{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/bv79s1m59q/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Moody, Kim, Deregulating a Continent"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Deregulating a Continent: The North American Free Trade Agreement. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. 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Galbraith","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=7.874,10.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said that the North American Free Trade Agreement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=10.13,13.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would not have any noticeable or significant impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=13.2,16.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on life in the United States around our economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=16.94,21.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I guess I'm here today to alert you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=21.14,23.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the fact that as arrogant as it may sound","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=23.9,27.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he's wrong about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=27.62,29.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I want to start by saying that it's important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=29.9,34.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to understand the North American Free Trade Agreement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=34.94,39.572"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the culmination of a process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=39.572,43.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not the beginning of a process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=43.49,45.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm going to go through a lot of what I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=45.75,48.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this process is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=48.05,49.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I want to alert you to the realities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=49.17,52.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of continental economic integration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=52.45,55.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by presenting you with two pertinent facts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=55.22,58.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first is that last year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=58.6,61.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Americans bought more salsa than ketchup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=61.12,64.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the first time in history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=64.18,65.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this year, as I'm sure you noticed, recently,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=66.76,69.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Canadian team Toronto, won the so called World Series.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=69.69,74.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we're clearly in the era","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=74.95,77.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of North American economic integration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=77.13,80.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I know it's true that the salsa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=80.56,83.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's sold in the United States was mostly made in Texas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=83.06,86.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or even Vermont for that matter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=86.34,88.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that the Toronto team","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=88.72,90.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is really made up of Yankees and Cubans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=90.28,94.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but nonetheless, you can get a sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=94.12,96.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we're definitely moving into a new era.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=96.26,99.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why is this happening?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=100.59,101.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And why has the process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=101.74,103.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has given rise to this experiment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=103.3,107.028"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in markets integration on a continental basis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=107.028,111.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why is this happening?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=111.68,113.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it's no secret that the United States economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=113.43,117.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and American business in general has been in some trouble","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=117.68,121.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for quite a while.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=121.83,123.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's been a sort of 20, 25-year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=124.07,127.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depending on how you measure it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=127.75,129.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of crisis of profitability on the one hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=129.54,133.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and perhaps more pertinent to the NAFTA,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=133.15,136.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the North American Free Trade Agreement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=136.0,137.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to call it NAFTA for short if you don't mind,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=137.67,140.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's too many syllables otherwise,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=140.35,142.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been the decline of US business","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=144.236,148.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the world market in 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1986,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=159.19,164.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably a little bit less than that now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=167.0,169.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the reasons I don't believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=169.81,171.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's the main thing that this is all about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=171.26,174.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that if you look at the share of world trade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=174.27,178.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"held by US corporations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=178.71,180.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not by the US economy, but by US corporations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=180.65,183.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"operating on a worldwide basis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=183.87,186.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll see that in fact it held up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=186.03,189.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"throughout this whole period and stayed pretty stable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=189.21,191.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at 17, or 18% of the world market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=191.87,195.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there were declines in other important indicators.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=195.24,198.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So for example, the US share of world manufacturing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=198.63,202.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"declined from 35% in 1970 of all world manufacturing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=204.11,209.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to 25% at the end of the 1980s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=209.672,213.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a pretty substantial decline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=213.21,215.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at the figures for foreign direct investment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=215.84,219.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is all the money that all countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=219.6,222.539"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"invest in each other, not in themselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=222.539,225.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in each other abroad, it's even more dramatic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=225.6,230.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, 24 countries in the world control 98%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=230.28,234.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all the foreign direct investment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=234.06,236.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of those countries, five control 75% of that 98%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=237.11,242.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll let you guess which of the five are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=245.9,247.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sure you've come up with more or less the right answers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=247.68,250.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, of that 75% of those five nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=252.12,255.679"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that controls that majority","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=255.679,258.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all the foreign investment in the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=258.13,261.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States controlled 69%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=261.21,265.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the period 1961 through 68.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=265.03,268.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That by the decade of the 80s, it was down to 28%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=268.76,273.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Germany and Japan and to a lesser extent Great Britain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=273.04,276.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taking up the the rest of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=276.86,279.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, these five countries continued to control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=279.0,281.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the vast majority of foreign investment in the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=281.85,286.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but within them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=286.21,287.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a shift of wealth away from the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=287.35,291.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So US corporations have been looking for a response","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=291.75,295.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to this loss of position in world production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=295.22,298.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in world investment, and to a lesser extent, in world trade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=298.55,303.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first response they came up with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=303.49,305.982"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to talk about here as a strategy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=305.982,310.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a model of accumulation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=310.71,312.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is a strategy of production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=312.54,314.472"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to allow US manufacturing, in particular,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=314.472,319.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to reconquer some of its last competitive position","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=319.3,322.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a world scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=322.53,323.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The model that I'm talking about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=325.96,327.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to call the lean production/management","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=327.73,331.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by stress model.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=331.45,332.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I won't repeat the whole title every time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=332.9,335.776"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'll explain to you why I'm calling it this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=335.776,338.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lean production is the MIT automotive group's name","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=338.77,343.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Toyotaism, if you will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=343.87,346.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the style of production pioneered and developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=346.05,351.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Toyota company in particular, and to a lesser extent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=351.4,355.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by other Japanese manufacturing firms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=355.42,360.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Management by stress refers to the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=361.857,365.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that an important aspect of this system of production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=365.49,370.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to constantly stress it out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=370.05,372.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to constantly stretch it to its limits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=372.45,374.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to find out the weaknesses in it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=374.71,377.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and thereby to strengthen it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=377.2,378.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The management by stress term was coined by Jane Slaughter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=380.25,383.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Mike Parker who worked with me with Labor Notes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=383.77,386.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and who have written a couple of books","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=386.67,388.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and many articles on this subject.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=388.52,391.119"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'm combining these two ideas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=391.119,394.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the idea of lean production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=394.29,395.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the idea of management by stress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=395.367,397.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The characteristics of this system are basically as follows.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=397.41,401.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, traditional production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=401.27,404.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let's say, for this style production or mass production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=404.5,408.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is decentralized through a system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=408.75,411.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of elaborated outsourcing and subcontracting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=411.63,415.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is, there are many tiers in the manufacturing system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=415.11,418.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as much of the burden is put on subcontractors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=418.71,423.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as is possible by the Final Assembly Corporation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=423.18,428.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, the purpose of this is that the wage levels,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=428.259,433.259"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the costs of production, so forth are supposed to go lower","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=433.73,436.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you go down the subcontracting ladder.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=436.59,439.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of the ways that's done is to outsource","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=439.55,443.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or subcontract to lower wage regions of the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=443.1,448.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or lower wage countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=448.545,450.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's partly on the basis of that kind of thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=455.45,458.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the economic bloc's that you probably read about a lot,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=458.073,461.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is the European Community,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=461.43,463.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the North American Free Trade Area,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=463.04,466.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and increasingly, Eastern Asia are sort of taking shape","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=466.0,471.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around this kind of production system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=471.3,473.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second aspects of this production system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=473.73,476.362"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the flexible workplace and the concept of Kaizen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=476.362,480.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is constant improvement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=480.92,482.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's what I was talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=482.97,483.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before the management by stress aspect of this thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=483.93,487.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whereby you are constantly trying to find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=487.09,489.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the flaws in the system and improve it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=489.64,491.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make it more productive and hence more profitable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=491.77,496.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And a third aspect, and there are others","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=496.05,498.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm going to talk about these three,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=498.69,500.851"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the just-in-time delivery and inventory system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=500.851,505.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which allows the assembly corporation to hold on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=505.66,510.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to as few components and parts as possible,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=510.34,514.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saving it money in a number of ways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=514.35,516.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, between the first aspect,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=516.78,518.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decentralized production strung out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=518.58,520.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly across national borders and this last one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=520.74,525.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just-in-time, there's a kind of tension,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=526.42,528.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a kind of contradiction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=528.29,530.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Obviously, in just-in-time delivery,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=530.01,532.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you need a certain geographic proximity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=532.95,535.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at the same time, though,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=536.42,538.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you're looking for lower wage regions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=538.01,540.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you need some kind of geographic spread.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=540.33,542.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in fact, even in the Japanese practice,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=542.98,545.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even in the Toyota Corporation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=545.83,548.134"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there has been a modification of just-in-time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=548.134,552.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I suppose you could call it almost-in-time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=552.6,555.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm not going to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=555.13,556.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That has taken place as this production system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=558.49,562.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"becomes internationalized for the purpose of cutting costs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=562.64,566.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what it's all about. Cutting costs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=566.82,569.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is, in a real sense, what the NAFTA is about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=569.64,574.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The name of this agreement, Free Trade Agreement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=575.31,578.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is in a big sense, a misnomer in two ways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=578.1,581.382"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is that it's not primarily about trade at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=581.382,586.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's about investment and this production system, primarily.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=586.17,590.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And second of all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=590.56,591.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'll get to this in a couple of minutes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=591.51,593.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not about what we think of as free trade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=593.98,596.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the traditional economic sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=596.36,598.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is arm's length commerce between nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=598.55,602.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'll explain why in a minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=602.15,603.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That its intention was about primarily about investment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=605.77,610.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and about production strategies was kind of revealed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=610.69,613.765"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in one of the documents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=613.765,616.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the US International Trade Commission","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=616.4,618.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that came out in 1991.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=618.65,621.104"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their analysis of this thing we're in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=621.104,623.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they say, by codifying liberal trade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=623.48,626.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and investment policies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=626.39,627.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in an international agreement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=627.83,629.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a US-Mexico free trade agreement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=629.89,631.938"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would increase the confidence of investors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=631.938,635.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Mexican economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=635.18,637.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is an important thing to remember","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=637.05,639.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because from the point of view of United States capital,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=639.18,643.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the corporations in this country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=643.81,645.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"investing in any place in the third world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=645.93,648.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has certain kinds of problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=648.23,650.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they want some guarantee that their investments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=650.26,655.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are going to be protected, which in fact, the NAFTA does.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=655.7,659.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, even if the agreement were abrogated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=659.24,662.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the day after it was signed by Canada","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=662.07,664.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Mexico or the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=664.19,666.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any investments made under it would be guaranteed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=666.48,669.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for 10 years, which is quite a deal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=669.29,672.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another angle on it, more recent one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=673.97,676.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comes from DR McGraw Hill in their survey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=676.62,681.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and analysis of the actual document itself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=681.23,684.712"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which they say they expect the major impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=684.712,687.834"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the agreement to occur on investment flows,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=687.834,691.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least in the short run,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=691.61,693.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while significant stimulus to trade flows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=693.54,696.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will occur only over a longer period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=696.47,699.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why is that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=699.43,700.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that gets back to what I was talking about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=700.95,702.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about why this is more about investment than trade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=702.9,706.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What this simple sentence actually says here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=706.57,710.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the trade they're talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=710.57,712.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is investment-induced trade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=712.88,715.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And most of this kind of trade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=715.91,717.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is what economists call intra firm trade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=717.47,720.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is trade that takes place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=720.75,722.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the channels of the multinational corporations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=722.94,726.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in a very real sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=727.56,728.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not free trade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=728.84,729.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not arm's length trade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=729.94,732.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is free in the sense that it won't be burdened","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=732.37,735.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the kinds of tariffs and so forth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=735.09,737.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that used to exist between the United States and Mexico,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=737.34,740.469"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they've been undoing for the past 10 years, actually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=740.469,743.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In that sense, it's free trade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=745.06,747.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it is trade that is regulated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=747.07,749.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very definitely regulated and planned by the corporations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=749.1,752.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, a little bit later when I talk about linkages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=752.96,756.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll see how important that is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=756.43,758.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=758.863,760.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The low wage, nature of this interfirm trade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=761.37,766.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"getting back to this notion of decentralized production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=766.16,769.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is important too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=769.16,770.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, looking back at the government documents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=770.69,772.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before this agreement was finished,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=772.93,775.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this case, the 1991 Economic Report of the President,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=775.63,779.125"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have this little sentence in which they,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=779.125,782.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of these documents are so ideologically loaded,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=782.34,786.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's quite amazing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=786.04,788.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This one, you might recognize a 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nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=799.619,803.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A free trade agreement with Mexico","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=803.56,805.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would further encourage this natural division of labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=805.68,808.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's the comparative advantage idea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=808.74,810.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by lowering the overall cost of US manufacturing 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market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=823.13,826.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=826.43,827.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the whole idea here is that supposedly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=827.263,829.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's some kind of natural division of labor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=829.1,831.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the United States and Mexico","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=831.53,833.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which the natural position of Mexico is to be poor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=833.59,837.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and our natural position is to not be 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'80s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=866.77,870.895"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there was a problem from the vantage point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=870.895,873.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the US corporations and of US 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industrialization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=906.96,911.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that means a sort of guided industrialization process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=913.03,916.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Mexico was one of a number of 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land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1451.06,1452.792"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they can't get credit to produce efficiently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1452.792,1456.279"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they will not be able to compete with for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1456.279,1459.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"corn from Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1459.55,1460.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So good news for Iowa, bad news for Mexican farmers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1462.07,1465.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this enormous change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1467.77,1471.128"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"means that sometime in the next several 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Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1479.1,1481.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Keep that figure in your mind for a little while.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1481.37,1483.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10 to 15 million.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1483.38,1484.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1485.81,1487.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What were the results of this 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itself?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1491.5,1493.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, there are no precise figures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1494.84,1497.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there are estimates for certain periods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1497.46,1499.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, the privatizations up to 1988","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1499.48,1503.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were said to have crossed either through liquidation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1503.1,1505.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or consolidations 200,000 jobs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1505.9,1508.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The reorganization of Pemex,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1510.99,1512.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the state oil company, will cost 60 to 80,000 jobs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1512.87,1517.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The restructuring of the private sector","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1517.79,1520.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Mexican economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1520.64,1522.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cost again up to about 1988 to 700,000 jobs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1522.55,1526.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there have been quite a few changes since then,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1526.37,1528.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which means that we're talking about a net","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1528.81,1530.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're talking about a loss here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1530.58,1532.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a deduction of about a million wage jobs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1532.28,1537.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jobs in the formal sector of the economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1537.01,1539.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that took place under this IMF-led program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1539.5,1542.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another result of this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1544.064,1546.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another result of this is the growth of the informal sector.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1549.26,1552.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Obviously, if you have a shrinking of the formal sector,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1552.15,1554.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're going to have a growth of the informal sector.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1554.76,1557.072"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Informal sector is a polite economist term","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1557.072,1560.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for underground economy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1560.95,1562.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or all the people you see selling Chiclets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1562.71,1565.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other things on the streets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1565.83,1568.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in most third world countries in Latin America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1568.16,1571.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in Mexico as well, an increasing number.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1571.02,1574.396"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People who do homework, family, unpaid work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1574.396,1578.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all that kind of thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1578.02,1579.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who don't receive a page wage,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1581.22,1583.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and who are therefore not part of the Social Security System","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1583.23,1586.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Mexico too,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1586.6,1587.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is something I'm not even going to talk about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1587.87,1589.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that's also being undone under this plan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1589.69,1593.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, okay, in that period,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1594.39,1596.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you also have a certain industrial growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1596.8,1600.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the north of Mexico,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1600.01,1601.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I'm going to return to in a minute,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1601.36,1603.419"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have again about 400,000 jobs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1603.419,1607.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the border industrialization program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1607.22,1610.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or what's commonly called the maquiladora program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1610.39,1612.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you think about 400,000 jobs gained","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1615.16,1617.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"versus a million loss, this is not a real good deal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1617.95,1621.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right. What's the impact of all of this process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1622.67,1625.959"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's been going on there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1625.959,1628.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of the general shift in investment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1628.36,1631.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has been going on as a result of that process?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1631.0,1634.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of this investment, though, not all of it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1634.12,1636.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go into the maquiladora program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1636.11,1638.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, let's look at Canada just for a second.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1639.188,1642.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They've had a free trade agreement with the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1642.34,1644.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since the beginning of 1989.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1644.79,1647.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the first two years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1647.8,1649.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that program was recorded that 435,000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1649.44,1653.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"manufacturing jobs were lost.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1653.65,1655.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's 22% of the total in all of Canada.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1655.5,1659.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, it will be objected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1659.39,1660.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This took place during a recession, and so it did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1660.6,1663.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Absolutely true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1663.24,1664.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But unlike what happened in the 1980, 81, 82 recession,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1664.87,1669.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this time, fully half of these jobs were lost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1670.06,1672.562"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"due to permanent plant closings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1672.562,1674.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what happened to those plants?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1674.88,1677.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They went to Laredo areas, notorious for Laredo areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1677.01,1680.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like Buffalo, New York, Detroit, Michigan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1680.27,1682.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"places like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1682.82,1683.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, if we can look at that and see what's been happening,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1686.24,1691.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then let's return to the United States for a minute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1691.47,1694.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and look what's been going on here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1694.22,1696.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as there has been this investment shift","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1696.41,1698.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's already going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1698.35,1699.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Remember, the NAFTA isn't something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1699.38,1701.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's going to create this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1701.27,1702.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The NAFTA is meant to encode this in international law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1702.77,1706.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's already going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1706.78,1708.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just taking one period, 1986 to '89,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1708.65,1713.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can see in the US West Belt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1713.05,1715.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is basically the Midwest and the Northeast,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1715.44,1718.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"300,000 manufacturing jobs were lost in that period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1718.837,1723.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coincidentally, 250,000 new maquiladora jobs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1723.52,1727.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were created at the same time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1727.39,1728.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, I'm not saying that each of these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1728.91,1730.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a one for one trade off or something like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1730.82,1733.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It doesn't work quite that simply,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1733.71,1735.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there is somewhat of a correlation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1735.67,1737.876"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The US auto parts industry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1737.876,1740.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, in that same period lost 85,000 jobs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1740.25,1743.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while odd or maquila jobs grew by about 80,000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1743.9,1747.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there is something going on here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1747.67,1750.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moving into the '89, '92 period where we have a recession","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1750.61,1755.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but where business weak and everybody else is admitting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1756.25,1759.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's something more going on here than a business cycle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1759.04,1762.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a fundamental restructuring,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1762.3,1764.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and indeed, the Magazine Workplace trends out of Cleveland","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1764.7,1768.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"estimates that 1400 jobs have been lost each business day","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1768.61,1773.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the period '89 through the middle of '92","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1774.43,1777.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of corporate reorganizations and restructurings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1777.94,1781.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this shift of investment that we're talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1782.15,1786.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has enormous consequences for much of the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1786.13,1790.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's another thing about this investment, by the way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1791.19,1795.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is often when people who are in favor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1795.14,1798.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Free Trade Agreement talk about it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1798.13,1800.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they talk about all this investment is new investment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1800.18,1802.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All in one sense it's new, wasn't where it is before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1802.85,1806.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in a real sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1806.23,1807.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of this investment is nothing but a lateral move.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1807.25,1810.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is if you closed down something in Michigan or Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1810.71,1813.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you open it somewhere else,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1813.72,1815.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you don't have a net gain,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1815.44,1817.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or at least not very much of a net gain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1817.16,1819.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in real investment there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1819.24,1822.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's that character to this thing as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1822.56,1825.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of the studies that have been done project no job loss,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1825.81,1830.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of the studies that have been done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1831.13,1833.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"project big job loss for the next 10 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1833.02,1836.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The ITC study, the International Trade Commission","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1836.67,1841.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"says, \"Don't worry. No big job loss here.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1841.44,1845.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the reason we can say that are basically two things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1845.89,1848.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is that that study is based solely on trade flows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1848.99,1853.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and doesn't take into consideration investment shift,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1853.25,1856.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the second is it's based on a model","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1856.39,1858.546"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of general equilibrium","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1858.546,1860.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which assumes full employment everywhere","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1860.44,1863.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while there isn't full employment everywhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1863.22,1864.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a ridiculous assumption.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1864.77,1867.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The more critical studies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1867.53,1870.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to mention two,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1871.33,1872.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one done at the University of Massachusetts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1872.78,1875.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one done by the Washington-based","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1875.38,1877.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Economic Policy Institute estimate job loss","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1877.12,1881.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anywhere in the US from 290,000 to 550,000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1881.05,1886.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are only manufacturing jobs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1886.67,1889.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think all these studies underestimate the impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1889.02,1892.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"considerably because they don't take into consideration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1892.32,1894.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the service 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Wrong, you can.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1897.68,1901.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the things that will happen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1901.17,1902.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will create net investment in 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Bell,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1916.21,1919.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a US company,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1919.09,1920.654"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is proceeding to modernize that whole system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1920.654,1924.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's some investment there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1924.97,1926.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's gonna cost about 10,000 jobs, of 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role","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1938.59,1941.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and already are in putting in place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1941.24,1944.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of the investments that we're talking 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will,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1958.33,1961.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but might cause a net job loss in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1961.1,1964.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has to do with the technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1964.91,1966.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these particular service industries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1966.31,1969.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is all of them are based to a large 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forth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1973.15,1975.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is why they have to modernize Telmex.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=1976.25,1978.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the flows of this 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Toronto","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2012.49,2016.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at really no extra cost.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2017.36,2019.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is it has to do with satellite technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2019.04,2021.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all this sort of stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2021.16,2022.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What that means, of course, is by implication,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2022.76,2025.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's no need to have a big operator based AT\u0026amp;T unit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2025.44,2030.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in upstate New 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else,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2037.29,2040.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"possibly Mexico, possibly not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2040.11,2042.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the language thing is not a difficulty in 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calls","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2047.74,2049.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is called voice recognition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2049.55,2051.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which can recognize any language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2051.56,2054.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's no problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2054.12,2054.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no human beings require nothing there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2054.953,2057.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just a lateral move again of a certain kind of work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2057.38,2061.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that used to be performed by human beings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2061.24,2064.094"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So these kinds of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2064.094,2066.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Service things can be impacted in various ways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2066.11,2069.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's another side to this whole thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2070.77,2073.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of shifting investment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2073.54,2075.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is what happens to the companies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2075.7,2077.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that remain in the old site paying the higher wages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2077.49,2080.607"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the higher costs of all kinds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2080.607,2082.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, one thing they do is create","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2083.94,2086.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is now being called a contingent workforce.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2086.74,2089.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is they don't want to have these people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2089.21,2090.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are making 10 or $15 an hour,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2090.52,2092.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they go to a temp agency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2092.42,2094.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they hire some temporary workers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2094.77,2096.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then when they don't need them, they're gone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2096.64,2098.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not a layoff. It's just gone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2098.19,2100.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's an interesting quote","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2101.3,2103.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the owner of a national temporary agency who said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2103.36,2108.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"We used to be in the business of replacing workers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2108.627,2111.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so now our business is different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2111.46,2113.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a major cost cutting tool for American corporations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2113.33,2116.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a big change in industry that used to employ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2116.89,2119.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a couple of hundred thousands in the '70s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2119.86,2121.809"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now employs over 1.6 million people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2121.809,2124.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, there's part-time work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2125.84,2127.129"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all the rest of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2127.129,2128.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, in terms of this projection,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2129.75,2132.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're talking now about the future","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2132.72,2134.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same (indistinct) study says that if you look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2134.83,2138.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the impact on such investment shifts on wages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2138.68,2143.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and incomes in general,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2144.3,2146.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their estimate is that in terms of the US,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2146.78,2150.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can expect a downward movement of 1.2 to 4.2%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2150.15,2155.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over this period of 1992 to the year 2000,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2158.28,2162.655"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over an-eight-year period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2162.655,2164.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that figure is in addition to whatever inflation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2164.73,2167.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or regular unemployment does to wages in that period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2167.93,2171.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would also point out that the industries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2171.56,2174.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are being most affected by some of these shifts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2174.31,2177.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in investment are the most unionized,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2177.16,2180.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they exist very heavily in the 15 states","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2180.92,2183.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have above average unionization rates in manufacturing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2183.69,2188.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which means that as these jobs disappear,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2188.51,2191.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the unionization rate in the society as a whole","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2191.0,2193.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will go even farther down than it is now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2193.5,2195.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is very low indeed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2195.61,2197.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the ability of unions to bargain wage increases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2197.58,2201.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will go down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2201.47,2202.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we will see income falling everywhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2202.303,2205.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By the way, I forgot to mention that in Mexico,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2205.71,2208.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the income consequence of all that that I was talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2208.007,2212.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a drop in the average wage of 67%, from 1982 to 1991,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2212.02,2217.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a drop of 48% for the wages of industrial workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2218.812,2223.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are unionized in general","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2223.21,2225.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and more able to resist some of this in Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2225.11,2228.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there's a certain geographic specificity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2229.854,2234.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to all the stuff that's been going on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2234.41,2236.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's important to understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2236.71,2238.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we want to see how it is gonna affect the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2238.46,2241.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how it's going to affect Mexico and to some extent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2241.84,2244.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how it will affect Canada,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2244.93,2246.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although I'm not going to go into detail in Canada,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2246.45,2249.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of California economist Ralph Fernandez","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2250.73,2253.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did a book on the whole US-Mexico border","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2254.784,2259.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"industrialization phenomena,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2259.33,2261.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and drew this conclusion about the past 10 years or so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2261.95,2266.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hhe said, \"The center of gravity of manufacturing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2266.163,2269.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has shifted from the Capital City, Mexico City","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2269.19,2271.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Monterrey to the Mexican American border area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2271.65,2276.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And indeed, that's what's happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2277.21,2279.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As these number, these million jobs that are estimated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2279.37,2283.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were lost in Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2283.4,2284.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They weren't lost randomly all over the country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2284.95,2287.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were lost in the sights of traditional production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2287.01,2289.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Central Mexico, not just in the capital city,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2289.93,2293.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in a cluster of cities that exist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2293.23,2296.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in and around Central Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2296.26,2299.479"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there has been a kind of hollowing out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2299.479,2302.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in central Mexico and a process of industrialization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2302.93,2306.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the north of Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2306.36,2307.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this thing not only impacts the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2308.67,2311.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it also impacts part of Mexico itself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2311.29,2314.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a very important part of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2314.597,2316.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I could go into more details,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2317.482,2319.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"specifically in terms of the automobile industry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2319.69,2321.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm running a little late","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2321.91,2323.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I'm not going to do that right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2323.44,2325.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What should be understood, though, about these new plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2325.43,2329.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are being built in Mexico,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2329.11,2330.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that if you have this image of a maquiladora plant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2330.89,2334.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as some cinderblock, garments sweatshop, you can forget it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2334.44,2339.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's maybe what it was 10 years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2339.5,2341.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they're not like that anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2341.37,2342.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are state-of-the-art, high-tech plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2342.81,2345.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moving up the ladder of technology pretty steadily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2345.33,2349.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and quite capable and able of training workers down there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2349.21,2353.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to work at levels of efficiency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2353.24,2355.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that match those in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2355.1,2357.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"surpass those in Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2357.09,2358.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and are about equal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2360.655,2362.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to those low-wage countries in Asia as well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2362.8,2365.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"places like Indonesia and Thailand and so forth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2365.69,2368.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which would be alternative sites","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2368.36,2370.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it wasn't for the just-in-time phenomena here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2370.15,2373.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the need for some kind of geographic proximity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2373.45,2376.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2377.26,2378.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Decline then is going to occur","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2378.55,2380.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a number of places.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2380.61,2382.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can see it in the US-Canada Rust Belt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2382.0,2384.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the upper Midwest, on into Ontario,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2384.29,2387.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the northeast of the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2387.59,2390.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's been going on for quite a while.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2390.9,2392.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It isn't only about this phenomena,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2392.6,2394.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this phenomena is a large part of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2394.49,2397.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something that is newer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2397.233,2398.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the deindustrialization of the industrial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2398.92,2401.942"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"upper South Sunbelt that is in the 1960s and '70s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2401.942,2406.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of American corporations opened branch 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forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2412.29,2414.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These plants are now beginning to move","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2414.6,2417.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"south of the border to 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gradually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2431.853,2436.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and now at an accelerated rate into Northern Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2436.99,2441.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as I mentioned 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map,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2445.06,2446.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you were to take an industrial map,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2446.63,2448.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I actually did this in my little Harvard graphic things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2448.2,2450.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I don't have any way of showing it to you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2450.277,2452.527"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and draw employment concentrations in manufacturing in 1970,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2453.66,2458.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then do it again in all three countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2458.33,2461.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then draw the same map again in late '80s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2461.24,2465.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most recent figures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2465.62,2466.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I could get that were comprehensive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2466.74,2469.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you would see that this map is totally different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2469.35,2471.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The industrial map of North America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2471.87,2473.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has already been redesigned and changed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2473.49,2476.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"More is yet to 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linkages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2482.1,2485.148"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the old days, if Ford set up a plant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2485.148,2487.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Dearborn, Michigan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2487.99,2489.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you know 2,700 supplier plants would spring up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2489.45,2492.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Dearborn, Michigan or somewhere more or 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area,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2505.646,2510.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they do have geographic impact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2510.48,2513.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they don't necessarily develop any linkages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2513.0,2515.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, Northern Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2515.86,2518.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All the plants that are in Northern Mexico","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2518.01,2520.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the maquila program and most of the new ones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2520.16,2522.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are not maquila plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2522.31,2523.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including 6 high-tech, high-production auto plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2523.65,2528.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Northern Mexico are linked to the American economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2528.12,2531.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're basically linked to the automobile industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2531.62,2533.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Midwest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2533.54,2535.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other maquila plants are linked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2535.29,2537.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, those in Tijuana in the garment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2537.71,2540.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and electronics are linked to California garment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2540.25,2542.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and electronics manufacturers and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2542.69,2545.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no backward linkage in Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2545.23,2547.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't get genuine 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study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2558.13,2561.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that refers to this whole phenomenal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2561.34,2564.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a regional core strategy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2564.21,2566.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's basically when you think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2566.23,2568.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about these economic 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advanced,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2575.2,2579.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most developed country, the wealthiest country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2579.15,2581.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the other things strung out across borders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2581.77,2584.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This creates varied kinds of specific linkages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2584.12,2588.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through corporations as well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2588.12,2590.218"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whereas we used to think of economic linkages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2590.218,2593.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as something that would occur, like I say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2593.45,2595.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in one geographic area or something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2595.71,2597.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now these linkages occur through this inter firm trade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2597.97,2601.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intra firm trade I was talking about before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2601.43,2604.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are controlled and managed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2604.81,2606.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the multinational corporations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2606.58,2608.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that dominate this entire process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2608.49,2610.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the UN study shows, that for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2610.55,2613.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some of the central industries in this process,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2613.87,2618.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intra firm trade accounts for an enormous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2619.89,2623.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"amount of the total trade between the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2623.82,2626.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2626.09,2627.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the production of cars and engines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2627.08,2628.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's 99%, hardly any leakage at all there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2628.91,2632.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other industries like electrical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2632.53,2634.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and electronic equipment, pharmaceuticals, tires,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2634.87,2637.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and rubber, it's 81% or more according to the UN.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2637.67,2642.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now in some other industries, if you look at it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2642.62,2645.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's deceptively low.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2645.26,2646.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at garment or if you look at auto parts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2646.56,2650.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for auto parts, it's 21.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2650.12,2651.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They actually didn't have a figure on garment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2651.62,2653.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The reason it's deceptively low is that it's true,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2653.9,2656.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is not intra firm trade because in the garment industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2656.98,2660.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the auto parts industry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2660.04,2661.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're talking about thousands of tiny competing companies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2661.06,2665.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But these companies are linked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2667.73,2669.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the same large multinational corporations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2669.8,2672.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through subcontracting arrangements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2672.48,2674.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the trade that's taking place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2676.23,2678.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is trade that is under the terms of the large multinationals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2678.74,2682.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not those of the competitive firms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2682.4,2684.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right. I want to give three examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2687.2,2689.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States of how this impact looks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2689.87,2693.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the local level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2693.45,2695.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First is El Paso, Texas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2695.25,2697.897"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The garment industry there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2697.897,2700.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1975, El Paso was a town that had I think about six,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2700.7,2705.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe eight very huge garment plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2705.44,2708.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that belong to companies like Levi and Lee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2708.49,2710.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Farah and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2710.77,2712.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These plants employed 2000 to 3000 people in each one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2712.88,2715.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were unionized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2715.78,2716.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They paid 10 to $15 an hour back then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2716.64,2719.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then when the garment industry began to open up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2720.513,2723.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the border industrialization program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2723.42,2725.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across the Rio Grande in Ciudad Juarez,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2725.52,2728.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this kind of operation was no longer competitive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2730.13,2733.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what these companies did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2733.96,2735.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was basically they broke up their operations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2735.71,2737.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They closed the big plants and they outsourced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2737.64,2740.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or subcontracted the work to dozens scores","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2740.43,2745.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of tiny sweat shops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2745.46,2746.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the industry today in El Paso is completely different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2746.81,2750.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than it was 10 or 15.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=2750.56,2752.003"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27321/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/321/original/AV204121_Deregulating_a_Continent_a.vtt?1622143588","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/321/original/AV204121_Deregulating_a_Continent_a.vtt?1622143588"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27322","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204121_Deregulating_a_Continent_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598/transcript/27322/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Okay, I understand that last night, John Kenneth Galbraith said that the North American Free Trade Agreement would not have any noticeable or significant impact on life in the United States around our economy. And I guess I'm here today to alert you to the fact that as arrogant as it may sound that he's wrong about that. And I want to start by saying that it's important to understand the North American Free Trade Agreement as the culmination of a process and not the beginning of a process. And I'm going to go through a lot of what I think this process is, but I want to alert you to the realities of continental economic integration by presenting you with two pertinent facts. The first is that last year, Americans bought more salsa than ketchup for the first time in history, and this year, as I'm sure you noticed, recently, a Canadian team Toronto, won the so called World Series. So we're clearly in the era of North American economic integration. Now, I know it's true that the salsa that's sold in the United States was mostly made in Texas or even Vermont for that matter, and that the Toronto team is really made up of Yankees and Cubans but nonetheless, you can get a sense that we're definitely moving into a new era. Why is this happening? And why has the process that has given rise to this experiment in markets integration on a continental basis, why is this happening? Well, it's no secret that the United States economy and American business in general has been in some trouble for quite a while. There's been a sort of 20, 25-year depending on how you measure it, kind of crisis of profitability on the one hand, and perhaps more pertinent to the NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement, I'm going to call it NAFTA for short if you don't mind, it's too many syllables otherwise, has been the decline of US business in the world market in general. One measure of this decline, and I believe the one that's actually least important, is the US share of world trade which declined from 16% in 1966 to about 14% in 1986, probably a little bit less than that now. One of the reasons I don't believe that's the main thing that this is all about is that if you look at the share of world trade held by US corporations, not by the US economy, but by US corporations operating on a worldwide basis, you'll see that in fact it held up throughout this whole period and stayed pretty stable at 17, or 18% of the world market. But there were declines in other important indicators. So for example, the US share of world manufacturing declined from 35% in 1970 of all world manufacturing to 25% at the end of the 1980s. That's a pretty substantial decline. If you look at the figures for foreign direct investment, that is all the money that all countries invest in each other, not in themselves, but in each other abroad, it's even more dramatic. First of all, 24 countries in the world control 98% of all the foreign direct investment. Of those countries, five control 75% of that 98%. I'll let you guess which of the five are, I'm sure you've come up with more or less the right answers. Now, of that 75% of those five nations that controls that majority of all the foreign investment in the world, the United States controlled 69% in the period 1961 through 68. That by the decade of the 80s, it was down to 28%, with Germany and Japan and to a lesser extent Great Britain taking up the the rest of it. In other words, these five countries continued to control the vast majority of foreign investment in the world, but within them, there was a shift of wealth away from the United States. So US corporations have been looking for a response to this loss of position in world production, in world investment, and to a lesser extent, in world trade. The first response they came up with, I'm going to talk about here as a strategy or a model of accumulation, that is a strategy of production in order to allow US manufacturing, in particular, to reconquer some of its last competitive position on a world scale. The model that I'm talking about, I'm going to call the lean production/management by stress model. I won't repeat the whole title every time. And I'll explain to you why I'm calling it this. Lean production is the MIT automotive group's name for Toyotaism, if you will. That is the style of production pioneered and developed by the Toyota company in particular, and to a lesser extent, by other Japanese manufacturing firms. Management by stress refers to the fact that an important aspect of this system of production is to constantly stress it out to constantly stretch it to its limits in order to find out the weaknesses in it and thereby to strengthen it. The management by stress term was coined by Jane Slaughter and Mike Parker who worked with me with Labor Notes and who have written a couple of books and many articles on this subject. So I'm combining these two ideas, the idea of lean production and the idea of management by stress. The characteristics of this system are basically as follows. First of all, traditional production, let's say, for this style production or mass production is decentralized through a system of elaborated outsourcing and subcontracting. That is, there are many tiers in the manufacturing system as much of the burden is put on subcontractors as is possible by the Final Assembly Corporation. And of course, the purpose of this is that the wage levels, the costs of production, so forth are supposed to go lower as you go down the subcontracting ladder. And one of the ways that's done is to outsource or subcontract to lower wage regions of the world or lower wage countries. And it's partly on the basis of that kind of thing that the economic bloc's that you probably read about a lot, that is the European Community, the North American Free Trade Area, and increasingly, Eastern Asia are sort of taking shape around this kind of production system. The second aspects of this production system is the flexible workplace and the concept of Kaizen, which is constant improvement. It's what I was talking about before the management by stress aspect of this thing whereby you are constantly trying to find the flaws in the system and improve it, make it more productive and hence more profitable. And a third aspect, and there are others but I'm going to talk about these three, is the just-in-time delivery and inventory system, which allows the assembly corporation to hold on to as few components and parts as possible, saving it money in a number of ways. Now, between the first aspect, decentralized production strung out particularly across national borders and this last one, just-in-time, there's a kind of tension, a kind of contradiction. Obviously, in just-in-time delivery, you need a certain geographic proximity. And at the same time, though, if you're looking for lower wage regions, you need some kind of geographic spread. So in fact, even in the Japanese practice, even in the Toyota Corporation, there has been a modification of just-in-time, and I suppose you could call it almost-in-time, but I'm not going to. That has taken place as this production system becomes internationalized for the purpose of cutting costs. That's what it's all about. Cutting costs. And that is, in a real sense, what the NAFTA is about. The name of this agreement, Free Trade Agreement is in a big sense, a misnomer in two ways. One is that it's not primarily about trade at all. It's about investment and this production system, primarily. And second of all, and I'll get to this in a couple of minutes, it's not about what we think of as free trade in the traditional economic sense, that is arm's length commerce between nations, and I'll explain why in a minute. That its intention was about primarily about investment and about production strategies was kind of revealed in one of the documents from the US International Trade Commission that came out in 1991. Their analysis of this thing we're in when they say, by codifying liberal trade and investment policies in an international agreement, a US-Mexico free trade agreement would increase the confidence of investors in the Mexican economy. This is an important thing to remember because from the point of view of United States capital, the corporations in this country, investing in any place in the third world has certain kinds of problems and they want some guarantee that their investments are going to be protected, which in fact, the NAFTA does. I mean, even if the agreement were abrogated the day after it was signed by Canada or Mexico or the United States, any investments made under it would be guaranteed for 10 years, which is quite a deal. Another angle on it, more recent one comes from DR McGraw Hill in their survey and analysis of the actual document itself, in which they say they expect the major impact of the agreement to occur on investment flows, at least in the short run, while significant stimulus to trade flows will occur only over a longer period of time. Why is that? And that gets back to what I was talking about, about why this is more about investment than trade. What this simple sentence actually says here is that the trade they're talking about is investment-induced trade. And most of this kind of trade is what economists call intra firm trade, that is trade that takes place within the channels of the multinational corporations. So in a very real sense, it's not free trade, it's not arm's length trade, is free in the sense that it won't be burdened by the kinds of tariffs and so forth that used to exist between the United States and Mexico, and they've been undoing for the past 10 years, actually. In that sense, it's free trade, but it is trade that is regulated, very definitely regulated and planned by the corporations. And again, a little bit later when I talk about linkages, we'll see how important that is. All right. The low wage, nature of this interfirm trade getting back to this notion of decentralized production is important too. And again, looking back at the government documents before this agreement was finished, in this case, the 1991 Economic Report of the President, they have this little sentence in which they, some of these documents are so ideologically loaded, it's quite amazing. This one, you might recognize a version of the theory of comparative advantage in here if you've studied economics. It says, to reduce costs, companies often allocate phases of the manufacturing process among a number of nations. A free trade agreement with Mexico would further encourage this natural division of labor, that's the comparative advantage idea, by lowering the overall cost of US manufacturing firms. A free trade agreement would make US firms more competitive against other country's exports in the world market. In other words, the whole idea here is that supposedly there's some kind of natural division of labor between the United States and Mexico in which the natural position of Mexico is to be poor, and our natural position is to not be poor. And therefore, we're going to make US corporations competitive, essentially, by stringing production across the US Mexican border and using low-wage Mexican labor. All right. There was a problem that they ran into. This idea, by the way, has been around for a long time of having a North American Free Trade Agreement. It came up in the late '70s. They've actually been negotiating at it since the mid '80s, but there was a problem from the vantage point of the US corporations and of US business. And this was the nature of the Mexican economy. Mexico's economy, until very recently, was a very much a state led economy, although it was very definitely a capitalist market system in its most basic sense. It was a highly regulated and controlled market system. It was, in fact, a kind of successful example of what is called import substitution industrialization. And that means a sort of guided industrialization process. And Mexico was one of a number of countries in the third world in Latin America in particular, that pursued a pretty successful version of this. Annual growth in Mexico from 1940 through the late '70s was 6%, and in terms of industry, annual growth averaged 7.6% for that whole period, which is much higher than anything the United States accomplished in the same period. But from the vantage point of the United States, this was not a good deal because in order to do that kind of growth, that kind of import substitution, industrialization, Mexico's economy was a highly protected economy. Imports were taxed at very high tariff rates, many of them were excluded altogether, and foreign investment in Mexico was allowed, even encouraged, but was conducted under the rules laid down by the Mexican government itself. That is, for example, with certain notable exceptions, it was not allowed to have a foreign corporation own a majority ownership of a company in Mexico. Now all of that has changed already before the agreement is signed and ratified. But so the economy was a highly regulated economy, and of course, as you know, in our own country, we've gone through this process of deregulation for the past 10 years or more, in fact, more, while in Mexico, they had to go through a more drastic version of it. How did this happen? Well, in 1982, as you may know, Mexico declared itself unable to pay to make the payments on its national debt, on its international debt rather, its foreign debt. Like most nations of Latin America and many in the third world, Mexico had pursued its industrialization by borrowing heavily heavily during a period when interest rates were relatively low. Was a strategy that made perfect sense at the time, but when interest rates went high, it no longer made sense and Mexico, like many other countries, including the United States, it must be sad, ended up in debt and at a certain point, was unable to meet this debt. In 1982, when it declared this, it initiated what Mexicans call la crisiss, obviously the crisis, and that refers to more than the debt crisis. It refers to the fact that at that point, the International Monetary Fund intervened, and with the cooperation of the Mexican government, the administration of Miguel de la Madrid, and after that the Salinas administration implemented an austere structural adjustment program that changed the whole nature of the Mexican economy drastically in a period of 10 years. What did they do? The first thing, the first sort of central element of this austerity program brought in by the International Monetary Fund was privatization. Mexico possessed, at that time, over 1100 state enterprises, ranging from oil to it's telephone, airlines, a lot of other kinds of industrial production and mining and so forth. The IMF said, \"Now we have to get rid of these state enterprises and sell them basically to the private sector.\" Unlike Eastern Europe, Mexico does possess a wealthy capitalist class that was able to participate in the buying up of these along with foreign capital. 37 families were able to buy the equivalent of 80% of the value of all the privatization. So there's still an enormous concentration of economic power, only it's going from the government to private hands now. By 1991, 822 of these 1100 corporations, I mean, state corporations have been served. Another 130 or something like that have been in process since that time, and the only major thing that wasn't sold was Pemex, the National Oil Company. The second aspect of this was deregulation in the American sense. That is, there are all kinds of industries in Mexico just as there were here that were not stayed on the boat, were highly regulated transportation, trucking, things of this sort. 25 of these industries were deregulated during the 1980s under the IMF program. Again, in one of these sort of ideologically loaded statements of approval, the US International Trade Commission remarked on this based on the premise that excessive and obsolete regulations were largely responsible for inefficiency in the use of Mexican resources, Mexico has implemented a far reaching program of deregulation, and indeed, they have. To this IMF program, the administrations of the Mexican government, in particular, the administration of Carlos Salinas, added their own important twist. And some of these are important to understand because to try to understand the North American Free Trade Agreement without understanding the changes that are going on in all of the economies, and we're going to talk about Canada and the United States in a minute, is to misunderstand the whole purpose of this thing or what it's going to do to us in the long run. The two major changes that were implemented at this time were changes, most recently actually, in Article 123 of the Constitution, which governs labor relations. Now, these are actually still in the making, but the basic purpose of these changes is to make it even more difficult for trade unions in Mexico to function as independent representatives of the workers in the industries down there. Most of the unions are governed by people who are part of the governing Institutional Revolutionary Party, so there's a kind of state connection with the leadership of the unions, but there are also independent unions. The new laws and amendments to the Constitution are meant to do what's been done here, let's put it frankly, that is to make it harder for unions to strike and so forth. But even more important than that one is the change in Article 27 of the Mexican Constitution. Article 27 is, in a certain sense, the centerpiece of the Mexican Revolution of 1910 to 1920. If this is the part of the constitution that didn't guarantee but made available to the peasantry of Mexico land grants of basically small sized farms, where the ownership was guaranteed forever, basically, they could not be sold or alienated, or taken back by banks or anything of that sort. So under this program, something like three to four million families came to live on land that was granted them by the government in land reform program that goes back all the way to the revolution but actually got its biggest boost in the 1930s and 40s. And this system was backed up by a system of low interest credit that was available to these small farms which are called ejidos, and allowed a large part of the Mexican population to live on the land to produce not only for themselves, but to produce a surplus for the economy as a whole as well for many, many years. This has all been undone in two ways. Changing the constitution was one way that was done earlier this year. What was done was to change the section in the constitution that says this land cannot be sold or rented. Now it can be rented and I believe even sold under certain circumstances. And to make sure that this does happen, the government put in over $5 billion of loans, not to the farmers, but to businesses to get into joint ventures with these small farmers. But what that means is agribusiness, largely American agribusiness will begin buying up this land, and three or four million families will be moving off the land because they can't get credit to produce efficiently and they will not be able to compete with for example, corn from Iowa. So good news for Iowa, bad news for Mexican farmers. So this enormous change means that sometime in the next several years, an estimated 10 to 15 million people will leave the land and enter the labor force in Mexico. Keep that figure in your mind for a little while. 10 to 15 million. All right. What were the results of this whole structural adjustment program and of the changes implemented by the Mexican government itself? Well, there are no precise figures but there are estimates for certain periods. For example, the privatizations up to 1988 were said to have crossed either through liquidation or consolidations 200,000 jobs. The reorganization of Pemex, the state oil company, will cost 60 to 80,000 jobs. The restructuring of the private sector of the Mexican economy cost again up to about 1988 to 700,000 jobs. And there have been quite a few changes since then, which means that we're talking about a net we're talking about a loss here, a deduction of about a million wage jobs, jobs in the formal sector of the economy that took place under this IMF-led program. Another result of this, another result of this is the growth of the informal sector. Obviously, if you have a shrinking of the formal sector, you're going to have a growth of the informal sector. Informal sector is a polite economist term for underground economy, or all the people you see selling Chiclets and other things on the streets, in most third world countries in Latin America and in Mexico as well, an increasing number. People who do homework, family, unpaid work, all that kind of thing, who don't receive a page wage, and who are therefore not part of the Social Security System in Mexico too, which is something I'm not even going to talk about, but that's also being undone under this plan. Now, okay, in that period, you also have a certain industrial growth. In the north of Mexico, which I'm going to return to in a minute, you have again about 400,000 jobs under the border industrialization program, or what's commonly called the maquiladora program. But if you think about 400,000 jobs gained versus a million loss, this is not a real good deal. All right. What's the impact of all of this process that's been going on there, and of the general shift in investment that has been going on as a result of that process? Most of this investment, though, not all of it go into the maquiladora program. Well, let's look at Canada just for a second. They've had a free trade agreement with the United States since the beginning of 1989. In the first two years, that program was recorded that 435,000 manufacturing jobs were lost. That's 22% of the total in all of Canada. Now, it will be objected. This took place during a recession, and so it did. Absolutely true. But unlike what happened in the 1980, 81, 82 recession, this time, fully half of these jobs were lost due to permanent plant closings. And what happened to those plants? They went to Laredo areas, notorious for Laredo areas like Buffalo, New York, Detroit, Michigan, places like that. Now, if we can look at that and see what's been happening, then let's return to the United States for a minute and look what's been going on here, as there has been this investment shift that's already going on. Remember, the NAFTA isn't something that's going to create this. The NAFTA is meant to encode this in international law. It's already going on. Just taking one period, 1986 to '89, we can see in the US West Belt, that is basically the Midwest and the Northeast, 300,000 manufacturing jobs were lost in that period. Coincidentally, 250,000 new maquiladora jobs were created at the same time. No, I'm not saying that each of these is a one for one trade off or something like that. It doesn't work quite that simply, but there is somewhat of a correlation. The US auto parts industry, for example, in that same period lost 85,000 jobs, while odd or maquila jobs grew by about 80,000. So there is something going on here. Moving into the '89, '92 period where we have a recession but where business weak and everybody else is admitting there's something more going on here than a business cycle, there is a fundamental restructuring, and indeed, the Magazine Workplace trends out of Cleveland estimates that 1400 jobs have been lost each business day during the period '89 through the middle of '92 as a result of corporate reorganizations and restructurings. So this shift of investment that we're talking about has enormous consequences for much of the United States. There's another thing about this investment, by the way, and that is often when people who are in favor of the Free Trade Agreement talk about it they talk about all this investment is new investment. All in one sense it's new, wasn't where it is before. But in a real sense, most of this investment is nothing but a lateral move. That is if you closed down something in Michigan or Iowa and you open it somewhere else, you don't have a net gain, or at least not very much of a net gain in real investment there. So there's that character to this thing as well. Some of the studies that have been done project no job loss, and some of the studies that have been done project big job loss for the next 10 years. The ITC study, the International Trade Commission says, \"Don't worry. No big job loss here.\" And the reason we can say that are basically two things. One is that that study is based solely on trade flows and doesn't take into consideration investment shift, and the second is it's based on a model of general equilibrium which assumes full employment everywhere while there isn't full employment everywhere. It's a ridiculous assumption. The more critical studies, I'm going to mention two, one done at the University of Massachusetts and one done by the Washington-based Economic Policy Institute estimate job loss anywhere in the US from 290,000 to 550,000. These are only manufacturing jobs. And I think all these studies underestimate the impact considerably because they don't take into consideration the service sector. Now, we think the service sector, you can't export service jobs. Wrong, you can. One of the things that will happen that will create net investment in Mexico and is already going on and it's probably something that needed to be done is the modernization of the business infrastructure down there. The telephone system having been privatized, and now partly controlled by Southwestern Bell, a US company, is proceeding to modernize that whole system. So there's some investment there that's gonna cost about 10,000 jobs, of course, but it is modernization. There are other kinds they're going to modernize the financial system. Modernize is another word for American financial institutions, is gonna go in there and play a very big role and already are in putting in place a lot of the investments that we're talking about. So there are gonna be, there's gonna be somewhat of a shift in financial services and communication services and data processing. The reason that this might, and I can't predict with total accuracy if it will, but might cause a net job loss in the United States has to do with the technology of these particular service industries. That is all of them are based to a large extent on telecommunications technology, that transmission of data and so forth, which is why they have to modernize Telmex. But the flows of this information don't have to necessarily go through any facility in the United States. We, Labor Notes, where I work, we sponsored a tour of some Mexican telephone workers in the United States and Canada last year. And while they were in Toronto, a Michigan, not Michigan, a Bell Canada supervisor told them that Toronto traffic, excess traffic that they couldn't handle with their system could be rerouted through Mexico and back into Toronto at really no extra cost. That is it has to do with satellite technology and all this sort of stuff. What that means, of course, is by implication, there's no need to have a big operator based AT\u0026T unit in upstate New York, like they have or in Michigan, so forth. All of this could be done somewhere else, possibly Mexico, possibly not. And the language thing is not a difficulty in this because they've developed a technology for a lot of these kinds of calls which is called voice recognition, which can recognize any language. So there's no problem, no human beings require nothing there, just a lateral move again of a certain kind of work that used to be performed by human beings. So these kinds of things. Service things can be impacted in various ways. There's another side to this whole thing of shifting investment. And that is what happens to the companies that remain in the old site paying the higher wages and the higher costs of all kinds. Well, one thing they do is create what is now being called a contingent workforce. That is they don't want to have these people who are making 10 or $15 an hour, so they go to a temp agency and they hire some temporary workers, and then when they don't need them, they're gone. It's not a layoff. It's just gone. And there's an interesting quote from the owner of a national temporary agency who said, \"We used to be in the business of replacing workers, so now our business is different. It's a major cost cutting tool for American corporations. That's a big change in industry that used to employ a couple of hundred thousands in the '70s now employs over 1.6 million people. And of course, there's part-time work and all the rest of that. Finally, in terms of this projection, we're talking now about the future the same study says that if you look at the impact on such investment shifts on wages and incomes in general, their estimate is that in terms of the US, you can expect a downward movement of 1.2 to 4.2% over this period of 1992 to the year 2000, over an-eight-year period. And that figure is in addition to whatever inflation or regular unemployment does to wages in that period. I would also point out that the industries that are being most affected by some of these shifts in investment are the most unionized, and they exist very heavily in the 15 states that have above average unionization rates in manufacturing, which means that as these jobs disappear, the unionization rate in the society as a whole will go even farther down than it is now which is very low indeed, and the ability of unions to bargain wage increases will go down. So we will see income falling everywhere. By the way, I forgot to mention that in Mexico, the income consequence of all that that I was talking about was a drop in the average wage of 67%, from 1982 to 1991, and a drop of 48% for the wages of industrial workers who are unionized in general and more able to resist some of this in Mexico. Now there's a certain geographic specificity to all the stuff that's been going on, it's important to understand if we want to see how it is gonna affect the United States and how it's going to affect Mexico and to some extent how it will affect Canada, although I'm not going to go into detail in Canada, University of California economist Ralph Fernandez did a book on the whole US-Mexico border industrialization phenomena, and drew this conclusion about the past 10 years or so. Hhe said, \"The center of gravity of manufacturing has shifted from the Capital City, Mexico City and Monterrey to the Mexican American border area. And indeed, that's what's happened. As these number, these million jobs that are estimated that were lost in Mexico. They weren't lost randomly all over the country, they were lost in the sights of traditional production in Central Mexico, not just in the capital city, but in a cluster of cities that exist in and around Central Mexico. So there has been a kind of hollowing out in central Mexico and a process of industrialization in the north of Mexico. So this thing not only impacts the United States, it also impacts part of Mexico itself, and a very important part of it. I could go into more details, specifically in terms of the automobile industry, but I'm running a little late so I'm not going to do that right now. What should be understood, though, about these new plants that are being built in Mexico, is that if you have this image of a maquiladora plant as some cinderblock, garments sweatshop, you can forget it. That's maybe what it was 10 years ago, but they're not like that anymore. These are state-of-the-art, high-tech plants, moving up the ladder of technology pretty steadily and quite capable and able of training workers down there to work at levels of efficiency that match those in the United States, surpass those in Europe and are about equal to those low-wage countries in Asia as well, places like Indonesia and Thailand and so forth, which would be alternative sites if it wasn't for the just-in-time phenomena here, and the need for some kind of geographic proximity. All right. Decline then is going to occur in a number of places. We can see it in the US-Canada Rust Belt, the upper Midwest, on into Ontario, and the northeast of the United States. That's been going on for quite a while. It isn't only about this phenomena, but this phenomena is a large part of it. Something that is newer, the deindustrialization of the industrial upper South Sunbelt that is in the 1960s and '70s, a lot of American corporations opened branch plants in the upper South North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, and so forth. These plants are now beginning to move south of the border to Mexico. And in the Southwest of the United States where a number of industries, electronics and garment developed in the, again, '60s '70s and so forth, these industries too are shifting at first gradually and now at an accelerated rate into Northern Mexico. And as I mentioned before, jobs are being lost in central Mexico. So the industrial map, if you were to take an industrial map, I actually did this in my little Harvard graphic things, but I don't have any way of showing it to you and draw employment concentrations in manufacturing in 1970, and then do it again in all three countries. And then draw the same map again in late '80s, the most recent figures I could get that were comprehensive, you would see that this map is totally different. The industrial map of North America has already been redesigned and changed. More is yet to come. There's this question of in developing theory, there's question of linkages, economic linkages. In the old days, if Ford set up a plant in Dearborn, Michigan, then you know 2,700 supplier plants would spring up in Dearborn, Michigan or somewhere more or less near the Detroit area. The linkages in the new system, the internationalized lean production system are different. Because they're not linked to any specific geographic area, they do have geographic impact, but they don't necessarily develop any linkages, for example, Northern Mexico. All the plants that are in Northern Mexico under the maquila program and most of the new ones that are not maquila plants, including 6 high-tech, high-production auto plants in Northern Mexico are linked to the American economy. They're basically linked to the automobile industry of the Midwest. Other maquila plants are linked. For example, those in Tijuana in the garment and electronics are linked to California garment and electronics manufacturers and so forth. There is no backward linkage in Mexico. You don't get genuine development in the old sense of the word. You get something different. And I could go through the specific geographic areas, but there's the United Nations study that refers to this whole phenomenal as a regional core strategy, and that's basically when you think about these economic blocks, that's what I was mentioning before. If you have this internationalized system of lean production, its core is going to be in the major advanced, most developed country, the wealthiest country, and the other things strung out across borders. This creates varied kinds of specific linkages through corporations as well, whereas we used to think of economic linkages as something that would occur, like I say, in one geographic area or something. Now these linkages occur through this inter firm trade, intra firm trade I was talking about before. They are controlled and managed by the multinational corporations that dominate this entire process. So the UN study shows, that for example, in some of the central industries in this process, intra firm trade accounts for an enormous amount of the total trade between the United States and Mexico. In the production of cars and engines, it's 99%, hardly any leakage at all there. In other industries like electrical and electronic equipment, pharmaceuticals, tires, and rubber, it's 81% or more according to the UN. Now in some other industries, if you look at it, it's deceptively low. If you look at garment or if you look at auto parts, for auto parts, it's 21. They actually didn't have a figure on garment. The reason it's deceptively low is that it's true, this is not intra firm trade because in the garment industry or the auto parts industry, you're talking about thousands of tiny competing companies. But these companies are linked to the same large multinational corporations through subcontracting arrangements. So the trade that's taking place is trade that is under the terms of the large multinationals and not those of the competitive firms. All right. I want to give three examples in the United States of how this impact looks at the local level. First is El Paso, Texas. The garment industry there, in 1975, El Paso was a town that had I think about six, maybe eight very huge garment plants that belong to companies like Levi and Lee and Farah and so forth. These plants employed 2000 to 3000 people in each one. They were unionized. They paid 10 to $15 an hour back then. Then when the garment industry began to open up under the border industrialization program across the Rio Grande in Ciudad Juarez, this kind of operation was no longer competitive. So what these companies did was basically they broke up their operations. They closed the big plants and they outsourced or subcontracted the work to dozens scores of tiny sweat shops. And the industry today in El Paso is completely different than it was 10 or 15.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115598#t=0.0,2756.544"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e In the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=6.358,7.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how this impact looks at the local level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=7.5,11.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First is El Paso, Texas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=11.75,13.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(clears throat)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=15.089,15.922"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The garment industry there in 1975","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=15.922,18.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"El Paso was a town that had,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=18.55,20.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think about six, maybe eight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=20.81,23.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very huge garment plants that belong to companies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=23.22,26.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like Levi and Lee and Farah and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=26.05,29.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These plants employ two to 3000 people in each one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=29.51,32.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were unionized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=32.44,33.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They paid 10 to $15 an hour, back then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=33.3,37.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then when the garment industry began to open up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=37.573,40.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the broader industrialization program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=40.15,42.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across the Rio Grande in Ciudad Juarez,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=42.28,44.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this kind of operation was no longer competitive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=46.736,50.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what these companies did was basically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=50.76,53.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they broke up their operations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=53.29,54.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They closed the big plants and they outsourced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=54.5,57.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or subcontracted the work to dozens scores","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=57.27,62.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of tiny sweat shops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=62.35,63.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the industry today in El Paso is completely different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=63.577,67.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than it was 10 or 15 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=67.49,69.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's composed of about 150 sweat shops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=69.18,72.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are two or three semi large plants left,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=72.33,75.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but most of it is sub contracting work that has to compete","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=75.37,78.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the subcontracting work done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=78.72,80.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across the border for one 10th of the wage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=80.33,83.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it does this by paying minimum wage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=83.58,87.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and no benefits whatsoever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=87.05,89.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the only reason","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=90.9,92.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this industry actually the employment shrank a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=92.12,96.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you can imagine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=96.28,97.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under that kind of a situation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=97.113,99.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recently they've had a rebirth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=99.24,100.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is very typical border industrialization phenomenon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=100.9,104.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the United States and Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=104.69,106.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is on the US side remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=106.92,108.861"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The big boom in employment came","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=108.861,111.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the popularity of stonewashed jeans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=111.08,116.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of you have stonewashed jeans on I know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=116.29,118.451"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well how these are made, huh?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=118.451,121.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are made by using vast amounts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=121.83,124.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of water from the Rio Grande","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=124.23,126.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is scarce already an ecological disaster.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=126.31,130.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And putting into that pumice stone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=130.16,132.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all kinds of toxic chemicals and acids,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=132.0,135.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which the workers work with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=135.19,136.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you know, it's a job.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=136.69,137.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, all right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=137.87,139.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're pouring all this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=139.01,139.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the Rio Grande river and all the rest of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=139.88,142.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And people talk about, well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=142.38,143.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they don't enforce ecological laws in Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=143.65,146.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't enforce them in Texas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=146.96,149.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's a pretty documented fact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=149.02,152.279"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right, moving along.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=152.279,154.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's look at Los Angeles for a minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=154.07,156.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Los Angeles in the garment industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=158.52,160.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a very similar phenomenon take place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=160.51,162.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, you know, a number of years ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=162.64,165.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as production began to develop in Tijuana.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=165.05,167.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In that case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=167.67,168.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in both the garment and electronics industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=168.81,172.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you had a fragmentation of the industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=172.37,174.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"East Los Angeles where most of the garment is placed now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=174.62,179.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is actually worse than El Paso","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=179.27,181.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the sense that things are so subcontracted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=181.34,184.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that vast numbers of the people who work there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=184.8,187.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mostly people from central America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=187.63,189.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Mexico working in not even sweat shops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=189.5,193.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they work in garage shops, or they do homework","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=193.45,195.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for below minimum wage on piecework basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=195.68,198.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's, they're illegal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=198.61,201.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of it is illegal, but it goes on on a massive scale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=201.22,204.206"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to drive through and see this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=204.206,206.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and talk to people it's pretty depressing actually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=206.64,211.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's one thing that happened there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=211.87,213.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there's something else that happened there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=213.6,215.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at which we'll explain a recent event in our history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=216.831,219.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the 1960s and '70s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=220.93,222.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beginning with actually going back to world war II","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=222.73,224.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Los Angeles was an industrial town","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=224.96,227.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not just little sweatshops, either.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=227.48,229.444"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It had a lot of big places","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=229.444,231.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the Pico Rivera, Ford plant, GM van Lines plant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=231.35,236.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which only recently announced it was going to close forever","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=236.14,238.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"permanently goodbye, and several others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=238.83,242.325"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When this kind of when the auto industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=242.325,246.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and these kinds of industries began to shift investment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=246.7,249.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the late seventies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=249.98,250.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is when this began specifically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=250.99,252.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that industry was closed down almost overnight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=254.24,257.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Los Angeles, between 1978 and 82","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=257.14,262.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a mere 10 plants closed costing 75,000 blue collar jobs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=262.193,267.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Almost all of those blue collar jobs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=268.74,270.425"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were held by people who lived in South central LA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=270.425,275.029"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Does that ring a bell?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=275.029,277.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another 100,000 manufacturing jobs were lost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=277.07,280.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through similar processes later, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=280.08,283.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1980s and then boom explosion, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=283.03,287.449"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there's Detroit my hometown,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=287.449,289.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or at least where I've been living","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=289.96,291.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for what seems like forever,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=291.29,294.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same process, it's more complicated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=294.157,298.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it isn't just related to Mexico,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=298.64,300.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it is very heavily related to Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=300.007,303.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Twenty-five plants closed since the late seventies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=303.09,305.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basically only two new plants opened in Detroit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=305.68,308.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this whole period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=308.92,310.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Northern Mexico, however,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=310.623,312.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside of the Maquiladora program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=312.89,314.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forget that for a minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=314.707,316.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Six new state-of-the-art assembly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=316.68,319.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and engine plants were opened in this period are rich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=319.39,322.859"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their production is geared towards the United States market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=322.859,327.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, that's the major thing to be said about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=327.44,329.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of this industrialization that's taking place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=329.74,332.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Northern Mexico,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=332.94,334.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that 80 to 90% of it is directed towards the U S 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world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=405.55,407.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where this kind of industrialization takes place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=407.67,410.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is 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Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=426.799,428.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not all of the Ciudad Juarez is a shanty town,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=429.54,434.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but most of the growth of it 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displaced,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=439.23,440.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're moving into these areas in search of jobs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=440.33,443.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sometimes they're coming into the United 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Tijuana,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=459.66,462.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't go out and develop housing for these workers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=462.66,466.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They go out and develop industrial 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Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=515.08,517.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where this has been going on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=517.51,518.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is no 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amazing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=548.72,550.246"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"El Paso and Cuidad Juarez can see each other across river,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=550.246,555.246"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which isn't the case with all the border towns,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=555.64,557.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in this case you can actually see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=557.67,559.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ciudad Juarez is like all border towns","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=559.97,562.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States is predominantly Mexican","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=562.6,564.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and way below average in income in the United 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side","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=573.24,574.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's like night and day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=574.7,576.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The degree of poverty, you know, in Ciudad Juarez compared","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=576.25,579.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the degree of poverty in El Paso.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=579.85,583.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And part of the reason has to 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militarized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=587.93,592.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yet porous border.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=592.34,595.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Militarized I see people said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=595.15,597.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"What are you talking about?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=597.237,598.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=598.64,599.835"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, if you haven't seen it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=599.835,600.668"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's hard to realize.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=600.668,601.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You go down to the US,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=601.53,603.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the side of the border, where people come in from Mexico,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=603.82,607.539"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's like all lit up and it's like a fortress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=607.539,610.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's got ins guards and all kinds of guards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=610.53,612.647"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're carrying, you know, arms and all this stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=612.647,616.345"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The border is patrolled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=616.345,618.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and these big Broncos and down there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=618.2,620.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even on horseback and all of that, and people are killed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=620.25,623.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I heard a figure that in the San Diego Tijuana border area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=623.97,628.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more people had been killed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=628.47,629.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last I think 20 years there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=629.96,634.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than were killed altogether the Berlin wall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=634.46,637.498"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pretty shocking figure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=637.498,639.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the phenomena there is to keep wages low in Mexico","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=640.44,644.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the one hand by making it illegal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=644.363,646.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to enter to the United States without a green card","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=646.59,649.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and illuminating the number of green cards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=649.15,651.651"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And on the other hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=651.651,653.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those who get into the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=653.38,655.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without documentation to keep them terrorized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=655.58,658.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that they won't complain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=658.45,659.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about working at minimum wage or less.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=659.77,662.315"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this kind of situation now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=662.315,665.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think is one of the reasons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=665.59,667.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why development is very difficult","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=667.16,668.814"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beyond the industrial aspect of it in Northern Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=668.814,673.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no markets spill over in the classical sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=673.34,677.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People's wages are not coming up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=677.01,679.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the other side of the border.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=679.0,680.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're being held down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=680.29,681.668"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the government, by complicit trade unions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=681.668,685.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and buying the American corporations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=685.21,687.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are in there sitting on top of this whole process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=687.56,691.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just want to conclude","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=691.55,692.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by saying that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=692.85,694.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think when you begin to understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=694.21,696.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the North American free trade agreement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=696.477,698.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this sense as a shift of investment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=698.9,701.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a change of the industrial map","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=701.43,703.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one that has very specific ramifications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=703.32,706.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in specific geographic places","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=706.11,708.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in certainly in the United States and Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=708.42,712.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think by implication in Canada as well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=712.5,715.434"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you begin to see that professor Galbraith was off the mark,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=715.434,719.995"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when he said this will not have any impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=719.995,722.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on our two nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=722.35,723.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=723.63,725.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And furthermore, looking at what's going on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=725.16,728.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the border area, in, you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=728.05,732.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the us Mexican border area, what I see there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=732.24,735.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what I think if you read the history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=735.71,737.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of almost any third world nation or continent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=737.57,741.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I see going on there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=741.32,742.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the making of a gigantic explosion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=742.78,745.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the mirror image of Los Angeles over there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=745.52,748.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Los Angeles is the mirror image of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=748.72,751.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are strikes in these plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=751.63,753.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there are land seizures in the cities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=753.277,755.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because that's the only way people can get a place to live.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=755.42,758.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's conflict of this sort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=759.879,761.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it all seems to be building up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=761.78,764.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you take a place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=764.1,765.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like Ciudad Juarez that had 600,000 people 10 years ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=765.17,768.744"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you today have over a million people living there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=768.744,772.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with no infrastructure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=772.73,774.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're heading for an enormous social explosion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=774.273,778.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think that indeed in our lifetime","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=778.57,781.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the next several years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=781.31,782.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that once the North American","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=782.93,784.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"free trade agreement encodes these processes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=784.73,788.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in international law","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=788.8,790.778"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and kind of writes it in stone in a certain sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=790.778,794.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if it didn't create the process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=794.68,796.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we will be looking for to an era","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=797.52,800.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of pretty serious economic dislocation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=800.65,803.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thanks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=803.51,804.905"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=804.905,807.655"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess we're gonna take comments and questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=812.408,815.865"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a few minutes here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=815.865,816.698"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=818.042,819.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=820.088,822.671"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"driven by changes in technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=825.31,827.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and automation(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=827.44,830.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I think Technology plays an important role","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=831.44,835.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in all of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=835.33,836.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, I didn't go into it but it does","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=836.56,838.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a number of ways, first of all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=838.71,841.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it makes the decentralization of this process practical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=841.69,845.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a way that maybe it wasn't 20 or 30 years ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=845.25,847.808"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did mention about telecommunications.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=847.808,851.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't over emphasize how important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=851.42,854.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that kind of technology is in the new production systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=854.31,857.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These plants that may be thousands of miles apart","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=857.68,860.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are linked electronically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=860.68,862.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in what they call synchronous manufacturing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=862.49,865.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of the latest developments in these systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=865.22,867.434"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And just in time inventory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=867.434,869.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though you're talking about thousands of miles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=869.62,871.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of geography and terrain between them, you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=871.91,874.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they can be electronically setting inventory levels,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=874.89,878.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"production levels, and other plants and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=878.72,880.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think, yeah, it does.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=880.89,882.176"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the other side of it is because we are in the era","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=882.176,886.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of rather breathtaking mind, boggling technological change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=886.72,891.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the things that happens is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=892.136,894.426"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as new investment replaces old,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=894.426,898.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it employs a lot fewer people, not a few fewer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=898.1,900.832"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot fewer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=900.832,902.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GM is going to replace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=902.93,904.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't even go into the GM example, but you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=904.36,907.056"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably many of you know they announced this year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=907.056,910.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, closing 21 plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=910.08,912.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"87 of us, they're going to close 11.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=912.06,916.112"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, in the 1980s, they built 31 plants in Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=916.112,920.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, you know, there's a very definite shift here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=920.52,922.888"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the plants that they're going to build","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=922.888,925.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the next two or three years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=925.89,927.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will replace an old plant in Mexico city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=927.21,930.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It will employ exactly the same number of workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=930.0,932.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we'll produce twice the number of cars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=932.48,935.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's the impact of technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=935.65,937.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, you get more profit for the buck,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=937.78,941.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more production for the buck,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=941.67,943.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you don't get more employment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=943.16,944.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e How do you suggest (indistinct) the American worker","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=948.08,953.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"change because you want so much the same time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=953.74,955.209"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=955.209,957.626"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or how can we change our mind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=962.855,964.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the way they are thinking to stop this change?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=964.06,966.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I think the most, I think to be perfectly honest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=967.373,971.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think we can stop the change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=971.87,974.579"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, I think we can modify certain things about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=974.579,978.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think there is a different way to do it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=978.0,981.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we don't control the governmental processes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=981.14,983.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would you know, allow that to happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=983.88,987.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's more than just the question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=987.27,988.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of labor rights and environment rights","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=988.62,990.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but what I think American workers need to do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=990.32,992.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of them are beginning to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=992.9,994.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to change their whole mind frame","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=994.96,996.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what their labor movement is about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=996.87,999.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we get the idea that we can circle the wagons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=999.94,1003.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this kind of an internationalized economy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1003.34,1006.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and simply say to hell with everybody else,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1006.15,1008.446"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we're going to lose totally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1008.446,1010.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the whole ability to get some kind of industrial stability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1010.44,1015.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in North America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1015.51,1017.548"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rests on a strategy of what I would call","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1017.548,1021.845"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"upward harmonization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1021.845,1023.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harmonization is a term they use in trade economics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1023.06,1026.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and just means making everything more or less the same.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1026.76,1029.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, in most wages, this kind of free trade 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unions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1130.216,1133.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this was the official CTM union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1133.29,1135.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, the government dominated union actually went","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1135.6,1138.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and did this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1138.88,1139.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So some of the stuff makes a 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kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1151.59,1153.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of operator equipment that I was talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1153.6,1156.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to explain, to talk with the Mexican workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1156.204,1160.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about how they had responded to this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1160.29,1163.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not just in technological or technical 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run.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1179.052,1181.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's not kid ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1181.7,1182.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not going to happen overnight, but in the long run","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1182.7,1185.129"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the raising of the incomes of Mexican workers, you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1185.129,1189.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has got, so we can get to the point where we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1189.31,1191.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the workers, a level playing field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1191.92,1195.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1195.153,1198.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1198.05,1198.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You got it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1198.883,1199.716"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I deeply share your concern and worries but,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1203.36,1206.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what kind of solution do you have in mind?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1209.79,1211.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That, to me, seems like one would be a solution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1211.76,1216.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but he desperately but the problem is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1217.32,1220.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with systematic and consistent high on endpoint,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1220.017,1225.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is really hard to have a cooperation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1226.254,1231.254"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even within a region it is really hard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1231.63,1233.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and international terms its really hard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1233.95,1236.944"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How can you put (indistinct) under a system(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1236.944,1241.944"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you're right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1244.53,1245.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very difficult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1245.363,1246.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, I think the answer ultimately lies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1246.33,1250.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the sort of proposals that has come out of Mexico","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1250.03,1254.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"primarily from Quadramed Cardenas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1254.48,1258.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some other opposition leaders in Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1258.2,1260.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what they're saying is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1260.91,1263.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they don't want the North American free trade agreement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1263.16,1266.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it is written,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1266.24,1267.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they recognize as I think almost everybody does","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1267.84,1270.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that any trade in the world, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1270.53,1273.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, you know, we're not isolationists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1273.53,1275.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(clears throat)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1277.639,1278.802"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So trade is a reality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1278.802,1279.635"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question is who's going to control it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1279.635,1281.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, I read a figure that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1281.923,1283.951"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"40% of world trade is now intra from trade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1283.951,1288.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is to say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1288.86,1289.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"multinational corporations regulate 40% of world trade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1289.693,1294.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's absolutely astounding if it's true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1294.36,1296.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And even if it's much less than that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1298.64,1300.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's still pretty astounding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1300.24,1302.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they're regulating world trade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1302.35,1304.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are other ways to regulate it as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1304.64,1307.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what Cardenas is proposing is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1307.46,1310.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have a tri national","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1310.91,1312.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or perhaps hemispheric or regional development pact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1312.91,1317.194"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a different idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1317.194,1318.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instead of just letting Mexico's agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1318.777,1322.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go to hell so that you get these 10 to 15 million","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1322.21,1324.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people flooding the cities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1324.99,1326.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking for jobs and creating the unemployment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1327.79,1330.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're telling me about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1330.18,1331.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of which was done by virtue of policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1331.3,1333.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This wasn't some active nature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1333.77,1335.786"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let's have a different policy about agriculture in Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1335.786,1339.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One that allows them to return","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1339.12,1340.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a level of self-sufficiency they once had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1340.97,1343.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was joking earlier about Iowa corn, but Mexico, of course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1343.204,1347.052"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"corn was their like major agricultural product.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1347.052,1352.052"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But somewhere in the 1980s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1352.3,1355.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had to begin importing corn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1355.22,1357.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the destruction of the old agricultural system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1357.667,1361.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its irrational.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1361.23,1362.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not that corn is cheaper when it's imported","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1362.84,1365.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the United States, that's nonsense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1365.41,1366.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's more expensive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1366.98,1368.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, you know, having a development pack","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1368.75,1373.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that allows for different paces of growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1373.3,1376.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the different countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1376.52,1377.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but allows for attention to different kind of sectors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1377.79,1381.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like agriculture and so on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1381.81,1383.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a way that creates some kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1383.733,1387.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"upward motion for the long run, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1387.22,1389.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that could be internationally negotiated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1389.217,1391.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Personally, I do not believe that the current governments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1391.82,1394.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the three nations are going to do anything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1394.7,1397.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the sort,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1397.11,1398.476"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's just, you know, utopian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1398.476,1401.515"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's even very unlikely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1401.515,1403.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I would name them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1403.64,1405.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you know, some other candidate, one in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1405.51,1408.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he would do much in that direction either","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1408.98,1411.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there are alternatives certainly in Mexico","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1412.16,1416.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in Canada,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1416.43,1417.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the alternative political parties have this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1417.32,1419.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as part of their program, the new Democrats","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1419.49,1422.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Canada and the party of the democratic in Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1422.2,1426.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, they need some friends here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1428.498,1430.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I've been told that the last 100, 150 years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1436.053,1438.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of industrial revolution or development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1438.66,1442.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on balance created more jobs than were lost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1442.67,1445.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as things change, do you have any feelings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1445.82,1448.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the next hundred years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1448.17,1450.401"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as we move to the information age revolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1450.401,1453.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it's the same with Penelope's situation will exist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1453.8,1457.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or whatever we got major problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1457.83,1459.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on decrease in number of jobs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1459.39,1462.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Absolutely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1462.64,1463.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think if we don't get to the notion where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1463.7,1466.644"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1466.644,1468.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in any other country that we have to begin doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1468.04,1470.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is just the minimum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1470.8,1471.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, there's a zillion things you need to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1471.9,1474.525"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to keep there from being masked unemployment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1474.525,1476.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think steps could be taken","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1476.58,1478.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it would make a big difference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1478.29,1479.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the way, in North America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1479.54,1480.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if this were part of a trilateral agreement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1480.87,1483.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what I'm talking about here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1483.14,1484.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the shortening of the workweek.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1484.01,1486.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is you can't go on working people 48 to 60 hours a week","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1486.21,1490.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United 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month","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1492.8,1495.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the equivalent of a month more each year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1495.45,1497.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than we did in the late 60s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1497.46,1499.395"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Imagine that, you know, that's ridiculous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1499.395,1502.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we have all this technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1502.26,1503.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's putting people out of work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1503.55,1505.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and everybody's doing overtime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1505.03,1506.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The UAW, the United Auto Workers estimated that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1506.91,1509.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they had just eliminated overtime in the year, 1988","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1509.48,1513.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would have created 85,000 jobs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1513.373,1516.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, all the jobs that were lost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1516.42,1518.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Mexico in that period could have been salvaged.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1518.15,1522.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, you know, it gets a little complicated, but more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1522.11,1525.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or less you, you could do that kind of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1525.44,1529.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They've begun to do that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1529.16,1530.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Europe and in Germany, in particular where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1530.22,1532.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there they will have 35 hour standard week in 1995.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1532.71,1537.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think they're moving fast enough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1537.59,1539.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think if we did that in the three countries here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1539.65,1542.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in industry in Mexico, it's a 48 hour week","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1542.31,1544.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the tequila plants, it's longer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1544.907,1546.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here, we're working 48, well average of 43 hours","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1548.101,1551.651"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in a lot of industries, much more than that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1551.651,1554.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we're in a recession, it doesn't make any sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1554.017,1557.561"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, one solution to the problem is to kind of link","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1557.561,1561.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to think of it this way, to begin to link the amount","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1563.259,1565.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of time people work to increases in productivity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1565.94,1570.299"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So then as productivity rises because of technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1570.299,1573.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the amount of work time goes down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1573.89,1577.004"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, of course the, the contentious element","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1577.004,1581.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in here will be what happens to wages, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1581.23,1584.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are they going to go down with the hours","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1584.66,1586.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or are they going to go up for the productivity?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1586.48,1588.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, you know, it doesn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1588.34,1590.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it says one idea I have another,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1590.06,1591.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think that is one of the things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1591.773,1595.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have to move towards on a world scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1595.51,1598.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when you talk about it on a world scale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1598.09,1600.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even eliminating three or four hours on a world scale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1600.81,1604.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would create so many jobs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1604.61,1606.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's absolutely mind-blowing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1606.24,1608.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Corporations don't like this because they say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1608.1,1610.487"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"No it won't make us competitive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1610.487,1612.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're doing all this stuff, this technology, this industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1612.53,1616.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this internationalized, lean production to get competitive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1616.32,1619.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not to give you guys a good time.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1619.78,1621.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there'll be an objection to it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1621.92,1624.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it seems to me that that's what we have to push for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1624.62,1628.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a minimum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1628.3,1629.939"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1629.939,1632.522"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1635.9,1637.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1637.46,1638.925"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that's harder and I'm more nervous about it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1638.925,1641.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it often involves state coercion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1641.57,1645.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and, you know `things like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1645.78,1648.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not saying that I'm certainly not against birth control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1648.19,1651.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and things of that sort, but there've been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1651.72,1655.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a kind of side to that, which makes me nervous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1655.93,1660.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have to admit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1660.68,1662.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But yeah, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1662.123,1663.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That would make a difference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1663.34,1665.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1665.6,1666.881"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think controlling the work, regulating production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1666.881,1670.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through regulating hours, you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1670.07,1672.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is more important really,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1672.29,1674.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and more doable in the short run.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1674.67,1676.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You are saying that rather than in all the time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1678.308,1683.308"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just limiting on the working hours for a week","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1684.076,1688.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the rest of the hours was given to others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1688.89,1691.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that way it will increase the employment rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1691.82,1695.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if the people are working over time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1695.8,1699.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it has been suggested by some others","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1699.61,1703.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like some economists and some individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1703.82,1707.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they work over time to make the lost week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1708.98,1713.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If That's the case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1716.0,1717.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then limiting the weekly working hours","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1717.0,1721.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll put the employee pupil in the living one that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1721.91,1726.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may not be a standard living","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1729.96,1731.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the minimum standard living,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1731.86,1733.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but at least the dead will go that way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1733.477,1735.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and which will affect their income and their life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1735.96,1740.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so much, so how..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1741.64,1743.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I do believe that as you shorten the work time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1743.15,1746.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you do have to raise the hourly rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1746.5,1748.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, to come and say for this, for what you're talking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1749.232,1751.864"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1751.864,1752.899"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you don't do that, you will get a backlash","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1752.899,1754.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to it, you know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1754.64,1755.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, and so it seems that we've kind of grown over our time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1755.873,1760.125"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and just want to thank you all for coming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1760.125,1761.749"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=1761.749,1764.499"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27323/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/323/original/AV204121_Deregulating_a_Continent_b.vtt?1622143593","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/323/original/AV204121_Deregulating_a_Continent_b.vtt?1622143593"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27324","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204121_Deregulating_a_Continent_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599/transcript/27324/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [speaker] In the United States of how this impact looks at the local level. First is El Paso, Texas. The garment industry there in 1975 El Paso was a town that had, I think about six, maybe eight very huge garment plants that belong to companies like Levi and Lee and Farah and so forth. These plants employ two to 3000 people in each one, They were unionized. They paid 10 to $15 an hour, back then. Then when the garment industry began to open up under the broader industrialization program across the Rio Grande in Ciudad Juarez, this kind of operation was no longer competitive. So what these companies did was basically they broke up their operations. They closed the big plants and they outsourced or subcontracted the work to dozens scores of tiny sweat shops. And the industry today in El Paso is completely different than it was 10 or 15 years ago. It's composed of about 150 sweat shops. There are two or three semi large plants left, but most of it is sub contracting work that has to compete with the subcontracting work done across the border for one 10th of the wage. And it does this by paying minimum wage and no benefits whatsoever. And the only reason that this industry actually the employment shrank a lot as you can imagine under that kind of a situation, recently they've had a rebirth. This is very typical border industrialization phenomenon between the United States and Mexico. And this is on the US side remember. The big boom in employment came because of the popularity of stonewashed jeans. Many of you have stonewashed jeans on I know. Well how these are made, huh? These are made by using vast amounts of water from the Rio Grande which is scarce already an ecological disaster. And putting into that pumice stone and all kinds of toxic chemicals and acids, which the workers work with. But you know, it's a job. So, all right they're pouring all this into the Rio Grande river and all the rest of it. And people talk about, well they don't enforce ecological laws in Mexico. They don't enforce them in Texas. And that's a pretty documented fact. All right, moving along. Let's look at Los Angeles for a minute. Los Angeles in the garment industry had a very similar phenomenon take place. Again, you know, a number of years ago as production began to develop in Tijuana. In that case, in both the garment and electronics industry you had a fragmentation of the industry. East Los Angeles where most of the garment is placed now is actually worse than El Paso in the sense that things are so subcontracted that vast numbers of the people who work there mostly people from central America and Mexico working in not even sweat shops they work in garage shops, or they do homework for below minimum wage on piecework basis. It's, they're illegal. Some of it is illegal, but it goes on on a massive scale and to drive through and see this and talk to people it's pretty depressing actually. So that's one thing that happened there but there's something else that happened there at which we'll explain a recent event in our history. In the 1960s and '70s beginning with actually going back to world war II Los Angeles was an industrial town not just little sweatshops, either. It had a lot of big places like the Pico Rivera, Ford plant, GM van Lines plant, which only recently announced it was going to close forever permanently goodbye, and several others. When this kind of when the auto industry and these kinds of industries began to shift investment in the late seventies which is when this began specifically, that industry was closed down almost overnight. In Los Angeles, between 1978 and 82 a mere 10 plants closed costing 75,000 blue collar jobs. Almost all of those blue collar jobs were held by people who lived in South central LA. Does that ring a bell? Another 100,000 manufacturing jobs were lost through similar processes later, you know, in the 1980s and then boom explosion, okay. Now there's Detroit my hometown, or at least where I've been living for what seems like forever, the same process, it's more complicated and it isn't just related to Mexico, but it is very heavily related to Mexico. Twenty-five plants closed since the late seventies basically only two new plants opened in Detroit and this whole period. In Northern Mexico, however, outside of the Maquiladora program, forget that for a minute. Six new state-of-the-art assembly and engine plants were opened in this period are rich. Their production is geared towards the United States market. I mean, that's the major thing to be said about all of this industrialization that's taking place in Northern Mexico, is that 80 to 90% of it is directed towards the U S market. Mexico is too poor and getting poorer to have a sizeable market. It does have a sizeable middle-class but that remains a limited phenomenon in economic terms. And so, for example, automobile production doubled in the last few years in Mexico, but domestic consumption velomobiles remained at the 1981 level. And all of the new production in Mexico Was for export mostly to the United States. All right. So we have here in a certain sense what I'm trying to get at. If you look at this process in geographic specific ways that you have as a kind of bipolar process, a process of industrialization at one end and a process of de-industrialization at another end. But what's remarkable about this process is that the end result of the process at both ends is disturbingly similar. And what I mean by that is basically the phenomenon of the impound realization of the inner cities in the United States. And the rise of a phenomenon in Northern Mexico that is familiar anywhere in the third world where this kind of industrialization takes place. And that is basically this is the situation of modern plants, State-of-the-art plants facing. Shanty towns basically, you can see this anywhere from Soweto, South Africa, San Paolo, Brazil, to see it and Mexico. Not all of the Ciudad Juarez is a shanty town, but most of the growth of it is. As these workers are coming off the land, being displaced, they're moving into these areas in search of jobs. Sometimes they're coming into the United States but they're looking for work in Mexico as well. And there has been a growth in jobs in these areas enough to attract people, but not nearly enough to employ them all. And where are they going to live? Developers in Ciudad Juarez or Tijuana, don't go out and develop housing for these workers. They go out and develop industrial parks where money to be made. And so you have huge, vast, expanding residential areas for workers that are basically without any urban services or infrastructure. They're without regular electricity, without regular running water, without roads, without sidewalks, without street lights and most important in these cases without sewerage. And you can look at Psuedo and these places that have been like this for three to four decades and you can say, \"well isn't the history that, you know, you go from being a Shanty to being a cinder block house.\" And then the next thing is, you know, you get this well if you have money and if your wages go up, that may happen, but that isn't what's happening now. We can see that after three or four decades in some of the places in Latin America and Africa, where this has been going on, there is no change. The most you can aspire to, under these kinds of situations, you know, is basically a cinder-block house. And that's pretty much the kind of industrialization that is going on and that is going to be encouraged by the North American free trade agreement. I would just say that having recently been down there the visual nature of this effect is amazing. El Paso and Cuidad Juarez can see each other across river, which isn't the case with all the border towns, but in this case you can actually see. Ciudad Juarez is like all border towns in the United States is predominantly Mexican and way below average in income in the United States. And yet that is the difference between the two cities on one side and the other side it's like night and day. The degree of poverty, you know, in Ciudad Juarez compared to the degree of poverty in El Paso. And part of the reason has to do with the nature of the border, that is, we have created what is basically a militarized yet porous border. Militarized I see people said, \"What are you talking about?\" Yeah. Again, if you haven't seen it, it's hard to realize. You go down to the US, the side of the border, where people come in from Mexico, and it's like all lit up and it's like a fortress and it's got ins guards and all kinds of guards they're carrying, you know, arms and all this stuff. The border is patrolled and these big Broncos and down there even on horseback and all of that, and people are killed. I heard a figure that in the San Diego Tijuana border area more people had been killed in the last I think 20 years there than were killed altogether the Berlin wall. Pretty shocking figure. So the phenomena there is to keep wages low in Mexico and the one hand by making it illegal to enter to the United States without a green card and illuminating the number of green cards. And on the other hand, those who get into the United States without documentation to keep them terrorized so that they won't complain about working at minimum wage or less. And this kind of situation now, I think is one of the reasons why development is very difficult beyond the industrial aspect of it in Northern Mexico. There is no markets spill over in the classical sense. People's wages are not coming up on the other side of the border. They're being held down by the government, by complicit trade unions and buying the American corporations who are in there sitting on top of this whole process. I just want to conclude by saying that, I think when you begin to understand the North American free trade agreement in this sense as a shift of investment a change of the industrial map one that has very specific ramifications in specific geographic places in certainly in the United States and Mexico. And I think by implication in Canada as well, you begin to see that professor Galbraith was off the mark, when he said this will not have any impact on our two nations. I think it will. And furthermore, looking at what's going on in the border area, in, you know the us Mexican border area, what I see there and what I think if you read the history of almost any third world nation or continent what I see going on there is the making of a gigantic explosion. This is the mirror image of Los Angeles over there. And Los Angeles is the mirror image of it. And there are strikes in these plants and there are land seizures in the cities because that's the only way people can get a place to live. And there's conflict of this sort. And it all seems to be building up. When you take a place like Ciudad Juarez that had 600,000 people 10 years ago and you today have over a million people living there with no infrastructure, you're heading for an enormous social explosion. So I think that indeed in our lifetime in the next several years, that once the North American free trade agreement encodes these processes in international law and kind of writes it in stone in a certain sense even if it didn't create the process that we will be looking for to an era of pretty serious economic dislocation. Thanks. I guess we're gonna take comments and questions for a few minutes here. Yeah. driven by changes in technology and automation\r\n\r\n- Well, I think Technology plays an important role in all of this. I mean, I didn't go into it but it does in a number of ways, first of all, it makes the decentralization of this process practical in a way that maybe it wasn't 20 or 30 years ago I did mention about telecommunications. I can't over emphasize how important that kind of technology is in the new production systems. These plants that may be thousands of miles apart are linked electronically and in what they call synchronous manufacturing and some of the latest developments in these systems. And just in time inventory even though you're talking about thousands of miles of geography and terrain between them, you know they can be electronically setting inventory levels, production levels, and other plants and so forth. So I think, yeah, it does. And the other side of it is because we are in the era of rather breathtaking mind, boggling technological change. One of the things that happens is that as new investment replaces old, it employs a lot fewer people, not a few fewer, a lot fewer. GM is going to replace. I didn't even go into the GM example, but you know probably many of you know they announced this year, you know, closing 21 plants 87 of us, they're going to close 11. Well, in the 1980s, they built 31 plants in Mexico. So, you know, there's a very definite shift here. One of the plants that they're going to build in the next two or three years, will replace an old plant in Mexico city. It will employ exactly the same number of workers and we'll produce twice the number of cars. So that's the impact of technology. You know, you get more profit for the buck, more production for the buck, but you don't get more employment.\r\n\r\n- How do you suggest the American worker change because you want so much the same time or how can we change our mind or the way they are thinking to stop this change?\r\n\r\n- Well, I think the most, I think to be perfectly honest I don't think we can stop the change. You know, I think we can modify certain things about it. And I think there is a different way to do it but we don't control the governmental processes that would you know, allow that to happen. And it's more than just the question of labor rights and environment rights but what I think American workers need to do, and some of them are beginning to do is to change their whole mind frame about what their labor movement is about. If we get the idea that we can circle the wagons in this kind of an internationalized economy, and simply say to hell with everybody else, then we're going to lose totally the whole ability to get some kind of industrial stability in North America, rests on a strategy of what I would call upward harmonization. Harmonization is a term they use in trade economics and just means making everything more or less the same. Well, in most wages, this kind of free trade situation that NAFTA is going to encode tends to lead a downward harmonization of incomes and wages at least the workers. And so I think what the American labor movement needs to do is to begin to work with the Mexican labor movement to create links both at the grassroots, not just at the top levels you know, theoretically, they already do that. And I'm not saying that Layne Kirklin sitting down with Fidel of Alaska, you know who is not going to do anything it's neither of them but to begin to build these kinds of lanes at the grassroots rank and file level and industrial level, some of this is going on. There was a meeting that I was involved in organizing last fall, a year ago, in Mexico city, tri national auto workers meeting where representatives of local unions from Canada and the United States and Mexico all met. Not all of the local unions, obviously, but you know, some of them, they were about 20 people from each country and they began to set up links within their companies to in the first place trade information which was not as trivial as it may sound in the case of the Mexican workers. They're working in plants that are using toxics that have been banned in the United States and Canada and you know, brought in unlabeled barrels. I mean, they have no idea what they're working with. So the Americans and Canadians agreed to get them the information on these toxics and so forth. And they have in fact done that. And there has been some for the first time ever some bargaining by the Mexican unions. And this was the official CTM union. You know, the government dominated union actually went and did this. So some of the stuff makes a difference. I mentioned the telephone workers. We also helped to organize a Canadian and US telephone workers to go to Mexico as they were installing this new kind of operator equipment that I was talking about to explain, to talk with the Mexican workers about how they had responded to this not just in technological or technical terms but how this affected workplace organization, the union and all of those kinds of complex shop for questions. And that was a big success. So I think these things can be done. There can be these exchanges and these links built so that in the long run, and it is the long run. Let's not kid ourselves. It's not going to happen overnight, but in the long run the raising of the incomes of Mexican workers, you know has got, so we can get to the point where we have for the workers, a level playing field.\r\n\r\n- Right. You got it.\r\n\r\n- I deeply share your concern and worries but, what kind of solution do you have in mind? That, to me, seems like one would be a solution but he desperately but the problem is that with systematic and consistent high on endpoint, it is really hard to have a cooperation even within a region it is really hard and international terms its really hard How can you put under a system\r\n\r\n- Well, you're right. It's very difficult. I mean, I think the answer ultimately lies in the sort of proposals that has come out of Mexico primarily from Quadramed Cardenas and some other opposition leaders in Mexico. And what they're saying is they don't want the North American free trade agreement as it is written, but they recognize as I think almost everybody does that any trade in the world, right? I mean, you know, we're not isolationists. So trade is a reality. The question is who's going to control it. You know, I read a figure that 40% of world trade is now intra from trade. That is to say, multinational corporations regulate 40% of world trade. That's absolutely astounding if it's true. And even if it's much less than that it's still pretty astounding. So they're regulating world trade. There are other ways to regulate it as well. So what Cardenas is proposing is that we have a tri national or perhaps hemispheric or regional development pact. This is a different idea instead of just letting Mexico's agriculture go to hell so that you get these 10 to 15 million people flooding the cities, looking for jobs and creating the unemployment you're telling me about all of which was done by virtue of policy. This wasn't some active nature let's have a different policy about agriculture in Mexico. One that allows them to return to a level of self-sufficiency they once had. I was joking earlier about Iowa corn, but Mexico, of course corn was their like major agricultural product. But somewhere in the 1980s they had to begin importing corn because of the destruction of the old agricultural system its irrational. It's not that corn is cheaper when it's imported from the United States, that's nonsense, it's more expensive. So, you know, having a development pack that allows for different paces of growth in the different countries but allows for attention to different kind of sectors like agriculture and so on in a way that creates some kind upward motion for the long run, you know, and that could be internationally negotiated. Personally, I do not believe that the current governments of the three nations are going to do anything of the sort, that's just, you know, utopian. I think it's even very unlikely that I would name them but you know, some other candidate, one in the United States that he would do much in that direction either but there are alternatives certainly in Mexico and in Canada, the alternative political parties have this as part of their program, the new Democrats in Canada and the party of the democratic in Mexico. So, they need some friends here.\r\n\r\n- I've been told that the last 100, 150 years of industrial revolution or development on balance created more jobs than were lost as things change, do you have any feelings about the next hundred years as we move to the information age revolution whether it's the same with Penelope's situation will exist or whatever we got major problems on decrease in number of jobs?\r\n\r\n- Absolutely. I think if we don't get to the notion where in this country in any other country that we have to begin doing this is just the minimum. I mean, there's a zillion things you need to do to keep there from being masked unemployment but I think steps could be taken and it would make a big difference by the way, in North America if this were part of a trilateral agreement. And what I'm talking about here is the shortening of the workweek. That is you can't go on working people 48 to 60 hours a week in the United States we work on average. According to one study a month the equivalent of a month more each year than we did in the late 60s. Imagine that, you know, that's ridiculous. And we have all this technology. That's putting people out of work and everybody's doing overtime. The UAW, the United Auto Workers estimated that if they had just eliminated overtime in the year, 1988 they would have created 85,000 jobs. In other words, all the jobs that were lost in Mexico in that period could have been salvaged. I mean, you know, it gets a little complicated, but more or less you, you could do that kind of thing. They've begun to do that in Europe and in Germany, in particular where there they will have 35 hour standard week in 1995. I don't think they're moving fast enough. But I think if we did that in the three countries here, in industry in Mexico, it's a 48 hour week and the tequila plants, it's longer. Here, we're working 48, well average of 43 hours but in a lot of industries, much more than that. And we're in a recession, it doesn't make any sense. So, one solution to the problem is to kind of link to think of it this way, to begin to link the amount of time people work to increases in productivity. So then as productivity rises because of technology the amount of work time goes down. Now, of course the, the contentious element in here will be what happens to wages, right? Are they going to go down with the hours or are they going to go up for the productivity? Well, you know, it doesn't it says one idea I have another, but I think that is one of the things that we have to move towards on a world scale. And when you talk about it on a world scale even eliminating three or four hours on a world scale would create so many jobs. It's absolutely mind-blowing. Corporations don't like this because they say, \"No it won't make us competitive. We're doing all this stuff, this technology, this industry this internationalized, lean production to get competitive not to give you guys a good time.\" So there'll be an objection to it, but it seems to me that that's what we have to push for as a minimum.\r\n\r\n- Yeah. Yeah. I think that's harder and I'm more nervous about it because it often involves state coercion and, you know `things like that. I'm not saying that I'm certainly not against birth control and things of that sort, but there've been there's a kind of side to that, which makes me nervous I have to admit. But yeah, sure. That would make a difference. But again I think controlling the work, regulating production through regulating hours, you know is more important really, and more doable in the short run.\r\n\r\n- You are saying that rather than in all the time just limiting on the working hours for a week and the rest of the hours was given to others. So that way it will increase the employment rate. But if the people are working over time as it has been suggested by some others like some economists and some individuals if they work over time to make the lost week. If That's the case. Then limiting the weekly working hours we'll put the employee pupil in the living one that may not be a standard living but the minimum standard living, but at least the dead will go that way and which will affect their income and their life and so much, so how..\r\n\r\n- Well, I do believe that as you shorten the work time you do have to raise the hourly rate. I mean, to come and say for this, for what you're talking about, and if you don't do that, you will get a backlash to it, you know? And, and so it seems that we've kind of grown over our time and just want to thank you all for coming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42953/file/115599#t=0.0,1778.904"}]}]}]}