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Terrill","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=9.13,11.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was raised in Australia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=11.88,13.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and arrived in United States in 1965,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=13.93,16.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"studied at Harvard receiving his PhD in political science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=16.89,19.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1970.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=19.9,21.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While Professor Terrill has taught courses on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=21.93,25.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political thought, Chinese politics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=25.16,27.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and international relations at Harvard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=27.72,29.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for over eight years at Harvard,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=29.81,31.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where he is now a research fellow,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=31.55,33.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he is most famous for his publications.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=33.75,36.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On a scholarly vein he has written,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=36.65,38.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The Eight Hundred Million, The Real China\" in 1972,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=39.337,43.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"socialism and FA as a I'm sorry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=43.71,46.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Socialism is fellowship R. H. Tawny and his times\" in 1973,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=46.007,50.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Flowers On An Iron Tree, Five Cities of China\" in 1975,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=50.367,54.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The Future of China: After Mao\" in 1978,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=55.497,58.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and most recently \"Mao, A Biography\" in 1980.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=58.86,63.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if I can make an aside here in a plug for that book,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=63.24,65.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it is probably one of the best books done on China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=65.83,70.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly the best biography of Mao","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=70.22,71.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I highly recommend it to you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=71.96,73.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you have not read anything on China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=73.2,76.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would recommend that you pursue that that book.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=76.41,80.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of these have been 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them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=1918.6,1923.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Americans are very materially minded in assessing power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=1924.207,1928.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they think that with all their weapons they have 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interests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=1959.69,1964.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that somehow manages to keep together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=1964.77,1967.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the luck of physical isolation I 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culture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=1977.75,1981.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and social system together both put a terrible limit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=1981.59,1986.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the freedom of the individual","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=1986.23,1988.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the autonomy of the individual,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=1988.97,1992.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which to us are big values","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=1992.02,1995.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and really pre-conditions for communication.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=1995.14,1999.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now these differences one can live with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2001.55,2005.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the two sides have lived with them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2005.41,2008.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they can also flare into conflicts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2008.3,2012.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in an era of a certain amount of nationalism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2012.23,2016.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If one side or the other field is a strong grievance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2016.013,2021.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a difficult bilateral issue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2021.13,2023.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an issue such as Taiwan or an issue such as trade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2024.74,2029.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me enlarge a little bit on the nationalistic trends","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2035.13,2039.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2039.9,2041.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Chinese are a very proud people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2042.83,2046.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the very subtle people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2046.41,2048.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have recently been buffeted by doubts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2050.04,2054.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and disappointment in their politics in 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future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2068.28,2070.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are a poor country and they are not happy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2073.03,2077.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the situation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2077.92,2079.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially since their self-image is a very grand one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2079.43,2083.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Recently there was a report in a Chinese paper,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2086.56,2090.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the visit made by some Peking people to West Germany,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2090.44,2095.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it included an account of how the Chinese 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Multidoon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2341.86,2346.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He could be said to be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2348.499,2350.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I quote a phrase from the People's 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Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2597.71,2598.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact by the spring of his first year of office,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2601.77,2606.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the secretary of state had made it quite 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saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2689.32,2692.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"If you really love me, you will please me on this issue.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2692.677,2697.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it got far more central","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2697.46,2702.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than it's intrinsic character justified.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2702.47,2707.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the light of this I must say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2712.41,2714.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the communicative last month is a kind of a miracle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2714.46,2718.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has damped down the Taiwan issue for the moment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2718.37,2722.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's done to down, I think in a short-term way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2724.4,2729.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not in a long-term way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2729.51,2731.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. Reagan really gave into the Chinese in that communique,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2732.99,2737.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is one of the many ironies of the situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2738.99,2742.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the light of what he had said in the summer of 1980.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2742.6,2746.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has acknowledged that the arms sale issue has to change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=2747.94,2752.94"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21214/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/214/original/AV203266_China_and_the_US_Friends_or_Foes_a.vtt?1608542077","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/214/original/AV203266_China_and_the_US_Friends_or_Foes_a.vtt?1608542077"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21215","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203266_China_and_the_US_Friends_or_Foes_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463/transcript/21215/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Adrian] This evening's lecture, and this evening speaker, Professor Ross Terrill was raised in Australia and arrived in United States in 1965, studied at Harvard receiving his PhD in political science in 1970. While Professor Terrill has taught courses on political thought, Chinese politics and international relations at Harvard for over eight years at Harvard, where he is now a research fellow, he is most famous for his publications. On a scholarly vein he has written, \"The Eight Hundred Million, The Real China\" in 1972, socialism and FA as a I'm sorry, \"Socialism is fellowship R. H. Tawny and his times\" in 1973, \"Flowers On An Iron Tree, Five Cities of China\" in 1975, \"The Future of China: After Mao\" in 1978, and most recently \"Mao, A Biography\" in 1980. And if I can make an aside here in a plug for that book, I think it is probably one of the best books done on China and certainly the best biography of Mao and I highly recommend it to you if you have not read anything on China, I would recommend that you pursue that that book. Many of these have been translated into a variety of foreign languages just to show you his international reputation, including the following languages; German, French, Portuguese, Norwegian, Swedish, Japanese, French, et cetera, et cetera. On a journalistic vein, Professor Terrill has written for innumerable journals to list you just a few; The Atlantic Monthly, The New Republic, China Quarterly, Political Science Quarterly, Foreign Affairs, and he has also written for an even longer list of newspapers both nationally and internationally, including the New York times, The Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, The International Herald Tribune, the Paris De site out of Hamburg, the Asian Wall Street Journal out of Hong Kong. His writing in this area has been widely recognized as insightful if not superb. In 1972 he won both the National Magazine Award for reporting excellence and the George Polk Memorial Award for outstanding magazine reporting. Professor Terrill has traveled widely as you might suspect, first going to China in 1964 and returning there at least five times most recently during the last year where he has visited both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China on Taiwan. He comes to us tonight adamantly qualified to provide us with some information on the topic of the United States and China. Would you please welcome Professor Ross Terrill.\r\n\r\n- [Terrill] Thank you very much for your welcome Professor Bennet. I enjoy coming to Iowa, which reminds me sometimes of Australia with its wide open spaces and sense of hospitality and it's a pleasure to be here in Iowa this evening. Adrian Bennet's introduction reminded me of a few things, The title of that first book of mine, \"Eight Hundred Million, The Real China,\" not a title I chose, but in those days, which is only 10 years ago, the publisher insisted on that subtitle in order to distinguish it from Taiwan, the real China, meaning mainland over against Taiwan and the publisher thought that for the American public at that time, it was necessary to do so. Well a lot has changed in 10 years and to some extent tonight I'm gonna take those, those 10 years and look at, at where we've come in American-China relations and where things are likely to go. In the 60s I used to go to Poland sometimes, and I once heard a story in Poland. The time of the Vietnam war when central European issues were a great concern for Russia and America. And when our view of China was very different from what it is now, and according to this polish story, Lyndon Johnson who was then president was seen standing with Leonid Brezhnev, the Soviet leader in a very miserable situation. They were in striped pajamas, carrying their tin plates in a long line at a camp, not far from Peking and Johnson was heard to say, \"Leonid I did keep telling you that the Berlin question was not our major problem.\" Well today one might imagine that Ronald Reagan and Den Xiaoping, the Chinese leader could be in an unfortunate situation in some remote place in the Soviet Union and Reagan might say to Deng Xiaoping, \"I did keep telling you that Taiwan was not a major problem.\" The flourishing relationship in the 1970s between China and America has existed on two basis. One of which is a compromise over Taiwan and the other is a parallelism of interests over the question of Russian power in the world. Those things don't stay the same over 10 years and we have to ask whether Peking and Washington have really achieved some stability in this relationship, after all there've been some troubling extremes in the past. When I first went to China, as our chairman mentioned in 1964 as an Australian citizen, because I did that I was unable to get a visa to visit the United States afterwards. Such was the atmosphere in US-China relations and I remember in Canton at that time, seeing cartoons and photographs relating to the assassination of President Kennedy of a very violently anti-American kind with Kennedy biting the dust and having deserved his fate and so on. And then in the 1970s, the good feelings were so great that some American allies, certainly some Chinese allies began to wonder if the two countries hadn't gone too far in embracing each other. And as the Reagan administration came in, in particular some people wondered, well they're communists after all and are they going to be very different from other communist countries. Others in different segments of our society have wondered with China so backward, can they really afford to buy our products and be a valuable trading partner? Well the American-China relation when bad and when good has a tremendous impact on Asia and beyond Asia. The 1950s we were marked by the Korean war, a war which brought China and the United States into military conflict and thus affected the whole evolution of that decade. The 60s were marked by the Vietnam war, a war which would never have a time the proportions of American involvement that it did if the United States had not believed that China was at the root of the problem. In the 1970s after Nixon's visit to China, the United States has not lost a single soldier dead in battle in Asia. No major relationship I suppose in the world has changed as much as the US-China relationship did in the 1970s. Looking back over the American approach to the far East, I think it's worthwhile to recall the starting points and how they've changed and to do the same thing with Mao and his communists. When America first became involved in the far East, there was a sense of innocence to the enterprise. America was not like Europe, it was not colonial, a democratic and anti colonial nation by birth. Secondly, there was a sense of mission that American virtues could and should be extended to the nations of the East. Senator Wary of Nevada declared in the 1940s, \"We shall lift Shanghai up, ever up God willing until it is just like Kansas city.\" And along with these feelings of purity and conviction of a mission there was a Promethean spirit, a feeling that the United States could accomplish enormous things in East Asia, particularly after 1945 when Japan lie in ashes and almost unlimited hope in that regard. These three starting points explain a lot about American policy in China from the 19th century up to really the Vietnam war. A great fascination with China, a great deal of goodwill, also an underlying effort to remake that country somehow in the image of American values. And so in the 1950s we could talk about the loss of China and in the 1960s could be so terribly hostile to China precisely because in earlier decades there'd been so much hope. So the romantic tradition, and then that almost demonic view of the Chinese in the 1950s and the 60s, were two sides of the single coin. The change that Nixon and Kissinger on our side and Matador and Chou En-Lai on the Chinese side wrote in the 70s was only possible because these three starting points had been undermined. They'd been undermined by the Vietnam war, and they'd been undermined by the coming of a new complexity in the international relations of East Asia. After Vietnam the Chinese felt as I learned in China in 71, that the US having struck trouble in Vietnam was not likely to produce troubles for China. And certainly the United States didn't have the same sense of innocence in that region after the Vietnam tragedy. The Promethean spirit had weakened too, the dollar and the Marines didn't quite seem capable of doing what they had once been able to do. Now if you look at the Chinese communist side, you'll see some starting points and you'll see, I think that they haven't changed quite as much as the American starting points. First Mao and his movement inherited from the Chinese past a sense of Chinese centrality, to some extent this is reminiscent of America's sense of its own centrality. Both countries are vast continents, both are really self-sufficient if they had to be, both have been fairly free from sudden unwelcome intrusions of outside forces. Now's what I would call a middle kingdom assumption was not the same as dynastic China, but he did take it for granted that China was the key to Asia's future, he did take it for granted that China was important to America and he did, after all, he only ever visited one foreign country and that when he was an old man, he did take a you come to us approach to foreign nations. The second starting point of the communists was that they approached the United States with a sense of humiliation, not all Chinese felt at the century of assault by superior Western power from the Opium War onward. America seemed to be the inheritor of western expansionism, western aggression in the region. This was a bit of past which it was a major task of the Chinese revolution to put behind it. China was bent upon becoming the equal of any nation in the world, rather than merely the object of what the major nations were doing on its doorstep and indeed over its doorstep. Thirdly, although the Chinese were determined to shake off western control, they looked at the United States as to some extent and embodiment, at least of the technical and economic aspects of a future they would like to have. So their own aspiration to modernity affected their view of the United States in contradiction as it was to the anti-imperialist starting point which I mentioned as a second point. Now China's moved away from these, but not totally. It's true that China now sees itself as one nation among others, no longer as the realm under heaven coterminous with civilization. And yet the Chinese are still a very isolated people and a very isolationist people. The roots of middle kingdom is an after all our objective, they're not just a philosophic choice. China is there in the middle of Asia borders with 12 countries, smaller than herself. China has this rich and long tradition, which makes it difficult for it to imagine that it needs anything from outside itself. There are many Chinese indeed who find it hard to grasp that a foreign language isn't Chinese translated into that language. So we are still dealing with a culturalistic country that has a great sense of its own cultural sufficiency. The second starting point that the US was a leading part of the Western imperialists camp has been greatly changed. The Vietnam war marked the end of their fear of American military power. And naturally from that time onward to the Chinese, with their 4,300 mile border with the Soviet union, America seemed less of a problem than the neighbor to the North. At the same time, the Chinese still think that imperialism versus a third world struggling for its independence is the basic framework of world politics. They don't stress too much that we are imperialists, but technically the framework is still there to be used. It's easier to imagine Chinese politicians reviving an emphasis on American imperialism saying that American imperialism is obstructing the reunification of Taiwan and the mainland than it is to imagine American politicians reviving the sense of mission in Asia that asserted that America should democrat ties and Christianize China. The third Chinese communist starting point, the aspiration to modernity now works as a very favorable factor in American-China relations. Now that America is no longer any kind of threat to China, the Chinese are free to look up to America as an advanced society and to take advantage of cultural and technological exchanges and trade that will help China in a tangible way to learn from the United States. I find it inconceivable to imagine a Chinese government that would turn back from the present earnest stress on modernization. Though I do think it's possible that if the economic results are disappointing in China, that disillusionment could take the form of criticizing us again in very strident terms, criticizing our form of modernity if only as a way of saving face. All in all, then I'm suggesting that we have changed enormously toward China, the Chinese have changed substantially toward the United States but not as fully. American culture is after all a more restless and short term one than the Chinese, we have less memory of the past typically than do the Chinese. The American-China relationship as the Reagan government came into office was probably the best that the two countries have ever had. In the communist era or before we had an alliance with Chiang Kai-sheks China but it was a one-sided alliance. The People's Republic of China, whatever you think of its social system is a unified and a strong entity to a degree that Chiang Kai-sheks China never was, certainly never was after the initial Japanese attack on the Nan Qing regime. And it's worthwhile thinking back to all those terrible things that didn't happen when China and America got together in friendship. It was said that China would wreck the UN if they were seated there, it was said that China wouldn't pay its bills if we traded with China, it was said that China would use an embassy in Washington or UN mission in New York, Consulate in Chicago and San Francisco and so on, now there's one in Houston too, to subvert America. It was said that American allies would all be terribly upset if the US dealt with Peking while they went ahead some before us, some after us and did the same thing themselves. All these arguments, one had to battle very fiercely in the 1960s and looking back we see something of a success story. Not least the mutual compatibilities of Americans and Chinese have had a chance to prove themselves in people to people, exchanges and in a modest way, economically as well. Multilaterally the American-China friendship put an end to that cold war division in Asia and it's put the United States in a far more favorable strategic position than it would otherwise be in. Because China is now in friendly relation, not only with the United States, but all of the US's friends; Japan, the Asian countries, Australia, New Zealand, the West European countries. Indeed China is in friendly relations with all of those countries which were it's great enemies up until the 1960s. This makes the American strategic outlook much more favorable than it would otherwise be. Indeed sometimes it seems to me there are two communist blocks in the world, one is headed by the Soviet Union and the other is headed by the United States. Includes China, Yugoslavia, Romania, and a few other Marxist countries who are so hostile to the Soviet Union, also worry of the Soviet Union. And so desirous of being close to the United States that to a degree they are accepting American leadership. On the other side of the ledger, there are some uncertainties in the American-China relationship. I would mention four. First of all optimism has been waning in China and abroad as to whether Peking is really going to achieve its modernization goals. And so we have to ask whether we will be dealing with a firm partner or perhaps after all, a shaky partner, a failure economically, a giant Bangladesh. The second question we have to consider is that there are subtle changes going on in Russian-China relations so far under the surface. And it has proved in the past couple of years, since the high point of Chinese-American military consultation, which was the visit of Defense Secretary, Harold Brown to Peking in January, 1980 and the consultations of the months after that. It's been difficult for America and China to agree in practical terms on joint measures to deter the Soviet Union. And that point is no doubt connected with the fact that there is some stirring going on between Peking and Moscow about a possible improvement in relations. Thirdly, the US-Taiwan policy, though I think it has been a successful one from the Shanghai communique right through to President Carter's normalization agreement in January, 1979. It's been overshadowed by first of all, the talk during the presidential campaign of 1980, then by increased expectations in Thai Bay for a restoration of an official relation between Taiwan and the US and then in 1981 by Chinese domestic politics. Fourthly, there's been a growth in China of a more nationalistic mood and to some extent there has been in the period of the Reagan presidency and equivalent, US and China became friendly. I think there was a tendency to think this means that we would become similar and of course it doesn't necessarily mean that at all, we are not similar. The past of the two countries are very different, the levels of wealth are very different and different levels of wealth produce different perceptions of power. Way of life is one of the currencies that power is actually measured in. And recently in Peking some Chinese ministers were complaining to me that to quote one of them, \"Americans are very materially minded in assessing power, they think that with all their weapons they have power and China with nothing but its population must be weak.\" Then our social system to the Chinese is such that they are not always certain that we have a national point of view and that we have a clear direction in policy. We seem to be adjusting bundle of interests that somehow manages to keep together by the luck of physical isolation I suppose and the rule of law, which the Chinese don't understand. And too many Americans Chinese culture and social system together both put a terrible limit on the freedom of the individual and the autonomy of the individual, which to us are big values and really pre-conditions for communication. Now these differences one can live with, the two sides have lived with them, but they can also flare into conflicts in an era of a certain amount of nationalism. If one side or the other field is a strong grievance on a difficult bilateral issue, an issue such as Taiwan or an issue such as trade. Let me enlarge a little bit on the nationalistic trends in China, the Chinese are a very proud people and the very subtle people. They have recently been buffeted by doubts and disappointment in their politics in particular and they may be buffeted by more disappointments in their economy in the future. They are a poor country and they are not happy with the situation, especially since their self-image is a very grand one. Recently there was a report in a Chinese paper, of the visit made by some Peking people to West Germany, and it included an account of how the Chinese visitor lost his wallet in a German city and had it returned to him though he just dropped it in the street and he was very impressed with that. It seemed to me it's the kind of thing we use to stress about China not so many years ago. But in fact there's quite a lot of crime in China, there's quite a lot of corruption in China and it's a tiny point perhaps, but a symbol of a certain loss of something in China that this article should focus on that level of probity and honesty in West Germany that a Chinese visitor experienced. Last April the Chinese women's volleyball team defeated the American team. And there was a big demonstration in Peking that night after people finished watching it on the television. Some young friends of mine who live in Peking told me about that night when I went to visit them in June. People rushed out into the streets and made torches out of brooms and shouted a bit at foreigners and the crowd arrived banging at the gates of the American Embassy, some Japanese were knocked off their bicycles and so on. And at the American Embassy they shouted out that we'll certainly defeat the Yankee imperialists, which seemed a little unnecessary since they'd just watched the defeat of the Yankee imperialists. But my friend said to me two things struck them about this, one that though Chinese are often criticized and even pressured for having too much contact with foreigners. This mob that was insulting foreigners were not punished at all. Secondly they said, they had the impression that there was a very complex emotion going on on the part of this essentially youthful crowd. To quote one of them he said, \"I think a lot of those people would leave China if they could, they look up to the West but they know they can't have that level of life, they know they can't go there or have it here in China.\" And so the reaction, the reaction is a rather strident patriotism. Well I mentioned that because I could mention a dozen other straws in the wind that there is whether out of defensiveness for whatever reason arise in nationalistic feeling in China. And it's a card that the government of China could easily find great advantage in playing to plicate a youth that's very disenchanted with a lot of things going on in the country, to plicate an army which wants more money for weapons than it's getting, to deal with questions that bubble up on minority questions and indeed as a way of handling the whole extraordinary problem of how to assess Multidoon. He could be said to be, and I quote a phrase from the People's Daily, \"A great national hero in China's history,\" even if they one day got to the point of saying that his Marxism and all Marxism was fundamentally flawed. Now the Taiwan issue right from the Shanghai communique until the extraordinary communique of last month has been transcended but it hasn't really been solved. In the immediate future, one can expect the Taiwan will continue to be secure and to be stable, in the longer term it's not so clear. There is a problem of the unity of the Thai Bay government, which has been remarkable over the years, but which is going to be increasingly subject to tensions between mainlanders and Taiwanese and subject to the challenge of how they're going to respond to this accelerating series of appeals, seductions, and pressures from Peking about reunification. Then there's the danger that Peking may misjudge public opinion in Taiwan. Trying this campaign of influence without realizing how little enthusiasm there is in Taiwan for reunification and even less for Marxism. What we really needed after the 1978-1980 period, the period when Carter completed the normalization process, what we needed was simply a period of quiet evolution doing nothing so that Taiwan could become accustomed to the fact that even though it lacked official ties with the United States, that it was not going to suffer just from that. Time for Peking to digest the fact that it's won a victory in principle but very few forces anymore on the international scene challenge the principle that there's one China and that its government is in Peking. Time also for Peking to realize that the actual absorption of Taiwan into the mainland is wildly impractical and would cut against the entire thrust of its present friendly relations with the United States, Japan and the Asian countries. Time also for the pro nationalist forces in American politics to realize that Taiwan has suffered little if at all from the derecognition that occurred under President Carter's decision in January, 1979. Now we haven't quite had that tranquil period given the political situation within China and given the political situation within the United States. First of all, Mr. Reagan said in the summer of 1980 that he would like to restore official relations with Taiwan. In fact by the spring of his first year of office, the secretary of state had made it quite clear they were gonna do no such thing. But during that year, Peking itself started to raise new issues and speak in a new term on the Taiwan Christian. Now whether this was a response to Reagan's campaign statements delayed by nine months or whether this was due to the churnings of some internal politics in Peking, I won't for the moment go into that. But Peking started to say that the time is ripe for a settlement and that the two issues; arms supplies by the US to Taiwan and the reunification of Taiwan with the main land are not in a satisfactory situation, they may not best be allowed to evolve as they are but they have to be solved and they have to be solved soon. Reagan raised the Taiwan issue in 1990 and then Peking decided to say that it was pivotal to American-China relations and so on and on it's spiraled like two people in a relationship saying, \"If you really love me, you will please me on this issue.\" And it got far more central than it's intrinsic character justified. In the light of this I must say the communicative last month is a kind of a miracle, it has damped down the Taiwan issue for the moment but it's done to down, I think in a short-term way and not in a long-term way. Mr. Reagan really gave into the Chinese in that communique, which is one of the many ironies of the situation in the light of what he had said in the summer of 1980. He has acknowledged that the arms sale issue has to change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103463#t=0.0,2760.28082"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=10.12,13.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he's acknowledged that the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=14.36,16.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reunification question is again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=17.39,19.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something that has to be acted on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=19.99,22.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are the two points","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=22.49,25.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that China raised in 1981.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=25.24,28.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so while it's been settled for the moment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=28.22,30.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this communique,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=31.87,34.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything now depends on Chinese policies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=34.04,37.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Deng Xiaoping says","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=40.05,41.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that China intends a peaceful reunification.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=41.44,45.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the American side has said that they expect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=49.45,53.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it will be peaceful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=54.57,57.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But then Deng Xiaoping says if Peking were to renounce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=58.73,61.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"force, Tai Bay may be encouraged to refuse","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=61.99,66.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to negotiate with Peking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=67.32,69.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that he 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Vigilance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=90.98,95.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that eventuality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=95.17,97.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The weapons question would have come up in 1982,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=100.53,104.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regardless of whether president had been Carter or Reagan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=106.72,110.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a matter of 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countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=358.59,362.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which stress above all, national independence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=362.2,366.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's refusal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=366.07,367.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it says it's historic refusal to go into any kind of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=367.54,372.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ententes or alliances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=372.57,375.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the light of these uncertainties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=381.52,384.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's worthwhile reminding ourselve that 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China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=471.39,476.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only in the middle East,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=476.0,477.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"indeed do the two countries really have oppose views 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still,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=499.92,502.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not foes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=502.28,503.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is that the American view 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Dallas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=529.87,533.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A mirror in which we saw not so much what was actually going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=535.3,539.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on in China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=539.86,540.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but some kind of image of ourselves and our own values,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=540.81,545.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and our own mission.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=546.08,549.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But now China's like a suitcase that's been unpacked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=550.94,554.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all the bits and pieces are there to see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=554.76,558.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we know something of the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=558.62,561.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know China is oil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=564.78,566.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know China is an interesting place to visit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=566.71,570.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know China's a place of great lack of personal freedom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=570.63,575.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know China is a big market for wheat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=577.23,580.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know China is a place with rather poor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=581.67,586.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"colleges and universities, the whole picture is mixed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=586.04,589.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but at least the picture becomes real,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=589.74,593.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think the death of China as an abstraction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=593.69,598.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in American minds is a good thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=599.36,602.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a reason to hope for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=602.64,606.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a steady relationship and not one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=606.64,609.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would swing back to enmity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=609.76,612.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The closer contact after all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=614.84,618.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in this room tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=618.21,619.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we have evidence of how much closer the contact is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=619.66,624.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than it used to be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=627.14,628.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Produces a realization that we have problems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=630.12,634.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international problems and problems in our own societies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=635.41,640.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that can best be tackled by either mutual action","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=640.22,645.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or mutual consultation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=645.41,649.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that we have a lot of features of our common humanity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=649.04,653.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that draws us together even more than the differences of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=653.99,658.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history and the differences of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=660.18,663.259"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"economic levels pull us apart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=663.259,666.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that sense of identity produces a feeling of obligation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=666.52,671.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We never had it in the decade of career.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=672.03,675.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We never had it in the decade of Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=675.32,680.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a sense of identity of oneness that on both sides,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=680.35,685.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think produces a feeling of obligation and gives some hope","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=687.57,692.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a livable and even friendly future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=694.53,699.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=701.07,702.025"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(round of applause)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=702.025,705.108"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Professor Terrell is agreeing to stay around for a while","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=716.49,721.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and answer your questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=721.17,723.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we hope that you will feel free to ask whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=723.0,726.433"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21216/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/216/original/AV203266_China_and_the_US_Friends_or_Foes_b.vtt?1608542081","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/216/original/AV203266_China_and_the_US_Friends_or_Foes_b.vtt?1608542081"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21217","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203266_China_and_the_US_Friends_or_Foes_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464/transcript/21217/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Professor Terrell] By saying that he'll gradually reduce the level of arms sales to Taiwan. And he's acknowledged that the reunification question is again, something that has to be acted on. These are the two points that China raised in 1981. And so while it's been settled for the moment in this communique, everything now depends on Chinese policies. Deng Xiaoping says that China intends a peaceful reunification. And the American side has said that they expect that it will be peaceful. But then Deng Xiaoping says if Peking were to renounce force, Tai Bay may be encouraged to refuse to negotiate with Peking. And that he said, \"In the end would lead to an arm solution of the problem.\" Now, if you add these two points together, you see that China still intends to work its will on Taiwan. And everything depends on when and how it tries to do so, and everything depends I hope on American Vigilance in that eventuality. The weapons question would have come up in 1982, regardless of whether president had been Carter or Reagan. As a matter of fact, Reagan has sold far less weapons to Taiwan since he came into office than Carter did in any comparable period of his presidency. That didn't seem to affect the Chinese thinking on the subject very much. My view is that the fewer weapons are sold to either Peking or to Taiwan the better. But I am concerned about a notion of an American cutoff of sales to Taiwan, not because it isn't logical. It is logical in the circumstance of the Shanghai Communique to do that. The trouble is reunification is so utterly inconceivable that the evolution of an illogical situation seems to me to be better than an attempt to resolve the problem. And so one hopes that a decline in the arms sales would not lead to such an unraveling that would produce an attempt at reunification. As for the problem of the Soviet Union, the America-China relationship has had an impact on the Soviet Union. It has eased Cold War tensions in Asia, it has put Japan in a better position, it has given reassurance to a number of countries; Thailand, Pakistan in the face of an unpleasant environment. It's probably deterred Moscow at one or two points of time. And yet American and Chinese opposition to Vietnam's ambitions has not deterred Hanoi at all from its grip in Laos and Cambodia, nor have all the words out of Washington and Peking dislodged the Soviet Union from Afghanistan. And I think we see a situation where, since that breakthrough visit of secretary of defense Brown to Peking that America and China have not found the modes of operation, either bilaterally nor linking Japan and West Europe together. The modes of operation to make their deterrence of the Soviet Union, really strong. Just think the leaders of China, Japan, and America have never even sat down together as a tripartite summit. When Deng Xiaoping came to Washington, he talked about a United Front of China, Japan, the United States and West Europe. Now the situation we're in today is that China has given up hope of that. China is evolving toward a more business-like relationship with the Soviet Union. China appears to be moving into the position of treating America and Russia more in an equal way, so far not equal, but that seems to be the evolution and asserting its national independence, it's solidarity with third world countries, which stress above all, national independence and it's refusal, it says it's historic refusal to go into any kind of ententes or alliances. In the light of these uncertainties, it's worthwhile reminding ourselve that the American friendship with China is based on two fairly solid rocks. I think it came about and will continue, as long as these rocks are there. One is that China is not outward bent in Asia, that it's domestically preoccupied. And indeed it's rather stability minded when it comes to Asian questions. And the second is that China is much weaker than the Soviet Union, and it's not allied with the Soviet Union. Even if China-Russia relations were to improve a bit, I think that second base of the American relationship with China could still stand and should still stay. There are one or two other reasons which are newer ones to feel a certain amount of cautious optimism. One is that there's simply isn't any conflict of interest beyond the Taiwan issue between the United States and China. Only in the middle East, indeed do the two countries really have oppose views of world situations, and they're not going to come into contact with each other in the middle East. And then there are a couple of intangible, but I think important reasons to have some hope that it will be friends still, and not foes. One is that the American view of China has become a lot steadier because it has become fuller, and because there's been so much traffic back and forth. In the past China was sometimes like a mirror in those decades that I described from the 19th century to the era of Dallas. A mirror in which we saw not so much what was actually going on in China, but some kind of image of ourselves and our own values, and our own mission. But now China's like a suitcase that's been unpacked and all the bits and pieces are there to see and we know something of the country. We know China is oil. We know China is an interesting place to visit. We know China's a place of great lack of personal freedom. We know China is a big market for wheat. We know China is a place with rather poor colleges and universities, the whole picture is mixed, but at least the picture becomes real, and I think the death of China as an abstraction in American minds is a good thing and a reason to hope for a steady relationship and not one that would swing back to enmity. The closer contact after all, and in this room tonight, I think we have evidence of how much closer the contact is than it used to be. Produces a realization that we have problems, international problems and problems in our own societies that can best be tackled by either mutual action or mutual consultation. And that we have a lot of features of our common humanity that draws us together even more than the differences of history and the differences of economic levels pull us apart. And that sense of identity produces a feeling of obligation. We never had it in the decade of career. We never had it in the decade of Vietnam. It's a sense of identity of oneness that on both sides, I think produces a feeling of obligation and gives some hope for a livable and even friendly future. Thank you.\r\n\r\n- Professor Terrell is agreeing to stay around for a while and answer your questions. And we hope that you will feel free to ask whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34606/file/103464#t=0.0,731.66367"}]}]}]}