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graduate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=199.89,202.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of George Washington Carver High School","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=202.66,205.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Birmingham 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mistake.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=227.64,229.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought it was dark outside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=231.058,233.558"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am honored to have been invited to 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State's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=248.65,251.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"18 months celebration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=251.99,254.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the legacy of George Washington Carver,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=254.77,257.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"celebrating diversity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=257.46,258.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I feel many personal connections to Carver","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=260.56,263.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I wanna share with you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=263.21,264.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've already been told","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=267.284,269.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I was born and raised in Birmingham Alabama.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=269.13,271.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went through all of my pre-college education in 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everything,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=306.67,309.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then she realized,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=309.09,311.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think I must have mentioned 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of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=347.53,350.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dodging across the campus.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=350.78,352.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know he's just kind of the thing that he 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clothes.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=357.787,361.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He really didn't care that much about the way he looked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=361.567,363.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he loved people so much more wrapped up in his students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=363.71,367.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in his work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=367.27,368.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the focus of his life was someplace 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longer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=374.2,377.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the thing that I remember about that particular incident","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=377.48,382.199"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that by doing that, I think that, that was the first time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=382.199,387.199"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I had had her talk to my mother","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=387.717,390.679"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or heard 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applications.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=761.532,764.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But Congress name on the building in Iowa State","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=769.67,772.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"represents a different kind of 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women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1221.02,1222.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not as good in some other areas however,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1222.47,1225.268"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have to warn you I gave you the best, the good news 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years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1235.66,1239.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1975, I found this hard to believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1239.21,1243.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women received only 7% of doctorates in 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21%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1252.0,1257.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many people would probably be surprised","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1259.584,1262.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to realize that figures in mathematics and computer 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mathematics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1271.23,1275.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and computer science in 1975.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1275.91,1279.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This blows to 17%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1279.27,1282.555"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then to 14% , then to 17%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1282.555,1284.005"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in 1989 women received 23%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1287.01,1290.786"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of doctorates in mathematics and computer science.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1290.786,1294.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I must warn you don't 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13%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1349.03,1354.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now by contrast however,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1357.94,1361.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me just give you the 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23.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1375.306,1380.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"23 for the entire country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1381.68,1384.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a problem called Jim","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1385.87,1388.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how many of you are familiar with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1388.07,1390.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Graduate engineering degrees from the Lower East.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1390.44,1393.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jim contributed disproportionately to that 23,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1393.4,1397.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as they did to that 19 as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1397.0,1400.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jim is a fairly small program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1400.04,1402.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compared with all of these other institutional inputs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1402.84,1406.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are going on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1406.61,1408.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it actually did more than its fair share.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1408.13,1411.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now one of the things though the Jim","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1412.92,1414.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think really kinda reassures me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1414.72,1416.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause you can read...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1416.73,1417.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well you can look at these 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cetera,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1488.85,1491.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as affecting local institutional practice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1491.7,1495.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now if we wanna affect these 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Massey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1501.82,1504.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is now the director of the National Science Foundation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1504.05,1508.474"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when he gave his presidential address,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1508.474,1511.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before the triple AAAS,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1511.98,1513.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he said, \" I wanna challenge those departments out 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freshmen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1584.755,1586.255"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And by graduation they are gone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1587.13,1589.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we affect the rates of retention,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1591.09,1594.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can immediately relieve the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1594.03,1597.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even as the numbers of students can be 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engineer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1619.57,1622.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And some of this has to be addressed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1623.93,1626.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They need to know what it takes to get there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1627.26,1630.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what kind of life it allows you to have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1630.27,1633.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then there is the question ultimately of 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choice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1652.85,1655.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sometimes they may even have taken the math","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1657.47,1660.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but no one told them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1660.197,1661.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it wasn't enough to just take math","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1662.74,1664.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you had to take a particular kind of math.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1664.81,1668.395"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That one kind of math got you to engineering,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1668.395,1671.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and another kind of math","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1671.45,1673.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably didn't get you much anywhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1673.87,1675.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I call that junk math.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1677.64,1679.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you've seen it in curriculum listings for high school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1680.55,1685.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Business math, consumer math,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1686.93,1689.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three algebra, that's to get you ready","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1690.645,1694.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take the course and get you ready to take out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1694.6,1697.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we actually stop and look,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1699.11,1700.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we realize that by the time we get the students,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1701.95,1706.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an awful lot of damage has often been done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1707.12,1710.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to an awful lot large number of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1710.7,1712.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That argues however for not necessarily,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1714.4,1717.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instituting still more practices of selectivity and weeding,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1718.55,1723.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in fact, for connecting to the pre-college town pool","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1724.04,1728.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before the damage has become the rampant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1728.7,1732.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It means affecting the quality of the preparation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1734.17,1737.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the experiences of the students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1737.35,1739.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And maybe ultimately it means affecting the way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1739.87,1744.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that their teachers are educated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1744.24,1746.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Recruitment needs providing them experiences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1748.767,1753.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think sometimes if we have to really look and see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1753.43,1755.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how the athletic department does,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1755.93,1757.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they know what they're doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1758.92,1760.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have taken the equipment to a high art.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1761.45,1764.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have people all over the place,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1765.01,1768.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably all over the state but not all over the region","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1768.24,1771.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking for a good player, raw talent they call it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1771.12,1774.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somebody down to P we.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1775.67,1777.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know somebody in the local CYO league whatever it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1778.5,1783.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And somebody sends somebody the word back,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1783.57,1785.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this student looks good, keep your eye.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1785.93,1788.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And somebody keeps their eye on that student.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1788.58,1791.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a whole set of leagues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1792.515,1795.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you can get into and you can learn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1795.09,1797.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can be nurtured and you can be mentored","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1797.92,1800.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can be enabled.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1800.19,1801.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now do we have a comparable kind of thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1803.27,1805.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within science and engineering?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1805.62,1807.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not so if you could tell.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1808.74,1810.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not that extensive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1811.64,1814.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not so that they can identify students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1814.1,1816.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and provide them the things that they need early on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1816.55,1819.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that this may be a case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1821.227,1822.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we need to kind of watch and see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1822.67,1825.348"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the coaches are 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models,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1842.4,1844.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you been looking at some of the work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1844.62,1846.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the promising work that has been 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students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1858.83,1863.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make it in the system?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=1863.44,1865.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the things that I think that is very 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write.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2152.58,2154.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's the forbidden fruit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2154.56,2157.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many and more gifted 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Tuskegee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2315.98,2318.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So says the author.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2318.47,2320.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well I contend that the author may be a little off 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poor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2726.64,2730.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high tolerant, ignorant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2731.46,2733.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the book learning sense of the word students,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2737.16,2740.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and move them to someplace else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2741.72,2745.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because he understood that even though they were not slaves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2745.21,2750.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were not yet free.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2751.65,2752.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's good to have celebrations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2759.56,2761.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and especially good to have celebrations of diversity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2765.48,2769.297"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You are fortunate at Iowa State,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2771.57,2774.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have a lamp whose life and testimony,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2775.42,2780.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2780.28,2781.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that can you be excellent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2783.805,2786.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can work to achieve equity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2788.58,2790.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that these things are not incompatible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2792.279,2795.067"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2796.023,2797.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2797.213,2800.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(talks indistinctly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2818.9,2821.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2830.465,2831.399"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What's the name of the book, whose the author?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2831.399,2834.846"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e George Washington Carver Scientist and Symbol,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2834.846,2837.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by Linda O. McMurry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2837.74,2839.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(talks indistinctly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=2848.893,2851.976"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28021/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/021/original/AV204003_Equity_and_Excellence_a.vtt?1622637695","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/021/original/AV204003_Equity_and_Excellence_a.vtt?1622637695"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28022","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204003_Equity_and_Excellence_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119/transcript/28022/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- He has presidential lecture and our goal Dr. Ethan's goal in establishing this series, was to invite nationally recognized features to this campus to discuss key issues in higher education. As all of you know, this year we have been fortunate in celebrating the hundredth anniversary of the admission of George Washington Carver to Iowa State University. And the thing that I found so fascinating about this is how much we all learned about George Washington Carver, and about how much what George Washington Carver said turns out to be what we're saying about what Iowa State ought to be, that his special commitment to serving people is one that I think has always been a hallmark of this institution. That his commitment to find the new uses for old agricultural produce, is something that we recognize is essential both for the good of the world but basically for the Iowa economy. That his special priority on teaching science to the masters and opening doors to the underrepresented it's something that we are trying to make a priority at Iowa State University, and that his special priority and emphasis on protecting the environment and doing thoughtful sustainable agriculture even while making it profitable agriculture is something that Iowa State is becoming a leader in. In particular he is a role model for the encouragement of groups to go into science group have historically not been there. And a priority for this university in this nation must be the encouragement of women and minorities to enter the fields of science. Our speakers tonight Dr. Shirley Malcom knows full well the problems facing minorities and women entering the sciences. Through her work with the American Association For the Advancement Of Sciences, the triple AAAS, she has helped increase the number of minorities, women, and people with disabilities in science, engineering, and related fields. As head for the directorate for education and human resource programs in the triple AAAS, Dr. Malcom oversee educational programs and activities for underrepresented groups. But equally she helps promote public understanding of science and technology. Dr. Malcom holds a PhD in ecology from Pennsylvania State University and an MA in zoology and animal behavior from UCLA. It is finally fitting, that this particular year our speaker today be a graduate of George Washington Carver High School in Birmingham Alabama. Please join me in a warm welcome for Dr. Malcom.\r\n\r\n- When he said good morning I was afraid I made a mistake. I thought it was dark outside. I am honored to have been invited to participate in this Centennial celebration of George Washington Carver Iowa State University. I am proud to have been selected to give this presidential lecture as part of Iowa State's 18 months celebration the legacy of George Washington Carver, celebrating diversity. I feel many personal connections to Carver which I wanna share with you. You've already been told that I was born and raised in Birmingham Alabama. I went through all of my pre-college education in Birmingham and I graduated from George Washington Carver High School. My mother completed two years of a normal school program at Tuskegee Institute, in the 1930s. Coincidence with Carver's tenure on that campus. I'll never forget, when one of my daughters decided that she wanted to do, a paper for black history month on George Washington Carver and she'd gotten the stuff out of the library and everything, and then she realized, I think I must have mentioned something about her grandmother going on Tuskegee. And she said, \" Oh really? Maybe I could call grandma and find out whether she ever knew Dr. Carver.\" So one Thursday night, the paper was due on Friday. On Thursday night, she got on the telephone to her grandmother and said, Did you know Dr. Carver? She says, \" Well, I didn't really know him. He had stopped teaching the students at my level about the time that I was there.\" She said, \" Well we didn't always see him kind of, dodging across the campus.\" You know he's just kind of the thing that he remembered the most, she said, \"Was he kind of wore mismatched clothes.\" He really didn't care that much about the way he looked he loved people so much more wrapped up in his students and in his work. And the focus of his life was someplace else. And so she went on to talk to my daughter for a little bit longer. And the thing that I remember about that particular incident is that by doing that, I think that, that was the first time that I had had her talk to my mother or heard anything but my mother talked about George Washington Carver, even though I went to a high school that was made from him. It's amazing the kinds of things that we take for granted. Like George Washington Carver, I attended a largely white institution for college and graduate work, where I often experienced the situation of being the only. I too entered a program in the science, at the University of Washington, in Seattle. I was not the only in my institution, but I was only in my department. That is until another student, whom I found that years later had decided to enter Zoology after he saw that I was there and at least making it. And then there were two. Like George Washington Carver, my life was changed by the education I received in that institution. But there similarities in. I'm not legend. Carver's achievement stretch out before us like a rich tapestry. Weaving complex relationships, within black and white communities. Achievements across many different fields, and self sacrifice in service to education of African-Americans, and to practical applications, in agricultural science that few others can claim. While recognized within folk legend, for his science, scholars view his most important contributions as a translator of science to people who we're really at the grassroots. However we assessed his scientific achievements, he made research accessible to common folk, at a level appropriate to the resources they have available to them. When I was invited to give this presentation, I had to go out and buy a book on Doctor Carver. Because remember I said that the things that were part of legend and that were part of the kind of the full history was not really all that there was to know about the man. One of the people who got messed up in the cancer flight this morning, was the D from Oprah and Simpson tower, Jerry Israel. And he was, we were talking about COVID he happened to see this book starts all kinds of conversations with people. And he was talking about the fact that they were having their own celebration this afternoon which was the reason that he was so earnestly about getting back here. And talking about the connections to Simpson College and the importance of Simpson college in Dr. Carver's life. Many of us are changed by our colleges and universities. But few of us really ever have the opportunity to change those institutions. Or to even expect to change those institutions. Carver delicately affected the landscape of Iowa State. If for no other reason, that there is the , in recognition of this distinguished alone. But there was a reputation to uphold, that something else to do that. A legacy of tolerance, acceptance, diversity within the faculty, among the students body, and especially within the sciences. A reputation tool. That too is a part of the legacy. And if you think about the times, 1891, how amazing it is that Iowa State, was accepted of this person, when so many other places within this country he could not done. True, there are probably scores of schools he may prefer, I knew of at least three other high schools, in my own state, but most of these buildings, are the legacies of a time when the races coexisted in separate spheres. Living on equal lives. Dual educational systems were built to separate the races, and prominent Negroes were often selected for honor by the main schools for color views activate. This sort of a dual purpose. On the one hand it tended to placate our communities, and give her gave us appropriate as it were role models. and heroes. And on the other hand, it's singled our race to win the , who might just be looking at paper applications. But Congress name on the building in Iowa State represents a different kind of legacy. Rather than accommodation and separation, a legacy of inclusion. When Carver left the security of the faculty of Iowa State he did not forget the lessons he learned here. He maintained contacts. We call them networks now. He borrowed ideas, to use it to speed. And since some of his best and brightest students back to Iowa State, to an institution which had nurtured him where he felt secure that these students would be in light manner. This was the role of good mentor. And what has happened to his legacy over time? Well I don't know. That's a question that I hope Iowa State is asking and answering for itself during this Centennial. The struggle to provide quality education for minorities has not abated Iowa. The average to achieve real diversity within the science and engineering has not been realized. The participation of minorities in higher education has increased, but the successful completion of education and sciences by the minorities has yet to be achieve. More and more predominantly white college and universities have signaled their acceptance of a challenge to provide quality education for minorities in the sciences and engineering. However, a disproportionate share of meeting this challenge for blacks is still achieved by historically black colleges and universities. Which disproportionately as the baccalaureate origins of black civil war to complete doctors in the sciences. And we can't see to jumpstart the system for some reason. In 1975, 261 PhDs we're awarded, to African-Americans in science and engineering. 261 total for the entire country. In 1980, this number was 281. In 1985, 293. In 1989, 296. At this rate it may take us a while to even provide one each for every school, no less department that might need and require at work one of these faculty. The trends have been disturbing. Many of the games have been seen within the social and behavioral sciences which is good, but there hasn't been that much movement within the natural sciences and engineering. The other trend which is disturbing have been the great decreases in black males who have been receiving doctorates over this time. We can celebrate the increased number of women who are participating in these fields. But the base Was so small to begin with that it's really nothing . Within the natural sciences and engineering just look at that particular year. Let's look at the numbers over that same period of time. Within the natural sciences and engineering in 1975, this is all the natural sciences and engineering and includes mathematics. In 1975, the number is 108. In 1980, 101. In 1985, 119. In 1980, 133. Now we if get into specific fields we realize how desperate the problem is. The numbers for math and computer science but the core target new years are 10, 11, five and seven. I don't think we're moving in the right direction. And the physical sciences, the numbers for those targets years are 31, 14, 25 and 28. It would actually be possible for me to invite all the people who received natural science, and engineering doctorates, probably to my house. And if they we're willing to spill over into the yard, we could all have a party. That ought not to be so. But blacks don't have a corner on the under-representation market. If we look at the Spanish, American Indians, people with disabilities, women, we find problems with all those rules, and sharing this under participation compared with either population, workforce participation or participation in higher education. Women they gains in the life sciences over this same 15 year period. In 1987 women was 21% of all life sciences doctorates. In 1980, these are the US citizens. In 1980, they we're 27%. In 85, 35%. In 1989, 42%. I have some hope that we have in fact, reach critical mass at least with regard to women's participation in the life sciences. And all kinds of other indicators, seem to be pointed in that direction. Critical mass in terms of PhD production, but not yet critical mass in terms of their participation in positions of power and prestige on our faculties. And it's not really clear that we should be all be too happy is what has been happening at those numbers because those numbers were achieved, through a combination of a decreasing participation by men as well as increasing participation by the women among US citizens. The decline has been among US citizens. First we have more male US citizen, than more female US citizen. The numbers for women are not as good in some other areas however, I have to warn you I gave you the best, the good news first. If we look at chemistry over time, that same toggle, same target years, in 1975, I found this hard to believe women received only 7% of doctorates in chemistry. In 1980, this was 12%. In 1985, 17% and in 1989, 21%. Many people would probably be surprised to realize that figures in mathematics and computer science are actually higher than those in chemistry. Proportion women were 10% of doctorates in mathematics and computer science in 1975. This blows to 17%, and then to 14% , then to 17% and in 1989 women received 23%, of doctorates in mathematics and computer science. Now I must warn you don't think that this indicates any great trip, because the movement within this periods sometime would let's call it turbulent. There were ups and downs. And the other part that I think that we must realize is that during that time among US citizens, the numbers of doctorates in mathematics and in computer science, especially mathematics fell by a dramatic amount, and women achieved a good amount of their proportional rise by just not decreasing as fast as the men did. In engineering, the gauge has been dramatic. In 1975 women receive 2% of engineering doctorates. By 1989, this figure was 13%. Now by contrast however, let me just give you the numbers rather than percentages for blacks during that same period of time. The target years again of 77, 80, 85 and 89, 11, 11, 19 and 23. 23 for the entire country. There is a problem called Jim I don't know how many of you are familiar with it. Graduate engineering degrees from the Lower East. Jim contributed disproportionately to that 23, as they did to that 19 as well. Jim is a fairly small program, compared with all of these other institutional inputs that are going on, but it actually did more than its fair share. Now one of the things though the Jim I think really kinda reassures me 'cause you can read... Well you can look at these numbers and really get depressed but I'm not depressed. I'm hopeful, because Jim has a message for us and is a message of anything his intervention is possible. And that it works. You can affect the choices, by providing people with accurate information at a time when they needed in order to make certain critical decisions, by providing support, psychological as well as financial, and by providing mentoring structures. People who worked to help students, learn to achieve and get out on time. Changing the situation for women, has meant addressing the larger societal issues that affect women's participation, in non-traditional fields overall. Attitudes about the place of women within the society, the family the home, the structure et cetera, as well as affecting local institutional practice. Now if we wanna affect these numbers, what did we do? Several years ago when Walter Massey who is now the director of the National Science Foundation, when he gave his presidential address, before the triple AAAS, he said, \" I wanna challenge those departments out there, to double plus one their enrollment of minority students.\" And he said that he had to say the plus one, because for so many the number was zero. How do we get the graduation rate? How do we get the graduation figures? I think that it is a matter of each institution taking the personal responsibility for affecting not necessarily the national problem but they are part of. Their department, their students, their climate, their environment, the monies that they control, the fellowships the research assistant ships under their particular area of control. One of the things that we realize is that a lot of people say that they're gonna major in the sciences and engineering, when they come in as freshmen. And by graduation they are gone. If we affect the rates of retention, we can immediately relieve the problem. Even as the numbers of students can be retained, who go into the science and engineering, there is still a problem with recruitment. Many students still don't know what it means to be a scientist or to be an engineer. And some of this has to be addressed. They need to know what it takes to get there, and what kind of life it allows you to have. Then there is the question ultimately of readiness. For many students even if they wanted to go in to science and engineering, they're not ready. Because they have not had the pre-college preparation, that will enable them to even make the choice. Sometimes they may even have taken the math but no one told them, that it wasn't enough to just take math but you had to take a particular kind of math. That one kind of math got you to engineering, and another kind of math probably didn't get you much anywhere. I call that junk math. And you've seen it in curriculum listings for high school. Business math, consumer math, three algebra, that's to get you ready to take the course and get you ready to take out. If we actually stop and look, we realize that by the time we get the students, an awful lot of damage has often been done to an awful lot large number of them. That argues however for not necessarily, instituting still more practices of selectivity and weeding, but in fact, for connecting to the pre-college town pool before the damage has become the rampant. It means affecting the quality of the preparation and the experiences of the students. And maybe ultimately it means affecting the way that their teachers are educated. Recruitment needs providing them experiences. I think sometimes if we have to really look and see how the athletic department does, they know what they're doing. They have taken the equipment to a high art. They have people all over the place, probably all over the state but not all over the region looking for a good player, raw talent they call it. Somebody down to P we. You know somebody in the local CYO league whatever it is. And somebody sends somebody the word back, this student looks good, keep your eye. And somebody keeps their eye on that student. There is a whole set of leagues that you can get into and you can learn and you can be nurtured and you can be mentored and you can be enabled. Now do we have a comparable kind of thing within science and engineering? Not so if you could tell. Not that extensive. Not so that they can identify students and provide them the things that they need early on. I think that this may be a case where we need to kind of watch and see what the coaches are doing, and how they can find students, and identify them, and bring them in, and bring them along. Retention, I know that you have been looking at some retention models, that you been looking at some of the work the promising work that has been done by UH in Berkeley, maybe by some of the people in calculus, maybe by some of the people at MIT and physics, to see what does it take to really enable students to make it in the system? One of the things that I think that is very interesting about the research is the research suggests, that students need feedback from faculty. And we have to tell them how they really are doing. And if they're really good enough to go on we have to say that too. I stood up in front of a group of students and said have any of you thought about graduate school? And some tentative hands went up. And then I say, \" You know in contrast how many of you thought about law school?\" Many more hands we're up. How many of you thought about medical school? Many more hands went up. And then I realized like what we had there, was the fact that there is much better marketing system for these other things. Business, law, medicine, of course they helped out in that by the media. You can see doctors and lawyers on television fairly regularly. We have an ongoing series about a scientist hero. Many of the interventions that we've put in place focus on fixing the student instead of the system. That somehow is the student who is broken rather than the kinds of mechanisms by which we provide the education to the students. One of the things that I always had to remember when I was teaching and I forgot regularly, I'm gonna tell you I was guilty. Not everyone is a major. Not everyone needs to know this. There was no such thing as you'll understand, when you get to the next course. Sometimes we'll only get one shot, at a student. I happened to be in a meeting yesterday, where the governors from the NGA who had comprised the panel to deal with looking at the monitoring issues, we're actually in discussions with the resource panel and they had a public meeting. And your governor made the statement when we were discussing goals for, that in fact he had had to take all the math and science, as though he wouldn't let to be in a major in high school. And he made a statement like his mother had wanted him to be an engineer. And then he said, and I guess doing taking all that stuff didn't hurt me. Now I think it is very interesting that we have to know who our leaders will be. And we never know what kinds of attitudes they would take about our subjects, into their work. Now if he had thought they didn't hurt him a lot, we may be in deep trouble in this state regarding science and engineering. I don't know who may not be in trouble anyway but I'm just saying that there are people who will affect very much what happens within the community who are not necessarily all that be. And I think we have be concerned about the people who are not the scientists and engineers and what attitudes and values about science and engineering they will take from our institution. It was very interesting as I was reading this book, I happened to come across a section that I must share with this few paragraphs with you because I think that it said something about Carver's teaching philosophy, that is important for us to remind ourselves. After the civil war, many Southern blacks were eager to taste the forbidden fruit of education, and made significant sacrifices to educate themselves and their children. The referenced their forbidden fruit was because it was against the law to teach slaves to read and write. So that's the forbidden fruit. Many and more gifted fortunate could indeed benefit from higher education, but many we so immersed in poverty and ignorance that they had to be taught basic survival skills first. The teaching methods used in Iowa State were highly appropriate for this task. And it is a measured part of his greatness as a teacher, that he was able to be as effective on the condition set a he as he had been at Iowa State. And at the hard part of success, was his enthusiasm for his subject and his unusual perspective on it. Whether this course was labeled chemistry or agriculture what he taught was an appreciation of the miracles and beauties of nature. And it goes on for awhile this says in Karma's philosophy nature was great teacher. And understanding and appreciation of natural phenomena and forces led to a clearer perception of all great truths. Nothing existed in a vacuum. Everything was an integral part of the great whole. Therefore when the student really understand one phenomenon he could easily be led to understand all the great phenomenon. Learning harvest crashes is structured to lead us from what he already knew to the nearest related unknown. Education was really the process of understanding relationships. And he goes on and the writer goes on to say, \" Carver believed the best means of teaching relationships was the group method.\" What goes around comes around. Students were not taught abstract isolated precepts of the various sciences, instead one particular object like a copy was studied in depth, and the student we're shown how the various natural forces that we usually studied separately, under such kitties as chemistry, meteorology, botany, entomology came together in the production of this single plant. When a student thoroughly understood the processes that created a copy, he could really grasp how these forces affect other phenomena. Even this approach to teaching displayed Carver's self ordained role of generalists in an age of specialization. And what he was basically trying to do was to meet the needs of the students that he found there at Tuskegee. So says the author. Well I contend that the author may be a little off base, and that in fact it's not always the students at Tuskegee but also the students at Iowa State, and in most of our institutions who need the kinds of things that Carver was trying to provide. In that case not only an enthusiasm with the subject, but connection to the level that the students brought to the classroom, that a perception of the teacher has got over the dispenser of knowledge. A realization that the most important things is to think is to inspire students to learn on their own, and the creative use of cooperation and competition. One of the things that he's stressed was the need for context. That you must've embedded in the reality that the student brings. Now even as we say all these things we have some particular challenges within the sciences. In terms of bringing, this thing which we know to be true into reality. One of the big problems, and they did the problems of practice as well as problems with Paddington. One of the problems is our attitude about science, that is difficult, that it is hard. What it may be difficult, but it shouldn't be inaccessible. Another big problem is our beliefs about intelligence. We really do think, that it is the ability that you keep an habit or you don't. We really believe this, and it is shown in almost every educational practice that you can find. Whether in tracking, or grouping at the lower grades, or weeding out of your freshman chemistry course. Only the fits survive, social Darwinism carry to an extreme. A lot of the issues are tied up in our beliefs about race, and National Opinion Research Center polls says that we really do believe, in our heart of hearts we're really honest, the different groups of people, are differentially intelligence. The same way the persistent myth of the math gene for girls. We have the leaps about winning and losing, but the fact that we can handle this somebody else loses. We have beliefs about selecting and enable. As difficult as all of those attitudes and belief systems are to deal with, when I was a kid in Birmingham they said, \" Forget about how they feel about you. Forget about the attitude is the behavior we wanna affect.\" Attitude with follow changes in behavior. And I believe that I really believe that. And we've been able to get people to behave differently, because the problem that we face that have increasing the diversity within science and engineering has been placed in a larger national context. A larger national context is times have changed. Most people that we used to get into science and engineering, are no longer just showing up. More and more of the students that will be available to you, are more and more of the students, who are traditionally not made a choice besides an engineer. And with change in demographics, we must change our behavior. And we cannot affect wining strategies. We have to cultivate using agricultural motif. We have to cultivate the next generation of students. There is concern about the sheer fall. I don't like to really deal too much in discussions about sheer falls because there is always, there always ways of dealing with sheer falls without dealing with the central issue. You can just import for time. And leave, the core of the problem unchanged. There is concern about the decreasing American presence, and about the issues of technology transfer, when our students basically go home and start to compete with us, in atmosphere where they have a much resource base in terms of capital. And different attitudes about business and industry and trade. But I guess that at the bottom line, I want more diversity within science. Because I think that we need more diversity within sciences. Science is shade by the doers of science. Diversity among the doers, begets diversity among the approaches, the issues, they get walked to the tape. At the base of it science is something as a human endeavor, that empowers. Carver understood this, which is the reason that he tried to take poor, high tolerant, ignorant, in the book learning sense of the word students, and move them to someplace else. Because he understood that even though they were not slaves, they were not yet free. It's good to have celebrations, and especially good to have celebrations of diversity. You are fortunate at Iowa State, to have a lamp whose life and testimony, to the fact, that can you be excellent, and you can work to achieve equity, and that these things are not incompatible. Thank you. Yes.\r\n\r\n- What's the name of the book, whose the author?\r\n\r\n- George Washington Carver Scientist and Symbol, by Linda O. McMurry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116119#t=0.0,2877.096"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV204003_Equity_and_Excellence_b.mp3"]},"duration":990.168,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/120/small/lecture.png?1622637697","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/116/120/original/AV204003_Equity_and_Excellence_b.mp3?1622637697","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":990.168,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204003_Equity_and_Excellence_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Balance my checkbook, I was never good at math.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=5.314,8.041"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're absolutely right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=8.041,8.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that basically people have to be called on it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=8.92,12.949"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I had that actually happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=12.949,15.532"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have two daughters,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=19.17,21.329"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and when they were at their day mother's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=21.329,25.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one day I heard her say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=25.187,27.524"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Oh, I was never good at math.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=27.524,29.281"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My brother was always good at math.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=29.281,31.011"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sometimes I think,\" I said, \"Don't even say it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=31.011,33.979"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Don't even think it.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=33.979,35.729"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, \"Math was easy for me.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=37.103,39.686"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have a much more intuitive feel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=41.957,44.039"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for mathematics than my husband","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=44.039,45.835"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who went a lot further in mathematics in school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=45.835,49.835"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I said, \"Don't say it,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=51.224,53.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because what it does is it basically sets up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=53.81,56.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in people's minds certain sets of expectations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=56.873,59.869"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in that particular case, children in particular,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=59.869,64.008"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are very susceptible to hearing that and they will say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=64.008,66.781"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Well, that's an excuse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=66.781,67.741"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's why I'm not doing well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=67.741,70.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I don't have to try.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=70.223,72.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that we have to just basically call people on it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=73.198,77.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that may not always be comfortable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=77.18,80.835"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in the same kind of way as, well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=80.835,83.546"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would you say \"I can't\"?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=83.546,86.042"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then they will realize basically the kinds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=86.042,88.536"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of messages that they're sending.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=88.536,91.286"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You talked about the small numbers of different groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=97.734,102.401"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that aren't exposed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=103.515,104.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct), physical sciences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=104.833,109.239"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which makes it impossible for a lot of departments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=109.239,111.295"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) there aren't that many I can spell.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=111.295,115.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One answer to that that you also started","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=115.92,118.656"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eventually looking at was building them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=118.656,120.815"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the department.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=120.815,122.105"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could you talk about that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=122.105,123.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I have always advocated for the departments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=123.977,126.607"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they basically grow their own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=126.607,128.478"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's one way you can solve your own problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=128.478,131.758"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some departments, however, have it as a matter of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=131.758,135.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They want diversity within their department,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=135.063,137.602"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they don't accept their own graduate students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=137.602,139.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They understand how we use the term diversity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=139.707,142.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They want somebody from another school,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=142.407,144.468"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they don't accept their own graduate students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=144.468,146.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If that's the case, basically you do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=146.62,148.719"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the other institutions do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=148.719,150.661"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is you train some and you basically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=150.661,152.971"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exchange yours for somebody else's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=152.971,156.232"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If Iowa State and Michigan State","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=156.232,159.527"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basically both finish somebody and you decide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=159.527,162.079"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't want my own graduate student.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=162.079,164.259"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He or she needs to go someplace else","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=164.259,166.562"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after they have finished.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=166.562,167.929"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just exchange.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=167.929,169.096"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harvard and Berkeley do it all the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=170.839,174.311"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MIT, Yale, Princeton?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=174.311,176.525"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, they move these people around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=176.525,180.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that we basically gotta take","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=180.21,183.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same kind of approach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=183.14,185.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's nothing wrong with growing your own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=186.369,190.036"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the same way as raising husbands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=191.677,194.635"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=194.635,197.468"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You make him the way you want.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=201.887,204.387"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=205.999,206.832"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e If the salaries were higher in the sciences area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=209.665,212.968"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps more people would enter that field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=212.968,216.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perhaps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=216.31,217.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are some national associations that are saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=218.257,220.896"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that people coming from abroad are keeping salaries down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=220.896,225.646"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know if that's a mainstream thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=226.76,228.879"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a fringe thought, but I'd be interested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=228.879,231.114"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in hearing your theory on that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=231.114,233.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I can believe that people from abroad","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=236.752,238.934"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would probably accept a lower salary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=238.934,241.934"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it would still look like a lot of money compared","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=243.611,246.982"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with what they would have been getting someplace else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=246.982,251.364"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in the same way I don't accept the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=251.364,254.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the salary levels are affecting the kinds of ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=254.847,259.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that people make their decisions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=261.039,262.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what they're going to be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=262.69,265.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We see large numbers, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=265.58,268.089"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the salaries of doctors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=268.089,270.662"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but all doctors don't make those big numbers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=270.662,274.985"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of salaries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=274.985,276.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of them in rural areas who choose to serve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=276.847,280.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"underserved areas, they're not making that kind of money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=280.79,285.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People who are in family practice and general practice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=285.053,288.378"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and pediatrics are not making that kind of money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=288.378,291.979"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their salaries tend to be lower.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=291.979,294.239"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have the glamor fields that are making big money,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=294.239,297.312"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that's not the norm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=297.312,299.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the same way that most lawyers aren't making a killing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=299.62,304.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the handful who are at the top","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=304.879,307.931"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the most prestigious law schools, basically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=307.931,311.421"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who do this, who make the big salaries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=311.421,314.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and basically give people some sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=314.993,316.791"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what this is all about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=316.791,318.958"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"True, you're unlikely to get rich in this field,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=319.914,323.652"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you'll be comfortable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=323.652,325.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that that's the thing that students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=325.26,328.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really need to know, that unemployment rates are low","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=328.29,332.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compared to other fields.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=334.351,335.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"See, we're used to these 1 and 2% unemployment rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=335.92,339.794"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when other people are roaming around","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=339.794,341.458"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking at a 5 and 7% unemployment rates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=341.458,344.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1 and 2 looks good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=344.867,346.534"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in some cases there is no unemployment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=347.973,351.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, essentially it's just, what do you call it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=351.743,355.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the process of people moving from one job to another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=357.47,360.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You may catch 'em on the day","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=360.293,361.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they haven't gone to the other job,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=361.54,363.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in areas like computer science, ya know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=363.81,367.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I think that the whole issue of the salary structure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=367.243,372.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not, to me, a very convincing argument","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=372.41,375.814"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about why people are or are not choosing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=375.814,379.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pursue studies within the sciences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=379.14,383.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that the problems are deeper and more complex.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=383.2,386.985"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, if you put more money, if scientists were suddenly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=386.985,391.512"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all making $300,000 and above,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=391.512,394.012"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we would have a lot more interest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=395.274,397.401"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot more people in going in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=397.401,399.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But is that what you want?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=401.881,404.048"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that the issue is one of we have tended to think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=406.003,411.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that people come into these areas because they love it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=411.49,415.948"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it is that love and that joy of doing this thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=415.948,419.854"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that basically brings you in and keeps you in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=419.854,423.771"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the market forces have, it would be a big problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=427.776,432.776"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if not much money at all were being made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=432.99,436.065"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People might make other kinds of choices.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=436.065,438.369"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I don't think that it's low enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=438.369,440.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to really affect the choices.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=440.977,443.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are other kinds of things that are going on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=443.08,445.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about why people are doing what they're doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=445.1,448.078"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're voting with their feet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=448.078,449.612"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that the message that they're sending to us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=449.612,452.132"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is we're not giving them what they need.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=452.132,455.326"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're not selling our fields to them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=455.326,458.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as though we were recruiters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=458.637,461.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are basically saying, look to the right, look to the left","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=463.086,466.906"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and who are we left with at the end of the term?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=466.906,470.995"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Still, in spite of the fact that the numbers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=470.995,474.934"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of those people that we will have available","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=474.934,476.711"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to us is much smaller.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=476.711,479.065"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You do different things in a situation of plenty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=479.065,481.765"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than you do in a situation of want.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=481.765,484.846"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During the years when I was in school and afterwards,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=484.846,487.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was the Baby Boom years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=487.19,489.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we were just pilin' into colleges and universities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=489.85,492.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like crazy, but that's not what it's going to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=492.53,496.538"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the next eight years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=496.538,499.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're not gonna see that same kind of situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=500.71,502.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that we really have to rethink the tactics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=503.89,507.404"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we employ in situations with smaller numbers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=507.404,511.571"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What programs does AAAS have to take, say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=515.217,518.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high school seniors or high school students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=518.81,522.428"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or college undergraduates and put them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=522.428,524.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a spring training camp situation for example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=524.74,527.548"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the government (indistinct)?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=527.548,531.548"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e We work with the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=532.74,534.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Association of Academies of Science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=534.88,537.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the junior academies and other groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=537.197,539.116"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are actually doing that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=539.116,540.786"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are running few programs at that level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=540.786,544.956"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Much of the attention that we have made within AAAS","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=544.956,549.822"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been on structural reform on one hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=549.822,554.031"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and on the other on much earlier levels of intervention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=554.031,558.698"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There what you would be doing, basically the kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=561.455,564.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what we call the bridge programs to take 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there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=571.87,576.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be trying to make up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=576.04,577.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we're working at much lower 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churches","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=625.758,630.758"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are setting up afterschool programs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=632.055,634.297"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Saturday programs, summer programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=634.297,637.214"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's an awful lot of forgetting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=638.422,639.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that goes on in the summer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=639.54,641.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a matter of fact, if you could somehow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=641.13,644.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"help the kids not forget in the summer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=644.27,648.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you could gain three months every year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=648.72,651.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That sounds pretty amazing, but somehow that period of time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=653.271,658.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you're not engaged in meaningful,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=659.991,662.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"educationally-related activity is a time of loss","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=662.15,666.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and forgetting with regard to the skills","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=667.623,670.338"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you got when you were in school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=670.338,673.421"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=675.584,676.744"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e There's recently been some controversy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=676.744,678.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the legality of designating scholarships","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=678.84,682.612"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to minority persons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=682.612,684.051"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How you do you view that controversy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=684.051,687.134"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e A red herring.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=690.246,691.579"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that we designate monies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=695.383,698.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for everything under the sun,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=701.159,703.576"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children of farmers, children whose mothers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=706.436,710.019"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finished some high school back in whatever year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=713.24,717.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the fact that we would basically single out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=718.704,720.855"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and say that we can't do this by race or by gender","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=720.855,723.761"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or whatever it is, but we can make all other kinds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=723.761,726.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of distinctions, I think that it just basically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=726.79,731.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blurs the issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=731.233,732.566"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The issue is one of, ya know the higher salaries discussion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=733.961,738.961"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had over here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=739.378,741.595"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the same thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=741.595,744.061"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If there are monies that are specifically available","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=744.061,747.066"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to students, might we not attract them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=747.066,750.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to particular fields, for example?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=753.121,755.954"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or schools to particular institutions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=757.916,761.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that we have to really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=762.495,765.328"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of disentangle our motivations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=767.049,770.049"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we say let's be race blind on the issues,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=775.494,780.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's fine to do that in the abstract,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=780.07,782.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I know that if I walk down the streets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=783.928,787.959"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some of our cities, they don't know who I am","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=787.959,788.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they could care less.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=792.447,795.061"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What they see is that I am a black woman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=795.061,798.478"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know that if my husband is stopped in his car","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=801.145,804.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he could be seriously jeopardized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=806.184,809.351"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they don't care that he's a physicist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=810.77,813.712"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't care who he is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=813.712,815.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is a black man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=815.73,817.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Society is not blind to race,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=819.65,823.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so it is difficult to argue that somehow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=823.96,827.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are to be race blind with regard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=831.061,833.978"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to policies and practice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=835.15,837.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a tough issue to deal with because, quite frankly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=839.383,843.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am a much more fully dimensional person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=844.584,847.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than either defined by my race or my gender.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=847.56,851.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if someone doesn't know me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=853.18,854.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those are the obvious things and that's where they start.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=856.06,860.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We hope that's where they start,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=862.7,865.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they don't finish there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=865.39,867.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that we have got to make a commitment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=868.847,872.747"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the fact that students will have an opportunity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=874.118,878.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go to school and be supported in that education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=879.66,882.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the particular case that we're talking about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=885.62,888.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the argument is a little shaky","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=888.04,891.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because quite frankly, most of the students,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=891.16,893.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of the race-specific tend also to be tied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=893.61,898.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to issues of either need or subject area,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=899.18,902.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which immediately removes them from the category","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=902.55,906.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they're just race-specific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=906.76,908.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, it's a matter of people playing games with words,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=910.306,913.526"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think that we don't need anymore of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=913.526,917.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=918.322,919.155"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It seems to me, if I had to ask that question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=920.811,923.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would ask to what extent is the Bush administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=923.47,926.505"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"listening to Michael Williams and will pursue that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=926.505,929.362"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is the-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=929.362,930.941"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I haven't the slightest idea to what extent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=930.941,933.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're listening to him, but I think that the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=933.21,935.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that that rhetoric has toned down in Washington","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=935.79,938.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that it is not playing well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=939.22,940.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our higher education institutions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=941.71,944.142"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think that it is not,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=944.142,945.492"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think that our new secretary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=948.14,949.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really resonates with that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=949.95,951.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e To let me thank you very much and invite folks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=956.642,959.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to join us afterwards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=959.893,962.219"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me just make one final statement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=962.219,964.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somebody who was, I guess I call her","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=964.71,967.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"part of my support structure when I was at UCLA,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=967.8,971.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is here tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=971.28,972.975"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=972.975,973.808"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Good to see you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=975.317,976.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(speaker chuckles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=976.183,977.029"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Have you gone back to UCLA and visited their facilities?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=977.029,979.486"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I haven't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=979.486,980.501"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You should.\nOh. (laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=980.501,982.552"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=982.552,985.635"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28023/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/023/original/AV204003_Equity_and_Excellence_b.vtt?1622637699","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/023/original/AV204003_Equity_and_Excellence_b.vtt?1622637699"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28024","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204003_Equity_and_Excellence_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120/transcript/28024/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Balance my checkbook, I was never good at math. You're absolutely right. I think that basically people have to be called on it, and I had that actually happen. I have two daughters, and when they were at their day mother's, and one day I heard her say, \"Oh, I was never good at math. My brother was always good at math. Sometimes I think,\" I said, \"Don't even say it. Don't even think it.\" I said, \"Math was easy for me.\" I have a much more intuitive feel for mathematics than my husband who went a lot further in mathematics in school. And I said, \"Don't say it,\" because what it does is it basically sets up in people's minds certain sets of expectations. And in that particular case, children in particular, are very susceptible to hearing that and they will say, \"Well, that's an excuse. That's why I'm not doing well. So I don't have to try.\" I think that we have to just basically call people on it, and that may not always be comfortable, but in the same kind of way as, well, would you say \"I can't\"? And then they will realize basically the kinds of messages that they're sending.\r\n\r\n- You talked about the small numbers of different groups that aren't exposed. , physical sciences, which makes it impossible for a lot of departments there aren't that many I can spell. One answer to that that you also started eventually looking at was building them within the department. Could you talk about that?\r\n\r\n- Well, I have always advocated for the departments that they basically grow their own. That's one way you can solve your own problems. Some departments, however, have it as a matter of course. They want diversity within their department, so they don't accept their own graduate students. They understand how we use the term diversity. They want somebody from another school, so they don't accept their own graduate students. If that's the case, basically you do what the other institutions do. And that is you train some and you basically exchange yours for somebody else's. If Iowa State and Michigan State basically both finish somebody and you decide I don't want my own graduate student. He or she needs to go someplace else after they have finished. Just exchange. Harvard and Berkeley do it all the time. MIT, Yale, Princeton? I mean, they move these people around. And I think that we basically gotta take the same kind of approach. There's nothing wrong with growing your own. That's the same way as raising husbands. You make him the way you want. Yes.\r\n\r\n- If the salaries were higher in the sciences area perhaps more people would enter that field. Perhaps. There are some national associations that are saying that people coming from abroad are keeping salaries down. I don't know if that's a mainstream thought or a fringe thought, but I'd be interested in hearing your theory on that.\r\n\r\n- Well, I can believe that people from abroad would probably accept a lower salary because it would still look like a lot of money compared with what they would have been getting someplace else. But in the same way I don't accept the fact that the salary levels are affecting the kinds of ways that people make their decisions about what they're going to be. We see large numbers, for example, in the salaries of doctors, but all doctors don't make those big numbers in terms of salaries. Many of them in rural areas who choose to serve underserved areas, they're not making that kind of money. People who are in family practice and general practice and pediatrics are not making that kind of money. Their salaries tend to be lower. You have the glamor fields that are making big money, but that's not the norm. In the same way that most lawyers aren't making a killing. It's the handful who are at the top in the most prestigious law schools, basically, who do this, who make the big salaries and basically give people some sense of what this is all about. True, you're unlikely to get rich in this field, but you'll be comfortable. And I think that that's the thing that students really need to know, that unemployment rates are low compared to other fields. See, we're used to these 1 and 2% unemployment rates when other people are roaming around looking at a 5 and 7% unemployment rates. 1 and 2 looks good. And in some cases there is no unemployment. I mean, essentially it's just, what do you call it? It's the process of people moving from one job to another. You may catch 'em on the day when they haven't gone to the other job, in areas like computer science, ya know. So, I think that the whole issue of the salary structure is not, to me, a very convincing argument about why people are or are not choosing to pursue studies within the sciences. I think that the problems are deeper and more complex. Yes, if you put more money, if scientists were suddenly all making $300,000 and above, then we would have a lot more interest, a lot more people in going in. But is that what you want? I think that the issue is one of we have tended to think that people come into these areas because they love it, and it is that love and that joy of doing this thing that basically brings you in and keeps you in. And the market forces have, it would be a big problem if not much money at all were being made. People might make other kinds of choices. But I don't think that it's low enough to really affect the choices. There are other kinds of things that are going on about why people are doing what they're doing. They're voting with their feet. And I think that the message that they're sending to us is we're not giving them what they need. We're not selling our fields to them as though we were recruiters. We are basically saying, look to the right, look to the left and who are we left with at the end of the term? Still, in spite of the fact that the numbers of those people that we will have available to us is much smaller. You do different things in a situation of plenty than you do in a situation of want. During the years when I was in school and afterwards, that was the Baby Boom years, we were just pilin' into colleges and universities like crazy, but that's not what it's going to be over the next eight years. We're not gonna see that same kind of situation. And I think that we really have to rethink the tactics that we employ in situations with smaller numbers.\r\n\r\n- What programs does AAAS have to take, say, high school seniors or high school students or college undergraduates and put them in a spring training camp situation for example in the government ?\r\n\r\n- We work with the National Association of Academies of Science and the junior academies and other groups that are actually doing that. We are running few programs at that level. Much of the attention that we have made within AAAS have been on structural reform on one hand, and on the other on much earlier levels of intervention. There what you would be doing, basically the kind of what we call the bridge programs to take them from one place to bridge that high school and college years, basically what one would be doing there would be trying to make up. And we're working at much lower levels and trying on a, what do you call it, what is it? A prevention kind of a strategy as opposed to a remediation kind of a strategy. We have been working quite a bit with community-based organizations trying to get them to do, to first of all be effective advocates with regard to the schools and the kinds of reforms that have to go on within schools. And the other piece of this is to try to get them to start running programs 'cause the time in school is not the only time in children's lives, and we're gonna have to start using the time that they're not in school a lot smarter. And we are looking, for example, at working in the black community with black churches that are setting up afterschool programs, Saturday programs, summer programs. There's an awful lot of forgetting that goes on in the summer. As a matter of fact, if you could somehow help the kids not forget in the summer, you could gain three months every year. That sounds pretty amazing, but somehow that period of time when you're not engaged in meaningful, educationally-related activity is a time of loss and forgetting with regard to the skills that you got when you were in school. Yes.\r\n\r\n- There's recently been some controversy about the legality of designating scholarships to minority persons. How you do you view that controversy?\r\n\r\n- A red herring. I think that we designate monies for everything under the sun, children of farmers, children whose mothers finished some high school back in whatever year, and the fact that we would basically single out and say that we can't do this by race or by gender or whatever it is, but we can make all other kinds of distinctions, I think that it just basically blurs the issue. The issue is one of, ya know the higher salaries discussion we had over here? That's the same thing. If there are monies that are specifically available to students, might we not attract them to particular fields, for example? Or schools to particular institutions? And I think that we have to really kind of disentangle our motivations. If we say let's be race blind on the issues, it's fine to do that in the abstract, but I know that if I walk down the streets in some of our cities, they don't know who I am and they could care less. What they see is that I am a black woman. I know that if my husband is stopped in his car that he could be seriously jeopardized because they don't care that he's a physicist. They don't care who he is. He is a black man. Society is not blind to race, so it is difficult to argue that somehow we are to be race blind with regard to policies and practice. It's a tough issue to deal with because, quite frankly, I am a much more fully dimensional person than either defined by my race or my gender. But if someone doesn't know me, those are the obvious things and that's where they start. We hope that's where they start, but they don't finish there. And I think that we have got to make a commitment to the fact that students will have an opportunity to go to school and be supported in that education. In the particular case that we're talking about, I think the argument is a little shaky because quite frankly, most of the students, most of the race-specific tend also to be tied to issues of either need or subject area, which immediately removes them from the category that they're just race-specific. So, it's a matter of people playing games with words, and I think that we don't need anymore of that. Yes.\r\n\r\n- It seems to me, if I had to ask that question I would ask to what extent is the Bush administration listening to Michael Williams and will pursue that? What is the-\r\n\r\n- I haven't the slightest idea to what extent they're listening to him, but I think that the fact that that rhetoric has toned down in Washington and that it is not playing well in our higher education institutions, and I think that it is not, I don't think that our new secretary really resonates with that.\r\n\r\n- To let me thank you very much and invite folks to join us afterwards.\r\n\r\n- Let me just make one final statement. Somebody who was, I guess I call her part of my support structure when I was at UCLA, is here tonight. Irene.\r\n\r\n- Good to see you. Have you gone back to UCLA and visited their facilities?\r\n\r\n- No, I haven't.\r\n\r\n- You should.\r\n\r\n- Oh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43273/file/116120#t=0.0,990.168"}]}]}]}