sort of, in homes and in stores that would last for about half a year. So it means that there would perhaps not be an immediate famine, but that will come with some retardation for the people who survive. There's a very serious effect on the Third World and the Southern Hemisphere, because they are so strongly dependent on the Northern Hemisphere for their own food production, for direct food importation, for the importation of fuel, tractors, spare parts, fertilizers, and all kinds of things that go with the agriculture in the Third World. And because of the extent of the war, that will be extremely, strongly affected. And because of the population of the Third World now being greater than ever, it means that the famine will spread to a magnitude which is previously unprecedented. And it has been difficult to establish these figures, but it has been said that as much as a billion people will be killed in the indirect consequences of this war. And that will be in the second and third year after the burst out of the war itself. If we talk about environmental effects, we must also look a little on other sides of our environment. And in this study, there has been some thought considered to economical effects. And you can, first of all, say that that will be total collapse of the world trade, which will affect food distribution. That is probably the most severe effect of it, but all other kinds of world trade would also break down. And we can say that the physical and organizational features of our present society will be completely demolished. You can say that the two superpowers participate in the arms race, because we have in the free world here, democracy of freedom to protect and the Soviet Union have their concept of freedom which they call socialism to protect. We can say that these basic ideas will lose all their meaning after such a war, because society will certainly not exist in the form that we think of it today. There will be a collapse of morals, because for example, the few people who survive, they will go for clean water, for uncontaminated food, and it means that the few peoples on this earth who may have access to that will protect their own stockpiles. And we can be sure that there will be tremendous protectionism. We will have to go back to barter system of the middle ages. And if a country like Sweden, which is very scarcely populated will be rather undisturbed by the war, it means that there will be a tremendous stream of refugees into our area of the world, just to get shelter which is not contaminated and to get food and drink. And it means that the regimes that have to protect the survivors will be extreme planning regimes, and they will exceed the planning systems of the Soviet Union by orders of magnitude. It means that the remaining society will look much, much different to what we can consider. And there is at least one major field that I have not mentioned, but which has been studied, and that is the psychological effects among the survivors. And you can start thinking of that first day, after the outbursts, with all those corpses around, with the total breakdown of the physical constructions around you. That that is not a climate or very good spirits. For example medical care, in the sense that we think of it today will be completely disrupted. And there are some rather extensive studies underway now, one in Great Britain, which is being published this very month about the medical effects. And it is obvious the physical disruption of society, that there will be no hospitals, there will be no doctors, there will be no medicine, no equipment. And if we were to spend anything near what we do now on medical treatment, that will completely block the resources for the surviving societies for a fantastically long time. So we can conclude finally that there will probably be survivors. That the effect of man and nature will be pronounced, which is a euphemism for serious or catastrophe for decades, and certainly noticeable for centuries. Some of the radiation effects are, as you certainly have heard of before, that they create genetic defects. And there are some very unpleasant statistics about the number of misformed children that will be born. And as a matter of fact, you can say that to get a child, you have to be rather healthy. And it means that the number of children born will drop drastically because people will be so ill that they can't get children. And if they get children, they will have a whole set of genetic defects. And this is believed to propagate for at least three or four generations, which means at least 100 years. Therefore you can say that the effects will be noticeable for at least a hundred years. And we can say that society as we know it today will not exist. The planet as such, physically will exist, but society as we think of it, will not be there. And it is so difficult to understand or to imagine what it will look like. But the study tells us that whatever the survivors will be facing, it is something unimaginable and very unpleasant. I haven't more than barely mentioned the word of peace in this talk and I would stop now, and I would say that as Dr. Franson mentioned in his introduction, I had asked him and his wife, Susan, to if possible, make this opportunity for me or to arrange for me to speak here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105695#t=0.0,2736.45714"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because I think that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=5.75,7.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the free world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=8.89,10.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sweden, your country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=10.3,12.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is an obligation for me as a citizen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=12.8,15.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After having studied this material to speak about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=15.46,18.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm a teacher at home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=18.91,20.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that my own students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=20.8,22.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my parents, my family, my friends, my colleagues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=22.26,25.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my fellow countrymen must get to know this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=25.44,29.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The peace movement is developing in the whole world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=29.93,32.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it takes many funny and sometimes crazy forms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=32.85,36.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that it is necessary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=36.53,38.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the peace work to be efficient","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=38.51,40.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it is based among other things on facts of this kind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=40.65,44.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore, I asked my friends here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=44.73,47.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they could arrange for the possibility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=47.08,49.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for me to speak to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=49.7,51.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm very grateful that it has been so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=51.83,53.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have also probably heard the 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curtain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=59.6,61.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=61.69,62.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I don't have friends who invite me to come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=62.523,64.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and speak like this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=64.49,66.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it is necessary for all citizens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=66.23,68.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the free world to speak and discuss.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=68.35,71.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We must exert a pressure on our superiors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=71.67,76.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our political decision-makers, our military leaders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=76.04,80.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that they make the disarmament and the world peace","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=80.55,84.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their first priority.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=84.74,85.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is too bad that we cannot affect the whole 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facing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=102.31,106.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are projections in this study that tell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=107.79,109.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us that this is not something that we can say, well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=109.69,112.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it will not happen to us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=112.77,113.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It will be some other place as you have 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effects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=123.06,126.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore, it's the responsibility of all of us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=126.73,129.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take part and responsibility in this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=129.57,133.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore, I'm grateful that you came to this talk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=133.84,136.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you for coming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=136.89,137.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you for listening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=137.74,139.154"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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leave","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=156.27,158.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it's five o'clock shall do so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=158.32,159.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then I know that Dr. Norby will be happy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=159.95,163.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to handle questions and comments from the floor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=163.4,165.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Do we need copies of your report","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=168.804,171.544"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or how could we lift those--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=171.544,173.314"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well I can tell you that this AMBIO","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=173.314,177.734"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is spread all over the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=177.734,180.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is not a very large 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here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=236.5,240.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But unfortunately it is out of stock at the present time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=240.83,245.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've got two 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country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=257.93,259.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The March issue is completely devoted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=259.11,264.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the nuclear arms education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=264.81,267.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it contains four major articles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=267.87,271.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a very good background","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=274.15,276.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for those who want to be informed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=276.2,278.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are to the limitation or my 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ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=295.252,296.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's more up to date and in actual figures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=296.73,301.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it has also a very fine and well spelt 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Norby,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=314.069,315.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I understand that the legislature took part in this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=315.29,319.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you're not an expert on Moon politics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=320.33,322.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I've got one question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=322.44,323.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What on your eyes or in the eyes of this report will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=323.52,326.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cause the two superpowers to propagate and just continue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=326.85,331.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on such a vast wave, distracted and large scale war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=331.39,336.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when it's been speculated by most of the experts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=336.93,338.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in such a world or not that probably happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=338.95,342.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e As I said, it was predominantly, a non-military study.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=344.09,348.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore, we can say one of the prerequisites","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=348.16,351.657"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the study was that the war simply breaks out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=351.657,354.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there are 10 specified possible 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example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=377.14,379.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly the area around the Persian Gulf","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=379.57,382.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the 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nominated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=388.21,389.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least 10 possible sources where it could start.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=389.78,393.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then this study shows that, and that is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=393.79,396.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in very essentially finding it is very unlikely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=396.8,399.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it nuclear work be limited.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=399.22,401.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are so many--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=401.91,403.404"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Is it possible?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=403.404,404.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No, and there's a special part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=404.7,406.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the study, which I did not mention at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=406.1,408.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a side study concerning a limited war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=408.97,412.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with use only of tactical weapons in the two Germany's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=412.39,415.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it shows that that is a frightening environmental effect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=415.91,418.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Europe from that, but it also shows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=418.78,421.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there would be practically no possibilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=421.44,425.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of containing the war to the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=425.41,427.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It will propagate to the two pacts and then further on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=427.7,430.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I have got one other question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=430.95,433.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What, in your estimation is the rem dosage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=433.69,437.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would cause somebody to be actually wounded by a start,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=437.14,440.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"severely wounded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=440.79,442.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Less than 25?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=443.277,444.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No, much greater.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=444.98,446.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because you cannot use what we do in civil peace times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=446.76,451.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll say that if you receive less than 200 rems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=454.0,457.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll be considered healthy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=457.15,459.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the exposure will be so enormous,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=461.41,463.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the lethal dose is around 450 to 500 rems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=463.4,467.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you have to be rather liberal in this judgment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=467.74,470.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but let's say that the dosage of up to 200 rems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=470.92,473.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be considered not damaging.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=473.5,477.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is of course not completely true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=477.12,478.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some people will eventually suffer strongly from such doses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=478.85,483.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What are the chances of an accidental or--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=486.61,490.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Enormous, and the more complicated the guiding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=490.24,493.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the surveying systems become, the more likely it is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=493.62,497.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a technical area could trigger it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=497.0,499.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's actually better to have politicians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=499.04,501.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with their shotguns in their hands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=501.84,504.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than the missiles on a computer based system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=504.27,507.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is one of the great, dangerous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=507.977,510.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one of the things that I think should be considered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=510.39,512.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=512.61,513.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The tendency is to make it more system oriented","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=513.95,517.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and less man dependent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=517.72,519.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think that man is still less foolish","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=519.61,522.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a large computer system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=522.98,525.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is a very dangerous perspective, particularly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=525.3,528.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here in America called the launch on system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=530.41,532.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It means that assume there is a certain set of indications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=532.72,536.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that missiles are underway, you have to trigger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=536.13,539.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see that even if the missiles are not very fast","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=539.46,542.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're practically never supersonic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=542.223,545.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It takes at least, I mean, it takes hours or half hours","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=545.15,549.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least for the missiles to cross the ocean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=549.24,551.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It still means","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=551.74,552.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you got very short time for political action.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=552.573,555.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I've heard that things like flex of keys","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=556.39,558.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I've heard things in the air have made them think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=558.52,562.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there might've been a possible attack","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=562.23,564.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the way or else","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=564.15,565.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they put a wrong tape on a computer byte.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=565.18,567.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are these things real or is that just figurtive--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=567.39,569.312"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know, I don't know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=569.312,571.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nope, I cannot answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=571.42,574.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that there's a tremendous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=576.253,577.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"precision in the automated systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=577.76,580.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is no doubt about that, but they could go wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=580.19,583.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the bigger the systems go,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=583.1,584.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the more catastrophical will the consequences be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=584.93,589.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I think that they can distinguish missiles from geese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=590.35,594.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm quite sure they can.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=594.83,596.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e How valid the assumptions are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=597.61,599.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the war extended far to the states.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=599.323,602.428"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also perlimited destruction and main privilege","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=602.428,605.968"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unto that day Cubans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=605.968,608.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e How valid were the estimations?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=608.55,611.198"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The assumption that the war conveined space.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=611.198,615.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, this study shows that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=615.44,618.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you deliberately blast the nuclear explosions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=618.71,622.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"above altitude of 40 kilometers and higher","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=622.09,625.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will certainly be able to disrupt the ozone layer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=625.85,628.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if that is the objective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=628.47,631.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you blow the targets in the way it's conceived","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=631.18,635.609"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of in this study, it means that the radiation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=635.609,638.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the effects of the nuclear blast will not propagate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=638.78,642.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of the troposphere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=642.04,643.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore, there will be no effects in the outer space.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=643.47,648.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you must say that the superpowers must deliberately blast","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=648.53,653.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that nuclear warheads","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=653.01,655.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in outer space to create that sort of damage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=655.87,659.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you wanted to deplete the ozone layer that complete,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=659.25,661.914"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it could be done quickly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=661.914,663.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is ammunition enough to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=663.99,666.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that doesn't, well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=666.48,668.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is not considered a sensible target for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=668.38,671.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for any of the superpower.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=671.99,675.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that is not included in the study.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=675.07,677.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you had also questioned about the--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=680.38,682.961"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The other question I asked was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=682.961,685.242"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought this is a valid upon the assumption that you made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=685.242,689.182"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that the assumption is mainly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=689.182,690.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"targeted towards distinction of material","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=690.68,693.252"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=693.252,694.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Or testing our equipment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=694.66,696.332"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then that could be a primitive nature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=696.332,698.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but how far is it valid that this (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=698.517,702.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I don't know if I understand you correctly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=706.28,708.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I can say that if you use this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=708.55,710.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"amount of nuclear explosives, it certainly in no instance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=711.92,716.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or over estimation of the effects this scientists are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=718.68,722.098"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always making very conservative estimates on the outbursts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=722.098,727.098"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the effects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=727.77,728.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it means that all estimations made in these studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=728.82,731.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are always sort of on the low side, it means that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=731.51,734.222"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in practice effects are to be expected as least as drastic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=734.222,738.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as these ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=738.38,739.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And probably more severe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=739.43,741.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know if that answers your question really, but--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=742.35,745.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e My question really was that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=745.23,746.868"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether one is going to get into this wars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=746.868,748.962"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just to test the equipment that you are developing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=748.962,751.539"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=751.539,752.372"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you see, because it is not a military study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=753.957,756.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it really doesn't deal with such thinking at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=756.88,759.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It just says, this is the scenario.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=759.57,763.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want to study what will happen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=763.21,764.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if the war breaks out, other studies have been aiming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=764.93,769.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the likelihood of the war and how it might be fought.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=769.03,772.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the interesting thing about this study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=772.68,775.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which makes it unique so far, it's the first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=775.14,777.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of its kind who singles out on a large scale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=777.38,780.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the effect on human, the human man and ecology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=780.68,784.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it just says, well, it asks the scientists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=784.32,787.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what will happen if the war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=787.46,789.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this nature is brought about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=789.05,791.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, there was somebody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=791.57,792.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=792.96,794.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I have two questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=794.56,795.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They relate to MBO.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=795.69,796.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, has any thought been given","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=797.73,799.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to publishing it in other languages than English,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=799.39,801.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that its circulation might be more effective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=801.85,803.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=803.98,804.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has been published in French, German and Swedish as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=804.813,807.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Second question, you mentioned earlier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=808.95,811.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the contributions were received from the USSR.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=811.22,814.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Presumably this would suggest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=815.12,816.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that maybe copies get back there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=816.903,818.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think so because The Soviet Academy of Sciences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=819.63,823.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and The Academy of Sciences and stock them have rather firm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=823.34,826.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and well-functioning links on the scientific level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=826.73,829.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm absolutely certain that this study propagates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=829.38,832.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the worst OPEC countries publicly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=832.29,837.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=837.57,838.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e To Russian citizens--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=838.43,839.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Not to citizens, but publicly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=839.98,841.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is a difficult thing to understand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=842.71,844.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you must realize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=844.47,845.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that these people are intelligent scientists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=845.47,848.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they read what is being published in the West.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=848.24,852.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not open to the Russian people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=852.96,855.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it propagates into their society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=855.27,858.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=858.15,859.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well I should say, I really don't know what access they have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=860.96,863.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm absolutely certain that it gets into the military","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=863.35,866.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and scientific channels within that society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=866.59,869.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=872.42,873.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Hand overs would add on to that this past summer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=873.253,877.048"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Soviet Union, the position for social responsibility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=877.048,880.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"met in law school,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=880.81,882.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and did a live TV broadcast discussion of the spirit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=882.74,886.308"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the results of this very study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=886.308,887.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was broadcast live on Soviet Television.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=887.82,889.921"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=889.921,890.754"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The first time ever that any Americans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=890.754,893.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have discussed such a topic in an uncensored live broadcast.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=893.18,898.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it is possible even though it doesn't occur very often","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=898.17,901.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this material does get it in public,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=901.78,903.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=904.69,905.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=908.99,910.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay well, if the Soviets attack us right here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=910.32,915.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the US did not retaliate would the Soviets arms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=915.585,919.437"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suffer the long-term effects of their own bomb?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=919.437,921.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they would, but not immediately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=921.89,924.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the long-term effects would spread all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=924.88,926.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the world and it will hit them in their own back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=926.76,929.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I think we should thank our speaker and judge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=932.57,936.468"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22658/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/658/original/AV203310_Environmental_Effects_of_Nuclear_War_b.vtt?1613498301","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/658/original/AV203310_Environmental_Effects_of_Nuclear_War_b.vtt?1613498301"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22659","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203310_Environmental_Effects_of_Nuclear_War_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696/transcript/22659/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Because I think that, in the free world, Sweden, your country. It is an obligation for me as a citizen. After having studied this material to speak about it. I'm a teacher at home. And I think that my own students my parents, my family, my friends, my colleagues my fellow countrymen must get to know this. The peace movement is developing in the whole world. And it takes many funny and sometimes crazy forms. I think that it is necessary for the peace work to be efficient that it is based among other things on facts of this kind. And therefore, I asked my friends here, if they could arrange for the possibility for me to speak to you. And I'm very grateful that it has been so. You have also probably heard the argument that this is not possible to do on the other side of the iron curtain. And that is right because I don't have friends who invite me to come and speak like this. But it is necessary for all citizens in the free world to speak and discuss. We must exert a pressure on our superiors, our political decision-makers, our military leaders, so that they make the disarmament and the world peace their first priority. It is too bad that we cannot affect the whole world in one speech. I would be happy to try. That is futile of course. But I think that every thinking and reasoning citizen in the free world must contribute to the understanding of the catastrophe that we are facing. And there are projections in this study that tell us that this is not something that we can say, well it will not happen to us. It will be some other place as you have imagined from what I've said it means that whatever the war breaks out it will propagate around the globe. No nation will be spared from the effects. Therefore, it's the responsibility of all of us to take part and responsibility in this. Therefore, I'm grateful that you came to this talk. Thank you for coming. Thank you for listening.\r\n\r\n- I think we'll take a break for about a minute. So those people who wish to leave because it's five o'clock shall do so. And then I know that Dr. Norby will be happy to handle questions and comments from the floor.\r\n\r\n- Do we need copies of your report or how could we lift those--\r\n\r\n- Well I can tell you that this AMBIO is spread all over the world. It is not a very large edition. Normally it is about 3000 copies. It comes out by monthly and it is distributed from England. As a matter of fact, this issue has become more attractive than any of the other before and the whole edition is now out of stock. But there is one copy on the library. University library here names that I know. And the address is the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Stockholm. And it might be a not completely futile idea to ask for it because it has propagated out of Scandinavia. And there are requests from England, France, and Germany and it may be considered to make a second print of it. And if that are reasonable amount number of claims for copies that may be considered. But the United nations have bought 900 of these. So they should be, and they are in New York, but I don't know if they are accessible to anybody of us here. But unfortunately it is out of stock at the present time. I've got two copies. Yes, I should mention that... Could you bring that other disc for me please. In physics today, which is a monthly publication of this country. The March issue is completely devoted to the nuclear arms education. And it contains four major articles. This is a very good background for those who want to be informed. They are to the limitation or my understanding of the matter excellent articles, all of them. And as a matter of fact, one of the authors is also one of the co-authors in this one. And there are seven references to this AMBIO thing. The advantage being that this one was printed three weeks ago. So it's more up to date and in actual figures. And it has also a very fine and well spelt message on the education in these issues. I strongly recommend you to get this and that one is spread all over the United States.\r\n\r\n- Mr. Norby, I understand that the legislature took part in this, and you're not an expert on Moon politics but I've got one question. What on your eyes or in the eyes of this report will cause the two superpowers to propagate and just continue on such a vast wave, distracted and large scale war when it's been speculated by most of the experts in such a world or not that probably happened.\r\n\r\n- As I said, it was predominantly, a non-military study. Therefore, we can say one of the prerequisites of the study was that the war simply breaks out but there are 10 specified possible ways for the war to break out. As a matter of fact there are a frightening number of possible ways. The least likely is a direct attack from any of the superpowers on the other. It's much more likely that for example, a conflict between Israel and his neighbors, between Iraq and Iran, between Libya and his neighbors, for example particularly the area around the Persian Gulf which is the vein of the oil to the whole Westworld, that is a very hotspot. And this study has nominated at least 10 possible sources where it could start. And then this study shows that, and that is in very essentially finding it is very unlikely that it nuclear work be limited. There are so many--\r\n\r\n- Is it possible?\r\n\r\n- No, and there's a special part of the study, which I did not mention at all. It's a side study concerning a limited war with use only of tactical weapons in the two Germany's. And it shows that that is a frightening environmental effect in Europe from that, but it also shows that there would be practically no possibilities of containing the war to the Germans. It will propagate to the two pacts and then further on.\r\n\r\n- I have got one other question. What, in your estimation is the rem dosage that would cause somebody to be actually wounded by a start, severely wounded. Less than 25?\r\n\r\n- No, much greater. Because you cannot use what we do in civil peace times. You'll say that if you receive less than 200 rems you'll be considered healthy. But the exposure will be so enormous, and the lethal dose is around 450 to 500 rems. And you have to be rather liberal in this judgment but let's say that the dosage of up to 200 rems would be considered not damaging. And that is of course not completely true. Some people will eventually suffer strongly from such doses.\r\n\r\n- What are the chances of an accidental or--\r\n\r\n- Enormous, and the more complicated the guiding and the surveying systems become, the more likely it is that a technical area could trigger it. It's actually better to have politicians with their shotguns in their hands rather than the missiles on a computer based system. And that is one of the great, dangerous and one of the things that I think should be considered in this country. The tendency is to make it more system oriented and less man dependent. But I think that man is still less foolish and a large computer system. That is a very dangerous perspective, particularly here in America called the launch on system. It means that assume there is a certain set of indications that missiles are underway, you have to trigger. You see that even if the missiles are not very fast they're practically never supersonic. It takes at least, I mean, it takes hours or half hours at least for the missiles to cross the ocean. It still means that you got very short time for political action.\r\n\r\n- I've heard that things like flex of keys and I've heard things in the air have made them think that there might've been a possible attack of the way or else that they put a wrong tape on a computer byte. Are these things real or is that just figurtive--\r\n\r\n- I don't know, I don't know But nope, I cannot answer. I think that there's a tremendous precision in the automated systems. That is no doubt about that, but they could go wrong. And the bigger the systems go, the more catastrophical will the consequences be. So, I think that they can distinguish missiles from geese. I'm quite sure they can.\r\n\r\n- How valid the assumptions are that the war extended far to the states. And also perlimited destruction and main privilege unto that day Cubans.\r\n\r\n- How valid were the estimations?\r\n\r\n- The assumption that the war conveined space.\r\n\r\n- Well, this study shows that if you deliberately blast the nuclear explosions above altitude of 40 kilometers and higher you will certainly be able to disrupt the ozone layer if that is the objective. But if you blow the targets in the way it's conceived of in this study, it means that the radiation and the effects of the nuclear blast will not propagate out of the troposphere. Therefore, there will be no effects in the outer space. So you must say that the superpowers must deliberately blast that nuclear warheads in outer space to create that sort of damage. If you wanted to deplete the ozone layer that complete, it could be done quickly that is ammunition enough to do it. But that doesn't, well, it is not considered a sensible target for for any of the superpower. So that is not included in the study. And you had also questioned about the--\r\n\r\n- The other question I asked was I thought this is a valid upon the assumption that you made I think that the assumption is mainly, targeted towards distinction of material\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- Or testing our equipment. Then that could be a primitive nature, but how far is it valid that this\r\n\r\n- Well, I don't know if I understand you correctly but I can say that if you use this amount of nuclear explosives, it certainly in no instance, or over estimation of the effects this scientists are always making very conservative estimates on the outbursts and the effects. And it means that all estimations made in these studies are always sort of on the low side, it means that in practice effects are to be expected as least as drastic as these ones. And probably more severe. I don't know if that answers your question really, but--\r\n\r\n- My question really was that whether one is going to get into this wars just to test the equipment that you are developing.\r\n\r\n- No. And you see, because it is not a military study it really doesn't deal with such thinking at all. It just says, this is the scenario. We want to study what will happen if the war breaks out, other studies have been aiming at the likelihood of the war and how it might be fought. But the interesting thing about this study which makes it unique so far, it's the first of its kind who singles out on a large scale the effect on human, the human man and ecology. So it just says, well, it asks the scientists what will happen if the war of this nature is brought about. Okay, there was somebody. Yes. Okay.\r\n\r\n- I have two questions. They relate to MBO. First of all, has any thought been given to publishing it in other languages than English, so that its circulation might be more effective.\r\n\r\n- Yes, it has been published in French, German and Swedish as well.\r\n\r\n- Second question, you mentioned earlier that the contributions were received from the USSR. Presumably this would suggest that maybe copies get back there. I think so because The Soviet Academy of Sciences and The Academy of Sciences and stock them have rather firm and well-functioning links on the scientific level. I'm absolutely certain that this study propagates into the worst OPEC countries publicly. Oh yes.\r\n\r\n- To Russian citizens--\r\n\r\n- Not to citizens, but publicly. That is a difficult thing to understand. But you must realize that these people are intelligent scientists and they read what is being published in the West. It's not open to the Russian people but it propagates into their society. Yes, no. Well I should say, I really don't know what access they have but I'm absolutely certain that it gets into the military and scientific channels within that society. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- Hand overs would add on to that this past summer, in the Soviet Union, the position for social responsibility met in law school, and did a live TV broadcast discussion of the spirit of the results of this very study which was broadcast live on Soviet Television.\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- The first time ever that any Americans have discussed such a topic in an uncensored live broadcast. So it is possible even though it doesn't occur very often that this material does get it in public, in the Soviet Union.\r\n\r\n- Yes, okay.\r\n\r\n- Okay well, if the Soviets attack us right here and the US did not retaliate would the Soviets arms suffer the long-term effects of their own bomb?\r\n\r\n- Yes, they would, but not immediately. But the long-term effects would spread all over the world and it will hit them in their own back.\r\n\r\n- Well, I think we should thank our speaker and judge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36602/file/105696#t=0.0,959.86939"}]}]}]}