{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/br8mc8rz6m/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Parker, Donald, Technical Aspects of International Communication"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203344 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Technical Aspects of International Communication is a November 14, 1983 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Don Parker. Don Parker gives a historical overview of technological innovation in communications.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w96688q2z"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1983-11-14"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Parker, Donald (Donald L.) (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Communication and technology","Communication--Technological innovations"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Technical Aspects of International Communication is a November 14, 1983 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Don Parker. 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session.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=8.28,12.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before I introduce to you our this afternoon speaker,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=12.67,16.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to remind that we will have another lecture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=16.06,20.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this evening at eight o'clock.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=20.87,24.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The evening speaker is Adi Bashtin who will talk on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=25.33,27.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Uses of Technology, The New Battleground in World Trade.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=27.93,32.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And lecture will be in the Sun room in (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=32.88,37.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As for the afternoon speaker we have Don Patel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=38.78,43.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Don Patel is vice president of research and development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=43.48,47.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Quality Microsystems and was formerly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=47.77,50.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a physics professor at Iowa State.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=50.52,52.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Patel will discuss the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=53.98,54.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Technical Aspects of International Communications.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=54.817,57.417"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Without any further delay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=58.51,59.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will give the microphone to Patel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=59.343,61.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well I appreciate the invitation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=69.54,70.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to come back to Iowa state and see some friends","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=70.71,73.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and see the wonderful winter weather starting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=73.11,76.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and participate in this Institute of World Affairs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=77.469,80.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a lovely topic of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=81.91,83.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Technology and International Communications.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=83.267,86.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually my own work is very much into high technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=86.12,90.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as you may know, from some of you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=90.85,93.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who know me from years past here at Iowa state,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=93.83,96.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my wife and I have written a book on radio","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=96.93,99.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this sorts that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=99.65,101.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That book and just the general interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=101.26,102.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in studying of technology has made me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=102.99,107.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"continue to be interested in keeping up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=107.03,108.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with what's happening in this world of technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=108.84,111.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that ever-changing world of improvements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=111.177,114.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and enhancements to existing technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=114.43,118.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as some very new kinds of technology that are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=118.0,120.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"starting to emerge into the area of communications.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=120.08,123.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what I want to try to do today is just to kind of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=124.53,127.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"generally sweep through all the different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=128.22,130.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kinds of technology that have one or another 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international.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=201.44,205.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The technology has the promise to break down all aspects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=205.72,208.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of geographical borders and internal restrictive 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world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=214.53,216.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With this overview in mind and counting on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=216.53,219.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many of the other speakers in this institute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=219.53,222.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to deal with the many effects of technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=222.03,224.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on international communications,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=224.97,226.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will proceed with the discussion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=226.51,227.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the \"Technical Aspects of International Communication.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=227.82,230.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what I'd like to do first, as I said is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=232.67,234.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"give an overview of many of the things that we are used 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ones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=239.39,242.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and discuss how technology appears in those various,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=242.22,246.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"means of communication and how some of the 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into","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1013.26,1015.614"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the various countries of the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1015.614,1017.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and find many of the old things that we thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1017.84,1020.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were long gone off of television is still running there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1020.19,1022.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Dublin and French and Spanish","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1022.43,1024.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other languages, I mean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1024.33,1025.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kojak speaking French it's not,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1025.89,1028.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's kinda hard to believe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1028.21,1029.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Television has gone through several technological 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dimension","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1053.17,1056.191"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to that same effect by making the screen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1056.191,1058.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a half as big as your wall,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1058.62,1059.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you don't feel like you've got to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1060.868,1061.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the theater anymore to see movies and do things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1061.83,1065.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see things on TV that you can believe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1065.02,1066.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Color of course I think has added the greatest dimension","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1066.98,1069.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of change to television.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1069.15,1070.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's also other changes coming 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a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1076.51,1080.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"captioned sub carrier that normal TVs did not use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1080.21,1085.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you have the right kind of decoding equipment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1086.02,1087.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can pull that caption out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1087.77,1089.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and have it show up on the bottom of the 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much,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1100.11,1102.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except that they've continued to add to the quality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1102.44,1105.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the signal and the usability of the television medium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1105.47,1108.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But aside from all those things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1110.51,1112.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably the most single most significant technological","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1112.39,1115.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"change to television is the widespread distribution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1115.25,1118.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and acceptance of coax cable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1118.17,1120.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As the means to bring both broadcast signals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1120.07,1121.917"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a large number of non-broadcast signals into the home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1121.917,1125.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In addition to linearly expanding broadcasting's offerings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1125.92,1129.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cable offers some services the broadcast would not be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1129.61,1132.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interested in providing or would not be allowed to provide,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1132.22,1136.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, continuous weather news and stock channels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1136.02,1140.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and various other information only channels,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1140.33,1142.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"X-rated movie channels,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1143.51,1146.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Disney signal channels,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1146.02,1147.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just to give a short list of some examples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1147.25,1150.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The large bandwidth of coax cable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1151.07,1153.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is the ability to carry very many signals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1153.66,1156.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simultaneously allows for some other possibilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1156.66,1159.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and bi-directional communications,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1159.61,1161.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I'll discuss in a few moments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1161.08,1163.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It should be pointed out that even though the 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scanning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1514.45,1517.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and reprinting process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1517.04,1518.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these changes are occurring 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increases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1521.65,1524.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But at this time there does exist a very viable basis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1525.92,1528.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for electronic mail systems in the combination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1528.64,1530.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of both telex for ordinary simple typed messages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1530.59,1533.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be sent quickly and for and using facsimile","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1533.77,1537.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the more complex materials.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1537.86,1540.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Using those two together one can now support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1540.0,1542.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a rather effective electronic mail system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1542.91,1546.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are many improvements coming about currently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1546.79,1549.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and will continue to come about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1549.37,1550.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make that more acceptable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1550.95,1552.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well that's kind of an overview of where things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1556.29,1559.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the kinds of technology that we're used to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1559.06,1561.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seeing in the real world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1561.15,1563.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in some cases I mentioned of where it's headed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1563.26,1567.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I'd like to do now is to concentrate on a couple more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1567.13,1569.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aspects of newer technologies and what they're either","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1569.77,1573.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing to us now or about to do to us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1573.12,1575.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the first of those I'd like to talk about is satellites.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1576.15,1578.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everybody knows that the earth is slowly but surely being","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1578.9,1582.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ringed with a series of satellites put up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1582.24,1585.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by various government consortium's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1585.79,1588.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"governments of individual 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Shuttle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1594.48,1597.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is considerably easier to launch and correctly insert","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1597.16,1599.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into appropriate orbit, several satellites on one mission.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1599.93,1603.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Almost all of the important communications satellites","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1604.45,1606.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are inserted into what is called the geosynchronous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1606.48,1609.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or geostationary orbit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1609.03,1611.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This condition is achieved by putting the 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earth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1616.83,1619.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at about 22,300 miles above the earth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1619.85,1623.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In that orbit the satellite will remain stationary,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1623.32,1628.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appear to remain stationary above the earth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1628.52,1630.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the point where it's inserted in the orbit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1632.54,1635.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In actuality it's making one revolution above the earth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1635.06,1637.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for every time, the earth rotates on its axis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1637.88,1640.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so it appears to remain stationary to those of us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1640.97,1643.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are rotating with the earth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1643.56,1646.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I think is everybody in this room.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1646.11,1647.836"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing softly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1647.836,1649.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since this condition is not restricted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1649.72,1651.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are significant worries about filling up the 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large.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1656.06,1658.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, if you imagine 22,300 miles out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1658.41,1661.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and going all the way around the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1661.14,1662.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's a rather large linear space to insert satellites and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1662.53,1665.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so the physical space is quite large,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1667.49,1669.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the ability of the ground stations to distinguish","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1669.28,1672.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"orbiting stations on nearby frequencies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1672.98,1675.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are also physically close, is in fact limited.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1675.75,1678.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since most of these satellites operate in a small 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proximity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1688.24,1689.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, why all the interests in the satellites anyway?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1690.96,1693.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are numerous reasons relating 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links","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1705.16,1708.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are as follows first,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1708.84,1710.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are far fewer stations 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the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1715.61,1718.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a ground-based distribution system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1718.87,1721.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would involve a repeater station approximately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1721.43,1723.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every 50 miles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1723.3,1724.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A second advantage of satellites is 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outages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1740.2,1743.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1743.47,1744.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once you've inserted the satellites into 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stations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1776.02,1777.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are necessary for the satellites to work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1777.6,1779.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you minimize that problem by having 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useful,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1801.68,1803.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's fairly well focused.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1803.48,1805.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it goes right over to your 50 or 70 mile 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down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1812.37,1815.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a fairly tight collimation to the radio waves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1815.31,1819.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the time it goes the distance to come into the earth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1819.503,1821.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it covers hundreds of miles and so it can, or more,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=1821.83,1825.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depending on how it's 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a,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2216.038,2218.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you beam it up from a central station","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2218.58,2221.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then it gets beam down all over the 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bi-directional","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2279.27,2281.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much more distributed satellite communication system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2283.82,2286.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that we may use a variation on the 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satellites","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2293.74,2296.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with automatic switching to the most usable satellite","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2296.54,2298.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at any point in 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minute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2314.13,2315.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and talk about the technologies there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2315.92,2318.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The earth distribution systems fall into several categories,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2319.62,2322.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basically they're wired types and wireless types.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2324.01,2326.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the wired types there's one non-wire type,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2326.94,2329.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is optical fibers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2329.5,2331.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But so basically there are three 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wireless","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2352.8,2355.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"distribution system which uses microwave links.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2355.29,2358.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I've already 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simultaneously.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2368.63,2371.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They can carry voice and data and video signals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2371.81,2375.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the same transmission 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communication,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2400.11,2403.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it be a satellites or earth microwave stations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2403.15,2405.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are used to get the primary signals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2405.8,2408.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a site where multiple users exist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2408.17,2411.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then some form of wire or optic fiber 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methods,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2426.07,2428.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either the microwave links or satellite links,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2428.06,2431.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you begin the concept of local 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networks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2444.23,2446.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and schemes for distributing data and other forms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2446.25,2450.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of information over a small geographical area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2450.27,2454.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Say not to exceed 20 or 30 miles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2454.3,2456.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Basically these local area networks can 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light,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2471.6,2475.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"typically to carry the information along the fiber.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2475.31,2479.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fiber is a very efficient transmitter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2479.42,2481.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fiber is a very efficient medium for sending","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2483.63,2487.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the laser light along from one end to the other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2487.05,2490.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact one of the more successful implementations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2490.99,2493.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recently there's been a computer to computer data link","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2493.39,2497.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using optical fiber with this going over 20 miles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2497.37,2499.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without a single repeater.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2499.59,2501.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just a laser light laser source at one end modulated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2501.28,2504.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a receiver diode of some sort decoding the signal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2504.43,2508.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the other end.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2508.31,2509.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can go even further distances than that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2510.35,2511.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you're willing to decode","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2511.98,2513.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and use that data to modulate another laser","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2513.77,2518.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and start the process all over again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2518.43,2519.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a repeater are like fashion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2519.84,2522.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are lots of advantages of optical fiber","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2522.06,2523.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't really wanna get into that too much,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2523.69,2525.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but obviously optical... since you are modulating a light,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2525.08,2530.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is incredibly high frequencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2530.26,2532.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"electromagnetic oscillations have very high frequencies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2532.47,2534.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the bandwidth is very large.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2534.8,2537.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's really the place where you will find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2538.41,2540.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"computer to computer communications,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2540.6,2542.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"focusing for a short distance distribution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2542.97,2546.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since the band, the amount of data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2546.41,2548.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that of mainframe computer can sent to another","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2548.26,2550.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mainframe computer can be a extremely large","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2550.03,2553.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a very short period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2553.83,2555.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You need those kinds of bandwidths","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2555.95,2557.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for those kinds of local networks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2557.21,2559.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the optical fiber is very 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links.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2563.55,2565.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's also very good because it's totally unaffected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2565.34,2567.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by any kind of electromagnetic radiation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2568.742,2571.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that might interfere with ordinary coax signals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2572.44,2576.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It also doesn't radiate heat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2576.29,2577.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the coaxial does not radiate very much either.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2577.88,2579.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coax cables don't radiate very much either.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2579.98,2582.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So lots of advantages to optical fiber,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2583.33,2585.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the principal one being that you can run a very simple cable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2585.16,2589.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is equivalent to much, much more coax cable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2589.86,2594.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just due to the bandwidth requirements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2594.36,2595.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And within large cities like New York,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2595.81,2597.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Telephone Company, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2597.31,2599.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been rewiring much of the city","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2599.08,2601.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the telephone network using optical fibers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2601.56,2606.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and eliminating thousands and thousands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2606.03,2607.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/956","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of coax cables in the process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2607.77,2609.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/957","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But so indirectly as one of the supporting technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2610.62,2614.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of long distance communication,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2615.302,2616.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such systems as these local area networks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2616.46,2618.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based on cable or optical fiber","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2618.35,2620.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will impact international communications.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2620.43,2622.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because if you can get the data over your main links","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2622.05,2625.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off your major microwave, or satellite links,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2625.137,2627.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you still got to distribute it to the users that need it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2627.77,2630.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And your local networks come into play for that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2630.25,2633.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for satisfying that requirement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2633.47,2635.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/967","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well that's as much as I'm gonna say about satellite.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2637.05,2640.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another major technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2640.01,2642.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it is impacting world communications.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2642.34,2644.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'll have to explain this a little bit, is computers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2645.654,2649.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Computers are everywhere and they're in the home,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2651.29,2654.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're in the office, they are in the school,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2654.22,2656.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are even in the churches","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2656.86,2658.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and lately they're even carried along with us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2658.3,2659.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we travel on planes and everywhere else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2659.96,2662.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/976","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this means small portable units","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2662.38,2664.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/977","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been developed lately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2664.273,2666.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/978","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now why do I mention computers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2667.71,2668.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/979","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the context of international communications?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2668.81,2671.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/980","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are already many successful computer companies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2671.94,2674.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/981","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have marketed essentially the same product,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2674.75,2676.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/982","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both hardware and software internationally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2676.9,2679.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/983","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If ever there was an opportunity or a situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2680.5,2684.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/984","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that indirectly communicates a level of knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2684.74,2687.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/985","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and expectation of performance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2687.53,2689.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And even if you will, a genuine new relationship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2689.33,2691.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between people and technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2691.5,2693.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/988","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is the mass penetration of microcomputers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2693.44,2695.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/989","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into our daily lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2695.92,2697.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/990","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The microcomputer is not bounded by language or borders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2697.94,2701.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/991","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"geographical borders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2701.3,2702.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/992","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It brings learning programs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2702.82,2704.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/993","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all manner of games and entertainment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2704.72,2707.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/994","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the ability to mold it through programming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2707.17,2710.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/995","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to our own needs or desires.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2710.19,2711.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/996","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's key points, I think, with respect to serving","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2712.96,2715.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/997","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a means of communication,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2715.73,2717.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/998","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in some way affecting the value of communications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2718.148,2720.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/999","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between us and other countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2720.43,2722.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/1000","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or within our own country, are as follows.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2722.23,2725.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/1001","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some key ideas, one is the concept of distributed software.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2726.66,2729.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/1002","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And by that, I mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2730.8,2732.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/1003","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buying a software package to run on your microcomputer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2732.85,2735.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/1004","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it's a game or an application software package,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2735.81,2738.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/1005","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=2738.7,2739.533"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22756/annotation/1006","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/756/original/AV203344_Technical_Aspects_of_International_Communication_a.vtt?1613498575","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/756/original/AV203344_Technical_Aspects_of_International_Communication_a.vtt?1613498575"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22757","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203344_Technical_Aspects_of_International_Communication_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745/transcript/22757/annotation/1007","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Good afternoon and welcome again to the Institute of World Affairs lecture session. Before I introduce to you our this afternoon speaker, I'd like to remind that we will have another lecture this evening at eight o'clock. The evening speaker is Adi Bashtin who will talk on \"Uses of Technology, The New Battleground in World Trade.\" And lecture will be in the Sun room in . As for the afternoon speaker we have Don Patel. Don Patel is vice president of research and development for Quality Microsystems and was formerly a physics professor at Iowa State. Patel will discuss the \"Technical Aspects of International Communications.\" Without any further delay I will give the microphone to Patel.\r\n\r\n- Well I appreciate the invitation to come back to Iowa state and see some friends and see the wonderful winter weather starting, and participate in this Institute of World Affairs on a lovely topic of \"Technology and International Communications.\" Actually my own work is very much into high technology. And as you may know, from some of you, who know me from years past here at Iowa state, my wife and I have written a book on radio and this sorts that. That book and just the general interest in studying of technology has made me continue to be interested in keeping up with what's happening in this world of technology. And that ever-changing world of improvements and enhancements to existing technology, as well as some very new kinds of technology that are starting to emerge into the area of communications. So what I want to try to do today is just to kind of generally sweep through all the different kinds of technology that have one or another effect or application in the area of international communications. And then explore for the latter part of my talk, some of the newer technologies that are starting to show up in the area of communications. One of the first questions we should probably answer is why do we need to study the technology of international communications, or more generally why study the technology of communications at all. Over the past few decades the means by which we communicate information has changed at a very fast pace. Looking back at those changes we can see that most of them have had some strong association with a new technological breakthrough, or at least a new application of technology. It is fine and hope that by looking at the new technologies of today, that we can see where we were going to be in the coming decades. If we can understand the capabilities of these developing technologies, we can hopefully anticipate the economic, social, and cultural implications that they have ours and future generations. Without a doubt, modern communication technology is providing a growing level of information exchange, which is not being dealt with as rapidly in terms of public policy, both national and international. The technology has the promise to break down all aspects of geographical borders and internal restrictive policies. With many attained positive and negative aspects on the societies of the world. With this overview in mind and counting on many of the other speakers in this institute to deal with the many effects of technology on international communications, I will proceed with the discussion of the \"Technical Aspects of International Communication.\" And what I'd like to do first, as I said is give an overview of many of the things that we are used to, but just to make sure that nothing's left out, I'd like to go over even the obvious ones and discuss how technology appears in those various, means of communication and how some of the failings of those means of communication have led to the development of more efficient and more effective means. The earliest significant forms of long distance communication included such a haphazard and unreliable methods as couriers, even courier pigeons, smoke signals, things like that. The need to communicate at least major news regularly and accurately led to the formalization of a courier service, which we know today in it's best form to be our mail system. Every developed and developing country today has some sort of mail service. The major disadvantage to any such system which moves written messages from one point to another, is that it is not very immediate. And the time required is usually directly proportional to the distance involved. Early mail systems involving distribution by people, horses, trains, boats, et cetera, were extremely slow compared to the mail service of today. But even today's mail system geared through air and truck transport still require several days in most cases to deliver the message. For many forms of domestic and international communication this is simply not fast enough. So the desire to communicate with more immediacy led to the development of other forms of communication. One of the earliest ones was to telegraph. This was principally successful across land, and therefore it did not provide for a general method of rapid international communication. Although it did accelerate the pace of communications in cases where the various countries were joining each other across land, land borders. But telegraphy, as we know it existed in the past was very limited and did not permit what we call normal communications. It involves a difficult and tedious intermediate language, some sort of code. And it is therefore... it has therefore historically been used only for brief and often cryptic messages. An outgrowth of the concept of the telegraph, which is in current use today is the telex, telex system. Which many of you may be familiar with. They're used quite heavily in communications between businesses and between government agencies within the country and between us and many other countries. And particularly in Western Europe. One of the most complete worldwide networks for international communication is provided by this telex system. Major communication companies such as Western Union, who after all has the historical tie to the telegraph system and RCA, and several others, are very cooperative in setting up this worldwide network. To provide this service for typewritten messages to go out all over the world in a electronic mail style. There is also some competition in this field. There are several competing networks and competing arrangements for providing the service and therefore the cost is quite acceptable. There are both direct telex services which can provide interactive dialogue at the typing terminal, so that you can elicit a response to a request right then and there while you have the telex line open. Or the more common use of the telex is in the so-called hold and forward service. Where you provide us a type of message into the system and it's held by the central computer network, that runs the telex system until the receiving station is able to receive it or until a time, or until the phone lines or whatever network is used, are less busy and therefore can provide the signal, the communication at a lower cost. The one reason for holding the messages and forwarding, it is very timely to the discussion enhancements. Since when you're involved in international communications, you have to worry about the fact that you're dealing with countries that may be eight or 10 or 12 hours apart in time, with respect to the time zone differences. And therefore, while you may be wanting to send a message now, and maybe nobody in the office where you want it to go. And so there has to be some provision for holding the message and sending it at the beginning of the next business day, or the next opportunity for it being received. And the holding forward aspect of the telex system is very appropriate to that. Telex has been around for years and is the modern equivalent of the telegraph, as I said before. It will most likely be absorbed into a more complex electronic mail system, which will support not only this typewritten type message system, but will also support full text and graphics transmissions using some form of facsimile or other means of generating digital data to send over one of these networks. The ability to communicate with immediacy in one's own spoken language, was brought about by the advent of the telephone. Initially the telephone was only available for use over short distances. But as the grid of overland and underseas cables was developed, it grew to a major communication means and has continued to improve technically through the decades of its existence. Telephone communication has and will continue to have a very significant role both within and between the nations of the world. Because it comes right into our homes and offices. And because it is so widely accepted, it will survive in some form probably for as long as there are people to use it. It will, however, as it has in the past and is doing now, have to adapt to the changes brought about by technological... new technologies that are affecting all sorts of communication systems. An example of the way the telephone system will change in the near future. For those of you who've used mobile telephone systems, you're quite familiar with the fact that they usually involve a very large and bulky transmitter-receiver system somewhere in your car or your truck. And also the general concept of being able to take a phone anywhere you have to have it, is something that has not been known until recent times with respect to these little portable telephones, you can now buy for home use. But a more general concept, which is about to be started up with the FCC has dealt with, and which other agencies in the Western European countries have also been looking at, is the concept of cellular telephone. And in this system, what happens is you will be able to hold in your hand a small, complete receiver transmitter system that will access the regular telephone network. It will be a secured system using some form of secured access for you. So that is not generally available to other people to listen in on. And it will also allow you to originate calls as well as receive calls. And the way it basically works is that the larger metropolitan areas and the fringe areas around them are divided up into what are called cells. And each cell has its own repeater station receiver transmitter that handles all of the users of that network in that cell. As you cross the borders of one cell into the other, the station you're logged in on is tracking you tracking your signal strength and is aware of the fact that you're getting out of its range, and it will negotiate with the neighboring cell electronics to arrange for a switch over to that cell. And this will all happen in microseconds or milliseconds at the worst. And it will happen in such a way that you will not even be aware that this has happened. This system will bring a whole new level of usability to the phone system. And you'll be able to carry them along in your pocket, or at least in your car and the cost of these systems, the way with the advent of a VLSI, very large scale integrated electronic circuits to support this operation. The cost of it it's going to be very, very tolerable. So this is an example of the way new technology is going to enhance or improve the telephone system, the technology which we're all very aware of and very accepting of it. The next major technological development to have longterm effects on communication was the invention of radio. Just as the countries of the world were wiring up for telegraph and telephone along came, this wireless means of communication. And you begin to see that these things are all rather related. The way cellular telephones are gonna work is to use radio. Okay, so just wanted to point that out since I just got off the talking about that. While it took several decades for radio to make deep inroads into our lives, and now exists in many forms and is used for many purposes. There are international organizations for defining portions of the radio spectrum for various types of broadcasting, broadcast programming. And for specialized two-way communication, of either voice or data, or both . The nations of the world have joined together in this effort to prevent inefficient and chaotic use of the radio spectrum. It sounds like that they've really done a good job. There's some places where it hasn't been handled so well, but for the most part that organization and the effort to standardize on frequency allocation has been very successful. The most significant of these organizations is the ITU or the International Telecommunications Union of United Nations. This is a one vote per country agency, which includes all member nations of the UN. Therefore it does have the clout of the international community behind its decisions and it's with the negotiations and discussions that go on in their meetings are generally well-respected. Radio is not a static technology it is at the very core of the new satellite based techniques and the cellular telephone techniques I just mentioned. And I will be discussing the satellite techniques and technology in more detailed brief in just a couple of minutes. But to get a real view of the overall significance of radio, I thought I would just briefly point out the way in which radio was used by pointing out the functional assignments to various frequency... various divisions of the radio spectrum. We say radio spectrum we really mean the electromagnetic spectrum used for broadcasting of any sort. In the medium frequency range, which is where we find things like broadcast AM radio. There's also uses for Marine and navigation radio. Some of the LORAN frequencies for long range navigation are assigned to that section of the spectrum. In the high frequency spectrum we find a rather diverse set of applications, such as amateur radio, aircraft and Marine usage, shortwave broadcasting where we find the familiar stations of Voice of America, Radio Moscow, BBC, and a whole host of other lesser known national radio systems that broadcast on the high frequencies to get their message out beyond their borders. And also the infamous Citizens Band Radios in this region. The VHF and UHF portions of this spectrum are allocated to such a functions as mobile radio for police taxi, military and telephones, FM broadcasting and television channels obviously. The super high frequency region is where we find principally the microwave applications, including radar, satellite communications, and various line of sight communication links used for telephone TV, computer networks, et cetera. And in the extremely high frequency region of the radio spectrum, the various international organizations have agreed to allocations there to include radio astronomy applications. And a rather unusual one called SETI, S-E-T-I, which is a Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence, where various broadcasts are being made out into space in the hopes of, some future time for those signals to be received by another intelligent, another race of intelligent being somewhere. Well all of these various types of communication I've mentioned so far involve essentially written or spoken words only. Although clearly the mail system can for carry photographs and various pictorial information as well. The next level of technology and communications involves visual communication. The most obvious example of this to us all is television. Virtually every nation in the world is tied together by at least they loosely linked distribution network for television. This network involves direct communication, as in the case of the news function, it's hardly ever an event anywhere in the world that we don't get direct information by way of television, from virtually from the international news agencies designed to track those events. And involves indirect communication of visual information as in the case of such examples are syndicated programs which are frequently distributed by videotape to other countries. And it's rather interesting to go into the various countries of the world, and find many of the old things that we thought were long gone off of television is still running there with Dublin and French and Spanish and other languages, I mean. Kojak speaking French it's not, it's kinda hard to believe. Television has gone through several technological advances to get where it is today. And these include, and I'll just make a mention of several more obvious ones, but there are other ones as well. Principally such things as the largest CRT faces or bigger screens, as we say, which adds realism and usability to the medium. Projection TV which is just another dimension to that same effect by making the screen a half as big as your wall, you don't feel like you've got to the theater anymore to see movies and do things, see things on TV that you can believe. Color of course I think has added the greatest dimension of change to television. There's also other changes coming about which you're just beginning to see the effects of on a regular basis such as the ability to have a captioned sub carrier that normal TVs did not use. But if you have the right kind of decoding equipment, you can pull that caption out and have it show up on the bottom of the screen to assist the hearing impaired in use of television. And then there's a whole host of other improvements to the video and audio circuits of television, which we don't think of very much, except that they've continued to add to the quality of the signal and the usability of the television medium. But aside from all those things, probably the most single most significant technological change to television is the widespread distribution and acceptance of coax cable. As the means to bring both broadcast signals and a large number of non-broadcast signals into the home. In addition to linearly expanding broadcasting's offerings, cable offers some services the broadcast would not be interested in providing or would not be allowed to provide, for example, continuous weather news and stock channels and various other information only channels, X-rated movie channels, and Disney signal channels, just to give a short list of some examples. The large bandwidth of coax cable, that is the ability to carry very many signals simultaneously allows for some other possibilities and bi-directional communications, which I'll discuss in a few moments. It should be pointed out that even though the cable acceptance is mostly a US phenomenon, the exportation of US television programming in the past has been so successful, that there will no doubt the service centers providing similar capabilities to other nations where policy permits. An interesting point to make about television is that there are several technical standards for defining television signals. In Europe there are three different, there are three or at least three different scan resolutions in composite video formats. And the Japanese standard is even different from those. Even as the technological pressures are there to standardize on one specification for all the world for television, the likelihood is very small principally for economic reasons. And you have all of these television receivers scattered around in homes of people and all the countries of the world, where they have television, which is a lot of them. And everyone is logged onto a particular standard for that company for that country. And it's not likely you're gonna have that situation changed very easily overnight since it's a matter of cost to millions of individuals to make that change. The reason for... The value of adopting, the reason for mentioning this, I like to point out, that the value of adopting appropriate standards, technical standards early in the development of a technology is clearly very important. If you miss that chance, if you miss the window to standardize the technology, hopefully without standardizing on methods that are restrictive to the technology, then it's hard to go back and do it later. Another communication technology involving visual data is facsimile. Over the years some worldwide standards for transmission and reception of facsimile data have evolved. This technology allows a document to be scanned and transmitted to a remote site where it is converted back to hard copy by the facsimile receiver. This form of data transmission has been very heavily used, both domestically and internationally by businesses and government agencies, and for the passing of printed data back and forth quickly and effectively. Facsimile forms the foundation of electronic mail systems, which are gradually replacing the standard mail systems due to both cost and speed. As mentioned earlier facsimile, I'll just mention, facsimile is the complete document transmission system, allowing both text and graphics to be sent more or less in its original form. The way it works is you lay a sheet of virtually anything, including material that may include photographs, on the scanner. The scanner will literally scan across the document in very, and producing a digital pattern of what it sees along each line and then increment very finally down to the next line, continuing to do that until there's represented everything that's on the page in terms of whether a series of dots that are offer on. And we'll then send that visual data over the communication line to a receiver that knows how to turn that back into a image of that original document on a piece of paper. So it means that we can transmit effectively and quickly drawings, photographs, our handwritten text anything of that sort. Facsimile standards exist and they define a lot of the factors needed to make this a successful communication technique. They define how to scan the document to convert it to digital data. They define how to encode the digital data for transmission to the receiving site, where a similar equipment must exist. And they just define how to decode the data for reproducing the document at the receiving end. Now these standards, this is an example of what I was talking about on the standards. The standards define the base level techniques for doing this. They don't tell you exactly how to build the equipment or what level of quality in the reproduction will be acceptable or anything like that. They just define the methods and then it's up to the market to dictate how far to go with the advancement of the technology in ways that are consistent with those specifications. Now, those specifications as over the years, just like any of them as the technology changes, there have been restrictions. And in certain aspects of those specifications, that mean that you can not fully utilize the new developments in scanning and reprinting, that have come about in recent years. So the CCITT, which is the international agency that sets these standards has continually developed new standards which have been in most cases, super set to the previous standards, that is, they will accept and support the older style methods of transmission and reception and encoding. But they come along and project to the next level that's consistent with the developing technology. And that's an example of how standards in defining the transmission of data of any form, whether it's just ordinary written data or photographs or our computer data or whatever. Those standards have to be able to change, but they need to be there all along to guide the manufacturers in the development of products that will be useful on the widest possible scale. Due to the existence of the facsimile standards it is quite possible now to send a document to equipment from any one of several manufacturers in a worldwide network, most of the time the ordinary telephone lines are used for this in the off hours principally but in the other times if you're willing to pay a little more. And you can send your document with confidence that the receiving party will have a copy of the document quickly and accurately. As I just pointed out as with any practical system, there's still some room to improve the technology to provide more fidelity in the scanning and reprinting process. And these changes are occurring now and will continue to occur as the demand for higher quality electronic mail systems increases. But at this time there does exist a very viable basis for electronic mail systems in the combination of both telex for ordinary simple typed messages to be sent quickly and for and using facsimile for the more complex materials. Using those two together one can now support a rather effective electronic mail system. And there are many improvements coming about currently and will continue to come about to make that more acceptable. Well that's kind of an overview of where things of the kinds of technology that we're used to seeing in the real world. And in some cases I mentioned of where it's headed, what I'd like to do now is to concentrate on a couple more aspects of newer technologies and what they're either doing to us now or about to do to us. And the first of those I'd like to talk about is satellites. Everybody knows that the earth is slowly but surely being ringed with a series of satellites put up by various government consortium's, governments of individual nations, business consortium's and scientific and military agencies. With the advent, for example, of the US Space Shuttle, it is considerably easier to launch and correctly insert into appropriate orbit, several satellites on one mission. Almost all of the important communications satellites are inserted into what is called the geosynchronous or geostationary orbit. This condition is achieved by putting the satellite in an equatorial orbit that is centered going around about the equator of the earth at about 22,300 miles above the earth. In that orbit the satellite will remain stationary, appear to remain stationary above the earth at the point where it's inserted in the orbit. In actuality it's making one revolution above the earth for every time, the earth rotates on its axis. And so it appears to remain stationary to those of us who are rotating with the earth, which I think is everybody in this room. Since this condition is not restricted, there are significant worries about filling up the space for such satellites. The physical space is quite large. I mean, if you imagine 22,300 miles out and going all the way around the world, that's a rather large linear space to insert satellites and so the physical space is quite large, but the ability of the ground stations to distinguish orbiting stations on nearby frequencies, which are also physically close, is in fact limited. Since most of these satellites operate in a small portion of the microwave frequencies, it is likely that channel proximity or microwave frequency proximity will be more significant than physical proximity. Well, why all the interests in the satellites anyway? There are numerous reasons relating mostly to the cost of providing communication services of all sorts. There are many scientific and military interests as well, but these are not particularly relevant to this presentation. The key advantages of satellites over earth links are as follows first, there are far fewer stations necessary to provide the services needed. For example, a microwave link on the, which is a ground-based distribution system would involve a repeater station approximately every 50 miles. A second advantage of satellites is that there are no land acquisition or earth sighting problems. You don't have to worry about where there's a mountain in the way or things like that. A third advantage is that they are obviously is less savvy to our weather conditions lightening and power outages and the like. Once you've inserted the satellites into orbit and fired them up with solar power, they tend to go without much difficulty for their design lifetime, which is in most cases several years. And you don't have problems of power outages and things like that. In general there's always room for failure, but these satellites are used designed to the highest existing standards possible for this type of technology. There's still some need to worry about things like lightening and power outages, because you do have the earth based stations that are necessary for the satellites to work. But you minimize that problem by having only two earth based stations to make a satellite distribution system functional. The fourth advantage of satellites is that the downlink signals and its signals broadcast back down by the satellite have sufficient area coverage for use over a large portion of the earth. Now, by that I mean, if you've got a microwave signal, generally in order for it to be very useful, it's fairly well focused. And it goes right over to your 50 or 70 mile away microwave station that's the next one in the link. If you have a satellite even if it's beaming the signal down with a fairly tight collimation to the radio waves, by the time it goes the distance to come into the earth, it covers hundreds of miles and so it can, or more, depending on how it's designed. So it can actually be used to radiate signals back down to cover a much larger portion of the earth and therefore be usable over a larger geographical area of the earth. This point in fact leads to a discussion of a currently developing idea, but which is about to be a realized idea for direct broadcasting satellites. So for some time now the industry has been talking about direct broadcast satellites and making plans in the US particularly to launch satellites, which rather than relaying the information to a central receiving station for ground-based distribution as is what's mostly done now. In the case of the direct broadcast satellites, the user of the signal which could be a person in his home or out of business, would receive the signal directly at the point of use, eliminating the costly and complex earth wire or wireless distribution system. In order for this system of direct broadcast satellites to work well, several points must be worked out. First the relayed signal must be transmitted down to the earth from the satellite with sufficient power, to allow a useful signal to be received by a small inexpensive earth station. You've all seen the earth stations that exist now, they're those gigantic 13 foot parabolic dishes on the roofs of buildings, and in some cases on people's backyards pointing up at the satellites. Those kinds of stations are not going to be cloned by the millions. They are simply too expensive, they're too ugly. And then they're just not gonna be accepted like the REC broadcast satellites are gonna require if they're gonna be successful. So in point of fact, what you need... what is needed is a satellite relay station, that when it broadcasts back down to the earth, sends down a signal strong enough that it can be picked up by a much simpler antenna and a much lower cost receiving system. And these have been developed. They will continue to improve of course, they're not quite ready to pop on your belt like the little FM receivers you can buy in the store now. But they they're not, they won't be too far from it so well you should know. A second. Also there must be sufficient coverage with respect to the numbers and kinds of services provided, or else the cost of implementing the system is not going to be tolerable. A third important factor in direct broadcast satellites is that there must be an agreement by the affected nations on the use of these satellites. Particularly with regard to the earth stations. Now recall the concept of direct broadcast satellite is that there'll be stations everywhere people want to use the signals. Which means in everybody's house, if it works out that way. And if you... if a direct broadcast satellite is sending a information of any sort down where it crosses geographical borders and multiple governments are involved. This becomes an issue of policy of how do the affected nations deal with this information flowing over their borders when they may not want it. A fourth area is that there must be standards for data format and encryption techniques for security on all the signals that direct broadcast satellites work with. Again the reasons for this are numerous so businesses are not gonna use direct broadcast satellites to send down information to their worldwide offices, unless they can protect what's the content of those signals. The networks should not gonna provide first run movies, unless they can make sure that everybody isn't listening in free of charge, et cetera. And the fifth important aspect of working that must be dealt with for the direct broadcast satellite system to work is obvious there must be enough money from various sources showing interest in it to make it possible. In reality virtually all of these points have either been solved or they are being worked on. And it appears now only a matter of time before this process is in full swing. Already there has been a tremendous interest in privately owned satellites or stations, as I mentioned earlier, you know as you drive around any city you'll see some hotels that put up their own stations. Some people even put them in their own own backyards, but again they're using today's technology, which is the weaker signals and requires the larger receiving antennas and more sophisticated receivers. Given that level of interest however, it is clear that with direct broadcast satellites, there will be much more interest in it, and it will be a much less expensive proposition for all of us to participate in it. But given the fact that there has to be some level of pirating of those signals, even with today's technology, it will certainly be a much higher level of encryption and protective schemes for keeping that data from being pirated in the future. The schedule for direct broadcast satellites varies from country to country. Both France and Germany are currently actively pursuing independent systems, Great Britain and several other countries are pursuing a composite system. And of course the US is very active in area. With the launch of a few new satellites provide the required power and correct frequencies. The direct broadcast satellite system will become operational between now and 1990. I think the earliest one that I know to be launched is 1987. Although there are some earlier experiments that will form the basis for that working out, right. It will be entirely possible to by 1990, I suspect to walk around the streets of aims with one of these little radios clipped on your belt, radio light packages clipped on your belt and in fact is receiving a direct broadcast satellite signal. And you can wear your Casio LCD watch it has a TV screen on it that's hooked into that, and you can watch TV while you're walking on the street, brought to you by direct broadcast satellites. Unfortunately you may have to be wearing a helmet with a little parabolic antenna on it that depends on the whether the power can be gotten high enough on the systems or not. Satellite links in general whether in the direct broadcast system are using the standard earth receiving and transmitting stations for wider distribution once received, will continue to grow in importance to all forms of two-way communication as well. So far are the direct broadcast satellite concept that I was just mentioning is principally a, you beam it up from a central station and then it gets beam down all over the place to all these receivers I wasn't mentioning. But another means of using the satellites is of course in two-way communication. The telephone system already uses them for many of the intercontinental and transcontinental links. And most of the computer data networks that are using satellites are contemplating their use for data communications. Most of these applications currently involve the use of a central satellite earth stations with earth distribution systems to the end users. This too may see some change due to the direct broadcast satellite concept. However, it will probably be much longer in development since every receiving side in that case must also be a transmitting side. If you're gonna have true bi-directional capability. And this may require a variation on the cellular telephone idea with instead of using a one concept that may work out is instead of using the geosynchronous satellites as the basis for a bi-directional much more distributed satellite communication system, is that we may use a variation on the say like telephone concept and use a series of low orbit, obviously not synchronous low orbit satellites with automatic switching to the most usable satellite at any point in time. In any case such speculations aside, the current satellite based data and voice systems with earth based distribution will continue to grow in importance, as well as the direct broadcast systems. Now since I mentioned the earth based distribution system several times I thought should take a minute and talk about the technologies there. The earth distribution systems fall into several categories, basically they're wired types and wireless types. And in the wired types there's one non-wire type, which is optical fibers. But so basically there are three classes there are wire based distribution systems which use coaxial cable principle. And then there's another almost wired type which is the optical fibers. Which use a small glass or plastic fibers for carrying light signals that have been modulated with the appropriate information. And then the third type is obviously the wireless distribution system which uses microwave links. As I've already mentioned, all three of these methods support what are called broadband systems. That has the ability to carry several in fact, large numbers of sub channels simultaneously. They can carry voice and data and video signals on the same transmission signal. While the wire and the optical fiber techniques are mostly used for local distribution. It is true that some long distance cables such as the transatlantic telephone cables have been in use for decades. These uses, however, have slowly given weight to wireless methods, even on these transmission links due to the two satellite communications. In general some form of wireless communication, whether it be a satellites or earth microwave stations are used to get the primary signals to a site where multiple users exist. And then some form of wire or optic fiber methods or much smaller microwave link systems are used for the local distribution. Once you get the signal say into a major metropolitan area by one of these major methods, either the microwave links or satellite links, then you begin the concept of local distribution by way of wires or optic fibers. And this leads to a a brief discussion of local area networks. There's a lot of work going on in local area networks and schemes for distributing data and other forms of information over a small geographical area. Say not to exceed 20 or 30 miles. Basically these local area networks can be from building to building or within buildings. But usually as I say kept within a few tens of miles maximum distance. In this context optical fibers are proving to be very useful for reliable variable broadband communications. After all optical fibers use infrared laser light, typically to carry the information along the fiber. The fiber is a very efficient transmitter. The fiber is a very efficient medium for sending the laser light along from one end to the other. And in fact one of the more successful implementations recently there's been a computer to computer data link using optical fiber with this going over 20 miles without a single repeater. Just a laser light laser source at one end modulated and a receiver diode of some sort decoding the signal at the other end. You can go even further distances than that if you're willing to decode and use that data to modulate another laser and start the process all over again and a repeater are like fashion. There are lots of advantages of optical fiber I don't really wanna get into that too much, but obviously optical... since you are modulating a light, which is incredibly high frequencies electromagnetic oscillations have very high frequencies. the bandwidth is very large. It's really the place where you will find computer to computer communications, focusing for a short distance distribution. Since the band, the amount of data that of mainframe computer can sent to another mainframe computer can be a extremely large in a very short period of time. You need those kinds of bandwidths for those kinds of local networks. So the optical fiber is very good because of the bandwidth requirement so some of these kinds of links. It's also very good because it's totally unaffected by any kind of electromagnetic radiation that might interfere with ordinary coax signals. It also doesn't radiate heat and the coaxial does not radiate very much either. Coax cables don't radiate very much either. So lots of advantages to optical fiber, the principal one being that you can run a very simple cable that is equivalent to much, much more coax cable, just due to the bandwidth requirements. And within large cities like New York, the Telephone Company, for example, has been rewiring much of the city for the telephone network using optical fibers and eliminating thousands and thousands of coax cables in the process. But so indirectly as one of the supporting technologies of long distance communication, such systems as these local area networks based on cable or optical fiber will impact international communications. Because if you can get the data over your main links off your major microwave, or satellite links, you still got to distribute it to the users that need it. And your local networks come into play for that for satisfying that requirement. Well that's as much as I'm gonna say about satellite. Another major technology that it is impacting world communications. And I'll have to explain this a little bit, is computers. Computers are everywhere and they're in the home, they're in the office, they are in the school, they are even in the churches and lately they're even carried along with us when we travel on planes and everywhere else. And this means small portable units have been developed lately. Now why do I mention computers in the context of international communications? There are already many successful computer companies who have marketed essentially the same product, both hardware and software internationally. If ever there was an opportunity or a situation that indirectly communicates a level of knowledge and expectation of performance. And even if you will, a genuine new relationship between people and technology, it is the mass penetration of microcomputers into our daily lives. The microcomputer is not bounded by language or borders, geographical borders. It brings learning programs, all manner of games and entertainment, and the ability to mold it through programming to our own needs or desires. It's key points, I think, with respect to serving as a means of communication, or in some way affecting the value of communications between us and other countries or within our own country, are as follows. Some key ideas, one is the concept of distributed software. And by that, I mean, buying a software package to run on your microcomputer, whether it's a game or an application software package, the program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105745#t=0.0,2744.60735"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Trainer:\u003c/strong\u003e And by that I mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=5.13,7.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buying a software package to run on your microcomputer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=7.17,10.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it's a game or an application software package,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=10.12,13.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the program will necessarily, in some sense bring with it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=13.02,16.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a sense of importance of ideas that have its authors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=16.9,19.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and his or her culture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=20.61,22.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And some examples of that are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=22.71,24.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these may sound silly but I think the impact is obvious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=25.49,28.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when considered multiplied by millions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=28.88,31.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Suppose you have a program that teaches you how to draw","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=33.64,36.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the screen of your CRT?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=36.7,39.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it's gonna teach us some concepts of art.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=39.18,42.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And those gonna be very important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=42.6,44.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a sense of communicating something,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=44.11,46.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe equal to or better than","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=46.63,48.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the world as a whole may know or maybe less than,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=48.05,51.298"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those are questions which only time will tell.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=51.298,54.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Distributing this game program to about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=55.92,59.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blowing up your enemies, is obviously","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=60.65,62.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has a significant cultural impact on people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=62.91,65.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have never seen such things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=65.06,66.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or never necessarily played with such ideas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=66.41,69.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or thought about such things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=69.17,70.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another more significant example is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=72.41,75.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there now exists programs that can do proofreading.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=75.36,78.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you create a written 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computer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=255.36,256.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or some system that resembles a home computer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=256.84,259.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If ever there were lots of opportunities for 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communications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=272.46,274.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is in programs for doing language translation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=274.5,278.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these are still crude and they're still developing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=278.2,280.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they are there, there're already notable examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=280.37,283.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where artificial intelligence 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schemes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=289.97,294.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this can obviously bring to the person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=294.93,299.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who owns one of these systems or has access","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=299.25,301.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to one of these systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=301.28,302.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ability to have information communicated to him or her","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=302.113,306.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was not available before because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=306.4,308.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it wasn't in a language they understood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=308.03,310.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And coupling language translation with voice recognition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=310.84,313.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and synthesis systems, there's a whole new dimension there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=313.26,316.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which the next decade or two will probably respond to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=316.5,320.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, in conclusion lemme just say that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=323.38,325.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this rapidly changing technological environment represents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=325.48,330.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I've tried to portray here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=331.14,333.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mostly with respect to past or existing technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=333.05,336.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a little bit with respect to things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=336.42,337.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are evolving very quickly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=337.68,340.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think in that environment the key 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technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=359.7,362.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We need to do that, so that we don't get ourselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=362.48,364.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a situation where 10 years later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=364.35,365.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have a hodgepodge of things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=365.87,368.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that could be much more efficient","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=368.44,369.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and more effective for all of us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=369.89,372.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second thing we need to deal with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=372.39,374.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is really often my subject","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=374.24,377.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it will be dealt with by many others","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=377.24,378.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because its policies on the use and application","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=378.75,380.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these new and changing technologies must be 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thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=388.86,392.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and always imposing the requirement on the society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=392.67,395.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that decisions be made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=395.75,397.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how to implement and use that technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=397.22,400.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, technologies like direct broadcast 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sure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=415.43,419.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they're being implemented","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=419.81,421.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and used in a way that's best for all humankind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=421.85,424.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The most exciting technologies I think to watch","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=425.91,428.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this area, are first integrated electronic mail systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=429.15,432.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the days of the mail truck are numbered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=432.6,436.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially in the business world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=437.68,439.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the personal world, maybe not as much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=439.67,441.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in the business world certainly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=441.31,443.094"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the distribution of printed media,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=443.094,446.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"printed materials of any sort,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=446.38,448.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including any kind of text and graphics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=448.39,450.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by way of electronic mail systems is here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=450.13,452.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's available today and it will improve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=452.92,455.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and be accepted more and more as the means for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=455.15,457.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all forms of communication between businesses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=457.64,460.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would say, just to give a simple dimension of that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=460.73,465.402"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of the orders that we receive at our own company,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=465.402,469.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are accepted and placed into the production queue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=469.01,471.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the basis of a telex or something like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=471.31,474.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We never get letters or official orders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=474.65,477.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some of those cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=477.22,478.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So a lot of the business work functions, very dependently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=478.88,482.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on these developing electronic mail systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=482.49,485.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another technology that I think is very exciting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=486.25,488.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I spend a lot of time on it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=488.81,490.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but just to remind you, is direct broadcast satellite","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=490.76,492.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's gonna have a major impact on our ability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=492.87,496.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to move information about in the near future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=496.84,500.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then finally the microcomputer revolution itself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=500.57,503.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While it doesn't sound like it fits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=503.35,504.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into this topic quite so well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=504.99,506.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think I indicated several ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=506.17,507.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which it's very important to the distribution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=507.9,510.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of knowledge, both nationally and internationally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=510.25,512.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I thank you for your attention and I'd be glad","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=514.18,516.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to answer any questions you may have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=516.11,517.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I can answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=517.8,518.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=518.843,521.676"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Trainee:\u003c/strong\u003e MCI has come up with new servers MCI mail,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=530.306,533.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the personal computer with a modem into their system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=533.84,537.087"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are there other MCI systems?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=538.108,539.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Trainer:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh yeah, there's a lot of networks in MCI,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=539.47,543.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm also familiar with and I've seen articles on others","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=543.05,546.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I don't recall any of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=546.35,547.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But i think that's part of the power of the microcomputer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=547.43,550.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once you have that capability in your home,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=550.34,552.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in your business sitting on your desk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=552.48,555.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and with the worldwide penetration to phone system has,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=555.01,558.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by virtue of satellites and cables and everything else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=558.75,561.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've got access to it all right there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=562.71,565.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from your microcomputer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=565.36,566.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anybody that's got a database somewhere","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=566.89,568.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you need access to and you have the authority","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=568.61,571.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by someone prearrangement to get to it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=571.64,574.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have the communication capability to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=574.0,576.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's all part of the same picture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=577.82,580.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very exciting possibilities there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=580.37,583.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and lots of things are already real.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=583.29,584.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And lots of things are just now beginning to come about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=584.86,587.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other questions? I got balance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=593.02,595.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, thanks for your attention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=601.91,604.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=604.66,607.493"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22758/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/758/original/AV203344_Technical_Aspects_of_International_Communication_b.vtt?1613498580","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/758/original/AV203344_Technical_Aspects_of_International_Communication_b.vtt?1613498580"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22759","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203344_Technical_Aspects_of_International_Communication_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746/transcript/22759/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Trainer] And by that I mean, buying a software package to run on your microcomputer, whether it's a game or an application software package, the program will necessarily, in some sense bring with it a sense of importance of ideas that have its authors and his or her culture. And some examples of that are, these may sound silly but I think the impact is obvious when considered multiplied by millions. Suppose you have a program that teaches you how to draw on the screen of your CRT? Well, it's gonna teach us some concepts of art. And those gonna be very important in a sense of communicating something, maybe equal to or better than what the world as a whole may know or maybe less than, those are questions which only time will tell. Distributing this game program to about blowing up your enemies, is obviously has a significant cultural impact on people who have never seen such things or never necessarily played with such ideas, or thought about such things. Another more significant example is there now exists programs that can do proofreading. And if you create a written work, create a piece of creative writing, you can now run your program, your written creation through one of these programs. It will do all the obvious things like correct your spelling. But it will also prove for grammatical errors. It will impose someone else's grammatical standards or sense of good writing if you will, on your work. That's a very powerful and very, perhaps negative, but hopefully positive in the sense that if it's done well, it can be a positive influence, but it could be a negative influence on the value of information that was otherwise created some other way. Another important aspect to microcomputers and the worldwide distribution of them, is in mass storage devices. It is now possible by way of video disk or even Winchester disk cartridges or whatever, to provide databases for use on these microcomputers without limitation again, to where the microcomputer is. And so the source, if the US is one of the largest providers of these systems, we are in a sense distributing our information base to the world. We're communicating with the world through these devices. There are popular databases developing for books, you can actually sit down and go through a book if you want to. You can have a speech synthesizer read the book to you, quote and quote read the book. You can have bibliographies for keyword scans, you can have dictionaries for your spelling checker, etc. Lots of common databases are being propagated by microcomputers and these form, hopefully, it will define a new standard, a higher standard and is ever been known to the world for the distributed knowledge base. And if handled properly it can be, a higher new standard than has ever been known before. Entire Encyclopedia Britannica, for example, can be put on video disks for random accessing by a microcomputer which have text and graphics display capability. Another important aspect of microcomputers is what I call interactive computing. By this I mean the ability to take your microcomputer and by using your ordinary telephone system tie into such wide based systems as teletext and others that support such features as banking and shopping from the home, reading various informational presentations, accessing the latest news and even such two way things as voting. There have been experiments in allowing people to express their opinions about a program to just see or answering to a poll by just pushing buttons that get fed back along the network that you're tied into from your home computer, or some system that resembles a home computer. If ever there were lots of opportunities for communication and modifying the way we think about communication, these sort of things will impact it. Another obvious area where microcomputers can affect international communications is in programs for doing language translation. And these are still crude and they're still developing, but they are there, there're already notable examples where artificial intelligence concepts and various language concepts come together to provide fairly effective language translation schemes. And this can obviously bring to the person who owns one of these systems or has access to one of these systems, the ability to have information communicated to him or her that was not available before because it wasn't in a language they understood. And coupling language translation with voice recognition and synthesis systems, there's a whole new dimension there, which the next decade or two will probably respond to. Well, in conclusion lemme just say that, this rapidly changing technological environment represents that I've tried to portray here, mostly with respect to past or existing technologies and a little bit with respect to things that are evolving very quickly. I think in that environment the key things that we need to keep in mind and to do with, as I said, number one, is that standards for voice and data and video communications need to be developed early. And every point we have an opportunity, our nation on a worldwide basis to develop standards, on one of these newer developing technologies. We need to do that, so that we don't get ourselves in a situation where 10 years later, we have a hodgepodge of things that could be much more efficient and more effective for all of us. The second thing we need to deal with, and this is really often my subject but it will be dealt with by many others because its policies on the use and application of these new and changing technologies must be developed. In many cases, we have had many examples over the years of technology, going full blast ahead doing his thing and always imposing the requirement on the society that decisions be made of how to implement and use that technology. And again, technologies like direct broadcast satellites, the mass penetration of microcomputers and the ability to move lots amount of information around with them in ways we've never done before, impose some very heavy burdens on us to make sure that they're being implemented and used in a way that's best for all humankind. The most exciting technologies I think to watch in this area, are first integrated electronic mail systems. I think the days of the mail truck are numbered especially in the business world, in the personal world, maybe not as much. But in the business world certainly, the distribution of printed media, printed materials of any sort, including any kind of text and graphics, by way of electronic mail systems is here. It's available today and it will improve and be accepted more and more as the means for all forms of communication between businesses. I would say, just to give a simple dimension of that, most of the orders that we receive at our own company, are accepted and placed into the production queue on the basis of a telex or something like that. We never get letters or official orders in some of those cases. So a lot of the business work functions, very dependently on these developing electronic mail systems. Another technology that I think is very exciting and I spend a lot of time on it, but just to remind you, is direct broadcast satellite that's gonna have a major impact on our ability to move information about in the near future. And then finally the microcomputer revolution itself, While it doesn't sound like it fits into this topic quite so well. I think I indicated several ways in which it's very important to the distribution of knowledge, both nationally and internationally. So I thank you for your attention and I'd be glad to answer any questions you may have. If I can answer.\r\n\r\n- [Trainee] MCI has come up with new servers MCI mail, by the personal computer with a modem into their system. Are there other MCI systems?\r\n\r\n- [Trainer] Oh yeah, there's a lot of networks in MCI, I'm also familiar with and I've seen articles on others but I don't recall any of them. But i think that's part of the power of the microcomputer once you have that capability in your home, or in your business sitting on your desk and with the worldwide penetration to phone system has, by virtue of satellites and cables and everything else. You've got access to it all right there from your microcomputer. Anybody that's got a database somewhere that you need access to and you have the authority by someone prearrangement to get to it, you have the communication capability to do it. So it's all part of the same picture. It's very exciting possibilities there and lots of things are already real. And lots of things are just now beginning to come about. Other questions? I got balance. Okay, thanks for your attention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36627/file/105746#t=0.0,628.45388"}]}]}]}