{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/bv79s1m49f/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Crumpton, William Grady and James L. Baker, The Impact of Agricultural Technology on the Environment"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203882 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["The Impact of Agricultural Technology on the Environment is a November 9, 1989 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring James Baker, Bill Crumpton and John Miranowski. James Baker, Bill Crumpton and John Miranowski discuss the impact of agricultural chemicals on groundwater.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV203882"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["The Impact of Agricultural Technology on the Environment. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w92805411"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1989-11-09"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Crumpton, William Grady (speaker)","Baker, James L. (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Agriculture--Environmental aspects","Groundwater--Quality","Agricultural chemicals--Environmental aspects"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["The Impact of Agricultural Technology on the Environment is a November 9, 1989 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring James Baker, Bill Crumpton and John Miranowski. James Baker, Bill Crumpton and John Miranowski discuss the impact of agricultural chemicals on groundwater.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only.","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/112/713/small/lecture.png?1620667499","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - AV203882_The_Impact_of_Agricultural_Technology_on_the_Environment_a.mp3"]},"duration":3099.384,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/112/713/small/lecture.png?1620667499","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/112/713/original/AV203882_The_Impact_of_Agricultural_Technology_on_the_Environment_a.mp3?1620667499","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":3099.384,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203882_The_Impact_of_Agricultural_Technology_on_the_Environment_a.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Hello.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=13.446,14.279"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to welcome you all to tonight's presentation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=14.279,16.982"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before I introduce our panel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=16.982,18.441"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have a few announcements concerning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=18.441,20.105"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rest of the week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=20.105,22.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tomorrow, scheduled at noon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=22.49,24.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Robert Wall will be lecturing on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=24.76,27.901"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"democracy and the environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=27.901,29.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This will be at the (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=29.717,33.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our 3:00 pm speaker, Mr. Melendez will not be here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=33.137,35.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's been called away and is currently on his way to Tokyo,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=36.74,40.445"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so he will not be presenting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=40.445,43.455"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"8:00 tomorrow night Gerardo Judowski","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=43.455,46.565"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be speaking on forest development and conservation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=46.565,49.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This will be at 8:00 pm in the sunroom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=49.593,51.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight's panel is entitled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=51.787,53.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the impact of agricultural technology on the environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=53.74,57.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our panel members include, James Baker,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=58.788,60.738"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is a agricultural engineering professor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=61.69,65.176"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here at Iowa State.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=65.176,67.012"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bill Trompton, who is with the botany department","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=67.012,69.695"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here at Iowa State.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=69.695,71.278"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Both of these men are faculty members","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=71.278,73.754"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the water resources graduate program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=73.754,75.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the ecology and evolutionary biology program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=75.88,79.796"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) panel is John Miranowski","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=79.796,82.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is director of the resources and technology division","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=82.12,85.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the USDA environmental research service.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=85.34,89.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is also prior associate professor of economics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=89.13,93.138"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Iowa State.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=93.138,95.145"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to remind you all there will be a reception","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=95.145,99.176"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"following tonight's presentation in this room.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=99.176,101.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're all invited to attend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=101.91,103.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right now I'd like to introduce Tony Smith","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=103.8,105.754"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who's our moderator.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=105.754,107.421"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd like to thank everybody for coming out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=113.334,114.644"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also apologize that we're off to a little late start.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=114.644,116.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But at a university of science and technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=116.08,117.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to expect little technical difficulties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=117.93,120.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to arise every now and then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=120.37,122.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Basically there's an old slogan that we hear a lot,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=122.58,126.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's think globally and act locally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=126.17,129.146"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That slogan makes a lot of sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=129.146,131.694"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the world of (indistinct) institute,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=131.694,133.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're had a chance to think globally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=133.43,135.112"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about issues this whole week so far,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=135.112,136.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but on another sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=136.86,137.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the slogan really doesn't make a lot of sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=137.75,139.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it's just as important to think locally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=139.53,141.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as much as it is to think globally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=141.92,144.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight gives us a chance to do that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=144.21,146.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and talk about some environmental issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=146.22,148.662"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that hit very close to home indeed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=148.662,151.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's not too much need to go through this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=151.04,152.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of the speakers will present us with more statistics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=152.673,156.024"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but just to give a rough idea about some of the issues,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=156.024,159.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we all know that we use a lot of herbicides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=159.17,161.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have problems in terms of reducing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=161.36,163.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the organic matter in soils","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=165.048,166.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also create some ground water problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=167.598,169.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Today farmers use 10.5 million tons of fertilizer a year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=169.97,174.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"55,000 tons of pesticides are used.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=175.031,178.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of which are carcinogenic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=178.19,179.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and create problems like blue baby syndrome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=180.8,183.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In recent years the EPA has banned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=184.038,185.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"27 agricultural chemicals as being health hazards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=185.76,189.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The EPA says that agriculture is the largest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=192.196,194.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"non-localized source","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=194.99,196.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of surface water pollution that there is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=196.43,199.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The EPA has done tests in agricultural states like Iowa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=199.2,202.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Florida, and so on have discovered agricultural chemicals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=202.33,205.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 50% of the well water,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=205.88,207.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the basic form of drinking for many people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=209.03,212.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Intensive cultivation of the soil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=213.753,215.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has created big problems of erosion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=215.167,216.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a loss of 3.1 billion tons of top soil a year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=216.83,221.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have lost a 3rd of all our top soil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=221.24,223.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the country in the last 100 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=223.797,225.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you add all these problems, David Pimento,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=226.893,229.034"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a scientist at Cornell University","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=229.034,231.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has estimated that if you add all the health, economic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=232.202,234.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and wasted resources, environment problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=234.5,237.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the larger sense, the cost of all these things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=238.216,240.285"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it runs anywhere between 75 billion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=240.285,242.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 100 billion dollars a year to our economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=242.08,245.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speakers tonight are going to tell us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=245.96,248.296"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how the situation came about, what it means,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=248.296,250.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maybe propose some idea to how we can get out of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=250.26,253.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The order is going to be, Bill Trompton will speak first,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=253.51,256.792"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then James Baker, then John Miranowski.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=256.792,258.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Each speaker will speak for 15 to 20 minutes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=258.84,261.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then after that we should have some time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=261.2,263.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for questions and answers before we go and have some food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=263.4,266.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The impacts of agriculture that I usually think about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=287.875,289.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to do with water quality primarily.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=289.71,292.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But agriculture has far reaching impacts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=294.088,296.464"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other parts of the country chemical water quality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=296.464,299.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not such an obvious problem in un-irrigated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=299.29,302.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fairly dry farming systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=302.77,304.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Salinization in the western United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=307.48,310.341"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the depletion of ground water, aquifers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=310.341,312.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in irrigated areas such as Oklahoma and Texas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=312.74,316.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"central pivot irrigation systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=317.181,318.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the impacts that I'd like to talk about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=320.026,322.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to do primarily with Midwestern farm belt agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=322.11,326.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of these impacts are fairly obvious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=329.34,331.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of us recognize the most obvious impact of agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=333.136,336.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is what used to be natural land is now a row crop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=337.616,340.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We may not fully appreciate what that entails.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=343.739,347.878"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I first came to Iowa, I'm not from the Midwest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=347.878,350.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=352.345,355.012"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e If you can't hear me, you'll have to (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=356.718,358.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you hear me now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=358.833,360.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I envisioned this part of the country being vast prairies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=366.658,369.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interspersed with woodlands and river valleys.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=369.837,372.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I no longer think of that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=374.165,375.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially for this part of central Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=375.54,378.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Story county in particular is a large, very flat county.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=380.07,383.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was settled very late because it was so flat and so wet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=388.46,392.437"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to read a couple of quotes from a book","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=395.378,399.554"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by Payne, The history of Story County.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=399.554,400.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't paraphrase better than he puts this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=401.916,403.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only considerable stream passing through Story county,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=404.82,408.536"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the South Skunk River.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=408.536,409.786"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was not until 1866 that a claim was made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=412.45,417.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there was actually a permanent crossing in Story county","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=417.879,421.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across the Skunk River from Ames to Neveda.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=426.32,428.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first Skunk crossing was at Cambridge in 1866.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=430.138,433.628"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was considered a permanent crossing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=433.628,436.615"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) the next summer in 1867","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=436.615,439.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in connection with a notice of returning delegates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=441.74,444.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the republican state convention at Des Moines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=445.602,447.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's noted that these gentleman had a glorious time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=448.609,451.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the broad avenue of the Skunk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=451.057,452.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of you are familiar with the Skunk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=453.989,455.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The crossing is about a mile wide at Cambridge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=457.047,460.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this season, it's the summer, at this season","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=460.09,462.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's generally covered with two to four feet of water","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=462.21,464.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"underlaid with an unfathomable depth of mud.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=466.177,468.377"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Delegates, candidates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=469.715,470.932"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all men of whatever dignity of profession","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=470.932,473.385"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who would cross the Skunk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=473.385,475.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"must strip to the buck and wade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=475.473,476.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were not there to see,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=477.954,479.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you can easily imagine the graceful picture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=479.0,481.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of prim impurity presented by the noble aspect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=481.41,484.525"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this group of editors, senators,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=484.525,485.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the lieutenant governor as their head","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=486.795,487.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buffeting the raging waters of the classic Skunk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=489.205,491.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's not the South Skunk River that I know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=491.673,494.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It came as shock to me to really begin to think about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=494.493,498.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the landscape here looked like before we drained it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=498.61,503.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We drained it in the late 1800s and in the very early 1900s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=504.109,508.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was a very wet and soggy region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=509.29,512.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now think of Story county as it had been largely wetland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=514.516,517.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Imagine you could not walk a mile in any one direction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=518.271,520.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without walking into a wetland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=520.25,521.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You would have to walk miles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=524.01,526.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to find a wetland in Story county today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=526.233,528.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The obvious impact that agriculture's had,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=534.09,536.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not just that we've converted prairie","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=536.61,538.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or wetlands to corn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=539.562,541.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have dramatically modified the basic hydrology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=541.27,545.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a way that water and materials move through the systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=545.58,548.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of the problems that we face today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=548.92,551.295"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to do with that modification.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=551.295,552.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The way we have modified the hydrology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=554.012,555.962"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Over the past few decades agriculture has changed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=562.633,565.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a labor intensive to a chemical intensive enterprise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=565.167,568.412"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In addition to soil erosion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=568.412,571.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chemical water quality problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=571.633,573.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now pose very obvious problems will probably now remain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=574.047,578.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the foremost concern of agricultural impacts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=580.75,583.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the next decade or two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=583.82,585.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's probably nowhere in the United States where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=587.669,589.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"study and appreciation of these impacts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=589.9,592.801"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is more important than in this part of the Midwest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=592.801,595.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Iowa over 90% of the land area is used for agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=597.152,601.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iowa ranked in 1985 first in the nation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=602.31,605.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in totally harvested acres.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=606.618,608.365"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First in acres in production of corn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=608.365,610.126"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Second in acres in production of soybean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=610.126,612.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The top five states in oats, alfalfa and other hay crops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=612.757,615.607"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iowa also ranks in the top 10 states","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=616.789,618.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for most livestock categories.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=618.86,621.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you can expect, we generally rank first or second","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=623.877,626.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the use of fertilizers and pesticides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=626.42,628.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pesticides meaning herbicides and insecticides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=629.73,632.927"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) loads of nitrogen and phosphorus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=634.357,636.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from fertilizers in Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=637.882,639.629"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are among the highest in the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=639.629,641.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Agriculture production of corn and soybeans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=641.76,644.271"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably as a mental note,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=644.271,645.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the greatest impacts on aquatic systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=646.81,649.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are the two largest acreage crops in rain fed regions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=649.93,654.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"non irrigated crops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=654.23,655.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They account for the majority of all pesticides,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=657.09,659.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nitrogen, phosphorus and fertilizers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=659.95,661.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to have the first slide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=669.539,672.289"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There used to be considerable disagreeing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=682.253,683.655"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about whether agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=683.655,685.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really was having any impact on ground water quality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=685.473,689.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've known for a long time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=691.719,692.909"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that agriculture has impacted surface water quality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=692.909,695.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The purpose of this figure is to illustrate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=695.717,698.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm using nitrogen as an example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=698.343,699.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nitrates and pesticides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=699.26,701.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the two ag chemicals of primary concern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=701.02,704.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the potential adverse impacts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=704.73,709.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of those compounds on both ecosystem function","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=710.583,713.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other public health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=713.83,715.127"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As mentioned nitrate is a primary water quality parameter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=716.608,720.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are legal limits for nitrate concentrations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=720.303,723.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in drinking water, blue baby syndrome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=723.47,726.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pesticides are more difficult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=726.58,728.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most pesticides, the EPA has not established","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=731.77,735.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"safe drinking levels for a variety of these compounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=737.438,740.138"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are in our ground water now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=741.897,743.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is now documentation of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=745.933,747.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of the data that's available","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=748.631,750.101"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has to do though, with nitrogen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=750.101,751.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll talk a little bit about nitrogen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=752.96,755.285"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just to give you some feel for how widespread","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=755.285,759.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this impact has been and how it's increased in recent years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=761.24,765.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope you can read this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=767.871,769.362"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The point of it is, this is a concentration of nitrogen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=769.362,773.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in water draining the land used in different practices.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=774.55,779.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It starts at the top with dense forest land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=780.36,782.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ends at the bottom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=784.177,785.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with land that is like Iowa, 90% agricultural.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=785.27,789.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can see very obviously that the nitrogen concentrations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=789.96,793.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in water draining those water sheds is much higher.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=793.16,796.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These data are 10 to 15 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=798.29,800.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are part of an EPA report (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=803.112,804.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The concentrations that we have,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=807.116,808.716"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our intensity of use of these fertilizers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=809.775,812.184"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has continued to increase since this data was collected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=812.184,815.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not only the acreage of crops, but in the past two decades","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=816.57,820.392"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the intensity of fertilization has increased.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=820.392,824.535"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not only that we're applying fertilizer to more acres","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=824.535,826.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we are applying more fertilizer to everything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=826.41,830.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Across the Corn Belt yearly fertilizer rates on nitrogen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=832.579,835.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have increased since 1965,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=835.407,838.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from about 73 kilograms per hectare","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=839.852,841.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to 150 kilograms per hectare.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=842.732,844.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Corn accounts for only 20% of total US agricultural land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=847.121,851.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but 40% of fertilizer and nitrogen bought.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=851.547,854.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Continuous corn, as you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=856.66,858.838"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a fairly common crop practice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=858.838,862.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Agriculture pesticide use follows the same pattern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=862.22,865.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since 1964 it has more than doubled,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=865.22,868.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"primarily from use of herbicides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=868.12,870.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Agricultural application of pesticide,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=871.872,874.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that accounts for 67% of all the pesticides used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=875.223,878.231"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=878.231,879.064"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Corn and soybeans together account for 63%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=880.137,882.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in total (indistinct) of pesticides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=883.352,885.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This slide shows data from what used to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=893.111,896.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Iowa geological survey bureau","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=897.556,900.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Iowa department of natural resources,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=901.948,902.781"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"George Hallburg and his colleagues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=903.817,905.548"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a study at Big Spring Basin in Clayton County.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=905.548,907.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are studies like this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=907.88,909.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scattered through out the Midwest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=909.27,910.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is one of the best data sets of this type.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=910.83,913.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It illustrates from the very late '50s to now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=914.63,919.067"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how our pattern of nitrogen fertilization has increased.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=921.25,925.927"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The red line represents fertilizer nitrogen application.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=931.139,932.227"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll notice that in the late '50s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=937.222,939.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nitrogen was derived primarily from manure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=940.72,943.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As we begin to use fertilizer nitrogen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=944.93,947.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can see the increase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=947.59,949.526"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can even see the drop in nitrogen in the (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=949.526,953.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fertilizer nitrogen application was cut by almost 50%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=961.458,964.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's interesting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=968.174,969.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was reading about 20 year old symposium proceeding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=969.007,972.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=975.105,977.516"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hesitate, in fact I won't say who made the statement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=977.516,980.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but our view was very different then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=984.037,986.377"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we thought the problems were were very different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=986.377,988.771"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't recognized that fertilizer nitrogen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=988.771,991.506"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"applied to crops would actually enter them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=991.506,995.484"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or most of the losses were due to on field","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=995.484,997.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"denitrification and volatilization of these fertilizers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=997.31,1001.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This book was the shift from manure nitrogen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1001.803,1006.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to fertilizer nitrogen applications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1006.54,1009.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a step in the right direction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1009.3,1011.525"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because bacterial contaminates from the manure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1011.525,1014.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were no longer there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1014.167,1015.917"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No one would make that comment today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1017.48,1019.095"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in fact just the opposite.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1019.095,1021.946"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This illustrates, this is by a county wide study.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1021.946,1025.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our pattern of use has changed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1029.327,1031.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's like similar patterns through out the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1036.585,1039.544"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's most pronounced and most striking in Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1039.544,1043.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the Corn Belt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1043.55,1045.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This next slide is a map,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1050.61,1052.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again data which is 10 to 15 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1053.878,1055.828"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the best data available.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1057.209,1058.659"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which illustrates the nitrogen distribution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1059.638,1064.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from non (indistinct) sources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1064.43,1066.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Essentially think of this map as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1067.539,1069.901"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nitrogen concentrations in surface waters,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1069.901,1072.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or nitrogen loads in surface waters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1072.74,1075.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from (indistinct) sources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1075.29,1076.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've already indicated to you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1077.74,1078.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that agriculture is the principle source of these contents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1078.573,1082.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know if you can focus that in a bit or not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1087.674,1091.924"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have to note the darkness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1096.52,1099.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the lighter the shade the lower the loads,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1099.453,1101.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the lower the concentration of nitrogen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1101.64,1103.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our surface waters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1104.51,1106.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The darker the shade the higher the concentration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1106.273,1108.865"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of nitrogen in our surface waters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1108.865,1112.827"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That big black dot in the middle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1114.545,1116.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just about corresponds with the tunnel drain region","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1117.863,1120.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Des Moines, (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1120.51,1122.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a little bit of souther Minnesota.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1126.611,1127.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is not ground water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1131.382,1132.632"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't have ground water data like this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1135.126,1138.709"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We really didn't think that these contents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1139.609,1142.235"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went into ground water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1142.235,1144.165"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nitrogen fertilizers largely applied as ammonium","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1144.165,1148.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is converted to nitrate on the field and then it's mobile.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1148.67,1151.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The nitrate is denitrified and gassed off","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1152.512,1156.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in those systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1158.232,1159.065"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was expected that that's what would happen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1159.065,1161.546"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what was happening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1161.546,1163.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even 5 to 10 years ago they were sterilized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1163.21,1166.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were a lot of critics that argue that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1167.685,1169.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is no evidence that agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1169.83,1171.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is impacting the ground water quality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1171.56,1173.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's never much argument about surface water","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1175.048,1176.685"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but about ground water quality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1176.685,1179.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's not much argument about that today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1179.891,1182.642"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The argument today has more to do with how much and when","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1182.642,1185.594"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what conditions is it impacting ground water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1185.594,1189.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For people that are interested in aquatic systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1198.157,1200.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm an aquatic ecologist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1203.532,1205.615"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm concerned about the impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1207.014,1208.886"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that agriculture has on the streams and on the wetlands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1208.886,1213.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"15 years ago, 20 years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1215.02,1218.215"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had an environmental movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1218.215,1220.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Essentially we had a renewed interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1224.142,1226.139"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the problems that we were talking about in the '60s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1226.139,1229.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In my opinion, not many people share this opinion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1233.378,1237.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I sense it's a different tone to our discussion today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1237.12,1239.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that then a lot of conservations groups were concerned about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1240.99,1244.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the way we treated the land for nature's sake.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1244.23,1248.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were warned that what we do to that endangered species","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1253.12,1257.872"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is only an indicator, it's The Minor's Canary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1257.872,1260.172"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Today, the sense that I get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1262.787,1265.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the legislation that's passed and from the discussions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1265.613,1267.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and from the sorts of research that's being asked for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1267.54,1271.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by places like EPA is that we're no longer worried","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1271.31,1274.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about saving the whales,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1274.955,1276.414"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're worried about saving ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1276.414,1277.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're concerned that we're actually poisoning ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1278.862,1280.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're concerned about our drinking water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1283.272,1285.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's reflected by the recent studies requested by agencies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1286.39,1291.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"20 years ago people were looking at,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1292.13,1294.558"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in fact every time I tell someone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1294.558,1295.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside of agricultural regions that I'm working on nitrogen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1295.61,1299.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in streams they think I'm looking at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1299.3,1302.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the impact nitrogen fertilizers have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1302.3,1304.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on stimulating productions in the swamps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1304.12,1306.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The agencies are asking us now, what's similar to capacity?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1307.898,1312.898"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What extent can streams be used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1313.71,1315.816"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to actually improve water quality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1315.816,1317.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're no longer worried about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1317.92,1319.346"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the impact we're having on the streams.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1319.346,1320.694"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're learning that the streams","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1320.694,1322.186"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are what can actually help us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1322.186,1324.686"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's an important point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1330.803,1332.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are solutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1332.843,1333.676"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Gemstone talked about some specific on farm solutions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1333.676,1336.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can farm better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1336.83,1339.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are also some off farm solutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1340.941,1342.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Trying to paint a picture for you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1344.685,1345.518"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what this region looked like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1345.518,1347.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vast quantities of wetlands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1347.944,1349.742"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wetlands serve an essential function in these systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1349.742,1351.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're not just places for ducks to dabble.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1351.69,1355.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have water quality functions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1358.08,1359.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Water which goes through a wetland","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1360.902,1362.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before it percolates into the ground water","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1362.717,1364.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and into the aquifers is very likely clean by our standards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1364.29,1369.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iowa is presumed to have had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1370.923,1373.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something like four million acres of wetlands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1373.283,1375.499"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before we drained it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1375.499,1377.101"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have about 30 thousand acres of wetlands today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1377.101,1380.342"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are initiatives in place now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1380.342,1381.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to restore vast quantities of those wetlands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1381.65,1384.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of the agencies responsible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1385.848,1387.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are considering not only a wildlife function for wetlands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1387.6,1391.742"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but now the water quality functions as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1391.742,1395.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By optimum configuration of these landscapes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1395.67,1398.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"placing wetlands in critical positions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1398.123,1399.097"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we may actually be able to have our wetlands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1400.547,1402.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and out water quality too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1402.757,1407.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1410.411,1413.578"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (indistinct) from here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1421.347,1425.112"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hopefully everyone can hear me?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1425.112,1427.695"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm Jim Baker and it's been stated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1432.25,1434.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm from the department of ag engineering on campus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1435.513,1437.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would point out that I spell my name with one K","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1438.877,1441.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my wife's name is Marjorie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1441.2,1443.054"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1443.054,1446.564"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I want to do in 10 minutes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1446.564,1447.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is just talk a little bit about ag chemical use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1447.83,1451.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as being part of ag technology the we're discussing tonight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1451.083,1455.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as Tony mentioned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1455.29,1456.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe thinking a little more on the local field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1456.35,1459.146"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're talk about the use in the state,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1459.146,1460.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little bit about concerns,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1462.062,1463.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"giving you the real brief schematic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1463.07,1466.781"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a bit on the understanding of the state","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1466.781,1469.445"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of soil applied chemicals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1469.445,1471.048"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then touch on solutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1471.048,1472.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hopefully generate some discussion for later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1472.593,1475.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bill and I did have a few discussions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1491.942,1493.238"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as to who was going to cover what,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1493.238,1494.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but still we have some overlap,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1495.633,1497.126"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it doesn't hurt to cover things twice I guess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1497.126,1498.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In terms of the state of Iowa, about 60% of the land surface","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1499.76,1504.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is going to row crops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1505.22,1506.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Corn and soybeans are what we're calling row crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1506.56,1508.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which means that, at least in '88","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1510.014,1513.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had 11 million acres of corn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1513.941,1515.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and essentially 100% of that area of 11 million acres","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1516.297,1519.701"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"received at least one treatment of one herbicide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1519.701,1522.182"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some received treatments of two or three.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1522.182,1523.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would point out that the herbicide use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1525.192,1527.241"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is used in conjunction with mechanical cultivation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1527.241,1529.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Probably 98% of those acres","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1529.65,1531.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also received cultivation to try and control weeds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1531.21,1534.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The farmers are using everything they have available to them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1534.81,1537.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get a good job of weed control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1537.79,1539.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In terms of insecticide, the main insecticide used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1541.641,1544.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are for corn root worm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1544.16,1545.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they use (coughing drowns out speaker)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1547.149,1549.221"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because with rotation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1549.221,1550.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can get away from that problem to a large degree.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1550.39,1552.134"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in affect we had about 30% of our corn growing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1552.134,1554.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after corn the previous year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1554.2,1555.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In terms of nitrogen, almost 100% of corn growing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1557.861,1560.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does receive a nitrogen fertilizer application.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1560.95,1564.518"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is inorganic nitrogen at a rate in '88","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1564.518,1567.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of 139 pounds per acre.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1567.82,1570.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually that's down a little bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1570.28,1572.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from maximum of 145 pounds per acres in '85.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1572.51,1576.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But way up from what it would have been in the '50s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1577.209,1579.809"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would point out that our neighbors to the east,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1581.621,1582.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Illinois, Indiana, Ohio,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1582.82,1584.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably are less conservative than we are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1585.777,1588.154"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or more liberal depending on how you'd like to say it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1588.154,1590.438"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they usually use 10, 15 pounds per acre","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1590.438,1592.545"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more than we do here in Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1592.545,1593.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soybeans, we use both cultivation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1595.032,1597.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and herbicides for weed control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1597.02,1599.309"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had a crop this year up in the ag area of Humboldt county","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1599.309,1603.345"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Pocahontas county","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1603.345,1604.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we didn't use any herbicides at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1604.66,1608.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We got five bushels to the acre.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1608.04,1609.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where we had used some herbicides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1610.944,1612.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we did get some yields as high as 40 despite the drought.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1612.24,1614.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll touch a little bit on that in a second.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1614.63,1617.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This number I believe is probably not representative of '88.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1617.47,1621.902"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think some of these chemicals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1621.902,1623.612"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they go from a July to July period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1623.612,1625.449"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Last year you may recall the newspapers reporting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1625.449,1627.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the spier mite problem with soybeans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1627.12,1628.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at least a couple acres of soybeans were treated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1630.129,1632.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That may have been as high as 25% for '88","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1632.21,1635.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you consider July and August.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1636.283,1638.409"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soybeans do get a little nitrogen fertilizer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1638.409,1640.478"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"often in conjunction with the feed that's applied.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1640.478,1643.521"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not specifically to fertilize soybeans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1643.521,1645.471"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soybeans have the capacity to produce their own nitrogen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1648.32,1652.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of you recognize this headline","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1658.163,1660.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from last Sunday's paper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1660.37,1661.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you look at the use of chemicals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1663.44,1664.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strictly from an economic sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1664.96,1667.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or an economic point of view,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1667.21,1669.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are data, this happens to be from an ag commerce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1669.37,1673.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here in Iowa State looking at some research data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1684.75,1688.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comparing different systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1690.189,1692.598"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In one case he was comparing the conventional,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1692.598,1694.725"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) with a less chemical intensity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1694.725,1698.911"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of corn, oats and alfalfa rotation with animal waste.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1698.911,1703.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For the 10 year period he had data on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1703.653,1707.089"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was getting about $100 per acre return","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1707.089,1709.091"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on his land with conventional,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1709.091,1710.851"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as opposed to with the corn, soybean rotation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1710.851,1714.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as opposed to the corn and alfalfa, oats rotation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1714.03,1718.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As it stands with that particular set of data anyway,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1720.621,1724.005"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the headline reads true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1724.005,1726.736"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again pointing out that we're looking strictly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1726.736,1728.118"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at economics here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1728.118,1730.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also point out, Bill mentioned it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1730.403,1732.362"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'll emphasize again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1732.362,1734.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iowa is number one each year in corn and soybean production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1734.2,1738.414"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a result of the technology that we use,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1738.414,1741.131"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that does include fertilizer and herbicides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1741.131,1744.798"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Along both that chemical use and intensity of agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1748.51,1753.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comes concerns for our resource base","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1757.278,1759.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not all are concentrating on cattle crops,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1759.563,1763.849"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have to first be concerned about our quality source base.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1763.849,1768.849"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're concerned that without the technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1769.03,1773.025"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we may have to go away from things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1773.025,1775.858"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such as conservation (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1777.921,1780.299"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Herbicides are really the main conservation (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1780.299,1782.711"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"functional and the conservation (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1782.711,1785.987"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably one of the easiest ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1785.987,1787.158"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one of the easiest to implement ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1787.158,1789.208"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of getting the resource protected against both","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1789.208,1793.041"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) and erosion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1794.718,1796.192"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conservation (indistinct) is really making progress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1796.192,1798.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the previous year on the soil surface.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1798.28,1800.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Protect against rain drops, (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1800.19,1802.384"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and running water and wind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1802.384,1805.209"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even if we protected the resource base against erosion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1805.209,1809.622"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have to worry also about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1809.622,1811.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the organic matter pollution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1811.153,1814.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that might take place in that soil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1814.033,1816.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, the worse case scenario would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1816.03,1820.319"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"corn silage without replacing any of the nutrients","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1820.319,1824.478"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we took from the system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1824.478,1826.352"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Over time it would deplete the organic matter in that soil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1826.352,1829.016"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one of the reasons Iowa's so productive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1829.016,1832.179"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is it has a high organic matter black soils,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1832.179,1835.097"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which provide the (indistinct) capacity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1835.097,1838.121"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that allow crops to grow so well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1838.121,1840.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also in terms of water resources,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1840.877,1843.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most recently we've been concerned about human health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1843.7,1847.736"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As Bill points out, for a lot of pesticides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1847.736,1850.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are not standard status.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1850.073,1852.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The EPA has a status (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1853.981,1858.231"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A large degree of unknown risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1859.217,1862.405"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that some of these chemicals pose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1862.405,1864.584"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of course with human health we're concerned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1864.584,1866.686"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about drinking water","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1866.686,1867.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and primarily ground water for rural population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1867.713,1871.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our city population also has surface water in some cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1873.166,1877.918"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this has made the news most recently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1877.918,1881.989"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The concern about (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1881.989,1885.194"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) back in the '70s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1885.194,1889.704"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the data that Bill showed came from then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1889.704,1893.556"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resulted because of concerns about surface run off,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1893.556,1896.576"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"water quality (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1896.576,1899.695"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll relate those two here in a minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1899.695,1903.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the things that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1903.007,1904.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably doesn't get a lot of attention,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1904.477,1907.059"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in particular in respect to pesticides is air quality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1907.059,1910.711"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've made a few measurement in Lowell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1910.711,1913.428"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if you look at percent of loses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1913.428,1915.967"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in other words percent of what is applied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1915.967,1918.199"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is lost in the system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1918.199,1919.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually we probably lose more up into the air","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1919.313,1921.675"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than we do to either the surface or ground water resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1921.675,1924.924"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fate of that alkalizes or evaporates to the air","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1924.924,1929.811"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or is lost in the application is not well understood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1929.811,1933.175"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course the last resource makes the news quite regularly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1933.175,1936.651"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in respect to pesticides is food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1936.651,1938.791"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll touch on that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1938.791,1941.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In terms of understanding the fate of pesticides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1941.023,1945.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"applied to the soil surface","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1945.991,1948.171"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've had a lot of studies here at Iowa State","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1948.171,1950.849"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as from around the nation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1950.849,1952.419"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that gives a pretty good basis to understand what happens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1952.419,1955.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to material that is applied to the soil surface.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1955.62,1958.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the things that becomes apparent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1958.807,1962.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that chemicals have properties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1962.427,1964.639"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that really are important to determine how much loss","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1964.639,1967.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will occur from the treated area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1967.553,1969.175"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is persistence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1969.175,1971.297"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly when you're talking about pesticides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1971.297,1973.169"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How long does it remain before (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1973.169,1975.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What nitrogen products do I have to be concerned about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1975.473,1979.039"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1979.039,1981.539"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All that's there is important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1983.537,1985.409"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second factor that's very important in determining","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1985.409,1987.925"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rate of absorption, in other words,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1987.925,1989.911"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how much interaction is there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1989.911,1991.511"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the chemical and the soil?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1991.511,1994.812"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You need to realize that all pesticides, all chemicals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1994.812,1997.579"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are different, they have different properties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=1997.579,2000.379"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have different degrees of persistence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2000.379,2002.329"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and different degrees of absorption.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2002.329,2004.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So their fates will be different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2004.273,2007.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you'd like, the schematic shown here of the soil surface","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2009.006,2013.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that might have been treated with pesticide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2013.47,2016.638"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have learned that (indistinct) show here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2016.638,2020.689"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10 milometers, a half inch or so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2020.689,2023.166"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It interacts with rain water falling on it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2023.166,2025.316"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or flowing off the surface","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2025.316,2027.835"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and picks up chemicals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2027.835,2030.211"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These chemicals then dissolve and become part of run off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2030.211,2034.565"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anything we can do to get the chemicals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2034.565,2036.219"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of that mixing zone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2036.219,2037.556"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are going to have (indistinct) to surface water quality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2037.556,2040.235"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we apply less, replace it beneath that mixing zone,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2040.235,2043.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those sorts of things are many of the options that can help","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2043.547,2047.308"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reduce surface run off loses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2047.308,2050.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the things that happens, Iowa having good soil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2050.55,2055.355"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the organic matter and good structure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2055.355,2057.859"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unless their compacted or already wet,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2057.859,2059.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) rain fall initially falls","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2059.891,2062.305"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is going to soak in before run off begins.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2062.305,2066.318"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If there are chemicals in this mixing zone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2066.318,2068.402"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are not very strongly absorbed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2068.402,2070.369"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) to the soil they are flushed down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2070.369,2073.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2073.177,2075.748"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it turns out compounds like nitrate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2075.748,2078.361"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are very soluble,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2078.361,2080.048"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not lost in a large degree in surface run off,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2080.048,2084.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least here in Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2084.583,2085.955"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are removed from this mixing zone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2085.955,2089.411"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the initial rain fall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2089.411,2091.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know that they do show up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2091.23,2093.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our shallow drains and (indistinct) aquifer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2093.553,2097.244"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other thing that's become important to us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2097.244,2100.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of understanding,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2100.063,2102.857"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we don't have a complete understanding yet,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2102.857,2105.179"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we're gaining on it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2105.179,2106.327"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is the concept of preferential flow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2106.327,2108.601"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"macro pores shown here by these little squiggly lines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2108.601,2113.531"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They might be worm holes, they might be (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2113.531,2115.782"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or just cracks from drying in the wet dry cycles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2115.782,2119.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's concern that these preferential flow channels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2119.723,2124.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can allow chemicals to move through","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2125.108,2127.571"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much more quickly than you would expect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2127.571,2129.481"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it had to move through the soil matrix","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2129.481,2132.289"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they weren't there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2132.289,2134.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the understanding we're arriving at is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2134.843,2136.844"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depending on where the chemical is placed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2136.844,2138.678"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these macro pores can actually be a benefit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2138.678,2141.452"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words if the chemicals is in this mass of soil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2141.452,2143.934"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we have water percolating through the macro pores,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2143.934,2146.276"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's actually bypassing chemical in the soil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2146.276,2149.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They may end up, a little bit, showing up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2149.243,2152.468"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They may have more detections of renewed quantities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2152.468,2156.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of mass (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2156.37,2160.782"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going back to absorption then,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2160.782,2162.059"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a chemical is not absorbed, it's going to go into the system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2162.059,2166.414"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before it begins to be lost to surface run off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2166.414,2169.782"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If it's not absorbed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2169.782,2171.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it'll be trapped to some degree here on the surface,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2171.15,2173.166"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it will dissolve enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2173.166,2175.292"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be lost in run off with sediment water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2175.292,2178.009"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If it's strongly absorbed it's going to be tied up to soil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2178.009,2180.165"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and only lost in the sediment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2180.165,2182.651"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Often we group compounds into three categories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2182.651,2185.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relative to those three transport mechanisms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2185.603,2189.332"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not absorbed, moving with the water release.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2189.332,2193.072"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We treat those different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2193.072,2194.516"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we try to control their losses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2194.516,2197.108"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those lost mainly with the sediment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2197.108,2199.772"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Erosion obviously is a way to control those.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2199.772,2202.902"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those that may trap to a small degree here at the surface","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2202.902,2207.902"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of amount of absorption,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2207.961,2209.689"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things like incorporation or (indistinct) mixing zone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2209.689,2213.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should work to control those loses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2213.433,2216.491"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That brings me to the last overhead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2216.491,2219.491"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here we are looking at the past","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2224.063,2225.631"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we had the EPA involved in the '70s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2225.631,2228.785"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They turned the phrase best management practice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2228.785,2231.535"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to control chemical loses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2231.535,2233.116"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2233.116,2235.648"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't really know best, we don't know yet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2235.648,2237.791"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and probably never will know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2237.791,2239.159"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the best management practices really are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2239.159,2241.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we can probably find better management practices.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2241.103,2243.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Things then like banding herbicides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2243.983,2246.575"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where rather than spray the whole surface area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2246.575,2250.031"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at two pounds an acre, you spray a third of the area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2250.031,2252.859"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at three quarters of a pound per acre.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2252.859,2255.398"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cultivating in between the banded areas mechanically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2255.398,2259.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a way to reduce the rate and reduce the losses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2259.627,2262.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Incorporation, getting the chemical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2262.003,2264.829"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of the same mixing zone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2264.829,2266.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Either mechanically or with special tools is another way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2266.303,2269.726"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I already mentioned conservation tillage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2269.726,2271.486"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as being an important practice for control of erosion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2271.486,2276.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's some concern in conservation tillage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2276.0,2278.255"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have these macro pores coming to the surface","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2278.255,2280.414"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and existing (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2280.414,2283.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But again, from some measurements we made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2285.926,2288.158"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here at Iowa State we actually had good water quality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2288.158,2290.511"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and (indistinct) nitrate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2290.511,2293.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) already had the potential","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2293.5,2296.222"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for macro pores to come to the surface","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2296.222,2298.559"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as opposed to a plow system where they grow and destroy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2298.559,2301.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's several options in terms of management practices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2301.891,2304.442"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assuming that we're going to grow corn and soybeans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2304.442,2308.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the issues that comes up is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2308.71,2311.658"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at what level of control do we need to reach?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2311.658,2315.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's where the question of standards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2315.353,2317.012"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and health advisories do come in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2317.012,2319.495"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, I think for (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2319.495,2321.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a standard of 70 parts per billion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2321.893,2324.341"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The standard for (indistinct) is three parts per billion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2324.341,2327.615"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One for (indistinct) at 0.4 parts per billion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2327.615,2331.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For the rest they have what they call health advisories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2331.863,2335.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are some guidance as to whether the detectable amount","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2335.223,2339.636"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is of concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2339.636,2340.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I mentioned earlier, we have a project in (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2343.239,2346.229"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"county with what are called (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2346.229,2348.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You probably have seen reference to those in the paper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2348.62,2351.086"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The (indistinct) says that we shall develop a system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2351.086,2354.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which will both eliminate contamination to ground water","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2354.077,2357.442"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from drainage wells.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2357.442,2359.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if that means zero, it does to most of us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2359.69,2362.645"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's only one way to reach that goal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2362.645,2365.536"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to eliminate the use of compounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2365.536,2368.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If standards of health advisories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2368.117,2369.572"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are used as a guide to strive for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2369.572,2372.015"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to use to turn to the point when you're successful,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2372.015,2375.634"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then I think we have a chance of providing some solutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2375.634,2379.724"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another issue that appears regularly is the question of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2379.724,2383.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pesticide contamination in drinking water wells.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2383.237,2387.499"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Both rural wells and city water supply wells","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2387.499,2390.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as contamination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2390.38,2391.589"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from non point source contamination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2391.589,2394.589"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we have to realize that in a lot of places","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2395.563,2398.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of poor house keeping in the past,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2398.3,2400.426"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that around well heads","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2400.426,2402.692"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there have been contamination from point sources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2402.692,2406.775"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With the (indistinct) on research,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2408.231,2411.094"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obviously we've got to have more research development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2411.094,2413.485"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and demonstration as a solution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2413.485,2416.152"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I talked about early practices in what is talked about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2417.373,2421.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the book Alternative Agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2421.333,2424.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Doctor (indistinct) was one of the fine editors on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2424.213,2427.041"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our systems, I think we need to move","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2427.041,2430.516"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from management practices looking only at corn and soybeans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2430.516,2433.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the systems where we take things at their location","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2433.9,2436.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the benefits they might provide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2436.42,2439.281"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of providing nitrogen or pest resistance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2439.281,2442.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of disease, insect or weed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2442.933,2445.492"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That we need the information to make (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2445.492,2449.538"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conventional systems that we're talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2449.538,2453.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in last Sunday's paper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2453.193,2455.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With that I'll turn it over to John Miranowski.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2456.153,2460.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2460.257,2463.424"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm going to see if I can operate up here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2506.549,2508.622"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and use the projector.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2508.622,2509.774"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not sure that these are going to show","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2509.774,2510.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as I would like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2511.843,2513.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me just say it's a real pleasure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2513.317,2514.882"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be back in Ames, at Iowa State.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2514.882,2517.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I very much miss the opportunity to interact with students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2517.02,2520.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the last five years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2520.66,2522.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I've got numerous good friends here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2522.6,2525.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of my friends who was here at the time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2526.334,2527.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who left about the time I let Ames was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2528.877,2532.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and used to enjoy telling a story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2532.003,2535.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it was because he was an ordained minister","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2535.65,2538.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I was an economist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2538.74,2540.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But he told the story to me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2540.19,2543.022"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about these three individuals who decided to fly over Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2543.022,2547.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a very beautiful, clear, sunny day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2547.6,2552.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They took out this plane and one of them was an economist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2552.77,2556.256"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one was a minister and the other was a student.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2556.256,2559.784"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Flying along all of a sudden","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2559.784,2561.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the plane developed engine trouble.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2561.83,2564.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They all of a sudden realized they only had two parachutes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2565.63,2567.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The economist immediately jumped up and said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2568.85,2572.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Well, I've got to go on solving the world's problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2572.02,2574.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I've got to have one of those parachutes.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2574.99,2576.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He grabbed one and he jumped.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2576.953,2579.016"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The minister said, \"Well, I've got to carry on God's work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2579.016,2580.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I need one of those parachutes too.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2580.947,2582.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He turned to the student and said, \"I have to have it.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2584.1,2587.024"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The student said, \"Well, that's okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2587.024,2588.857"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Take it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2588.857,2590.502"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"That dumb economist grabbed my book bag","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2590.502,2592.332"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and jumped with it.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2592.332,2594.082"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think one of the things that little story point out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2595.126,2598.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the importance, if you will,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2600.063,2601.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of grabbing onto the right issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2601.82,2603.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think as we look at ground water quality issues,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2605.209,2608.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"technology issues that are involved here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2608.03,2610.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's extremely important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2611.656,2613.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we get them into the right perspective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2613.2,2614.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of the things that we're dealing with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2616.552,2618.659"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we deal with environment quality issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2618.659,2621.284"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and water quality issues may not always be what they seem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2621.284,2625.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think one of the biggest challenges we have right now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2626.12,2628.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the lack of information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2628.86,2630.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or varying complete information in certain cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2632.051,2634.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think as we go about resolving this problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2634.78,2638.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's one of our biggest challenges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2638.47,2639.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what I'd like to share with you tonight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2641.012,2643.499"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are some observations of an economist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2643.499,2646.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in addressing these problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2646.09,2647.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly some of the things that we have underway","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2649.1,2652.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within The Department of Agriculture in Washington","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2652.61,2655.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that try to deal with those.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2655.48,2657.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very important, I think, that you realize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2658.01,2661.022"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm going to be dealing with a broader,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2661.022,2663.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more national perspective than specific to Iowa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2663.493,2667.755"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think a lot of the chemical problems that we deal with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2667.755,2670.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are very relevant and pressing here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2670.97,2673.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Iowa plays a very important part in this picture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2673.86,2677.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's no doubt that we pick up the press daily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2679.826,2683.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very strong concerns about ground water","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2684.924,2686.874"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ag chemicals in the ground water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2687.79,2690.532"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We pick up very strong concerns about pesticides,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2690.532,2693.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pesticide regulations as they pertain to food safety.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2693.69,2696.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have a lot of discussions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2697.996,2699.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that pertain to the upcoming farm bill debates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2699.287,2702.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how that particular channel or avenue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2702.39,2704.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might be used to control or deal with this problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2704.96,2709.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think maybe the three questions we want to ask is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2711.478,2714.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is happening?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2714.24,2715.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why is it happening?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2715.48,2717.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is agriculture doing about it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2717.37,2720.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to start out reiterating some information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2722.168,2725.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's been shared with you before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2725.75,2727.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think graphically it comes across more importantly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2728.975,2731.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first slide gives us trends in nitrogen usage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2735.796,2740.796"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is between 1960 and 1987.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2746.216,2750.214"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think one of the things that we can see,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2750.214,2752.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this applies to the nation as a whole","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2752.59,2754.964"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in crop production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2754.964,2756.315"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there's been a very dramatic increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2756.315,2758.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in total nitrogen applied.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2758.57,2760.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We went from about 250 million tons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2762.311,2764.127"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or 2.5 million tons up to, as Bill pointed out earlier,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2769.458,2774.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 10.5 today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2774.06,2776.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's been a very sizeable increase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2777.03,2779.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can see what happened in '83 in the pick year here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2779.29,2782.544"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the use dropped dramatically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2782.544,2785.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there are a couple of things to notice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2786.57,2788.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is that that increase has not continued.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2788.84,2791.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As Jim pointed out earlier,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2792.368,2793.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've had some decline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2793.32,2795.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That decline has been even more significant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2795.4,2798.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we look at phosphorus use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2798.92,2800.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not saying they are not continuing to be a problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2800.69,2804.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I don't think we can argue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2804.36,2805.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the use has been dramatically increasing recently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2805.68,2808.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we can argue that the use is quite high","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2809.882,2812.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and probably a matter for some concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2812.43,2815.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Likewise with pesticide usage,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2815.03,2817.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we look at the quantities used,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2820.52,2825.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as Bill was pointing out earlier,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2826.729,2828.706"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've gone from a relatively modest amount used back in 1964","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2828.706,2832.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up to very high levels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2832.57,2834.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A the same time as we go into the later 1980s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2835.638,2838.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've seen some continuing decline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2839.829,2842.857"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That continuing decline might be due to the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2842.857,2844.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we've got CRP lands and ARP lands out of production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2844.82,2849.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It may be due to changes in the '85 farm bill","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2849.08,2852.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which led to lower market prices for commodities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2852.16,2855.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we've seen some decline in usage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2856.31,2859.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we've got to break this usage out though","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2859.12,2862.258"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and realize as Jim was pointing out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2862.258,2863.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that herbicide usage has continued to increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2863.81,2866.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up until recently and that the usage level is quite high","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2866.76,2871.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and probably a matter for concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2872.39,2874.282"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd also like to point out though,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2874.282,2875.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in the preliminary evidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2875.87,2877.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from EPA's well water survey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2877.99,2879.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is not a lot of pesticides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2881.56,2885.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"showing up in the ground water samples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2885.66,2888.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Generally the incidence that have show up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2889.91,2894.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are below the public health advisory or EPA advisory levels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2895.212,2898.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The case about nitrates though,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2900.17,2902.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably indicates a more serious problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2903.276,2905.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's one that's been with us for a while","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2906.372,2908.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think in certain areas of the country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2908.09,2910.134"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's one that we need to be extremely concerned about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2910.134,2913.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next question I'd like to touch on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2918.089,2920.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is why is this happening?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2920.48,2921.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there's some very good reasons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2923.04,2925.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why we see chemical use increasing over time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2925.4,2929.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maybe some reasons hwy we see it dropping off some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2929.96,2932.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in more recent years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2932.95,2934.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I'd like to do is just share with you a diagram","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2934.954,2937.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that gives the relative costs of pesticides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2937.77,2941.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to farm machinery and labor since WWII.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2941.8,2944.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The number, and essentially what we have here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2952.37,2957.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the price of pesticides relative to labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2958.066,2962.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the important thing to see here is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2965.588,2967.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the price of pesticides has continued to decline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2967.983,2972.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same thing is true with respect to nitrogen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2972.447,2974.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As that price of the input falls","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2974.4,2977.804"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relative to other inputs or to output,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2977.804,2979.704"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a greater and greater incentive to use it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2980.545,2982.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the problems that we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2983.698,2985.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in dealing with the prices here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2985.767,2987.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the fact that the prices that we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2987.946,2991.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't reflect the cost to the environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2991.77,2994.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They only reflect the cost to the farmer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2995.756,2997.969"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using this as a means of protecting or controlling weeds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=2997.969,3001.391"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or protecting against insect damage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3001.391,3003.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or if we're dealing with nitrogen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3003.31,3005.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they don't include the cost that might be imposed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3005.958,3008.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on drinking water sources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3008.16,3009.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The prices of these ag chemicals have, over time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3011.2,3015.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"due to new technology dropped very dramatically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3015.86,3019.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's lead to the substitution of those inputs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3019.53,3022.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for other inputs in agricultural production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3022.61,3024.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The farmer in his day to day decision making process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3026.76,3030.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wants to survive, wants to make a profit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3030.89,3033.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the process of doing that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3033.71,3035.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uses the cheapest way of producing that crop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3035.57,3039.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because of the technologies that have been developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3039.04,3042.492"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the rising costs of labor over time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3042.492,3045.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"machinery and other things relative to ag chemicals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3045.133,3047.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those chemicals have been substituted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3047.96,3049.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get the added yields and the added output.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3050.67,3053.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've also tried to estimate what's going to be happening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3064.588,3069.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of where we need to be concerned about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3069.03,3072.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ground water contamination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3072.31,3073.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we have here is only an indication","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3075.682,3078.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the potential for ground water contamination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3078.7,3081.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from two different types of ag chemicals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3081.74,3085.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is nitrates and the other is pesticides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3086.012,3088.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We derive these locations based upon two criteria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713#t=3088.2,3093.2"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112713/transcript/25999/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/999/original/AV203882_The_Impact_of_Agricultural_Technology_on_the_Environment_a.vtt?1620667502","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/999/original/AV203882_The_Impact_of_Agricultural_Technology_on_the_Environment_a.vtt?1620667502"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV203882_The_Impact_of_Agricultural_Technology_on_the_Environment_b.mp3"]},"duration":717.384,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/112/714/small/lecture.png?1620667506","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/112/714/original/AV203882_The_Impact_of_Agricultural_Technology_on_the_Environment_b.mp3?1620667506","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":717.384,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203882_The_Impact_of_Agricultural_Technology_on_the_Environment_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Our areas of potential nitrate contamination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=4.783,8.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the green areas of potential pesticide contamination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=8.32,11.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the potential for contamination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=11.65,14.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the red areas here being potential","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=14.05,16.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for both types of contaminants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=16.55,18.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think one of the things that points out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=18.63,20.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that policy-wise we might wanna be asking ourselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=20.39,24.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some very serious questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=24.21,25.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The potential for pesticide contamination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=27.12,31.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doesn't necessarily refer with the potential","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=31.32,33.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for nitrate contamination first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=33.52,35.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and secondly, that the areas where it is occurring","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=36.89,41.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in either case are not nationwide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=42.64,46.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but are in some areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=46.9,47.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they're very intensive agricultural practices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=47.98,50.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and where the soil conditions are appropriate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=50.287,53.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for those chemicals to leach down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=53.44,55.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, as we design policy, the question becomes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=55.92,59.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do we wanna look for a universal solution to the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=59.15,62.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or do we wanna look for solutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=62.68,64.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that deal with the problem where it's located","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=64.27,66.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or target that particular crop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=66.49,68.726"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From an agricultural point of view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=68.726,70.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is gonna make a big difference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=72.22,74.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of how we approach it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=74.08,75.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a consumer point of view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=75.92,78.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a drinking water point of view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=78.92,80.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has also going to make a difference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=80.78,83.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of who's gonna benefit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=83.09,84.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how much benefit we're going to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=84.62,86.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"derive from universal solutions to the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=87.25,91.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, basically one of the things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=91.02,93.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have to face here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=93.1,94.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that certain areas are very vulnerable to transport,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=94.83,98.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of those areas are very subject","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=98.43,100.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to high application levels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=100.39,102.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and even once we've gone that far","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=102.46,106.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we still don't have any established patterns","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=106.64,109.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of where wild water is contaminated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=109.74,112.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I use the term contaminated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=112.74,115.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the true technical sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=115.21,117.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean only the presence of the chemicals there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=117.96,121.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not necessarily in levels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=121.09,122.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there are advisories in terms of of human health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=122.71,126.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, simply the presence of chemical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=127.09,130.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if we look at the water surveys of the past","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=130.0,134.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the things that we have to be very careful is there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=134.517,138.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the egg chemicals have been found present","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=138.33,142.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in drinking water supplies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=142.35,143.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a number of different locations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=143.91,145.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the presence of them doesn't mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=147.16,149.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they're at a level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=149.6,150.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they propose an imminent hazards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=150.77,153.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think that's something that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=153.95,155.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some cases it may be very trace amounts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=155.32,157.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we've gotten very sophisticated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=158.274,159.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our measuring devices now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=159.65,162.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so we could detect very small quantities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=162.1,164.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I don't think necessarily that the presence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=164.92,167.182"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a small amount signifies a very significant problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=167.182,172.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I'd like to move to now is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=172.964,177.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me point out one other thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=177.54,179.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of dealing with the prior problems or our concerns","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=179.26,183.474"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there're some things that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=183.474,185.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we want to be very kindness enough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=185.06,187.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've argued that the use of these chemicals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=187.35,189.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was largely driven by cost surprises","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=189.55,192.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of our solutions are gonna have to find ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=193.52,196.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of altering those prices.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=196.45,197.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can subsidize the farmer or cost share with the farmer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=199.36,203.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for using less clinical intensive practices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=203.4,205.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or safer practice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=205.89,206.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can tax the farmer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=207.7,208.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make the price of the chemical higher","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=209.87,211.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so he uses less of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=211.83,213.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can come along and provide public research funds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=214.56,217.701"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"develop new technologies that are cheaper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=217.701,220.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that are better substances","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=220.78,222.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or we can come along","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=224.54,225.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we can ban the use of certain chemicals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=225.74,228.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly in certain areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=228.5,229.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and make their prices infinite","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=229.97,231.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they won't be used in the production process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=231.87,234.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, we've got a lot of alternatives here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=235.8,239.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the question is which ones do we wanna use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=239.5,241.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this policy solution?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=241.87,244.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The department of agriculture takes very much the approach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=245.22,248.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we wanna find voluntary means","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=248.72,250.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of bringing this back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=250.74,252.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either through subsidization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=252.65,254.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through in the case of technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=255.6,258.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"getting better technology outfits or alternatively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=258.94,261.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for those that do pose an imminent health hazard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=262.987,266.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of actually removal of those chemicals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=266.45,268.762"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the social activities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=268.762,270.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well I'd like to talk about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=270.52,271.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now is some of the things that we are have underway","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=271.353,274.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the department to respond to the concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=274.66,277.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, the USDA has a water quality initiative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=282.55,287.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is up for funding right now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=289.7,292.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think it's an indication of the way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=292.14,295.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a number of efforts are gonna be going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=295.67,297.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the Bush administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=297.36,299.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of dealing with environmental food safety problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=299.29,302.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=302.58,304.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The efforts underway are part of a larger executive effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=304.2,309.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is referred to as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=310.09,311.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the President's water quality initiative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=311.7,314.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the department of agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=314.14,316.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the current fiscal year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=316.01,318.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're looking at about $40 million","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=318.06,319.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably a little less than that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=320.849,322.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when conference committee gets done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=322.51,325.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the activity is not only integrated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=325.03,328.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across the department of agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=328.217,330.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it also is integrated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=330.46,331.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the environmental protection agency's activities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=331.77,334.196"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with what's going on at land grant universities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=334.196,336.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=336.88,338.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and with what the U.S. Geological Survey is doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=338.21,341.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think I said new and different direction for research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=341.59,345.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a new and different directions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=345.32,346.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for dealing with environmental quality products.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=346.64,350.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, one of the main things we wanna do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=350.28,352.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is establish the relationship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=352.54,354.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between agricultural activities and groundwater quality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=354.63,357.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, we wanna be looking at new technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=358.66,362.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and new ways of getting technology adopted out there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=362.01,365.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we bring a five adjustments to news levels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=365.99,368.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and thirdly we want to get adopted or encourage the adoption","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=368.93,373.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of economic and effective management strategies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=374.19,376.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That program is composed of three parts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=377.55,381.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first part is to establish a chemically database.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=381.3,385.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't know what is being used on what crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=385.31,388.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or what chemicals are being used on what crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=388.95,391.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in what's States right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=391.2,392.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of our first points is to establish a database","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=392.94,396.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is not only important in terms of groundwater quality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=396.51,400.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's also important in terms of food safety,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=400.01,403.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pesticide assessments, endangered species act","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=403.0,406.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a whole range of others thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=406.27,408.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second thing that we wanna do is to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=408.27,411.901"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"establish a long-term research program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=411.901,415.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that looks at think and transport issues and these chemicals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=415.33,418.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that develops new technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=419.69,421.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that analyzes different policy option","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=421.96,424.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to bring about the changes that are deemed desirable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=424.27,427.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thirdly, in what might be referred to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=428.78,431.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a near term response is a large part of this effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=431.39,435.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably about three fourths of it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=435.56,437.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is going to be technical assistance, cost sharing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=437.64,441.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in educational programs to make farmers better aware","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=441.43,445.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of things that could be bad","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=445.37,446.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to encourage the adoption of different practice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=447.72,450.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think what we need to be looking for though","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=450.96,453.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are technologies much like integrated pest management","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=453.12,456.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that substitutes better information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=457.45,459.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of infestation levels, in terms of problem levels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=459.78,463.536"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for actualide chemicals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=463.536,465.536"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think a very interesting case in point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=467.54,469.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is what's happened with cotton use of insecticides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=469.66,473.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back in the 1960s, late 1960s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=474.52,477.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I was doing my dissertation research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=477.7,480.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some farmers in the South Eastern part of the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=481.43,484.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were using about 40 pounds of active ingredients an acre","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=484.46,487.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in cotton production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=487.3,488.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's about enough probably to drown the insects out there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=489.217,493.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let alone killing through their toxicity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=493.09,495.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right now, the average I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=496.36,497.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a acre of cotton across the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=497.79,500.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is only about 40 points of active ingredients an acre..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=500.13,504.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Farmers during the 60s in parts of the South","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=504.74,507.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're going out on four to five day rotations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=507.87,510.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and spraying automatic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=510.24,511.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there's a much better information system out there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=512.72,516.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that leads to much more judicious use of those chemicals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=516.58,520.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and much less threat to the environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=520.05,522.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a board weagal eradication program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=522.52,525.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where farmers are literally participating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=525.1,527.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in an effort to put aside cotton growing for a few years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=527.23,530.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to break the weavel cycle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=530.44,532.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and cotton is reappearing in areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=532.49,534.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where it hasn't produced for a long time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=534.62,536.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it must lower insecticide uses today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=536.68,538.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is an example of one type of approach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=539.9,543.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we get to add chemicals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=543.09,544.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like nitrates or nitrogen, again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=544.71,547.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there are a number of practice adjustments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=547.9,551.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't really have good information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=551.01,552.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on what levels of chemicals need to be applied.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=552.96,556.202"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have a lot of, I came down from Minneapolis this morning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=556.202,559.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I saw a lot of anhydrous tanks out in the field","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=559.83,562.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"applying an hydrous ammonia this time of year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=562.35,565.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably if we're lucky 70% of that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=565.18,566.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be there next spring.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=566.99,568.595"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The timing of the applications are very important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=568.595,571.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's cheap to apply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=572.91,574.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time is not the farmer's labor is not nearly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=576.15,579.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as valuable to him this time of the year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=579.52,581.495"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it's gonna be next spring planning time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=581.495,583.536"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's gonna be the need for incentives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=583.536,586.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to apply those chemicals closer planning time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=586.11,589.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the proper amounts that can be taken up by the plant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=589.86,593.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to reduce the threat to the environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=593.45,595.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there are a number of aspects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=595.8,598.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would make the same plug for research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=598.37,600.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Jim Baker made a minute ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=600.42,603.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think some of our research trends","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=603.4,605.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are going in the right direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=605.18,607.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we look at what's been happening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=607.65,611.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of production research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=611.7,613.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is public research expenditures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=613.98,616.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's been a lot more going into","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=616.36,618.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resource management issues over time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=618.64,620.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are real dollars, pest control issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=620.87,623.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other ways of reducing costs such as substituting rotation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=623.9,628.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or alternative agricultural systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=628.33,630.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if we look at what's happened","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=630.53,632.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of environmental quality research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=632.5,634.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"versus food safety","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=635.961,637.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we see enviromental quality research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=637.88,639.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dropping down in the 80s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=639.58,641.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"picking up a little bit the last year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=641.4,643.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"food safety research, again, being pretty flat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=643.6,646.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going up a little bit over time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=646.54,648.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think one of the things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=648.49,649.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we need to be concerned with here is one of the ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=649.423,653.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of finding a cheap solution to the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=653.02,655.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or cheaper solution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=655.89,657.457"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and providing the incentives out there is going to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=657.457,660.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"providing better technological alternatives, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=660.81,663.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=664.98,667.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd like to ask our panelists to come up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=672.928,674.684"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sit up here please","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=674.684,676.018"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we have time for 15 minutes or 20 minutes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=676.018,678.255"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe of questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=678.255,680.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Please when you ask your question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=680.59,682.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mentioned if you wanna direct it to one of our panelists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=682.74,684.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first speaker Joe Kraptin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=684.717,686.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or our second speaker Jim Baker","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=686.17,687.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or our last speaker, John (mumbling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=687.76,690.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or if you'd like all three or any combination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=690.11,693.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any permutation of that to answer your questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=693.1,696.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Don't be shy, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=699.748,701.248"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e We know we can gain some substantial long term","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=703.8,707.245"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's the key (mumbling) longterm benefits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=707.245,712.245"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26000/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/026/000/original/AV203882_The_Impact_of_Agricultural_Technology_on_the_Environment_b.vtt?1620667508","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/026/000/original/AV203882_The_Impact_of_Agricultural_Technology_on_the_Environment_b.vtt?1620667508"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26001","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203882_The_Impact_of_Agricultural_Technology_on_the_Environment_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714/transcript/26001/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Hello. I'd like to welcome you all to tonight's presentation. Before I introduce our panel, I have a few announcements concerning the rest of the week. Tomorrow, scheduled at noon, Robert Wall will be lecturing on democracy and the environment. This will be at the . Our 3:00 pm speaker, Mr. Melendez will not be here. He's been called away and is currently on his way to Tokyo, so he will not be presenting. 8:00 tomorrow night Gerardo Judowski will be speaking on forest development and conservation. This will be at 8:00 pm in the sunroom. Tonight's panel is entitled the impact of agricultural technology on the environment. Our panel members include, James Baker, who is a agricultural engineering professor here at Iowa State. Bill Trompton, who is with the botany department here at Iowa State. Both of these men are faculty members of the water resources graduate program in the ecology and evolutionary biology program. panel is John Miranowski who is director of the resources and technology division of the USDA environmental research service. He is also prior associate professor of economics from Iowa State. I'd like to remind you all there will be a reception following tonight's presentation in this room. You're all invited to attend. Right now I'd like to introduce Tony Smith who's our moderator.\r\n\r\n- I'd like to thank everybody for coming out and also apologize that we're off to a little late start. But at a university of science and technology you have to expect little technical difficulties to arise every now and then. Basically there's an old slogan that we hear a lot, it's think globally and act locally. That slogan makes a lot of sense. In the world of institute, we're had a chance to think globally about issues this whole week so far, but on another sense, the slogan really doesn't make a lot of sense because it's just as important to think locally as much as it is to think globally. Tonight gives us a chance to do that and talk about some environmental issues that hit very close to home indeed. There's not too much need to go through this. Some of the speakers will present us with more statistics, but just to give a rough idea about some of the issues, we all know that we use a lot of herbicides that have problems in terms of reducing the organic matter in soils and also create some ground water problems. Today farmers use 10.5 million tons of fertilizer a year. 55,000 tons of pesticides are used. Some of which are carcinogenic and create problems like blue baby syndrome. In recent years the EPA has banned 27 agricultural chemicals as being health hazards. The EPA says that agriculture is the largest, non-localized source of surface water pollution that there is. The EPA has done tests in agricultural states like Iowa, Florida, and so on have discovered agricultural chemicals in 50% of the well water, which is the basic form of drinking for many people. Intensive cultivation of the soil has created big problems of erosion with a loss of 3.1 billion tons of top soil a year. We have lost a 3rd of all our top soil in the country in the last 100 years. When you add all these problems, David Pimento, a scientist at Cornell University has estimated that if you add all the health, economic, and wasted resources, environment problems in the larger sense, the cost of all these things it runs anywhere between 75 billion and 100 billion dollars a year to our economy. The speakers tonight are going to tell us how the situation came about, what it means, and maybe propose some idea to how we can get out of it. The order is going to be, Bill Trompton will speak first, then James Baker, then John Miranowski. Each speaker will speak for 15 to 20 minutes and then after that we should have some time for questions and answers before we go and have some food.\r\n\r\n- The impacts of agriculture that I usually think about have to do with water quality primarily. But agriculture has far reaching impacts and other parts of the country chemical water quality is not such an obvious problem in un-irrigated, fairly dry farming systems. Salinization in the western United States, the depletion of ground water, aquifers, in irrigated areas such as Oklahoma and Texas, central pivot irrigation systems. But the impacts that I'd like to talk about have to do primarily with Midwestern farm belt agriculture. Some of these impacts are fairly obvious. Most of us recognize the most obvious impact of agriculture is what used to be natural land is now a row crop. We may not fully appreciate what that entails. When I first came to Iowa, I'm not from the Midwest,\r\n\r\n- .\r\n\r\n- If you can't hear me, you'll have to . Can you hear me now? I envisioned this part of the country being vast prairies interspersed with woodlands and river valleys. I no longer think of that, especially for this part of central Iowa. Story county in particular is a large, very flat county. It was settled very late because it was so flat and so wet. I'd like to read a couple of quotes from a book by Payne, The history of Story County. I can't paraphrase better than he puts this. The only considerable stream passing through Story county, is the South Skunk River. It was not until 1866 that a claim was made that there was actually a permanent crossing in Story county across the Skunk River from Ames to Neveda. The first Skunk crossing was at Cambridge in 1866. It was considered a permanent crossing. the next summer in 1867 in connection with a notice of returning delegates from the republican state convention at Des Moines. It's noted that these gentleman had a glorious time on the broad avenue of the Skunk. Most of you are familiar with the Skunk. The crossing is about a mile wide at Cambridge. In this season, it's the summer, at this season it's generally covered with two to four feet of water underlaid with an unfathomable depth of mud. Delegates, candidates, and all men of whatever dignity of profession who would cross the Skunk, must strip to the buck and wade. We were not there to see, but you can easily imagine the graceful picture of prim impurity presented by the noble aspect of this group of editors, senators, and the lieutenant governor as their head buffeting the raging waters of the classic Skunk. That's not the South Skunk River that I know. It came as shock to me to really begin to think about what the landscape here looked like before we drained it. We drained it in the late 1800s and in the very early 1900s. This was a very wet and soggy region. Now think of Story county as it had been largely wetland. Imagine you could not walk a mile in any one direction without walking into a wetland. You would have to walk miles to find a wetland in Story county today. The obvious impact that agriculture's had, it's not just that we've converted prairie or wetlands to corn. We have dramatically modified the basic hydrology as a way that water and materials move through the systems. A lot of the problems that we face today have to do with that modification. The way we have modified the hydrology. Over the past few decades agriculture has changed from a labor intensive to a chemical intensive enterprise. In addition to soil erosion, chemical water quality problems now pose very obvious problems will probably now remain the foremost concern of agricultural impacts over the next decade or two. There's probably nowhere in the United States where study and appreciation of these impacts is more important than in this part of the Midwest. In Iowa over 90% of the land area is used for agriculture. Iowa ranked in 1985 first in the nation in totally harvested acres. First in acres in production of corn. Second in acres in production of soybean. The top five states in oats, alfalfa and other hay crops. Iowa also ranks in the top 10 states for most livestock categories. As you can expect, we generally rank first or second in the use of fertilizers and pesticides. Pesticides meaning herbicides and insecticides. loads of nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers in Iowa are among the highest in the country. Agriculture production of corn and soybeans, probably as a mental note, with the greatest impacts on aquatic systems. These are the two largest acreage crops in rain fed regions, non irrigated crops. They account for the majority of all pesticides, nitrogen, phosphorus and fertilizers. I'd like to have the first slide. There used to be considerable disagreeing about whether agriculture really was having any impact on ground water quality. We've known for a long time that agriculture has impacted surface water quality. The purpose of this figure is to illustrate. I'm using nitrogen as an example. Nitrates and pesticides are the two ag chemicals of primary concern because the potential adverse impacts of those compounds on both ecosystem function and other public health. As mentioned nitrate is a primary water quality parameter. There are legal limits for nitrate concentrations in drinking water, blue baby syndrome. Pesticides are more difficult. Most pesticides, the EPA has not established safe drinking levels for a variety of these compounds. They are in our ground water now. There is now documentation of that. Most of the data that's available has to do though, with nitrogen. I'll talk a little bit about nitrogen just to give you some feel for how widespread this impact has been and how it's increased in recent years. I hope you can read this. The point of it is, this is a concentration of nitrogen in water draining the land used in different practices. It starts at the top with dense forest land and ends at the bottom with land that is like Iowa, 90% agricultural. You can see very obviously that the nitrogen concentrations in water draining those water sheds is much higher. These data are 10 to 15 years old. They are part of an EPA report . The concentrations that we have, our intensity of use of these fertilizers has continued to increase since this data was collected. Not only the acreage of crops, but in the past two decades the intensity of fertilization has increased. Not only that we're applying fertilizer to more acres but we are applying more fertilizer to everything. Across the Corn Belt yearly fertilizer rates on nitrogen have increased since 1965, from about 73 kilograms per hectare to 150 kilograms per hectare. Corn accounts for only 20% of total US agricultural land but 40% of fertilizer and nitrogen bought. Continuous corn, as you know, it's a fairly common crop practice. Agriculture pesticide use follows the same pattern. Since 1964 it has more than doubled, primarily from use of herbicides. Agricultural application of pesticide, that accounts for 67% of all the pesticides used in the United States. Corn and soybeans together account for 63% in total of pesticides. This slide shows data from what used to be the Iowa geological survey bureau of the Iowa department of natural resources, George Hallburg and his colleagues. This is a study at Big Spring Basin in Clayton County. There are studies like this scattered through out the Midwest. This is one of the best data sets of this type. It illustrates from the very late '50s to now, how our pattern of nitrogen fertilization has increased. The red line represents fertilizer nitrogen application. You'll notice that in the late '50s nitrogen was derived primarily from manure. As we begin to use fertilizer nitrogen you can see the increase. You can even see the drop in nitrogen in the . Fertilizer nitrogen application was cut by almost 50%. It's interesting, I was reading about 20 year old symposium proceeding . I hesitate, in fact I won't say who made the statement, but our view was very different then. What we thought the problems were were very different. It wasn't recognized that fertilizer nitrogen applied to crops would actually enter them or most of the losses were due to on field denitrification and volatilization of these fertilizers. This book was the shift from manure nitrogen to fertilizer nitrogen applications was a step in the right direction because bacterial contaminates from the manure were no longer there. No one would make that comment today, in fact just the opposite. This illustrates, this is by a county wide study. Our pattern of use has changed. It's like similar patterns through out the United States, it's most pronounced and most striking in Iowa and in the Corn Belt. This next slide is a map, again data which is 10 to 15 years old. It's the best data available. Which illustrates the nitrogen distribution from non sources. Essentially think of this map as nitrogen concentrations in surface waters, or nitrogen loads in surface waters from sources. I've already indicated to you that agriculture is the principle source of these contents. I don't know if you can focus that in a bit or not? You have to note the darkness, the lighter the shade the lower the loads, the lower the concentration of nitrogen in our surface waters. The darker the shade the higher the concentration of nitrogen in our surface waters. That big black dot in the middle just about corresponds with the tunnel drain region of the Des Moines, , and a little bit of souther Minnesota. This is not ground water. We didn't have ground water data like this. We really didn't think that these contents went into ground water. Nitrogen fertilizers largely applied as ammonium is converted to nitrate on the field and then it's mobile. The nitrate is denitrified and gassed off in those systems. It was expected that that's what would happen, what was happening. Even 5 to 10 years ago they were sterilized. There were a lot of critics that argue that there is no evidence that agriculture is impacting the ground water quality. There's never much argument about surface water but about ground water quality. There's not much argument about that today. The argument today has more to do with how much and when and what conditions is it impacting ground water. For people that are interested in aquatic systems, I'm an aquatic ecologist. I'm concerned about the impact that agriculture has on the streams and on the wetlands. 15 years ago, 20 years ago, we had an environmental movement. Essentially we had a renewed interest in the problems that we were talking about in the '60s. In my opinion, not many people share this opinion, but I sense it's a different tone to our discussion today that then a lot of conservations groups were concerned about the way we treated the land for nature's sake. We were warned that what we do to that endangered species is only an indicator, it's The Minor's Canary. Today, the sense that I get from the legislation that's passed and from the discussions and from the sorts of research that's being asked for by places like EPA is that we're no longer worried about saving the whales, we're worried about saving ourselves. We're concerned that we're actually poisoning ourselves. We're concerned about our drinking water. It's reflected by the recent studies requested by agencies. 20 years ago people were looking at, in fact every time I tell someone outside of agricultural regions that I'm working on nitrogen in streams they think I'm looking at the impact nitrogen fertilizers have on stimulating productions in the swamps. The agencies are asking us now, what's similar to capacity? What extent can streams be used to actually improve water quality. We're no longer worried about the impact we're having on the streams. We're learning that the streams are what can actually help us. It's an important point. There are solutions. The Gemstone talked about some specific on farm solutions, we can farm better. There are also some off farm solutions. Trying to paint a picture for you of what this region looked like. Vast quantities of wetlands. Wetlands serve an essential function in these systems. They're not just places for ducks to dabble. They have water quality functions. Water which goes through a wetland before it percolates into the ground water and into the aquifers is very likely clean by our standards. Iowa is presumed to have had something like four million acres of wetlands before we drained it. We have about 30 thousand acres of wetlands today. There are initiatives in place now to restore vast quantities of those wetlands. Many of the agencies responsible are considering not only a wildlife function for wetlands but now the water quality functions as well. By optimum configuration of these landscapes, placing wetlands in critical positions, we may actually be able to have our wetlands and out water quality too.\r\n\r\n- from here. Hopefully everyone can hear me? I'm Jim Baker and it's been stated I'm from the department of ag engineering on campus. I would point out that I spell my name with one K and my wife's name is Marjorie. what I want to do in 10 minutes is just talk a little bit about ag chemical use as being part of ag technology the we're discussing tonight and as Tony mentioned, maybe thinking a little more on the local field. We're talk about the use in the state, a little bit about concerns, giving you the real brief schematic and a bit on the understanding of the state of soil applied chemicals and then touch on solutions and hopefully generate some discussion for later. Bill and I did have a few discussions as to who was going to cover what, but still we have some overlap, but it doesn't hurt to cover things twice I guess. In terms of the state of Iowa, about 60% of the land surface is going to row crops. Corn and soybeans are what we're calling row crops which means that, at least in '88 we had 11 million acres of corn and essentially 100% of that area of 11 million acres received at least one treatment of one herbicide and some received treatments of two or three. I would point out that the herbicide use is used in conjunction with mechanical cultivation. Probably 98% of those acres also received cultivation to try and control weeds. The farmers are using everything they have available to them to get a good job of weed control. In terms of insecticide, the main insecticide used are for corn root worm and they use because with rotation you can get away from that problem to a large degree. So in affect we had about 30% of our corn growing after corn the previous year. In terms of nitrogen, almost 100% of corn growing does receive a nitrogen fertilizer application. This is inorganic nitrogen at a rate in '88 of 139 pounds per acre. Actually that's down a little bit from maximum of 145 pounds per acres in '85. But way up from what it would have been in the '50s. Would point out that our neighbors to the east, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, probably are less conservative than we are or more liberal depending on how you'd like to say it, but they usually use 10, 15 pounds per acre more than we do here in Iowa. Soybeans, we use both cultivation and herbicides for weed control. We had a crop this year up in the ag area of Humboldt county or Pocahontas county where we didn't use any herbicides at all. We got five bushels to the acre. Where we had used some herbicides we did get some yields as high as 40 despite the drought. I'll touch a little bit on that in a second. This number I believe is probably not representative of '88. I think some of these chemicals, they go from a July to July period. Last year you may recall the newspapers reporting the spier mite problem with soybeans and at least a couple acres of soybeans were treated. That may have been as high as 25% for '88 when you consider July and August. Soybeans do get a little nitrogen fertilizer, often in conjunction with the feed that's applied. Not specifically to fertilize soybeans. Soybeans have the capacity to produce their own nitrogen. Some of you recognize this headline from last Sunday's paper. When you look at the use of chemicals strictly from an economic sense or an economic point of view, there are data, this happens to be from an ag commerce here in Iowa State looking at some research data comparing different systems. In one case he was comparing the conventional, with a less chemical intensity of corn, oats and alfalfa rotation with animal waste. For the 10 year period he had data on, he was getting about $100 per acre return on his land with conventional, as opposed to with the corn, soybean rotation, as opposed to the corn and alfalfa, oats rotation. As it stands with that particular set of data anyway, the headline reads true. Again pointing out that we're looking strictly at economics here. Also point out, Bill mentioned it, and I'll emphasize again, Iowa is number one each year in corn and soybean production. It's a result of the technology that we use, that does include fertilizer and herbicides. Along both that chemical use and intensity of agriculture comes concerns for our resource base and not all are concentrating on cattle crops, we have to first be concerned about our quality source base. We're concerned that without the technology we may have to go away from things such as conservation . Herbicides are really the main conservation functional and the conservation probably one of the easiest ways and one of the easiest to implement ways of getting the resource protected against both and erosion. Conservation is really making progress from the previous year on the soil surface. Protect against rain drops, and running water and wind. Even if we protected the resource base against erosion, we have to worry also about the organic matter pollution that might take place in that soil. In other words, the worse case scenario would be corn silage without replacing any of the nutrients we took from the system. Over time it would deplete the organic matter in that soil and one of the reasons Iowa's so productive is it has a high organic matter black soils, which provide the capacity that allow crops to grow so well. Also in terms of water resources, most recently we've been concerned about human health. As Bill points out, for a lot of pesticides there are not standard status. The EPA has a status . A large degree of unknown risk that some of these chemicals pose and of course with human health we're concerned about drinking water and primarily ground water for rural population. Our city population also has surface water in some cases and this has made the news most recently. The concern about . back in the '70s, some of the data that Bill showed came from then resulted because of concerns about surface run off, water quality . We'll relate those two here in a minute. One of the things that probably doesn't get a lot of attention, in particular in respect to pesticides is air quality. We've made a few measurement in Lowell that if you look at percent of loses, in other words percent of what is applied is lost in the system, actually we probably lose more up into the air than we do to either the surface or ground water resources. The fate of that alkalizes or evaporates to the air or is lost in the application is not well understood. Of course the last resource makes the news quite regularly in respect to pesticides is food. We'll touch on that. In terms of understanding the fate of pesticides applied to the soil surface we've had a lot of studies here at Iowa State as well as from around the nation that gives a pretty good basis to understand what happens to material that is applied to the soil surface. One of the things that becomes apparent is that chemicals have properties that really are important to determine how much loss will occur from the treated area. One is persistence, particularly when you're talking about pesticides. How long does it remain before . What nitrogen products do I have to be concerned about . All that's there is important. The second factor that's very important in determining the rate of absorption, in other words, how much interaction is there between the chemical and the soil? You need to realize that all pesticides, all chemicals are different, they have different properties. They have different degrees of persistence and different degrees of absorption. So their fates will be different. If you'd like, the schematic shown here of the soil surface that might have been treated with pesticide. We have learned that show here, 10 milometers, a half inch or so. It interacts with rain water falling on it or flowing off the surface and picks up chemicals. These chemicals then dissolve and become part of run off. Anything we can do to get the chemicals out of that mixing zone are going to have to surface water quality. If we apply less, replace it beneath that mixing zone, those sorts of things are many of the options that can help reduce surface run off loses. One of the things that happens, Iowa having good soil with the organic matter and good structure unless their compacted or already wet, rain fall initially falls is going to soak in before run off begins. If there are chemicals in this mixing zone that are not very strongly absorbed to the soil they are flushed down into the . So it turns out compounds like nitrate, which are very soluble, are not lost in a large degree in surface run off, at least here in Iowa. They are removed from this mixing zone with the initial rain fall. We know that they do show up in our shallow drains and aquifer. The other thing that's become important to us in terms of understanding, we don't have a complete understanding yet, but we're gaining on it, that is the concept of preferential flow macro pores shown here by these little squiggly lines. They might be worm holes, they might be , or just cracks from drying in the wet dry cycles. There's concern that these preferential flow channels can allow chemicals to move through much more quickly than you would expect if it had to move through the soil matrix if they weren't there. I think the understanding we're arriving at is, depending on where the chemical is placed these macro pores can actually be a benefit. In other words if the chemicals is in this mass of soil and we have water percolating through the macro pores, it's actually bypassing chemical in the soil. They may end up, a little bit, showing up. They may have more detections of renewed quantities in terms of mass . Going back to absorption then, a chemical is not absorbed, it's going to go into the system before it begins to be lost to surface run off. If it's not absorbed it'll be trapped to some degree here on the surface, but it will dissolve enough to be lost in run off with sediment water. If it's strongly absorbed it's going to be tied up to soil and only lost in the sediment. Often we group compounds into three categories relative to those three transport mechanisms. Not absorbed, moving with the water release. We treat those different when we try to control their losses. Those lost mainly with the sediment. Erosion obviously is a way to control those. Those that may trap to a small degree here at the surface because of amount of absorption, things like incorporation or mixing zone should work to control those loses. That brings me to the last overhead. Here we are looking at the past when we had the EPA involved in the '70s. They turned the phrase best management practice trying to control chemical loses . We don't really know best, we don't know yet and probably never will know what the best management practices really are. But we can probably find better management practices. Things then like banding herbicides where rather than spray the whole surface area at two pounds an acre, you spray a third of the area at three quarters of a pound per acre. Cultivating in between the banded areas mechanically. That's a way to reduce the rate and reduce the losses. Incorporation, getting the chemical out of the same mixing zone. Either mechanically or with special tools is another way. I already mentioned conservation tillage as being an important practice for control of erosion. There's some concern in conservation tillage you have these macro pores coming to the surface and existing . But again, from some measurements we made here at Iowa State we actually had good water quality and nitrate. already had the potential for macro pores to come to the surface as opposed to a plow system where they grow and destroy. There's several options in terms of management practices assuming that we're going to grow corn and soybeans. One of the issues that comes up is that at what level of control do we need to reach? That's where the question of standards and health advisories do come in. Again, I think for there's a standard of 70 parts per billion. The standard for is three parts per billion. One for at 0.4 parts per billion. For the rest they have what they call health advisories which are some guidance as to whether the detectable amount is of concern. As I mentioned earlier, we have a project in county with what are called . You probably have seen reference to those in the paper. The says that we shall develop a system which will both eliminate contamination to ground water from drainage wells. So if that means zero, it does to most of us, there's only one way to reach that goal is to eliminate the use of compounds. If standards of health advisories are used as a guide to strive for and to use to turn to the point when you're successful, then I think we have a chance of providing some solutions. Another issue that appears regularly is the question of pesticide contamination in drinking water wells. Both rural wells and city water supply wells as well as contamination from non point source contamination. I think we have to realize that in a lot of places because of poor house keeping in the past, that around well heads there have been contamination from point sources. With the on research, obviously we've got to have more research development and demonstration as a solution. I talked about early practices in what is talked about in the book Alternative Agriculture, that Doctor was one of the fine editors on, our systems, I think we need to move from management practices looking only at corn and soybeans, the systems where we take things at their location in terms of the benefits they might provide in terms of providing nitrogen or pest resistance in terms of disease, insect or weed. That we need the information to make conventional systems that we're talking about in last Sunday's paper. With that I'll turn it over to John Miranowski.\r\n\r\n- I'm going to see if I can operate up here and use the projector. I'm not sure that these are going to show as well as I would like. Let me just say it's a real pleasure to be back in Ames, at Iowa State. I very much miss the opportunity to interact with students over the last five years and I've got numerous good friends here. One of my friends who was here at the time, who left about the time I let Ames was, and used to enjoy telling a story. I think it was because he was an ordained minister and I was an economist. But he told the story to me about these three individuals who decided to fly over Iowa on a very beautiful, clear, sunny day. They took out this plane and one of them was an economist and one was a minister and the other was a student. Flying along all of a sudden the plane developed engine trouble. They all of a sudden realized they only had two parachutes. The economist immediately jumped up and said, \"Well, I've got to go on solving the world's problems \"I've got to have one of those parachutes.\" He grabbed one and he jumped. The minister said, \"Well, I've got to carry on God's work. \"I need one of those parachutes too.\" He turned to the student and said, \"I have to have it.\" The student said, \"Well, that's okay. \"Take it. \"That dumb economist grabbed my book bag \"and jumped with it.\" I think one of the things that little story point out is the importance, if you will, of grabbing onto the right issues. I think as we look at ground water quality issues, technology issues that are involved here, that it's extremely important that we get them into the right perspective. Many of the things that we're dealing with when we deal with environment quality issues and water quality issues may not always be what they seem. I think one of the biggest challenges we have right now is the lack of information or varying complete information in certain cases. I think as we go about resolving this problem, that's one of our biggest challenges. But what I'd like to share with you tonight are some observations of an economist in addressing these problems. Secondly some of the things that we have underway within The Department of Agriculture in Washington that try to deal with those. It's very important, I think, that you realize that I'm going to be dealing with a broader, more national perspective than specific to Iowa, but I think a lot of the chemical problems that we deal with are very relevant and pressing here and Iowa plays a very important part in this picture. There's no doubt that we pick up the press daily very strong concerns about ground water and ag chemicals in the ground water. We pick up very strong concerns about pesticides, pesticide regulations as they pertain to food safety. We have a lot of discussions that pertain to the upcoming farm bill debates and how that particular channel or avenue might be used to control or deal with this problem. I think maybe the three questions we want to ask is what is happening? Why is it happening? What is agriculture doing about it? I'd like to start out reiterating some information that's been shared with you before. But I think graphically it comes across more importantly. The first slide gives us trends in nitrogen usage. This is between 1960 and 1987. I think one of the things that we can see, and this applies to the nation as a whole in crop production, that there's been a very dramatic increase in total nitrogen applied. We went from about 250 million tons or 2.5 million tons up to, as Bill pointed out earlier, about 10.5 today. It's been a very sizeable increase. You can see what happened in '83 in the pick year here when the use dropped dramatically. I think there are a couple of things to notice. One is that that increase has not continued. As Jim pointed out earlier, we've had some decline. That decline has been even more significant if we look at phosphorus use. I'm not saying they are not continuing to be a problem, but I don't think we can argue that the use has been dramatically increasing recently. I think we can argue that the use is quite high and probably a matter for some concern. Likewise with pesticide usage, if we look at the quantities used, as Bill was pointing out earlier, we've gone from a relatively modest amount used back in 1964 up to very high levels. A the same time as we go into the later 1980s we've seen some continuing decline. That continuing decline might be due to the fact that we've got CRP lands and ARP lands out of production. It may be due to changes in the '85 farm bill which led to lower market prices for commodities. But we've seen some decline in usage. I think we've got to break this usage out though and realize as Jim was pointing out, that herbicide usage has continued to increase up until recently and that the usage level is quite high and probably a matter for concern. I'd also like to point out though, that in the preliminary evidence from EPA's well water survey there is not a lot of pesticides showing up in the ground water samples. Generally the incidence that have show up are below the public health advisory or EPA advisory levels. The case about nitrates though, probably indicates a more serious problem. It's one that's been with us for a while and I think in certain areas of the country, it's one that we need to be extremely concerned about. The next question I'd like to touch on is why is this happening? I think there's some very good reasons why we see chemical use increasing over time and maybe some reasons hwy we see it dropping off some in more recent years. What I'd like to do is just share with you a diagram that gives the relative costs of pesticides to farm machinery and labor since WWII. The number, and essentially what we have here is the price of pesticides relative to labor. I think the important thing to see here is that the price of pesticides has continued to decline. The same thing is true with respect to nitrogen. As that price of the input falls relative to other inputs or to output, there's a greater and greater incentive to use it. One of the problems that we have in dealing with the prices here is the fact that the prices that we have don't reflect the cost to the environment. They only reflect the cost to the farmer using this as a means of protecting or controlling weeds or protecting against insect damage. Or if we're dealing with nitrogen they don't include the cost that might be imposed on drinking water sources. The prices of these ag chemicals have, over time, due to new technology dropped very dramatically. That's lead to the substitution of those inputs for other inputs in agricultural production. The farmer in his day to day decision making process wants to survive, wants to make a profit and in the process of doing that uses the cheapest way of producing that crop. Because of the technologies that have been developed because of the rising costs of labor over time, machinery and other things relative to ag chemicals, those chemicals have been substituted to get the added yields and the added output. We've also tried to estimate what's going to be happening in terms of where we need to be concerned about ground water contamination. What we have here is only an indication of the potential for ground water contamination from two different types of ag chemicals. One is nitrates and the other is pesticides. We derive these locations based upon two criteria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40890/file/112714#t=0.0,717.384"}]}]}]}