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certain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=146.518,147.601"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although I'm equally pleased to be here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=148.508,150.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you can 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Mary;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=183.463,186.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not sure whether that will succeed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=186.21,188.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're entirely to 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Hawaii","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=205.81,208.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where I...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=208.67,210.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I enjoyed the food lecture too, but in 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utilization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=224.0,226.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I mentioned that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=226.23,227.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I'll be talking a little bit about him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=227.063,228.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that conference,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=228.92,230.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Dr. Ebbit; that's the first time we met there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=230.46,234.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that conference organized by George Bill;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=236.65,239.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rural sociologist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=239.17,240.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think he has retired by now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=240.15,242.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"led to a book called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=242.16,244.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Knowledge Generation Exchanging Utilization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=244.11,247.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=247.17,248.739"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that book, participating in the conference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=248.739,250.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the book has really influenced me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=250.62,253.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and indirectly also our departments 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issue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=259.68,262.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I've gone so far now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=262.55,265.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I think that the study of 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\"Oh!\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=340.83,342.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She said, \"Ames.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=342.7,343.887"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, that happens that my father in 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something,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=366.32,369.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably, you know, laying the foundations for bomb.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=369.103,372.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, they liked each 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remember,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=379.333,381.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my mother has had a little Indian corn cob, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=381.15,384.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lying on the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=384.51,385.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, chimney's mantle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=386.93,389.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And she said, \"It's from Ames.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=389.03,391.114"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=391.114,392.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, suddenly there was this connection with my 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from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=415.69,419.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being here in the US so far.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=419.21,420.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I've been working on an assignment for ISNAR,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=421.96,424.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the International Service","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=424.71,426.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for National Agricultural Research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=426.36,428.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And ISNAR has a project called Research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=428.2,431.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Technology Transfer Linkages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=431.87,434.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which in normal terms would be research extension linkages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=434.13,438.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the word extension is no longer very 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thought,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=444.22,446.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Oh my God, there's nobody gonna show up tonight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=446.277,448.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it's dead.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=448.31,449.437"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fact that you're all here it means it's not so that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=450.535,452.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but anyway, in many international organizations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=452.41,455.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're now using technology transfer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=455.07,457.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a more hard and better term.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=457.76,459.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we've heard a lot about the linear model","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=461.03,463.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'll say a little bit about it but,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=463.16,465.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it shows you that is very much the kind of thinking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=465.1,467.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which this project started.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=467.27,468.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has changed a lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=470.66,472.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During its life, this 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countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=476.56,479.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a part of this project,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=479.28,481.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my specific task","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=481.57,483.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was to look at the nature of linkages on the one hand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=483.51,486.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the nature of technologies on the other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=486.74,489.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the assumption that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=489.16,490.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the type of technology would influence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=492.315,493.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the type of linkage and vice versa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=493.7,495.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, that's what I've been looking at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=495.49,496.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I got very excited in the process,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=496.907,499.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm going to tell you a little bit about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=499.37,502.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's become a very interesting exploration, actually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=503.49,506.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so\n(paper rustling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=507.28,508.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a sabbatical after six years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=508.113,509.954"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as head of department heads,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=509.954,511.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think, done what it was supposed to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=511.77,513.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll start with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=515.4,517.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the ideas that I have about the knowledge system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=520.24,524.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And with that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=524.94,525.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to go right back to where we were in 1989.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=525.78,530.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And some of you have read","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=530.31,531.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think a paper I did with Paul Angone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=531.48,534.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Washington conference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=534.54,536.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Mike organized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=536.56,538.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together with the Academy for Educational Development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=538.24,541.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there, we were also talking about knowledge systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=541.4,543.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I want to start with that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=543.89,545.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I want to then continue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=545.52,547.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and share a little bit of the thinking that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=548.17,550.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=550.56,551.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've developed during this sabbatical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=552.76,555.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what I'd like to do very much is to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=555.04,557.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"look at institutional configurations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=557.86,562.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at knowledge processes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=562.13,566.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at innovations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=566.13,567.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"look at those three things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=567.45,569.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and look at them from the point of view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=569.21,571.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how can we create an optimal environment;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=571.58,575.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an optimal indigenous knowledge environment;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=575.22,578.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an optimal environment for the creation exchange","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=578.75,581.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the utilization of indigenous knowledge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=581.94,584.868"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is what I will try and do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=584.868,587.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I don't ever dare to compete with Janice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=587.753,591.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the nature of her beautiful (murmurs),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=591.18,593.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I've got this hopeless stuff here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=594.922,597.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I've be threatened to actually have better ones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=597.117,599.987"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but, of course, I'm not gonna have that one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=599.987,602.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't be (murmurs).\n(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=602.5,607.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this is what I'd like to talk about here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=609.58,611.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll start with the (murmurs) Mary with the case of Nigeria,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=611.95,615.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=616.63,617.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then I'll talk briefly 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periods","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=799.88,803.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore less suitable soils for yum","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=803.77,806.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the main traditional crop","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=806.47,808.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that part of the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=808.59,809.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cassava has done a magnificent job","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=809.803,811.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that's why it was such a disaster","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=811.58,813.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=813.38,814.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cassava blight struck.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=814.65,816.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the cassava is grown in mixed 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that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=826.15,828.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Baker and Norman discovered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=828.56,830.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the value of mixed 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cropping,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=858.93,861.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Baker and Norman were working from the IAR,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=861.47,864.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Institute of Agricultural Research in Zaria,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=864.28,866.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they were struck by the fact that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=866.83,868.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in all these years that IAR had been promoting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=868.83,871.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"single cropping and row cropping,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=871.93,873.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"farmers had never taken it up around the research institute,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=873.41,875.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they went and did research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=875.95,877.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they did a very seminal 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get,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=898.09,898.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"diseases and insects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=900.55,901.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't spread as fast in this mixed crop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=901.79,904.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Labor allocation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=904.94,906.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a major problem in Northern Nigeria","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=906.05,908.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is optimally distributed in such a mix.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=908.08,913.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, instead of having these peaks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=913.16,914.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you kind of spread the labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=914.97,916.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So from a labor point of 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economics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=922.05,924.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it turned out to be better than single cropping.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=924.6,928.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in every","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=928.54,929.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"respect,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=929.86,930.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that research in '75 shows that mixed cropping","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=930.693,932.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=932.9,933.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then that same 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too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=937.13,939.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, the people adopting that cassava variety at first were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=939.48,943.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the larger farmers who grew cassava in single stems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=943.41,946.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, the devastation due to this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=946.74,950.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fires was so bad,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=950.8,952.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this blight was so bad","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=952.17,953.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the variety started to spread on its own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=953.7,957.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, one of the things that is very exciting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=957.92,959.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's of interest and if you study the case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=959.86,962.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that after this major effort was done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=962.673,965.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to create the new variety,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=965.64,967.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was no link with research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=967.89,969.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Research was never really enforced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=971.31,972.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, there wasn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=972.84,975.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any official effort to disseminate it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=975.16,977.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Worse, there wasn't any real effort to connect up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=978.41,981.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a vegetative multiplication surface.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=981.81,986.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That only happened years later;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=986.5,988.329"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about six, seven years later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=988.329,989.779"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So when you look at that case, you have a major crisis;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=991.01,993.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have a lot of people involved,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=993.93,995.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of intelligent people involved,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=995.59,998.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there are some very major","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=998.04,1001.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1001.31,1002.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is no anticipation of farmers need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1002.143,1004.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or overlooking a major problem that farmers would have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1004.75,1008.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, nobody is responsible for the end result.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1008.93,1013.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, the researchers have done their job,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1013.5,1015.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they feel good now, Extension is doing the rest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1015.26,1017.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nobody else really informed Extension;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1017.84,1020.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm quoting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1020.1,1020.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm using Johnston Ekperi's research on this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1020.933,1024.227"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he says, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1024.227,1025.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Extension didn't do anything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1025.497,1027.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they weren't informed.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1027.01,1029.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1029.937,1030.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who were doing seed multiplication at the time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1030.97,1032.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a shell kind of farming research agriculture program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1032.96,1037.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was no effort to really multiply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1037.67,1040.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that would, of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1040.21,1041.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be the major bottleneck in the whole thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1041.17,1043.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So when you begin to look at this you say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1043.083,1044.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Hey, wait a minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1044.937,1045.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's going on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1045.77,1046.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, major crisis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1046.603,1048.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no real thinking through,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1048.96,1050.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nobody is responsible for the end result?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1050.3,1052.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very interesting!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1053.458,1054.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a major focus on research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1054.84,1058.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no responsibility for the end results;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1058.05,1060.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no accountability for it, and no real anticipation of need,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1060.53,1064.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and nobody seems to be managing the whole process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1064.57,1067.061"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(paper rustling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1067.061,1068.752"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1068.752,1069.585"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is where, look...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1069.585,1070.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is just one case that you wish I had picked,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1070.67,1073.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, carefully and insensitively to please Mary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1073.19,1075.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope she still likes it after my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1078.294,1080.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(giggles)\nhaving given it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1080.003,1083.295"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's just one example of very many.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1083.295,1086.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm looking at these case studies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1086.18,1088.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that ISNAR did,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1088.343,1089.176"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there quite a lot where this kind of things occur.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1089.176,1091.596"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the funny thing is that you say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1091.596,1093.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"How is it possible that so many intelligent people, PhDs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1093.017,1096.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international Nigerian whatever; the whole lot, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1096.46,1100.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it doesn't add up to anything.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1100.29,1102.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only years later do they take it serious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1102.54,1104.917"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this kind of experience led us to say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1104.917,1108.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Hey, wait a minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1108.467,1109.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We must begin to look at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1109.3,1112.495"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this whole process of research extension farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1112.495,1116.524"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so often","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1116.524,1117.524"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a systems perspective.\n(paper rustling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1120.198,1121.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And let me very briefly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1121.11,1122.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talk to you about the systems perspective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1122.2,1125.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1125.03,1125.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's important as a start","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1127.4,1129.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what I'm going to have to say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1129.4,1131.725"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a perspective, so we're looking at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1131.725,1134.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knowledge systems as we call it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1134.907,1136.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as things that we know exist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1136.42,1138.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we say, \"Let's look at them as if they were a system.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1138.69,1141.456"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And maybe some of them aren't systems yet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1141.456,1144.555"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we have that perspective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1144.555,1146.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which provides us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1146.6,1147.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a number of things that we wouldn't see otherwise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1147.9,1150.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is that we would look at as a whole.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1150.52,1153.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we say, \"A knowledge system is a whole.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1154.317,1157.066"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that means that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1157.066,1158.979"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the performance of the crop is important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1158.979,1161.739"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see, it's not the performance of research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1161.739,1163.662"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the performance of the seed multiplication.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1163.662,1164.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1164.96,1166.521"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a whole thing that makes it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1166.521,1168.126"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we're looking at this as a whole.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1168.126,1170.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the system as a whole has emerging properties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1170.25,1173.628"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is, it has properties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1173.628,1175.718"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which emerge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1175.718,1176.718"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it becomes a system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1177.668,1179.068"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if it is more than (murmurs).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1179.068,1183.918"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At research performance, all the individual.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1183.918,1187.585"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the word for that is synergy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1201.585,1204.176"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the program is more than some of the box.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1204.176,1206.616"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we say soon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1206.616,1207.449"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as has a number of very approachable differentiation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1207.449,1211.866"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course in the beginning, we were very pretty naive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1217.002,1220.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You said research creates the knowledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1220.727,1222.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And especially my belief","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1222.797,1227.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because Mike said, Hey, wait a minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1228.186,1233.186"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he says, also utilize, but still there is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1233.995,1238.995"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And once you have that, to me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1240.41,1245.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it integration and you need to move it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1250.433,1254.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then the third, why would we serve this boat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1257.773,1261.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with extension, extension workers, a nice house?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1264.093,1268.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so what do you need is some special and not research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1273.811,1278.811"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We find that the stroll that create pressure or farm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1279.245,1280.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one of the things is that so much room that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1280.813,1284.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So all those folks to do research in Nigeria","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1300.005,1302.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they talked to SMS, they talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1302.893,1305.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the extent that wasn't the case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1324.783,1327.616"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the U S so the whole, you know, the mode that we use is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1338.733,1343.566"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's where these kind of emotions come in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1348.805,1350.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think if you look at your research, now, why I liked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1350.743,1355.576"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the systems approach is it's an integrated framework.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1358.413,1363.246"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's many, many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1365.725,1370.725"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let's say scientific perspectives that you can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1382.463,1384.594"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can integrate a lot of comparative analysis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1384.594,1385.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I was saying to Mike","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1387.293,1388.885"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Mary we've spent last a few days ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1388.885,1391.314"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we spent with Mike McNulty and his wife","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1391.314,1393.264"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the wife Rose the childcare of a big one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1395.533,1399.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so as an experiment, a different organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1400.514,1404.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the directors of childcare centers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1405.873,1407.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for the teachers, the whole relationships.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1407.183,1412.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, all the characteristics of the knowledge systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1427.048,1429.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are right there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1429.8,1430.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'm saying you can look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1430.91,1432.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at architecture and also in Germany","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1433.322,1436.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other countries about an important aspect of the, most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1440.482,1445.482"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the systems approach is that it allows the diagnostic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1464.072,1468.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some kind of performance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1470.86,1472.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the whole system is better than these guys.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1474.509,1479.509"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there is, there is some kind of ultimate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1481.261,1486.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we liked that very 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number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1493.277,1495.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of tools have you want to, I want to mention is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1495.02,1500.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a tool developed has developed a appraisal for agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1501.75,1506.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we are quite interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1512.619,1517.619"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of these tools are based","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1541.211,1542.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on what I would call the soft systems methodology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1542.87,1545.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The soft systems methodology was developed by,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1546.99,1550.088"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think it's very interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1550.088,1551.335"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the work that you guys are doing here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1551.335,1555.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The sole systems methodology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1559.864,1562.281"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't have really much time to make beautiful overheads.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1564.82,1568.262"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I've filled this out of my own paper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1568.262,1571.902"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The soft systems methodology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1571.902,1573.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is developed by Tecan, an English man","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1573.36,1576.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who said that artists consultants underground works more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1576.02,1581.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or less by itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1586.951,1588.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's got assistance and system is consultant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1588.53,1593.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what this guy has done is to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1598.378,1603.378"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"create a methodology working, identifying the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1605.298,1610.298"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to apply the system perspective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1618.185,1619.018"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"helping people to analyze the situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1619.018,1624.018"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why it doesn't gel with system going back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1626.668,1631.668"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the program and deciding on action.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1632.199,1637.199"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that manual is very much based on the system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1667.779,1672.151"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, that is what I wanted to say about the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1672.151,1674.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"systems approach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1676.07,1677.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And,\n(paper rustling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1678.81,1682.338"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the reason why I wanted to mention it is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1682.338,1685.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the systems approach, for us, is a point of departure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1687.32,1691.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it isn't necessarily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1691.47,1693.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1693.497,1697.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"end all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1699.827,1700.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what I think I should say is that in my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1700.66,1704.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"visit to the US here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1704.42,1705.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have moved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1705.7,1706.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from thinking that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1707.93,1708.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the systems approach was really the end all of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1708.82,1712.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my work to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1714.52,1716.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a new perspective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1716.317,1717.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me,\n(paper rustling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1719.266,1720.306"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you know a number of examples,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1720.306,1722.008"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm trying to look for my original over head,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1722.008,1723.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1723.877,1725.127"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1727.431,1728.316"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me now give you a number for examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1728.316,1731.696"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of knowledge systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1731.696,1732.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just to give you an idea of how different they are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1732.62,1737.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of; and I'd like you to listen for that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1737.15,1740.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the nature of the institutions involved,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1740.3,1744.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the nature of the processes involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1744.78,1746.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the nature of the innovations involved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1746.81,1748.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Remember those three things that I mentioned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1748.5,1750.236"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, let me give you this examples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1750.236,1751.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First example is again from Nigeria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1751.883,1754.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is about the kola nut.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1755.43,1757.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The kola nut had never been touched.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1759.45,1764.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And\n(clanking)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1765.61,1767.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Dutchman","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1767.19,1768.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then decided to do something about the kola nut.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1769.03,1770.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The kola nut is a very interesting nut.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1770.08,1772.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a red about this big, a red nut.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1772.567,1775.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when you come into the house,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1775.107,1778.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the owner of the house will give the nut to break,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1778.18,1782.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that each person takes a little bite of the nut;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1782.84,1785.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's bitter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1785.34,1786.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if he's very nice, he gives you a little bit of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1786.49,1788.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"peanut butter and pilipili mixed up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1788.55,1790.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you eat it and then that kinda","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1790.81,1792.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"creates a spirit of welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1792.94,1794.444"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Am I saying it right, Mary?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1794.444,1796.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's roughly something like that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1796.0,1797.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is it?\n(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1797.15,1798.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then drivers eat it because they want to stay awake.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1798.3,1802.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, it's got that kind of qualities to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1802.497,1804.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's a kind of stimulant like coffee, I guess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1804.007,1807.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The kola nut grows in the forest, on trees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1807.38,1809.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what this researcher did,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1809.46,1811.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he went to the farmers and said, \"Where is your best tree?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1811.8,1816.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is your best tree, and why?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1816.4,1818.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So he went to a number of farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1818.743,1820.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and got from each of these best trees, some seeds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1820.61,1824.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And within a few years with a very simple breeding program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1824.87,1827.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he got the productivity of kola nuts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1827.41,1829.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up to 700% more than traditional.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1829.41,1831.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I asked him, \"Why the hell, what is the use of that?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1833.53,1836.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1836.447,1837.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which is a nasty question to ask, of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1837.28,1838.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it has absolutely no use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1838.84,1840.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it's going to make all these poor farmers bred-less","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1840.37,1842.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except for a few.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1842.86,1844.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, what is it shows is that, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1844.16,1848.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using these knowledge of this farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1851.06,1853.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you could really make a fantastic huge advance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1853.98,1857.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this case, I think it wasn't such a useful one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1857.25,1859.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but still, an advance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1859.26,1861.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'd like you to look at the process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1861.32,1864.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is rather listening to farmers, consulting with them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1864.02,1867.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, going to the field, the involvement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1868.9,1872.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, let's say the institutions evolved was this researcher","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1872.2,1875.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a fairly simple training program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1875.33,1878.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and farmers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1878.61,1879.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, so that's fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1880.65,1882.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another example, the next one is the study clubs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1882.23,1884.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the most advanced forms of agriculture in Holland","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1888.726,1890.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is glass house farming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1890.38,1891.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now I am saying farming, I shouldn't say that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1891.74,1894.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's really a very intensive type of agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=1894.01,1897.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pot plants, 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no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2009.167,2011.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every hot house is an experiment station.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2013.05,2015.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We do our experiments (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2015.84,2017.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We exchange a lot of information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2019.13,2021.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all we want Extension to do is 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that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2027.19,2028.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that was very interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2029.15,2030.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it shows you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2030.037,2031.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again, if you look at process innovation and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2031.573,2034.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the type of institutions 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yourself.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2165.13,2167.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they never told the farmers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2167.38,2168.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Here, we know 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KARI.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2187.67,2189.755"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that, again, a totally different approach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2189.755,2192.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I must say 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manager","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2200.72,2202.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looked at this whole thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2202.81,2203.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She said, \"Research is not involved,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2203.76,2205.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Science in hardly testing this.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2205.93,2207.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, how can we really proceed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2207.6,2208.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, it's very unfair to the farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2208.94,2210.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we don't have science doing this, you 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India,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2235.527,2237.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just to please you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2238.6,2240.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, I'm a (murmurs) first 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did,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2289.98,2293.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was to work with them on the development of tree planting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2293.11,2296.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for commercial charcoal 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work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2321.69,2324.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved their own collaboration;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2325.2,2327.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could they trust the others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2327.53,2329.444"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would the thing breakup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2329.444,2330.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because somebody would run with the money?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2330.44,2333.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It involved risk of higher costs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2333.02,2335.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and officials who could, you 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cooperative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2361.42,2362.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at each town they had experimental plots.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2362.94,2366.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they work in each of these town,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2366.32,2368.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how to grow these trees in these seedlings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2368.18,2370.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this very salty soils.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2370.29,2372.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And just let me give you an example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2373.44,2374.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of one of the bits of research they gave.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2374.55,2376.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At one time, there was a big discussion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2379.11,2381.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2381.51,2382.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the role of irrigation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2383.75,2385.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And some of them had fields","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2385.99,2387.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they have made a little bun and a little canal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2390.135,2393.026"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and others they had the flat fields.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2393.026,2394.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, here they had planted the seedlings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2394.38,2397.457"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and here the had planted the seedlings like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2397.457,2401.392"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, then one guy said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2401.392,2403.464"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"We bad that experiences with irrigating in this area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2403.464,2407.586"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and people weren't sure,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2407.586,2409.484"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a big discussion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2409.484,2410.655"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So then they did an experiment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2410.655,2413.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they irrigated this land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2413.16,2415.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and find out what the difference was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2417.11,2419.314"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, the differences was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2419.314,2420.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you had the salt over here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2420.147,2421.935"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the irrigation just pushed all the salt down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2421.935,2425.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so this was fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2425.753,2426.586"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What happened here was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2426.586,2428.404"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the water in this little channel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2428.404,2430.254"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pushed the salt down there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2431.364,2433.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But when it became evaporating after the irrigation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2433.61,2436.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2436.3,2437.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this pulls it down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2437.133,2438.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's the kind of micro salt management","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2439.75,2443.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that these people got involved in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2443.26,2445.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Formal research, zilch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2445.03,2447.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they went to formal research,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2447.25,2448.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of the recommendations didn't really work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2448.6,2450.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, so this kind of stuff, these guys worked 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methodology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2456.455,2461.455"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for working together in one experiment station.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2461.64,2464.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that experiment station would be the place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2464.85,2467.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they would discuss their experiences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2467.59,2470.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do the collective research and so on;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2470.16,2472.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"studies experimentation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2472.31,2473.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So again, a very crucial factor is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2473.8,2476.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discussion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2476.58,2478.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bargaining,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2478.2,2479.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working together and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2479.26,2481.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2481.85,2483.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2483.18,2484.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've given a number of\n(paper rustling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2486.175,2487.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cases...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2487.61,2488.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I see I've messed up my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2489.56,2490.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beautiful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2494.67,2495.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outline.\n(footsteps)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2495.99,2497.746"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I now want to talk briefly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2497.746,2499.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about some concepts for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2499.023,2501.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"indigenous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2502.04,2502.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knowledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2503.73,2504.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think I'm going to use these case studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2505.56,2508.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try and emphasize again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2508.02,2510.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some main issues that I see as important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2510.0,2513.484"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for indigenous knowledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2513.484,2514.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is the...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2514.83,2516.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And let me just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2517.004,2518.156"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leave this first part here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2518.156,2520.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is, as I said that I see is very crucial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2520.853,2523.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's coming out of this that one must look at,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2525.002,2527.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not just the innovation; the outcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2527.64,2531.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if I may be a bit critical I think some times","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2531.204,2534.284"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the end (mumbles) of people about indigenous knowledge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2534.284,2537.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the emphasis is on, what great things can be achieved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2537.503,2540.852"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with traditional models.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2540.852,2541.834"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that is the desire from the traditional model.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2541.834,2543.832"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think that we must also look at the knowledge process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2543.832,2547.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the institutional configuration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2547.423,2550.194"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the three seem to hang together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2550.194,2552.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the type of innovation, and the type of processes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2552.78,2556.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the type of institutional configurations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2556.83,2560.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seem to require a certain consistency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2560.86,2564.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I give you the most famous type consistency,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2565.237,2568.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2568.47,2569.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the desired innovation is a variety,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2571.77,2574.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like I gave you the example from the cassava.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2576.06,2579.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where knowledge process is transferred","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2579.0,2580.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and where tuition configuration, and I'm going to quote","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2582.21,2586.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my mentor and a man I respect tremendously","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2588.16,2590.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think I now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2590.66,2592.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the library","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2597.194,2598.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's the research orders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2600.431,2605.431"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the model that we can use and it's still system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2611.634,2616.634"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can look.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2617.943,2618.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what I like to do is to say now, \"What would be required","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2649.066,2654.066"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to be specific, would be required to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2658.493,2661.785"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provide an optimal environment for generations.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2661.785,2666.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what I'd like to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2668.63,2671.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, I don't think I be very successful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2671.08,2674.495"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the points that I'm going to first is to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2674.495,2678.412"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mention two alternative models,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2682.865,2685.794"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just to give you an idea of how different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2685.794,2689.444"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can think about things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2689.444,2694.444"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for some of you, this might be old hack but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2694.72,2696.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I doubt it because,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2696.87,2698.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for myself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2698.88,2699.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this models were quite new and interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2700.61,2703.059"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(clanking)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2703.059,2703.892"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first one is the chain-linked model.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2703.892,2707.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that phrase was coined,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2708.81,2710.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the two guys called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2710.05,2711.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Klein and Rosenberg.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2713.37,2714.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By the way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2714.33,2715.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've got a slightly different version of this paper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2715.163,2717.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mike has a copy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2718.69,2719.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if anybody's interested, Mike has the copy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2719.57,2721.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2721.77,2722.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the references to people that are referring to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2722.603,2726.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very little of this original, of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2726.57,2728.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all I've done is put this together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2728.33,2730.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, Klein and Rosenberg have been summarizing the research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2730.57,2735.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on commercial innovation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2736.5,2738.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that is an area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2739.01,2740.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of research we agriculturalists don't look at too often,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2740.0,2743.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yet very interesting one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2743.17,2744.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because what has happened since I did my PhD anyway","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2744.53,2748.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that Japan has taken over as the world leader","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2748.04,2750.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the most competitive producer of industrial goods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2750.63,2753.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this has created the number of shock waves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2754.8,2757.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the US and other Western countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2757.15,2759.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that all kinds of research centers have been set up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2759.11,2761.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How the hell is this possible?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2761.41,2763.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We with our research, our advance, our and this that...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2763.35,2766.675"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese don't have anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2766.675,2767.656"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't have very much research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2767.656,2769.496"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or fundamental or basic research, they don't,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2769.496,2771.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they're much better at making Walkmans, cars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2771.77,2774.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or anything you want to mention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2774.01,2775.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, that led to a lot of research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2775.707,2778.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what Klein and Rosenberg did is to look at this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2778.52,2783.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of the interesting things is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2783.12,2784.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they debunked the linear model","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2784.51,2787.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even more than you guys do here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2787.49,2789.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So quite interesting to get some fresh ideas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2789.79,2791.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on how to debunk the linear model, if I may give you a hint.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2791.89,2795.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One thing that comes out of it is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2796.84,2798.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"technology is not applied science.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2798.94,2801.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, what they find in the industry is very interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2801.38,2804.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for indigenous knowledge is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2804.147,2807.097"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/956","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much of research is fed by technology development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2808.11,2811.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/957","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So technology development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2811.95,2812.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a different process from research,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2812.783,2815.726"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's all kinds of ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2815.726,2816.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which research benefits from technology development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2816.81,2819.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and technology development doesn't come from researchers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2819.787,2822.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, it comes from all kinds of people:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2822.18,2823.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"customers, workshop managers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2823.8,2826.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"floor guys with helmet; blue helmets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2826.46,2828.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how you call these guys?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2828.72,2829.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, those kinds of people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2829.88,2832.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/967","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so it's very important,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2832.3,2833.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experiences and research they have in this area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2836.41,2839.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what they say is, in that model,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2839.74,2842.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'll show you the model is that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2842.07,2843.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(clears throat)\nbasically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2845.211,2846.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they say that research...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=2849.11,2850.887"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28041/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/041/original/AV204008_The_Role_of_Indigenous_Knowledge_in_International_Development_a.vtt?1622637755","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/041/original/AV204008_The_Role_of_Indigenous_Knowledge_in_International_Development_a.vtt?1622637755"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28042","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204008_The_Role_of_Indigenous_Knowledge_in_International_Development_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129/transcript/28042/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Host] Thank you Mr. Good evening ladies and gentlemen. I have the pleasure of introducing to you, the distinct speaker of this evening, Professor Neils Rowling. Dr. Rowling is a senior lecturer and former head of the department of Extension Science at the Agricultural University back then in the Netherlands. In 1963, Dr. Rowling received his MSc in Rural Sociology from Agricultural University of Wageningen. In '70, he received his PhD in Communications from Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. From '65 to '67, Dr. Rowling served as a project leader of the AAD research project on the diffusion of innovations in rural societies in Eastern Nigeria. From '73 to '78 as an associate professor at the department of Extension Education, Agricultural Institute of Wageningen, Dr. Rowling charged a committee to develop extension training programs for developing countries. From '81 to '84, he was the director of Extension Education at Agricultural Institute of Wageningen. From '83 to '89, he served as professor in another department at the same university. Throughout this period, Dr. Rowling has conducted interact and developing assignments for USAID, UFID, UNESCO, The World Bank and the Dutch ministry of Darpan Cooperation in almost all the parts of the continent, in the globe: Kenya, Sudan, Ghana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Turkey, Yemen, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Costa Rica, Philippines and India. Dr. Rowling is an author of two books related to International Extension Science. Recently, Dr. Rowling has been actively involved in, investigating indigenous knowledge appropriate for sustainable development in third world countries. He is serving as a member of the External Advisory Committee of CGAD. This visit is Dr. Rowling's second to Iowa State University. Previously, he delivered the Seventh Annual Food Lecture sponsored by the World Food Institute of ISU. Ladies and gentlemen, please join with me in welcoming Prof. Neils Rowling.\r\n\r\n- [Prof. Rowling] I know who I'm going to ask to be the next writer of my CV. That's very certain. Although I'm equally pleased to be here, as you can imagine, it's an overwhelming experience to enter what I call the C-card environment. And, Marie and Mike Warren are of course largely to be blamed for that. But, so many other people have been making us very welcome and I feel very happy to be here and very pleased. And as a result I've found myself trying to do a good for tonight since I've been. I think some more hospitality of Mike and Mary; I'm not sure whether that will succeed, and they're entirely to blame if I wouldn't. He mentioned I was here in '82 for this, World Food Lecture. I came then and, what they did for me at World Food Lecture is to allow me to travel to Hawaii where I... I enjoyed the food lecture too, but in addition, I got a little bit of money to travel to Hawaii where an illustrious son of this university organized conference on knowledge, generation exchange and utilization. And I mentioned that because I'll be talking a little bit about him. But that conference, and Dr. Ebbit; that's the first time we met there, that conference organized by George Bill; the rural sociologist, I think he has retired by now, led to a book called Knowledge Generation Exchanging Utilization. And, that book, participating in the conference and the book has really influenced me and indirectly also our departments to take up that whole issue of knowledge utilization which I consider a very important issue, and I've gone so far now that I think that the study of human; the use of knowledge and the generation of knowledge and the sharing of knowledge is as important for our human survival as is ecology and as is economics and such subjects. So you can imagine that I'm also very interested in the whole area of indigenous knowledge but this conference organized by George Bill was my first real exposure to it. And we met all kinds of people there, like Ronald Havelock who was mentioned here earlier. Another guy who was there was Herbert Lionberger; one of the very first students of this and I'll come back to him and just very briefly also. Okay, so that's my second reason why I'm very happy to be here. Third reason is one I have to explain a little bit. I always phone my mother on Sundays, you know, being on sabbatical. We want as millions of miles away from my mother and my mother is now 83, so I phone on Sundays. And she asked where I am, so I tried to explain, \"This is Iowa, it's different from Ohio, you know.\" I want to be different from, who was it? Reagan or Johnson who made this guff. So I said this, she said, \"Oh!\" She said, \"Ames.\" And, that happens that my father in 1948, my father who was a painter, you know, the painter of paintings like this, he didn't make very much money after the war. So he made a trip to the US to find new markets for his paintings. And on the boat he met a guy called Spedding who was working here on atomic research or something, probably, you know, laying the foundations for bomb. And, they liked each other and my father was invited so he got to Ames. And, as long as I remember, my mother has had a little Indian corn cob, you know, lying on the, you know, chimney's mantle. And she said, \"It's from Ames.\" So, suddenly there was this connection with my youth. So, that was very unexpected but very interesting. Okay, so now you used to my Dutch English, and I can go on. What I'd like to talk about a little bit is mainly what I've learned myself during my sabbatical. Janice and I are on sabbatical, and we have benefited an awful lot from being here in the US so far. And I've been working on an assignment for ISNAR, which is the International Service for National Agricultural Research. And ISNAR has a project called Research Technology Transfer Linkages, which in normal terms would be research extension linkages, but the word extension is no longer very acceptable. So, when Mike was saying I'm an extension roommate of somebody, I thought, \"Oh my God, there's nobody gonna show up tonight because it's dead.\" The fact that you're all here it means it's not so that, but anyway, in many international organizations they're now using technology transfer as a more hard and better term. Well, we've heard a lot about the linear model and I'll say a little bit about it but, it shows you that is very much the kind of thinking in which this project started. It has changed a lot. During its life, this project; although it still has the same name, a number of case studies were carried out in six countries as a part of this project, and my specific task was to look at the nature of linkages on the one hand and the nature of technologies on the other under the assumption that the type of technology would influence the type of linkage and vice versa. So, that's what I've been looking at and I got very excited in the process, and I'm going to tell you a little bit about it. It's become a very interesting exploration, actually. And so it's a sabbatical after six years. as head of department heads, I think, done what it was supposed to do. I'll start with some of the ideas that I have about the knowledge system. And with that, I want to go right back to where we were in 1989. And some of you have read I think a paper I did with Paul Angone in the Washington conference that Mike organized together with the Academy for Educational Development. And there, we were also talking about knowledge systems. So I want to start with that but I want to then continue and share a little bit of the thinking that we think I've developed during this sabbatical. And what I'd like to do very much is to look at institutional configurations, at knowledge processes and at innovations, look at those three things, and look at them from the point of view of how can we create an optimal environment; an optimal indigenous knowledge environment; an optimal environment for the creation exchange and the utilization of indigenous knowledge, and that is what I will try and do. Now, I don't ever dare to compete with Janice in the nature of her beautiful , so I've got this hopeless stuff here and I've be threatened to actually have better ones but, of course, I'm not gonna have that one. I can't be . So this is what I'd like to talk about here. I'll start with the Mary with the case of Nigeria, and then I'll talk briefly about this notion of knowledge systems. Then I'll talk a little bit more about another number of case studies. And the idea behind that is to show very different configurations that can occur in practice. And then I want to deal a little bit with concepts that I think are crucial for understanding the indigenous knowledge environment. I'm going to talk about some alternatives that come out of completely different traditions just to blow your minds a little bit. And then I'd like to zoom in on what I think might be some relevant lessons for creating that indigenous knowledge environment. So first this case, TMS30572, and that is a cassava variety which was bred in Nigeria. What happened was this. In 1971, the IITA, the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture in Ibadan started it's a root and tuber improvement program. And lo and behold, in 1972, cassava bacterial blight broke out. And, some people even hinted there might be a connection. The devastation was very considerable. In 1973, in fact, it was very very considerable and people spoke of a national disaster. And therefore, in 1974, the national committee was called of the Root and Tubers Research Institute at Umudike of the more plantation. IITA was involved. It was really serious. You know, this was a serious crisis. And, the decision was made to really attack this problem. And I must say that in 1976 a new variety was available for farmers, this variety. And the variety had a number of very important characteristics. It was resistant to bacterial blight, it was high yielding. It had a fantastic characteristic; it formed a very dense canopy, so it's smothered weeds growing underneath. So the researchers were very pleased to have done a fantastic job. And I must say that in so few years, you know, to have mobilized all this germ plasm or whatever and done this is quite an achievement. There are a few problems. One is that cassava, which has been introduced many many years ago in the country and is a major new kind of crop, which has solved the problem of decreasing soil fertility with increased population, decreasing fallow periods and therefore less suitable soils for yum which is the main traditional crop in that part of the country. Cassava has done a magnificent job so that's why it was such a disaster when this cassava blight struck. But the cassava is grown in mixed cropping. So here you have IITA; in the same year, and we'll come back to that, that Baker and Norman discovered the value of mixed cropping; developing a crop which shades plants in the mixed cropping and has a very dense canopy which means farmers must now plant wider apart. So, it was an example of lack of attention, and I'd call that lack of anticipation of technology and the lack of attention to the way farmers were farming. And when I say it is ironic that this happened in the same year that Baker and Norman discovered mixed cropping, Baker and Norman were working from the IAR, the Institute of Agricultural Research in Zaria, and they were struck by the fact that in all these years that IAR had been promoting single cropping and row cropping, farmers had never taken it up around the research institute, so they went and did research. And they did a very seminal paper. I think it was in around '75, on the reasons why farmers were doing mixed. And the reasons were that you have different crops in a mix so that if it rains; this crop does very well, if it doesn't rain; that crop does very well, so you have your risks; you spread your risks. You get, diseases and insects don't spread as fast in this mixed crop. Labor allocation, which is a major problem in Northern Nigeria is optimally distributed in such a mix. So, instead of having these peaks, you kind of spread the labor. So from a labor point of view, the minimal factor is very well distributed. And also in terms of money and economics, it turned out to be better than single cropping. So in every respect, that research in '75 shows that mixed cropping was the thing. And then that same year, the cassava variety was developed which had the dense canopy too. So, the people adopting that cassava variety at first were the larger farmers who grew cassava in single stems. But, the devastation due to this fires was so bad, this blight was so bad that the variety started to spread on its own. Now, one of the things that is very exciting, it's of interest and if you study the case, is that after this major effort was done to create the new variety, there was no link with research. Research was never really enforced. So, there wasn't any official effort to disseminate it. Worse, there wasn't any real effort to connect up with a vegetative multiplication surface. That only happened years later; about six, seven years later. So when you look at that case, you have a major crisis; you have a lot of people involved, a lot of intelligent people involved, and there are some very major problems. One is no anticipation of farmers need or overlooking a major problem that farmers would have. Secondly, nobody is responsible for the end result. You know, the researchers have done their job, they feel good now, Extension is doing the rest, nobody else really informed Extension; and I'm quoting, I'm using Johnston Ekperi's research on this. And he says, you know, \"Extension didn't do anything because they weren't informed.\" The only people who were doing seed multiplication at the time was a shell kind of farming research agriculture program. There was no effort to really multiply and that would, of course, be the major bottleneck in the whole thing. So when you begin to look at this you say, \"Hey, wait a minute. What's going on? You know, major crisis, no real thinking through, nobody is responsible for the end result?\" Very interesting! There is a major focus on research. There is no responsibility for the end results; no accountability for it, and no real anticipation of need, and nobody seems to be managing the whole process. So, that is where, look... And this is just one case that you wish I had picked, you know, carefully and insensitively to please Mary. I hope she still likes it after my having given it but it's just one example of very many. I'm looking at these case studies, that ISNAR did, and there quite a lot where this kind of things occur. And the funny thing is that you say, \"How is it possible that so many intelligent people, PhDs, international Nigerian whatever; the whole lot, you know, it doesn't add up to anything.\" Only years later do they take it serious. So this kind of experience led us to say, \"Hey, wait a minute. We must begin to look at this whole process of research extension farmers and so often from a systems perspective. And let me very briefly talk to you about the systems perspective because I think it's important as a start of what I'm going to have to say. It's a perspective, so we're looking at knowledge systems as we call it as things that we know exist, we say, \"Let's look at them as if they were a system.\" And maybe some of them aren't systems yet but we have that perspective which provides us with a number of things that we wouldn't see otherwise. One is that we would look at as a whole. So we say, \"A knowledge system is a whole.\" And that means that the performance of the crop is important. You see, it's not the performance of research or the performance of the seed multiplication. No, it's a whole thing that makes it. So we're looking at this as a whole. And the system as a whole has emerging properties, that is, it has properties which emerge if it becomes a system and if it is more than . At research performance, all the individual. So the word for that is synergy for the program is more than some of the box. And we say soon as has a number of very approachable differentiation. And of course in the beginning, we were very pretty naive. You said research creates the knowledge. And especially my belief because Mike said, Hey, wait a minute. And he says, also utilize, but still there is. And once you have that, to me it integration and you need to move it. Then the third, why would we serve this boat with extension, extension workers, a nice house? And so what do you need is some special and not research. We find that the stroll that create pressure or farm and one of the things is that so much room that. So all those folks to do research in Nigeria and they talked to SMS, they talk to the extent that wasn't the case in the U S so the whole, you know, the mode that we use is and that's where these kind of emotions come in. And I think if you look at your research, now, why I liked that the systems approach is it's an integrated framework. There's many, many let's say scientific perspectives that you can you can integrate a lot of comparative analysis. As I was saying to Mike and Mary we've spent last a few days ago we spent with Mike McNulty and his wife and the wife Rose the childcare of a big one. And so as an experiment, a different organization for the directors of childcare centers and for the teachers, the whole relationships. You know, all the characteristics of the knowledge systems are right there. So I'm saying you can look at architecture and also in Germany and other countries about an important aspect of the, most of the systems approach is that it allows the diagnostic. Some kind of performance on the whole system is better than these guys. So there is, there is some kind of ultimate. So we liked that very much because it allows us do taken the diet. And in fact, now a number of tools have you want to, I want to mention is a tool developed has developed a appraisal for agriculture. So we are quite interesting. Most of these tools are based on what I would call the soft systems methodology. The soft systems methodology was developed by, and I think it's very interesting for the work that you guys are doing here. The sole systems methodology, I didn't have really much time to make beautiful overheads. So I've filled this out of my own paper. The soft systems methodology is developed by Tecan, an English man who said that artists consultants underground works more or less by itself. It's got assistance and system is consultant. So what this guy has done is to create a methodology working, identifying the problem trying to apply the system perspective helping people to analyze the situation why it doesn't gel with system going back to the program and deciding on action. So that manual is very much based on the system. Okay, that is what I wanted to say about the systems approach. And, the reason why I wanted to mention it is that the systems approach, for us, is a point of departure but it isn't necessarily the end all. And what I think I should say is that in my visit to the US here, I have moved from thinking that the systems approach was really the end all of my work to a new perspective. Let me, if you know a number of examples, and I'm trying to look for my original over head, I think it's... There it is. Let me now give you a number for examples of knowledge systems, just to give you an idea of how different they are in terms of; and I'd like you to listen for that, in terms of the nature of the institutions involved, the nature of the processes involved and the nature of the innovations involved. Remember those three things that I mentioned. So, let me give you this examples. First example is again from Nigeria. It is about the kola nut. The kola nut had never been touched. And a Dutchman then decided to do something about the kola nut. The kola nut is a very interesting nut. It's a red about this big, a red nut. And when you come into the house, the owner of the house will give the nut to break, and that each person takes a little bite of the nut; it's bitter. And if he's very nice, he gives you a little bit of peanut butter and pilipili mixed up. And you eat it and then that kinda creates a spirit of welcome. Am I saying it right, Mary? It's roughly something like that, is it? Then drivers eat it because they want to stay awake. You know, it's got that kind of qualities to it. So it's a kind of stimulant like coffee, I guess. The kola nut grows in the forest, on trees. And what this researcher did, he went to the farmers and said, \"Where is your best tree? What is your best tree, and why?\" So he went to a number of farmers and got from each of these best trees, some seeds. And within a few years with a very simple breeding program, he got the productivity of kola nuts up to 700% more than traditional. I asked him, \"Why the hell, what is the use of that?\" Which is a nasty question to ask, of course, because it has absolutely no use because it's going to make all these poor farmers bred-less except for a few. But, what is it shows is that, you know, using these knowledge of this farmers you could really make a fantastic huge advance. In this case, I think it wasn't such a useful one, but still, an advance. And I'd like you to look at the process which is rather listening to farmers, consulting with them, you know, going to the field, the involvement, well, let's say the institutions evolved was this researcher with a fairly simple training program and farmers. Okay, so that's fine. Another example, the next one is the study clubs. One of the most advanced forms of agriculture in Holland is glass house farming. And now I am saying farming, I shouldn't say that. It's really a very intensive type of agriculture, pot plants, flowers. A lot of the flowers you buy here come out of the process, and vegetables. We are competing with Columbia to be the importers into the US for flowers. And these guys, you would say this is such an intensive thing. They need information on energy conservation on varieties, diseases, you know, in those hot houses there's lots of problems and so on and so forth. It's very complicated, using computers and so on. The main form in which they receive and exchange knowledge is as follows. They have study clubs. And when I saw your farmers today, the practical farmers, it made me think of a study club in Holland. Because, what are these? These guys come together; they're part of a large organization and the organization kind of creates little groups, voluntary groups, who will meet one or two seasons around a problem, let's say intensive pest management in a hot house through biological controls. And they will spend two seasons looking at this. And, what they do, they come to each other's hot houses, look at everything; books open, money, energy's expended, everything is open. There's a lot of record keeping so, you know, everything is available, and they talk together. Now, what is interesting is how they look at this themselves. And it came out when the Extension Service was privatized, our Dutch Extension services, the whole story in itself was privatized. And, so then it was going to cost money. And then the thing was, what is the function of the extension Service in these study clubs? What they have been doing is to convene them to be the secretary. And the question was, what is the functionality? And the Extension Services itself wanted to be the technical input . You know, that's what the Extension Service wanted to be. And what the farmer said, what they did these members, they said, \"No, no. Every hot house is an experiment station. We do our experiments . We exchange a lot of information and all we want Extension to do is convene the secretary and create the opportunity. We can't pay for that. So that was very interesting. And it shows you, again, if you look at process innovation and the type of institutions involved: there's the foundation of the farmers themselves which organizes them, there's these study clubs, there's the Extension worker as a facilitator and the processes are largely discussion; learning from each other and so on and so forth. Okay, another example. This time in Kenya, agroforestry project. Janice and I spent quite some time in Cornell, and there we were very jealous about the quality of some of the PhDs and hadn't been long enough here to really get jealous although I'm getting a little jealous already, but we stayed for four or five months in Cornell and we got very jealous of the quality of some of the PhD students that these guys there have, these colleagues of mine. And one of these of the PhD students was a lady of my age who'd been a manager of an agroforestry project in Kenya. And she's written it all up, and what they did was very interesting. They started in '83 and by '88 they had some 600 women's groups and primary schools involved in nurseries. Altogether, some 100,000 households were planting trees. They had 23 different, let's say, interventions; different forms of using trees. 36 species were involved. Altogether, 9 million seedlings were planted. And the thing was so successful that after one year the response to the farmers was so enthusiastic that they had to change the whole planning of the project and go into a rapid implementation and all kinds of things which maybe were not so good in the end, but that's what they did. None of the technologies they used underwent formal testing by research or anything like that. So what they did, they had a number of technologies which the farmers had already developed themselves, like hedge planting and a number of other things which they disseminated because they had been tested sufficiency by farmers. Then a number of other technologies they weren't so sure about, what they did, they said, \"This is the best bet, you guys go and test it yourself.\" So they never told the farmers, \"Here, we know what... You know, you go try and find out what's the best bet.\" So they did that and, of course what they installed as an institutional framework is a very careful evaluation of the experiences of these farmers so that they could col' out the best or kind of collect the best experiences and, you know, give out to KARI. So that, again, a totally different approach. I must say that one of the interesting things about this project is the cause, let's say the uncertainty with which this woman who would be the manager looked at this whole thing. She said, \"Research is not involved, Science in hardly testing this.\" You know, how can we really proceed? You know, it's very unfair to the farmers if we don't have science doing this, you know. In other words, the farmers can't, you know... It's a bit tricky to let them decide themselves. And another thing was that, because of the tremendous success, it wasn't so easy to keep up that careful evaluation which was not . Nevertheless, as a model, I think it's very interesting to think about that case. Now, the last case I want to mention is the case from Gujarat, India, just to please you. You know, I'm a first order and this is about a scheduled cast to who have always been weavers, but traditional weavers, but who move to agriculture and these guys and women; but I think the men were doing most of the agriculture initially, were farming on very salt land, extremely salt land. So what they did is they had developed a certain taxonomy of the soils, like Mike has been talking about these things, you know, they knew about, let's say salt soils but then there was also a soil was very high pH which they knew the difference between those things and so on. So they had developed a certain amount of indigenous knowledge and what this NGO which worked with with them did, was to work with them on the development of tree planting for commercial charcoal production. And the NGO noticed that it would be impossible to utilize this land if it couldn't be consolidated. So then, they formed cooperative to consolidate the land. And secondly, they also began to look at the risks involved in working together. Now the risks involved, natural risk; wouldn't maybe work, involved their own collaboration; could they trust the others. Would the thing breakup because somebody would run with the money? It involved risk of higher costs and officials who could, you know, steal things and you know, the whole... So all these risks and everything, and in the end they accepted this NGO and said, \"If you agree to stay with us for 10 years and if you provide us a loan; which if it doesn't work we don't have to pay back, and if you handle our money, you see, under those conditions they agreed to work together. So they had these cooperatives. So each town was a cooperative and at each town they had experimental plots. So they work in each of these town, how to grow these trees in these seedlings in this very salty soils. And just let me give you an example of one of the bits of research they gave. At one time, there was a big discussion about the role of irrigation. And some of them had fields where they have made a little bun and a little canal and others they had the flat fields. So, here they had planted the seedlings and here the had planted the seedlings like that. So, then one guy said, \"We bad that experiences with irrigating in this area and people weren't sure,\" a big discussion. So then they did an experiment and they irrigated this land and find out what the difference was. Well, the differences was, if you had the salt over here, the irrigation just pushed all the salt down, so this was fine. What happened here was that the water in this little channel pushed the salt down there. But when it became evaporating after the irrigation up here, and this pulls it down. So that's the kind of micro salt management that these people got involved in. Formal research, zilch. When they went to formal research, most of the recommendations didn't really work. You know, so this kind of stuff, these guys worked together. Then they formed an apex organization of these cooperatives and worked out a methodology for working together in one experiment station. And that experiment station would be the place where they would discuss their experiences, do the collective research and so on; studies experimentation. So again, a very crucial factor is discussion, bargaining, working together and so on. Okay. So now, I've given a number of cases... I see I've messed up my beautiful outline. But I now want to talk briefly about some concepts for indigenous knowledge. And I think I'm going to use these case studies to try and emphasize again, some main issues that I see as important for indigenous knowledge. One is the... And let me just leave this first part here. One is, as I said that I see is very crucial that's coming out of this that one must look at, not just the innovation; the outcome. And if I may be a bit critical I think some times in the end of people about indigenous knowledge, the emphasis is on, what great things can be achieved with traditional models. So that is the desire from the traditional model. But I think that we must also look at the knowledge process and the institutional configuration and the three seem to hang together. because the type of innovation, and the type of processes, and the type of institutional configurations seem to require a certain consistency. If I give you the most famous type consistency, it is where the desired innovation is a variety, like I gave you the example from the cassava. Where knowledge process is transferred and where tuition configuration, and I'm going to quote my mentor and a man I respect tremendously but I think I now for the library that's the research orders. the model that we can use and it's still system. We can look. So what I like to do is to say now, \"What would be required and to be specific, would be required to provide an optimal environment for generations.\" That's what I'd like to do. And of course, I don't think I be very successful. One of the points that I'm going to first is to mention two alternative models, just to give you an idea of how different we can think about things. And for some of you, this might be old hack but I doubt it because, for myself this models were quite new and interesting. The first one is the chain-linked model. Now that phrase was coined, the two guys called Klein and Rosenberg. By the way, I've got a slightly different version of this paper. Mike has a copy. So if anybody's interested, Mike has the copy. And in there are the references to people that are referring to. Very little of this original, of course, all I've done is put this together. So, Klein and Rosenberg have been summarizing the research on commercial innovation. Now that is an area of research we agriculturalists don't look at too often, yet very interesting one because what has happened since I did my PhD anyway is that Japan has taken over as the world leader and the most competitive producer of industrial goods. And this has created the number of shock waves in the US and other Western countries, so that all kinds of research centers have been set up. How the hell is this possible? We with our research, our advance, our and this that... Japanese don't have anything. They don't have very much research or fundamental or basic research, they don't, but they're much better at making Walkmans, cars or anything you want to mention. So, that led to a lot of research. And what Klein and Rosenberg did is to look at this. And one of the interesting things is that they debunked the linear model even more than you guys do here. So quite interesting to get some fresh ideas on how to debunk the linear model, if I may give you a hint. One thing that comes out of it is technology is not applied science. In fact, what they find in the industry is very interesting for indigenous knowledge is that much of research is fed by technology development. So technology development is a different process from research, and there's all kinds of ways in which research benefits from technology development, and technology development doesn't come from researchers. No, it comes from all kinds of people: customers, workshop managers, floor guys with helmet; blue helmets, how you call these guys? You know, those kinds of people. And so it's very important, experiences and research they have in this area. And what they say is, in that model, and I'll show you the model is that, basically, they say that research...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116129#t=0.0,2856.096"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV204008_The_Role_of_Indigenous_Knowledge_in_International_Development_b.mp3"]},"duration":2299.32,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/130/small/lecture.png?1622637758","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/116/130/original/AV204008_The_Role_of_Indigenous_Knowledge_in_International_Development_b.mp3?1622637758","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2299.32,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204008_The_Role_of_Indigenous_Knowledge_in_International_Development_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Those kind of people and so it's very important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=5.16,8.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experiences and research they have in this area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=11.29,14.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what they say is in the model","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=14.35,16.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'll show you the model,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=16.93,18.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that basically they say that research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=18.4,22.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doesn't play the role it always did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=27.23,29.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Things don't start with research,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=29.94,31.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not a science to practice competing with all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=31.6,34.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What it is is a process of design that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=34.65,38.822"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(woman speaking off mic)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=38.822,41.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, what we have is a process of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=41.01,46.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we somehow might be something we take care of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=48.056,51.858"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but everywhere I put it, it's not very competitive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=51.858,56.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's a process of design which tries to span","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=56.733,60.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the interface between the potential market","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=60.81,63.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the potential for technology utilization opportunity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=63.32,68.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so there's the market, there is the invention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=71.03,74.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the perfection of the design,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=74.023,75.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is the detailed design and testing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=75.41,77.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is redesign and production distribution and marketing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=77.63,81.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The main process is this one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=81.24,83.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not design specs, it's this design process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=83.983,88.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then a very important part,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=88.19,90.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"various feedback loops for readjusting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=90.78,95.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on with this process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=95.35,96.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Research and extension and knowledge are over here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=98.04,102.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What he says is, science consists of two things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=102.23,105.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a body of knowledge that's the most important thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=105.337,108.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second thing is that it's a methodology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=108.07,109.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which can both be accessed during this process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=109.46,112.917"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these little lines here are showing different ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=112.917,117.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of accessing these.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=117.0,119.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he says this is a much more valid and useful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=119.007,122.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and truthful way of looking at the whole than we did before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=122.807,127.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me give you a little example from, guess what,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=128.597,133.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Nigeria again that illustrates this process at work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=133.56,138.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's again about cassava and it's again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=138.8,141.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my good friend Jones Nick Perry who unearthed this stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=141.95,145.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's about gari making.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=146.8,149.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gari is processed cassava.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=151.003,153.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cassava is a bitter stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=153.58,155.319"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cassava has a lot of hydrocyanic acid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=155.319,159.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyways, it's a nasty acid, you can die from it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=162.89,166.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what you need to do is process this cassava","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=166.03,168.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very carefully.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=168.27,169.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's got a number of steps, It's got steps like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=169.28,172.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to peel it, you have to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=172.48,175.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mary is gonna watch me very carefully is it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=175.44,177.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've got to peel it, you've got to break it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=177.197,180.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you've got to put it in a bag and weigh it down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=180.19,183.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with stones and ferment in the water,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=183.19,185.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you got to dry it, you got to fry it or roast it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=185.32,189.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then that's when you finally have a product","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=189.71,192.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has a shelf life of about six weeks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=192.73,195.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, that was always done by women,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=195.95,198.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"usually women traditionally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=198.83,200.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some women have developed vertically integrated industries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=200.46,204.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They provide credit for women to grow the cassava,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=204.55,207.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they provide credit for handling the cassava,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=207.89,210.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"providing the gari, they have their own lorries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=210.76,213.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they do the marketing, so it's a complete business,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=213.07,215.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, very substantial business,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=215.42,218.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it has become, and this is a very important thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=218.41,220.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just want a little sideline,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=220.153,222.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many developing countries now we see that new markets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=222.29,225.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are developing, urban markets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=225.15,227.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the usual thing is that these urban markets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=228.29,230.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are being usurped by wealthy farmers, ex civil servants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=230.57,234.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those kinds of people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=234.13,235.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, these markets are ideal for creating extra bit of room","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=235.53,240.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for poor people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=240.36,241.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think we should begin to think very seriously","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=241.79,244.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about how we make that room useful for food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=244.41,247.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, so when all this demand came","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=247.61,251.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people started to think about how can we make this gari","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=252.34,255.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into a useful product and how can we improve this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=255.33,258.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"traditional process?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=258.85,259.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in '57 already, there was an organization called FIIRO,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=259.74,263.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I won't bother about what it really means,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=263.717,265.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big government organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=265.72,268.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they worked on a process and they got a British firm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=268.0,271.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Newell Dunford Incorporated, to make a prototype","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=273.16,277.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was ready by 1960 for I think it was is a ton a day,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=277.24,281.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no 10 tons a day, sorry, 10 tons a 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big,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=372.03,377.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of these English Newell Dunford plants, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=378.36,381.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one per state which would do so many tons 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RAIDS,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=394.36,396.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rural Agricultural Industrial Development Scheme,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=396.42,400.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was partly financed by the World Bank,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=400.42,402.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it did a very interesting thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=402.51,404.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It developed a very small 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prototype,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=409.38,411.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then to actually put it out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=411.06,413.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the whole thing was, in the end I think they 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day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=420.7,421.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that was still too big but one of the great things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=423.45,427.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they did was to, one of the very great things they did,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=427.28,431.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was to make prototypes of each of the stages of the process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=431.617,435.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they made drawings of each of the technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=435.65,439.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for each of the stages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=439.94,441.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what happened was that local smith, smiths","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=441.2,444.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and local people could now develop their own technologies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=444.19,447.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"changed from iron to wood and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=447.93,450.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'm giving you this long example to illustrate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=450.83,453.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, you know, this thinly model is much more 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,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=624.879,628.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the, you know, you name it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=628.37,629.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe 15 department in the world I can talk 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it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=679.89,681.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much more than this disciplinary science.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=681.89,683.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So these people are become very important parts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=683.76,686.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the configuration of institutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=686.74,689.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, I want to now give you this complete","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=691.498,695.081"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different components I want to briefly say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=695.081,697.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a number of things about what I considered points","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=697.23,700.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the environment for indigenous knowledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=703.06,707.487"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because I think that these points I've been 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different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=726.41,728.987"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Personally, as I said, I think we can not avoid that issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=730.1,734.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I want to look at that last chapter in my 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configurations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=741.5,746.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the processes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=746.61,751.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me start you with innovations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=753.12,755.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I said, I think that most of us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=755.02,757.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I find myself doing this so that's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=757.78,759.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why I dare to say this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=759.26,760.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of us use the variety as the implicit prototype","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=760.56,765.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a innovation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=767.94,769.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We always think, I was using this cassava cake,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=769.95,772.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, we are using varieties, hybrid-maize,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=772.65,775.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it started right here, wasn't it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=775.54,777.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years ago with the study of hybrid maze","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=777.13,779.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and iron diffusion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=779.25,780.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But hybrid maize is the typical innovation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=780.58,784.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, if you begin to look carefully at my case studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=784.26,789.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other case studies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=789.15,790.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will see that we're dealing with a host of other things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=790.24,794.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is that the green revolution in many areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=794.8,799.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has reached a situation where a platform,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=799.92,804.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where actually the farmers have reached the platform","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=804.4,807.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=807.63,809.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the productivity is like that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=809.0,811.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meanwhile, prices are going up like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=811.4,814.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so what you get in many high-yielding areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=815.4,819.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is second order programs of reducing costs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=819.75,823.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finding out how one can use fewer pesticides,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=824.39,828.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less fertilizer and so on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=828.75,831.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which is a completely different program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=831.15,832.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than just pushing a package.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=832.65,835.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So dealing with an individual treatment of a farm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=835.45,839.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you sit down with the farmer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=839.23,841.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and see how in that specific case one can begin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=841.107,844.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to reduce costs, that's wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=844.39,846.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another one that I came across is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=847.38,850.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I mentioned already I think in the discussion one time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=850.04,852.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is fertilizer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=852.26,853.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everybody's been focusing on these varieties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=853.31,855.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fertilizer tends to be recommended nationwide,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=855.71,858.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one type of recommendation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=858.67,859.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody's worried about local differences in soil clay, sand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=859.87,863.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no,poom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=863.35,864.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For cassava we need and that's high cost item.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=864.43,869.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we get a lot of I think opportunities there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=869.22,871.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to begin to look at how can we improve soil fertility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=871.91,875.932"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and begin to fine tune this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=875.932,878.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A very important one that Janice mentioned this morning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=882.25,884.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the whole area of poverty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=884.7,887.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's been established that we have maybe in the 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farming,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=894.27,897.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"therefore low external inputs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=897.29,899.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high diversity of farming systems, very complex","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=899.5,902.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you cannot just, you know, you cannot ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=903.65,906.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not enough just to push a little variety here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=906.49,909.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a little thing, one has to consider the whole system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=909.11,912.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One has to begin to look at low external input technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=912.28,915.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these, let's say in all the case studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=916.85,918.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I looked at for reason thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=918.87,922.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's only one or two use of (speaks foreign language)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=922.42,925.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as boundary planting and the use of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=925.46,927.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(speaks foreign language) grass as a ground cover","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=927.667,929.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which came close to the kind of technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=929.88,932.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will be suitable for these low input systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=932.18,935.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So another thing is that I think we've forgotten,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=937.45,942.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another lesson that's been learned in the US","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=945.17,947.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that technical innovation goes together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=948.34,950.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with institutional innovation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=950.93,952.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me give you a very brief example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=953.52,955.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's been inspired on the film that we saw yesterday","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=956.71,959.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by Bobby.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=959.61,961.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Indonesia, they now have developed methods","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=961.16,965.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to control rats.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=965.53,966.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rats eat, and I'm not so sure that is a 10% or 12%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=968.71,972.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the harvest, post harvest losses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=972.36,975.869"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(speaks faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=975.869,976.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Depends, ooh very diplomatic but let me make a dramatic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=976.92,979.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and be a real layman and say 10%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=979.79,982.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, high losses, so, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=983.52,986.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's important its a new void,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=986.18,987.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's very important issue with these rats.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=988.74,991.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it turns out that to control rats,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=991.0,993.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you cannot do that on one farm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=993.49,995.766"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it just so happens in Indonesia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=995.766,998.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they worked out this whole thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=998.27,999.921"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you need to organize people with leaders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=999.921,1004.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you need an information system whereby everybody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1004.28,1007.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that group begins to look systematically for evidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1007.06,1009.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and passes it on to the leaders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1009.72,1012.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have to decide together to synchronize your sowing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1012.19,1016.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and your water distribution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1016.96,1019.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you have to make sure your barns are not too thick,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1019.09,1021.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to keep the weeds down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1021.45,1022.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to go on collective hunts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1022.71,1025.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the kids have to know where the poison is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1025.07,1026.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all that stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1026.787,1028.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's not simply a technical innovation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1028.24,1031.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a really social innovation and it fits very well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1031.53,1034.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with that whole temple complex we saw yesterday","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1034.64,1037.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because these things fit together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1037.08,1038.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's another example of a type of innovation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1038.87,1042.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I think everybody's beginning to realize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1042.37,1045.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how important that kind of innovation is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1045.14,1048.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the institutional innovation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1048.29,1050.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that what we can say is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1050.69,1055.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I mention these kinds of innovations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1056.68,1059.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the role of indigenous knowledge becomes much more obvious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1059.04,1063.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and much more important in all of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1063.06,1065.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And probably the one we could have selected as a prototype","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1065.99,1068.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"isn't as important is this variety","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1068.73,1071.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if I'm there, I think it is very often","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1071.28,1073.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crucially important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1073.24,1074.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I think we have to begin maybe to emphasize more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1076.56,1080.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we are dealing with design innovations at the moment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1080.92,1084.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are very crucial for development in present stage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1084.09,1087.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of development and that in these cases the irrelevant ditch","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1087.18,1091.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this knowledge is much greater","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1091.54,1093.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than in some other innovations which we tend to think of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1093.5,1097.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, next thing is these institutional configurations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1097.56,1100.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that the the two models that I gave,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1103.33,1106.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the chain link model and the second order science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1106.38,1110.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both have a lot to tell us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1110.02,1111.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The emphasis is on a local process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1112.61,1115.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with different types of actors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1117.23,1120.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than we're usually thought of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1120.04,1121.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're no longer talking of the technology triangle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1121.39,1123.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of research extension farmers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1123.58,1124.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're talking about a different kind of process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1124.95,1127.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And research and extension probably have some kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1127.17,1129.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of facilitating role, some kind of additional role,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1129.9,1133.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some more kind of guiding role,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1133.98,1136.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which you know, is there throughout the process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1136.0,1137.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the main thing is the configuration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1137.99,1141.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of different organizations that are involved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1141.59,1145.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that what we tend to forget in our dealing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1149.06,1153.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with indigenous knowledge is that it grows together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1153.71,1157.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with networking, with forming platforms, with meetings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1157.05,1162.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with farmers getting together in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1162.91,1167.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different horizontal forms of communication","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1170.4,1173.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I think create the ideal conditions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1173.52,1176.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for indigenous knowledge to occur.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1176.65,1179.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think we're dealing with that kind of institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1179.75,1183.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that kind of configurations more than","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1183.08,1186.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the regular extension and so configurations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1186.03,1189.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Last point I want to raise is the processes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1191.576,1196.576"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Earlier, and I gave you that example of Ismar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1200.35,1203.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which and the post project I'm working on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1203.18,1206.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is research technology transfer leakages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1206.14,1209.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and telling you that, you know, economist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1209.33,1211.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a lot of technical bank people and so on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1211.53,1213.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like to talk transfer, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1213.3,1214.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it sounds good, extension is dead,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1214.66,1216.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extension is old fashioned, extension is this that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1216.62,1220.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we're not talking about transfer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1220.26,1221.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"emphasizing that transfer is the main process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1221.86,1225.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it isn't, in the first place,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1226.35,1229.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the very important process is integration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1229.8,1232.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what farmers do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1232.6,1233.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's a very interesting research by a French on this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1235.05,1239.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is farmers get a lot of information from all over the place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1239.22,1242.746"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then they sit together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1242.746,1244.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they integrate that knowledge to something they can use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1244.35,1248.025"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given their already existing knowledge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1248.025,1250.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given what they know about the farm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1250.0,1251.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given that production aims,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1251.23,1252.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some farmers do it in a very different way than others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1252.32,1255.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So integration is very important,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1255.01,1257.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe more important than transfer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1257.01,1259.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Transformation is another very important part.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1259.57,1262.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We never think of that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1262.35,1263.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because in our idea of research extensive farmer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1263.47,1266.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we say research makes something, extensive transfers it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1266.59,1269.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and farmers use it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1269.44,1270.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if they don't the pipeline is blocked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1270.5,1272.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we and so on and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1272.1,1274.377"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in fact, you can talk about that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1274.377,1277.726"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether its a constant transformation going on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1277.726,1280.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as Rogers was speaking of reinvention,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1280.03,1281.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think it's a pretty nice term,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1281.88,1283.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because everybody looks at a thing in a novel way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1283.34,1285.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And actually, when Rodgers mentioned it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1287.75,1290.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had a thought that, you know, a lot of this stuff","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1290.52,1292.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may be novel to me, but not new.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1292.56,1294.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I hope you will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1294.4,1295.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a typical, maybe a typical process that occurs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1296.81,1300.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you're on a sabbatical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1303.45,1305.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, there is, we're not dealing with transfer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1305.18,1310.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're not dealing only with with that pipeline process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1310.27,1313.657"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A very important one that I personally thought was crucial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1313.657,1317.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the notion of anticipation, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1317.56,1319.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because remember that variety of cassava","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1319.48,1322.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which had a dense canopy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1322.38,1324.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what hasn't happened is anticipation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1324.42,1326.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nobody's anticipated the need.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1326.51,1328.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I thought anticipation is a very crucial knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1328.34,1331.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"process and in fact, if you look at Farming Systems Research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1331.67,1335.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on anticipation is one of the main functions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1335.17,1337.691"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of that research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1337.691,1338.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But anticipation still means the researcher","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1338.91,1341.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is making the product and he must anticipate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1341.95,1344.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the need of the consumer and therefore that's anticipation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1344.62,1347.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think that if you want to look at indigenous knowledge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1347.73,1350.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we must begin to look at other kinds of processes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1350.59,1352.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like consulting, like bargaining, like dialogue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1352.84,1357.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like consensus building.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1360.33,1362.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I want to point to you the importance of the work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1365.93,1369.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a guy called Juergen Habermas on this issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1369.7,1374.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he is a well known sociologist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1374.18,1378.332"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think he's important for what we're doing here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1378.332,1381.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he is focusing not so much on the control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1381.853,1385.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the environment through a scientific process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1385.98,1389.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but much more on the what he calls","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1389.01,1391.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"communicative rationality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1391.64,1393.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a quality that emerges out of the discussion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1393.75,1397.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of people among themselves in reaching","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1397.76,1400.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some kind of agreement about what they will do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1400.04,1402.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how the world looked like and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1402.56,1404.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, with that I think, I would like to conclude","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1406.17,1410.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and saying that I believe that we should look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1412.4,1417.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at indigenous knowledge not only in terms of the innovation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1419.4,1424.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its contents but we should be including the close look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1424.37,1428.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the processes and the institutional configurations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1428.36,1431.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be able to look at what actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1431.12,1435.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"allows indigenous knowledge to be generated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1435.31,1438.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and shared and utilized and with that I'd like to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1438.45,1441.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1443.183,1446.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Are there any questions for (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1452.291,1457.291"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1460.705,1461.538"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned transformation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1461.538,1464.121"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What mechanisms have you identified and believe exist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1465.76,1470.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which can facilitate this transformation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1470.92,1473.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of ours such as there is integration?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1473.78,1477.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(speaks faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1479.811,1483.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, you know, the way we look at it is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1483.29,1488.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there is a constant transformation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1488.432,1490.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even within a linear system, there's transformation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1490.74,1493.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like a scientific product, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1493.92,1496.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like we used to think about it the scientific product","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1496.39,1498.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is transformed into a recommendation and so on and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1498.45,1501.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, in that sense there's transformation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1501.81,1504.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there's also transformation, let's say in making a seed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1504.39,1507.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, seed multiplication","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1508.8,1510.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is itself a transformation 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it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1572.84,1574.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and adopted and that's what every farmer does.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1574.45,1577.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think that's where reinvention is a pretty nice term.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1578.63,1581.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That means (mumbles) directly with your original thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1581.38,1583.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about innovation is that transformation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1583.82,1586.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"innovative mechanism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1587.79,1588.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1588.92,1589.812"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(speaks faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1589.812,1590.645"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, exactly, yeah, definitely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1590.645,1594.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I would like to review some term on knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1598.146,1601.716"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and technology interchangeably.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1601.716,1603.852"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e All right.\nAre they interchangeable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1603.852,1605.836"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e All right, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1605.836,1607.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, that's complicated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1608.2,1609.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I try to avoid the whole issue a little bit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1609.557,1612.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So but I didn't then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1612.48,1613.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've been using, there's so many 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technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1619.82,1622.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as three and data, you know, those four things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1622.73,1625.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we always say knowledge is between the ears,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1625.96,1628.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, you can't see it, smell it, hear, touch, anything,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1628.48,1630.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's in there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1630.77,1632.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then information is something that can be passed on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1632.43,1637.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but information is potentially interpretable, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1637.01,1642.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then we said, technology is knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1642.64,1646.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has somehow been consolidated into a method","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1650.53,1653.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a gadget or whatever to change,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1653.89,1657.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to transform the way inputs are not to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1657.68,1662.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how do we define it again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1662.41,1663.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has to do with the transformation of inputs into outputs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1663.99,1666.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That process technology affects the way in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1666.87,1669.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that process takes place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1669.52,1670.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we had quite a complicated definition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1670.4,1673.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and where it shows up that it's not the same","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1673.98,1676.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is let's say in this whole discussion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1676.77,1679.494"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of industrial or commercial innovation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1679.494,1684.494"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there the technology is clearly so different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1684.7,1686.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from science.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1686.96,1688.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's clearly such a different thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1688.69,1690.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the technological development is an independent factor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1690.09,1694.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from scientific development and affects the scientific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1694.1,1696.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think it's quite a complicated issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1698.09,1703.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I noticed in looking at the case studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1703.94,1705.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that in the thinking of most officials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1705.85,1710.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is research extensive farming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1710.41,1713.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's where you notice that the whole,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1713.31,1715.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in all these case studies there is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1715.5,1717.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, let's let me say in 75%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1717.8,1719.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a problem with multiplication, seed multiplication","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1719.87,1724.515"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles) you know, that transformation process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1724.515,1727.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into a hardware, a bit of hardware.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1727.183,1729.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think, we still need to think a little bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1730.76,1734.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but shorthand, sloppy shorthand, definitely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1734.45,1738.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What the rationale for example with extension?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1740.093,1744.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, in Ismar, they thought about it systematically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1746.41,1749.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One was, as I said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1750.89,1752.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the (mumbles) has a lot of barnacles on it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1752.41,1755.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's like a boat full of (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1755.287,1759.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Second is that there were also looking at media","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1759.01,1762.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let's say, notifications on which are usually more powerful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1765.78,1770.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And thirdly, well, the world bank emphasizes it's not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1771.342,1774.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and third is that I think, and I noticed this myself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1775.9,1780.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the term extension as it has been used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1780.02,1785.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially in the US has a number of people become","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1785.08,1790.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a bit impatient when its brought up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1793.06,1796.138"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The reason is that I get the impression that in most States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1796.138,1800.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the moment extension and might not be here in Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1800.37,1802.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you've got such a strong agricultural industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1802.83,1806.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in most States I feel that extension looking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1806.06,1809.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a new opportunities, new things to do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1809.22,1814.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has lost some of its power, farmers are going,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1814.18,1817.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, the ones that can go to the university straight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1817.28,1820.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and couldn't care less about the local agents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1820.88,1823.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what do we do is the local agent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1823.51,1824.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so we formed county Association,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1824.99,1826.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so maybe not strong enough, maybe Multi County Associations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1826.43,1828.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's a lot going on at the moment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1828.81,1830.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its I'm not so sure whether extension services","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1830.63,1835.102"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know about Iowa, but basically I think is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1835.102,1837.552"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, there're so many Americans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1838.722,1840.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are in these institutions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1840.16,1841.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think if they're getting into something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1841.47,1843.605"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they don't want to go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1843.605,1844.705"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's unfortunate one thing, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1847.38,1850.442"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to say one thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1850.442,1851.346"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we are in an extension science department at home","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1851.346,1854.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we consider extension to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1854.11,1856.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an extremely important thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1856.1,1857.928"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not because it is agricultural extension,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1857.928,1860.162"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(speaks faintly) extension service","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1860.162,1863.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But because in a modern society you need processes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1863.27,1868.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and mechanisms for reducing voluntary change,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1868.45,1871.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you need more close mechanisms increasing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1871.94,1874.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using communication for that purpose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1876.36,1878.242"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that extension is the thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1878.242,1881.326"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've learned a lot haven't we?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1881.326,1883.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you begin to mix up the specific institution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1883.513,1887.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called extension and the process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1887.973,1890.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of inducing voluntary change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1890.89,1892.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and call everything institution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1892.73,1894.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It used to be cooperative extension","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1894.39,1895.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was very successful 1940.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1895.817,1898.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, you're killing (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1898.3,1901.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you don't allow of that important process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1901.3,1903.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take a new shape.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1903.39,1904.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that's my personal opinion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1905.6,1907.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e So what happened to the cassava farmers in Nigeria?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1911.393,1915.844"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Were they able to adapt the concept of (speaks faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1915.844,1920.844"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Of what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1921.305,1922.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Your concept of (speaks faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1922.353,1927.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, as I said, there's a number of things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1930.97,1933.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one is that I remember, I went to Nigeria in 1963","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1933.24,1938.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I remember being in villages where cassava","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1938.2,1941.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was being introduced at that moment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1941.77,1944.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because cassava was introduced a long time ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1944.44,1946.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but many people didn't need it until very recently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1946.63,1949.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when this pressure on the rotation system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1949.413,1951.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the federal period began.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1951.98,1954.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So people told me how women would come to the market,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1954.09,1956.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a bundle of cassava sticks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1956.99,1958.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and begin to, you know, and they pass on this knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1958.8,1961.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on how do we make gari out of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1961.13,1963.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was all indigenous knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1963.6,1964.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the Portuguese introduced cassava in 1915","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1964.613,1968.209"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(speaks faintly) long time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1968.209,1969.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So then people were growing this cassava experimenting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1970.9,1974.176"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1974.176,1975.009"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some do very well, having fantastic models,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1975.009,1977.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no research for a long long time, absolutely no research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1977.6,1980.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the improvement of cassava,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1980.46,1982.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"huge tubers, you know, came as a result of farmer's work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1982.36,1986.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then the first thing I actually (speaks faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1988.048,1992.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean a year after they started their root (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1992.2,1995.409"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disease breaks out, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1995.409,1997.279"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So then they developed this new variety","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=1997.279,2000.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it didn't fit farmers need also had a lot of water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2000.17,2003.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So more different from the gari out there, isn't it, anyway,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2003.86,2008.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they had this problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2009.75,2012.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then they had to adopt this variety.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2012.28,2015.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the problem was, as I said, the notification","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2015.93,2018.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and again, low key guys, later on helped by UNICEF","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2019.89,2023.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on began to (speaks faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2023.77,2027.978"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The best variety is strictly (speaks faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2027.978,2032.978"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e One more question sir, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2035.101,2038.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do you see the functional differentiation process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2038.16,2043.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taking place without experiencing problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2044.61,2048.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially because of some of the projects in extension","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2048.093,2053.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in agricultural development are funded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2054.104,2057.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by outside forces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2057.91,2059.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now scientists, those who are interested probably","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2059.75,2063.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're using funds from the world bank.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2063.03,2066.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And those who are actually in contact with the farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2066.14,2069.086"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the extension officers or field workers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2069.086,2071.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are, you know, waiting under the system as it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2071.33,2075.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So how do you sort of reconcile these to avoid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2075.24,2078.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the problem of territorial turfs .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2078.48,2081.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The World Bank dictating terms that this is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2081.2,2084.075"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what ought to happen and this is how you ought to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2084.075,2087.825"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, good point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2087.825,2089.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, I think that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2089.59,2091.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think I can agree with you that the number of cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2094.063,2097.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I see a number of cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2099.73,2101.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me give you one very true one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2101.32,2103.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the Minister of Agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2103.33,2105.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their future Permanent Secretary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2106.2,2108.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was director of Extension,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2108.61,2110.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"refused the World Bank loan, didn't want it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2110.67,2113.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the Ministry of Finance was very interested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2115.04,2119.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they had a cash flow problem (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2119.703,2122.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in the end of this had to accept a loan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2122.31,2126.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what you find this is a awful, not really awful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2126.07,2129.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's, what you find is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2130.843,2133.051"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the so called T and V system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2133.051,2135.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we really look what happens in the field","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2135.077,2138.341"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many countries, the T and V system doesn't work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2138.341,2141.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it is written down on paper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2141.68,2143.827"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because it's very difficult to make happen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2143.827,2147.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you write on the paper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2147.1,2148.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in most cases extension goes on as it used to go on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2148.71,2152.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me give you one very crude example in one country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2154.4,2158.545"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I know the T and V system included a regular visits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2158.545,2163.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the supervisor to see where the farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2164.556,2167.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were doing demonstration plots.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2167.033,2168.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the farmers were not interested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2170.68,2172.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do demonstration plot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2172.09,2174.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the farmers were didn't see any value","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2174.093,2177.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the facts the extension officer had to say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2177.11,2179.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the extension was very worried that these guys,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2180.63,2184.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so what happened was a pact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2184.31,2186.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the extension workers would provide access to fertilizer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2187.7,2191.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and seed, you know, which is very hard to get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2191.67,2195.864"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in return for guarantee by the farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2195.864,2198.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they could sacrifice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2198.68,2199.931"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(speaks faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2199.931,2202.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The whole thing (laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2202.34,2204.795"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So everything worked as on paper, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2204.795,2206.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until you (mumbles) expose it (speaks faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2206.24,2209.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2209.443,2212.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think that's...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2212.46,2213.594"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think more and more farmers are saying we don't want it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2213.594,2218.594"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want our own system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2218.633,2220.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're (speaks faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2220.24,2221.565"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we on the basis of our experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2221.565,2223.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I know a number of countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2224.62,2225.934"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have (speaks faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2225.934,2228.311"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that the more knowledgeable officers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2228.311,2232.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one has in the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2232.14,2233.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and people who know what's going on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2233.64,2235.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who don't don't allow themselves to be sold","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2235.19,2238.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or (speaks faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2239.913,2242.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because I think we value the (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2247.111,2250.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2250.4,2251.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2251.233,2254.048"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that, you know, I found it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2254.048,2256.165"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the genesis of our empowerment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2256.165,2257.771"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those for extension services","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2257.771,2260.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should work out what works for them (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2260.217,2263.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2265.7,2267.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience claps).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=2267.16,2269.993"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28043/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/043/original/AV204008_The_Role_of_Indigenous_Knowledge_in_International_Development_b.vtt?1622637760","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/043/original/AV204008_The_Role_of_Indigenous_Knowledge_in_International_Development_b.vtt?1622637760"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28044","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204008_The_Role_of_Indigenous_Knowledge_in_International_Development_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130/transcript/28044/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Those kind of people and so it's very important experiences and research they have in this area. And what they say is in the model and I'll show you the model, is that basically they say that research doesn't play the role it always did. Things don't start with research, it's not a science to practice competing with all. What it is is a process of design that\r\n\r\n- Okay, what we have is a process of we somehow might be something we take care of, but everywhere I put it, it's not very competitive. So it's a process of design which tries to span the interface between the potential market and the potential for technology utilization opportunity. And so there's the market, there is the invention and the perfection of the design, there is the detailed design and testing, there is redesign and production distribution and marketing. The main process is this one, not design specs, it's this design process. And then a very important part, various feedback loops for readjusting and so on with this process. Research and extension and knowledge are over here. What he says is, science consists of two things, It's a body of knowledge that's the most important thing. The second thing is that it's a methodology which can both be accessed during this process. And these little lines here are showing different ways of accessing these. And he says this is a much more valid and useful and truthful way of looking at the whole than we did before. Let me give you a little example from, guess what, from Nigeria again that illustrates this process at work. And it's again about cassava and it's again my good friend Jones Nick Perry who unearthed this stuff. It's about gari making. Gari is processed cassava. Cassava is a bitter stuff. Cassava has a lot of hydrocyanic acid. Anyways, it's a nasty acid, you can die from it. So what you need to do is process this cassava very carefully. And it's got a number of steps, It's got steps like you have to peel it, you have to, Mary is gonna watch me very carefully is it? You've got to peel it, you've got to break it, you've got to put it in a bag and weigh it down with stones and ferment in the water, then you got to dry it, you got to fry it or roast it, and then that's when you finally have a product that has a shelf life of about six weeks. Now, that was always done by women, usually women traditionally. Some women have developed vertically integrated industries. They provide credit for women to grow the cassava, they provide credit for handling the cassava, providing the gari, they have their own lorries, they do the marketing, so it's a complete business, you know, very substantial business, and it has become, and this is a very important thing I just want a little sideline, in many developing countries now we see that new markets are developing, urban markets. And the usual thing is that these urban markets are being usurped by wealthy farmers, ex civil servants, those kinds of people. Well, these markets are ideal for creating extra bit of room for poor people, and I think we should begin to think very seriously about how we make that room useful for food. Anyway, so when all this demand came people started to think about how can we make this gari into a useful product and how can we improve this traditional process? So in '57 already, there was an organization called FIIRO, and I won't bother about what it really means, big government organization, and they worked on a process and they got a British firm, Newell Dunford Incorporated, to make a prototype which was ready by 1960 for I think it was is a ton a day, no 10 tons a day, sorry, 10 tons a day. That was the first thing. Now if you know 10 tons of gari you have to multiply that by four to get the cassava roots. Then you know, you just imagine how a day, you know, what all these little farmers have to bring together, that's impossible to organize. The thing broke down, this all imported product is useless. Then between '72 and '80, it was a very turbulent time in Nigeria but it turns out that in the political diversity created at that time, room was created for very different government initiatives to drive very different things. So one of the sort of organizations like Fabrico and other organizations then created new ways of looking at this whole problem. And they go down to 1-3 tons a day. And lo and behold, there's a lot better but still much to the, These things were implemented and incorporated, women's cooperatives which are doing quite well, but they were much too large too. Then, in '81, this is very interesting, the Minister of Agriculture decided, and this is a time you must imagine, all had dried up, food inputs were hardly possible anymore. People were looking back at local agriculture, which they had forgotten all about it. One time, the average age of farmers was 50-years-old. Everybody who was young had left the place. Then in the beginning of the '80s, people said, we must look at traditional agriculture, that's where our strength is. So the ministry had two initiatives, one was to start in each state a huge, big, one of these English Newell Dunford plants, you know, one per state which would do so many tons per, 10 tons per day. And that created an uproar, that was out of the question. Then another initiative at the same ministry was a thing called RAIDS, Rural Agricultural Industrial Development Scheme, which was partly financed by the World Bank, and it did a very interesting thing. It developed a very small machine and it used all kinds of local organizations, first to make the prototype, and then to actually put it out. and the whole thing was, in the end I think they got to a situation where they could produce 400 kilograms of gari a day. Now that was still too big but one of the great things they did was to, one of the very great things they did, was to make prototypes of each of the stages of the process. And they made drawings of each of the technologies for each of the stages. So what happened was that local smith, smiths and local people could now develop their own technologies, changed from iron to wood and so on. So I'm giving you this long example to illustrate that, you know, this thinly model is much more applicable for explaining what actually happened than many of our so-called linear models. Because actually there was hardly any science involved extensions not involved, but a lot of trial and error to finally get to a solution. Okay, the second example that I want to give with a totally different kind of approach is second order science. It's a big word, It was, it was coined by two guys called who looked at the situation that we're facing, Dennis has been talking about, the movement now we are facing global environmental issues, very great global environment issues like global warming, toxic wastes Very important characteristics of the situation are, a very high decision nobody knows. So another pioneer here is already working on wide range of climates and a wide range of cloud situations. So finally it's trying but it's still, you know, assuming certain things about the limits and we don't know. I feel very different, as I said, you know, global warming might lead to extreme climate situations. All right but at stage two imagine that these very high extreme situations occur here in the States for example. Most people here are reasonable and a matter of urgency to do something about it. So now you have a completely different situation from the moral science perspective. You have situations where science really doesn't give much of the answers because of We still are very involved because it's very important. It's a hybrid thing, decision we must be selfish. In fact, we're involved in processes of society around this overtime. And what these researchers who look at this process notice is that there are a number of very specific circumstances. One is science is involved in this process of decision making but what you get, it's not just one type of science. It is what they call extended peer community. World Bank and set an example that they're talking about world policy. And it turns out that if you want to talk about irrigation, wastewater management , the, you know, you name it maybe 15 department in the world I can talk about So you get an extended you get extended facts 'cause you're not just talking about research facts, you're talking about how this full report affects lives of people. Now that's fact which is going to be taken account of in the whole discussion. And then the final thing to note of course in this situation we really risk such full activism. People who are so worried about who are going to take action on their own and affect situations where there is a serious problem by the people affected are beginning to look at, study they know more about it much more than this disciplinary science. So these people are become very important parts of the configuration of institutions. Okay, I want to now give you this complete different components I want to briefly say a number of things about what I considered points about the environment for indigenous knowledge. Because I think that these points I've been raising have something to say about the conditions in which indigenous knowledge will be given optimal chances for re-creating to be seen to be different. Personally, as I said, I think we can not avoid that issue So I want to look at that last chapter in my presentation from these three points of view being innovation, the institutional configurations and the processes. Let me start you with innovations. As I said, I think that most of us, and I find myself doing this so that's why I dare to say this. Most of us use the variety as the implicit prototype of a innovation. We always think, I was using this cassava cake, you know, we are using varieties, hybrid-maize, I think it started right here, wasn't it? years ago with the study of hybrid maze and iron diffusion. But hybrid maize is the typical innovation. Well, if you begin to look carefully at my case studies and other case studies, you will see that we're dealing with a host of other things. One is that the green revolution in many areas has reached a situation where a platform, where actually the farmers have reached the platform and . So the productivity is like that Meanwhile, prices are going up like, so what you get in many high-yielding areas is second order programs of reducing costs, finding out how one can use fewer pesticides, less fertilizer and so on Which is a completely different program than just pushing a package. So dealing with an individual treatment of a farm where you sit down with the farmer and see how in that specific case one can begin to reduce costs, that's wrong. Another one that I came across is, and I mentioned already I think in the discussion one time, is fertilizer. Everybody's been focusing on these varieties. Fertilizer tends to be recommended nationwide, one type of recommendation. Nobody's worried about local differences in soil clay, sand no,poom. For cassava we need and that's high cost item. So we get a lot of I think opportunities there to begin to look at how can we improve soil fertility and begin to fine tune this. A very important one that Janice mentioned this morning is the whole area of poverty. It's been established that we have maybe in the world 1.4 billion farmers who live in rain fed areas, high uncertainty, high risk in farming, therefore low external inputs, high diversity of farming systems, very complex and you cannot just, you know, you cannot ... it's not enough just to push a little variety here in a little thing, one has to consider the whole system. One has to begin to look at low external input technologies. And these, let's say in all the case studies that I looked at for reason thing, there's only one or two use of as boundary planting and the use of grass as a ground cover which came close to the kind of technologies that will be suitable for these low input systems. So another thing is that I think we've forgotten, another lesson that's been learned in the US that technical innovation goes together with institutional innovation. Let me give you a very brief example, that's been inspired on the film that we saw yesterday by Bobby. In Indonesia, they now have developed methods to control rats. Rats eat, and I'm not so sure that is a 10% or 12% of the harvest, post harvest losses. Depends, ooh very diplomatic but let me make a dramatic and be a real layman and say 10%. Anyway, high losses, so, you know, it's important its a new void, it's very important issue with these rats. And it turns out that to control rats, you cannot do that on one farm. And it just so happens in Indonesia, they worked out this whole thing, you need to organize people with leaders, you need an information system whereby everybody in that group begins to look systematically for evidence and passes it on to the leaders. You have to decide together to synchronize your sowing and your water distribution and you have to make sure your barns are not too thick, you have to keep the weeds down, you have to go on collective hunts. And the kids have to know where the poison is and all that stuff. So it's not simply a technical innovation. This is a really social innovation and it fits very well with that whole temple complex we saw yesterday because these things fit together. So that's another example of a type of innovation that I think everybody's beginning to realize how important that kind of innovation is, the institutional innovation. And I think that what we can say is that when I mention these kinds of innovations, the role of indigenous knowledge becomes much more obvious and much more important in all of them. And probably the one we could have selected as a prototype isn't as important is this variety and if I'm there, I think it is very often crucially important. So, I think we have to begin maybe to emphasize more that we are dealing with design innovations at the moment, which are very crucial for development in present stage of development and that in these cases the irrelevant ditch in this knowledge is much greater than in some other innovations which we tend to think of. Okay, next thing is these institutional configurations. I think that the the two models that I gave, the chain link model and the second order science both have a lot to tell us. The emphasis is on a local process with different types of actors, than we're usually thought of. We're no longer talking of the technology triangle of research extension farmers, we're talking about a different kind of process. And research and extension probably have some kind of facilitating role, some kind of additional role, some more kind of guiding role, which you know, is there throughout the process but the main thing is the configuration of different organizations that are involved. And I think that what we tend to forget in our dealing with indigenous knowledge is that it grows together with networking, with forming platforms, with meetings, with farmers getting together in different horizontal forms of communication which I think create the ideal conditions for indigenous knowledge to occur. So I think we're dealing with that kind of institutions and that kind of configurations more than with the regular extension and so configurations. Last point I want to raise is the processes. Earlier, and I gave you that example of Ismar which and the post project I'm working on which is research technology transfer leakages, and telling you that, you know, economist and a lot of technical bank people and so on like to talk transfer, you know, it sounds good, extension is dead, extension is old fashioned, extension is this that So we're not talking about transfer, emphasizing that transfer is the main process. Well, it isn't, in the first place, the very important process is integration. And what farmers do and there's a very interesting research by a French on this is farmers get a lot of information from all over the place and then they sit together and they integrate that knowledge to something they can use given their already existing knowledge, given what they know about the farm, given that production aims, and some farmers do it in a very different way than others. So integration is very important, maybe more important than transfer. Transformation is another very important part. We never think of that because in our idea of research extensive farmer, we say research makes something, extensive transfers it and farmers use it. And if they don't the pipeline is blocked and we and so on and so forth. But in fact, you can talk about that, whether its a constant transformation going on as Rogers was speaking of reinvention, and I think it's a pretty nice term, because everybody looks at a thing in a novel way. And actually, when Rodgers mentioned it, I had a thought that, you know, a lot of this stuff may be novel to me, but not new. So I hope you will. That's a typical, maybe a typical process that occurs when you're on a sabbatical. Anyway, there is, we're not dealing with transfer we're not dealing only with with that pipeline process. A very important one that I personally thought was crucial is the notion of anticipation, you know, because remember that variety of cassava which had a dense canopy. So what hasn't happened is anticipation, nobody's anticipated the need. So I thought anticipation is a very crucial knowledge process and in fact, if you look at Farming Systems Research and so on anticipation is one of the main functions of that research. But anticipation still means the researcher who is making the product and he must anticipate the need of the consumer and therefore that's anticipation. So I think that if you want to look at indigenous knowledge, we must begin to look at other kinds of processes like consulting, like bargaining, like dialogue, like consensus building. And I want to point to you the importance of the work of a guy called Juergen Habermas on this issue because he is a well known sociologist, but I think he's important for what we're doing here because he is focusing not so much on the control of the environment through a scientific process but much more on the what he calls communicative rationality which is a quality that emerges out of the discussion of people among themselves in reaching some kind of agreement about what they will do, how the world looked like and so on. Well, with that I think, I would like to conclude and saying that I believe that we should look at indigenous knowledge not only in terms of the innovation and its contents but we should be including the close look at the processes and the institutional configurations to be able to look at what actually allows indigenous knowledge to be generated and shared and utilized and with that I'd like to.\r\n\r\n- Are there any questions for\r\n\r\n- Yes sir.\r\n\r\n- You mentioned transformation. What mechanisms have you identified and believe exist, which can facilitate this transformation of ours such as there is integration?\r\n\r\n- Yeah, you know, the way we look at it is that there is a constant transformation even within a linear system, there's transformation. Like a scientific product, you know, like we used to think about it the scientific product is transformed into a recommendation and so on and so forth. So, in that sense there's transformation. But there's also transformation, let's say in making a seed, you know, seed multiplication is itself a transformation process. So there are so many ways in which one can talk about transformation And what we notice is that a very little attention has been given to that. So that, let's say in the T and V approach, there's only this emphasis on giving extension every two weeks, they're a little bit and they pass it on to farmers as the transfer without, what actually happens. We did research on that in in Sri Lanka, a student of mine did. And what he found was that instead of transfer of passing over these extension workers receive, they stored in the head and when a farmer comes, because this message is very irrelevant for most of the farmers they talk to, so they store it and then they use it in combinations with other information, whenever they, you know, are helping farms. Another typical example of transformation is a study in India two bar developed. And it turned out that as this two bar diffused every farmer, every group of the whole of it began to think with it and change it and adopted and that's what every farmer does. So I think that's where reinvention is a pretty nice term.\r\n\r\n- That means directly with your original thought about innovation is that transformation, innovative mechanism.\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, exactly, yeah, definitely.\r\n\r\n- I would like to review some term on knowledge and technology interchangeably.\r\n\r\n- All right.\r\n\r\n- Are they interchangeable.\r\n\r\n- All right, yes. Yeah, that's complicated. But I try to avoid the whole issue a little bit, So but I didn't then. We've been using, there's so many definitions, we've been using different of them, we've used in information, knowledge and technology as three and data, you know, those four things. And we always say knowledge is between the ears, you know, you can't see it, smell it, hear, touch, anything, It's in there. Then information is something that can be passed on but information is potentially interpretable, yeah. And then we said, technology is knowledge which has somehow been consolidated into a method or a gadget or whatever to change, to transform the way inputs are not to, how do we define it again, it has to do with the transformation of inputs into outputs. That process technology affects the way in which that process takes place. So we had quite a complicated definition and where it shows up that it's not the same is let's say in this whole discussion of industrial or commercial innovation because there the technology is clearly so different from science. It's clearly such a different thing where the technological development is an independent factor from scientific development and affects the scientific. So I think it's quite a complicated issue. What I noticed in looking at the case studies is that in the thinking of most officials it is research extensive farming. So that's where you notice that the whole, in all these case studies there is well, let's let me say in 75%, there is a problem with multiplication, seed multiplication you know, that transformation process into a hardware, a bit of hardware. So I think, we still need to think a little bit but shorthand, sloppy shorthand, definitely.\r\n\r\n- What the rationale for example with extension?\r\n\r\n- Well, in Ismar, they thought about it systematically. One was, as I said, that the has a lot of barnacles on it, It's like a boat full of Second is that there were also looking at media let's say, notifications on which are usually more powerful. And thirdly, well, the world bank emphasizes it's not and third is that I think, and I noticed this myself that the term extension as it has been used especially in the US has a number of people become a bit impatient when its brought up. The reason is that I get the impression that in most States at the moment extension and might not be here in Iowa because you've got such a strong agricultural industry. But in most States I feel that extension looking for a new opportunities, new things to do, it has lost some of its power, farmers are going, you know, the ones that can go to the university straight and couldn't care less about the local agents. So what do we do is the local agent, so we formed county Association, so maybe not strong enough, maybe Multi County Associations and there's a lot going on at the moment and its I'm not so sure whether extension services I don't know about Iowa, but basically I think is And so, there're so many Americans are in these institutions, I think if they're getting into something they don't want to go. So it's unfortunate one thing, you know, I want to say one thing, because we are in an extension science department at home and we consider extension to be an extremely important thing not because it is agricultural extension, extension service But because in a modern society you need processes and mechanisms for reducing voluntary change, you need more close mechanisms increasing using communication for that purpose. And I think that extension is the thing, we've learned a lot haven't we? But if you begin to mix up the specific institution called extension and the process of inducing voluntary change and call everything institution It used to be cooperative extension it was very successful 1940. You know, you're killing And you don't allow of that important process to take a new shape. But that's my personal opinion.\r\n\r\n- So what happened to the cassava farmers in Nigeria? Were they able to adapt the concept of\r\n\r\n- Of what?\r\n\r\n- Your concept of\r\n\r\n- Well, as I said, there's a number of things one is that I remember, I went to Nigeria in 1963 and I remember being in villages where cassava was being introduced at that moment because cassava was introduced a long time ago but many people didn't need it until very recently when this pressure on the rotation system and the federal period began. So people told me how women would come to the market, with a bundle of cassava sticks and begin to, you know, and they pass on this knowledge on how do we make gari out of, that was all indigenous knowledge because the Portuguese introduced cassava in 1915 long time. So then people were growing this cassava experimenting with it. Some do very well, having fantastic models, no research for a long long time, absolutely no research. So the improvement of cassava, huge tubers, you know, came as a result of farmer's work. Then the first thing I actually I mean a year after they started their root disease breaks out, okay? So then they developed this new variety it didn't fit farmers need also had a lot of water. So more different from the gari out there, isn't it, anyway, so they had this problem and then they had to adopt this variety. Now the problem was, as I said, the notification and again, low key guys, later on helped by UNICEF and so on began to The best variety is strictly\r\n\r\n- One more question sir, thank you. How do you see the functional differentiation process taking place without experiencing problems especially because of some of the projects in extension or in agricultural development are funded by outside forces. Now scientists, those who are interested probably they're using funds from the world bank. And those who are actually in contact with the farmers the extension officers or field workers, they are, you know, waiting under the system as it is. So how do you sort of reconcile these to avoid the problem of territorial turfs . The World Bank dictating terms that this is what ought to happen and this is how you ought to do it.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, good point. Actually, I think that, I think I can agree with you that the number of cases and I see a number of cases. Let me give you one very true one where the Minister of Agriculture, their future Permanent Secretary he was director of Extension, refused the World Bank loan, didn't want it. And then the Ministry of Finance was very interested because they had a cash flow problem So in the end of this had to accept a loan. But what you find this is a awful, not really awful but it's, what you find is that the so called T and V system if we really look what happens in the field in many countries, the T and V system doesn't work as it is written down on paper. Because it's very difficult to make happen what you write on the paper. So in most cases extension goes on as it used to go on. Let me give you one very crude example in one country that I know the T and V system included a regular visits of the supervisor to see where the farmers were doing demonstration plots. Now, the farmers were not interested to do demonstration plot because the farmers were didn't see any value in the facts the extension officer had to say. But the extension was very worried that these guys, so what happened was a pact, the extension workers would provide access to fertilizer and seed, you know, which is very hard to get in return for guarantee by the farmers that they could sacrifice The whole thing So everything worked as on paper, you know, until you expose it So I think that's... I think more and more farmers are saying we don't want it. We want our own system, we're we on the basis of our experience and I know a number of countries that have And I think that the more knowledgeable officers one has in the country and people who know what's going on, who don't don't allow themselves to be sold or Because I think we value the Anyway. I think that, you know, I found it the genesis of our empowerment those for extension services should work out what works for them\r\n\r\n- Thank you . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43278/file/116130#t=0.0,2299.32"}]}]}]}