{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/5m6251g74x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Mashabela, Victor, South Africa's War Against the Front Line States"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203671 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["South Africa's War Against the Front Line States is a March 20, 1987 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Victor Mashabela. Victor Mashabela discusses how apartheid has affected countries outside of South Africa.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9g737853"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1987-03-20"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Mashabela, Victor (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Anti-apartheid movements--International cooperation","African National Congress","Apartheid--Religious aspects","Political refugees","World politics"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["South Africa (spatial)","Namibia (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["South Africa's War Against the Front Line States is a March 20, 1987 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Victor Mashabela. 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Parks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=52.78,57.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the our state family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=57.03,59.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Welcome to the struggle in South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=59.43,61.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been given the distinct pleasure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=62.63,64.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of introducing to some and presenting to other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=64.43,67.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our speaker for this occasion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=67.9,69.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Throughout the year, we've been fortunate to hear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=70.5,73.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about South Africa from numerous scholars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=73.73,77.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight, we're quite fortunate to hear about South Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=77.91,81.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a scholar who grew up there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=81.92,84.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at the age of 16, moved away,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=84.41,87.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only to move back in 1975.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=87.48,90.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has lived many of the 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1980","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=95.09,99.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and received a degree in economics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=99.78,102.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And has spent a good part of his 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gentlemen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=114.17,115.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am proud to present to some and introduce to others,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=115.13,118.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victor 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Congress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=138.34,140.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and on behalf of the press people of South Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=142.63,146.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a struggling people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=146.84,148.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is a pleasure for me to be here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=152.0,154.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would like to on behalf of our 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the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=1969.69,1974.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put mines in the ocean in that country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=1976.66,1980.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Reagan administration has been 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people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2000.12,2003.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are trying were raising this issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2003.03,2005.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm raising this specifically because as we're 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here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2012.01,2016.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was told.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2017.16,2018.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I will encourage those who are 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issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2024.76,2027.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We see this to be a very important struggle for us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2027.98,2032.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we see ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2032.29,2035.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want to create a situation where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2036.64,2038.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everywhere the United States can begin to 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decide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2045.24,2050.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what kind of a destiny we have to take.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2050.12,2053.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That the people of Namibia have a right to do the same","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2053.0,2055.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the people of Central America have a right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2055.74,2059.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do the same.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2059.02,2060.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Having said that, brothers and sisters,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2062.56,2064.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would like to thank you very much for your patience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2064.67,2068.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we'd like to open the floor for questioning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2068.53,2072.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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DC","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2104.266,2107.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do have (indistinct) that they gonna try","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2107.493,2110.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to ask you if you can go out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2110.12,2113.208"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in two things people (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2113.208,2117.708"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2125.586,2129.386"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) structure how important is that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2129.386,2134.386"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do you know anything about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2136.94,2138.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, at first it came out almost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2138.76,2141.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as though it was a rumor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2141.23,2142.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A few days ago, I did not see the the article","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2142.48,2146.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you were talking about now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2146.47,2148.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But Israel used to, of course, provide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2148.71,2153.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really the important route for all for the Western 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exist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2237.05,2239.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that the United States is a superpower.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2239.38,2241.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But more importantly, this phenomenon had come 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only,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2259.71,2261.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the Reagan administration thought it ought to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2261.96,2264.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to at least try to give symbols 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recognition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2331.13,2335.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the role that African National Congress is playing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2335.47,2338.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in South Africa in the struggle against apartheid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2339.332,2342.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One diplomatically, which now we think is significant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2342.11,2346.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know whether that answers you 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really,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2365.09,2367.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, I have been to Washington,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2368.153,2370.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to lots of these (indistinct) affairs (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2370.22,2373.987"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet, I think congress has felt the pressure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2379.64,2384.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of our 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(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2393.73,2398.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2400.62,2401.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so that and on those I can get a hand to saying 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divestment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2469.08,2472.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we were able to have that legislation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2472.42,2476.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as you will know, the President Reagan 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Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2604.53,2606.982"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trans Africa and the American committee on Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2606.982,2611.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which began to look into that whole process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2611.46,2614.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whereby companies basically seeing what,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2614.94,2618.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saying that they are moving their businesses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2622.731,2626.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from South Africa whereas in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2626.17,2628.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they continue to exist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2628.65,2630.558"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their technology will continue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2630.558,2632.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to benefit the South African regime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2632.0,2635.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as one is speaking right now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2637.01,2640.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ACOA has material available for people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2640.25,2644.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on not only those corporations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2644.66,2649.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but others which have whose disinvestment was positive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2649.45,2654.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that this information for people who want to act on it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2658.66,2662.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be directed to an organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2662.48,2664.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called the American Committee on Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2664.42,2667.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I can give people his number if people are curious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2669.63,2673.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you have any (indistinct) form the members","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2681.772,2684.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of South Africa base are in supporting (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2684.14,2689.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"idea of apartheid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2690.932,2692.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you get any type of support from other African Nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2692.52,2697.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2700.182,2702.682"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah definitely we get support generally throughout,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2704.99,2708.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many, all member states of the organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2709.89,2712.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of African unity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2712.95,2714.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And especially through such organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2714.75,2717.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as deliberation committee of the OAU,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2717.47,2719.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where all in all these countries donate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2720.956,2723.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money is to be used by the liberation movements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2724.34,2727.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for support is not the same with each and every country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2727.62,2732.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in general Africa seems to be united","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2733.33,2736.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the question of opposition to apartheid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2736.44,2740.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Would you rather have or merge to something different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2742.393,2746.516"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instead of supporting (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2746.516,2750.078"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Like what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2750.078,2750.911"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, men over 13 years old going back home (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2750.911,2754.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Ah I see what you say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2757.35,2758.685"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2758.685,2761.274"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What would you like to see what type of woman","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2761.274,2762.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would you, do you have any suggestions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2763.916,2767.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No, actually, I think that you see, I can't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2767.103,2771.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a situation where governments are basically supportive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2772.647,2774.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of their struggle against apartheid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2774.37,2776.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think all individual citizens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=2776.79,2778.943"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31448/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/448/original/AV203671_South_Africas_War_Against_the_Front_Like_States_a.vtt?1627046055","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/448/original/AV203671_South_Africas_War_Against_the_Front_Like_States_a.vtt?1627046055"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31449","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203671_South_Africas_War_Against_the_Front_Like_States_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285/transcript/31449/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- We tell our friends out in the hallway we just about ready to start. On behalf of the African Student Association, the Committee on Lectures, President Gordon Parks and the our state family. Welcome to the struggle in South Africa. I've been given the distinct pleasure of introducing to some and presenting to other our speaker for this occasion. Throughout the year, we've been fortunate to hear about South Africa from numerous scholars. Tonight, we're quite fortunate to hear about South Africa from a scholar who grew up there. And at the age of 16, moved away, only to move back in 1975. He has lived many of the things that we will hear about tonight. He went to Iowa University from 1976 to 1980 and received a degree in economics. And has spent a good part of his life talking about the struggle in South Africa. He will share with us tonight many of his experiences. He is a member of the African National Congress. Ladies and gentlemen, I am proud to present to some and introduce to others, Victor Masebulla. Victor.\r\n\r\n- Brothers and sisters and friends, on behalf of the African National Congress and on behalf of the press people of South Africa, a struggling people. It is a pleasure for me to be here. I would like to on behalf of our organization also express our sincere and profound gratitude to the African Students Association, and the Committee on Lectures for having invited us here. And having brought you here today so that we can share with you some experiences of our people in that part of our continent, Southern Africa. Share with you some experiences of our country where our people are today engaged in bitter struggles against the system which has been internationally condemned by such forum as the United Nations, and the Non Aligned Movement the OEU as a crime against humanity, and a threat to international peace and security. It has already been said that over the past two or three years. We have witnessed a phenomenon that was unheard of in this country. One where all of a sudden people began to find out about what was happening in South Africa. South Africa was seen in your TVs you read about it in the news media. And it is during that period that again, we saw for the first time, a phenomenon that one could not have predicted whereby the people of the United States under this administration of the Reagan administration took upon themselves to write their own policies of solidarity with the struggles of the peoples of South Africa and Namibia. And people of United States were reacting to a violent situation that they've seen on the media, a situation whereby on one hand you saw a mood of militancy as expressed by there are people who in many ways showed a people who had shared the fear of death in their struggles to overthrow a cancer, a crime and evil system that is apartheid. The response of solidarity from the people of United States was also sparked by their brutal manner in which the racist regime responded to this onslaught by our people inside the country. Responding through unleashing its instruments of terror, its military its police, through our communities, killing at random our people as though the white men in the country had gone hunting. Arresting as it has today, since June 12 last year, or detaining 25,000 people out of which 20% are children aged 18 and below. A violence basically, that expresses itself through, a system which saw nothing in the black person, except that that person is none other than a unit perhaps unit of labor, to be seen as unit of labor, whose sole purpose in life was to provide slave wage type working condition and slave wage, to work on a slave wage system, providing super profits for the multinational corporations of the world and enriching the white community in South Africa. The people of the United States began to understand apartheid for what it was, that it was a crime against humanity and a threat to international peace and security. Yet, the Reagan administration, of course, has embraced the same administration, as a friend and an ally. And has done everything, that administration has done everything to show itself to be a friend of the apartheid system. But brothers and sisters, the apartheid system, the apartheid system in our country, is not only a source of, does not only present violence only to the people in South Africa themselves, but also to the entire region. In South Africa, it found itself faced over the past period of the 80s, with people determined through mass militant political action through organizations such as the United Democratic Front such as COSATU, and Trade Union Federation. Through organizations such as the parents crisis, education crisis committee, formed to try to solve the education crisis that has gripped the nation, especially with regard Of course to black education. The resume found itself faced with a black clergy, which was not prepared to teach, to tell black people that the only heaven and therefore justice that they can expect to experience was a justice that can come after death, and therefore in heaven, but that heaven ought to be experienced right here and now on earth. The black clergy like, for instance, black Desmond Tutu, and Alan Boesak to mentioned but a few have been very active in the struggle against apartheid in our country. The black church generally, in the main has been positive playing a positive role in the struggle. The white African churches, although recently it has taken a step to the extent that well, maybe apartheid is wrong, saying that apartheid is foreign, but basically continues to be an Africana church, that reformed church which is refusing to break rank with a apartheid system. By the way, it is not it is only a question of language in South Africa, to say that a apartheid is dead. All even the racist rulers in South Africa, Botha himself will tell you will say to you that apartheid is dead, whereas the lives of our people in our very natural lives in South Africa. Our experiences show that the apartheid system is very much in existence and our very preparedness to give the flag of everything including our lives means that, we have not we're yet to attain our objectives for a non racial, democratic society in a unitary state. Apartheid cannot be just said to be destroyed while our people's movement continues to be restricted in their own country. Apartheid cannot be said to be destroyed, where we cannot have the right to decide the destiny of the country. Apartheid it cannot be said to be destroyed, while the Bantustan system remains to be a component part of the overall system of apartheid, providing a reservoir of labor for the white minority regime. All this has come in front of you in this country, and you have responded in all so many positive ways, and your response has expressed itself in the last year with the new sanction legislation passed by the house and the congress. And of course, President Reagan did not like that very much. We see the sanction legislation as a step in the right direction. We see it although of course, it remains short of imposing comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against the apartheid system. As one has said, apartheid aggression is not only in South Africa itself, but that it is spread through out the region. The apartheid system in attempt to try to arrest the revolution not only in South Africa but also in Namibia, has undertaken carried out a state of undeclared war situation on our subcontinent. It has invaded or undertook repeated raids throughout this region. Attacking such countries as the Lesotho, Botswana, Swaziland, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Angola and occupying as it does today, the southern portion of Angola. The racist regime when it does not launch its own military directly uses its surrogates in the region. Terrorists or bandits organs such as UNITA in Angola, it uses the MNR, in Mozambique, it uses, used to use let me say the LLE in the Lesotho. The result of this, aggression against our frontline countries has been the overthrow of the government of the Leabua Jonathan in the Lesotho. Lesotho happens to be a very small country, a country surrounded around all corners totally by South Africa. A country that depends therefore, for routes to reach to get goods internationally it depends on South African routes. A country which continues to have 1000s of his people working in the mines or in South Africa. The regime, try to force such a country overthrew such a country, and overthrew the government there exactly because that government refused to bend over to the demands and respond to the demands of the apartheid system. That is the aim of South Africa's designs, his campaign of decentralization for the front or against the frontline states. That campaign is aimed at turning these countries into puppet states of the apartheid perpetrators. States which will dance to the tune of the South African regime. States which will stop supporting the legitimate struggle for liberation in South Africa and in Namibia. The regime wants to force these countries to stop to do what is their duty under the United Nations Charter which is to accept refugees coming from the conflict that is in South Africa and in Namibia. The regime has been putting such excuses as to say that, the reason they attack Lesotho or that they attack certain targets in Botswana in Mozambique and so forth. They said is because they're the African National Congress has its military basis. It is said that in the Lesotho the African National Congress has a military base that in Botswana, in Mozambique, the reason for attacking these targets, which turned out to be basically apartments of nationals of those respective countries. But their real targets because being nationals of South Africa and members of the African National Congress. In one incidence, the president of the African National Congress, responding to such statements by the racist regime, made the following observation that and this was at a funeral where 12 members of the ANC had been killed in Mozambique in 1982. And he said, those you know recognizing that they're there, they're the targets that have been attacked with apartments of people, South Africans, members of the African National Congress, he said, let's take into account the fact that the South Africa that our people are living under today is in South Africa, whereby the average white person is encouraged to arm himself or herself to the teeth. Let's move from there and then assume this reality that at least 90% or so of the white people's houses in South Africa, is a house which has a gun. Does that therefore mean that, those houses are to be defined as military bases. The president of the African National Congress was not necessarily suggesting that we need to learn something from new fascists. But he was trying to dramatize a very important fact that the violence that is emanating from South Africa that is taking place in South Africa and in the region, is a violence that can only be done away with if the apartheid system itself is destroyed. Because of South Africa's aggression in the frontline states, in the neighboring countries, these countries, many of whom were just independent in 1980s, some of whom like Mozambique, and Angola, were only independent in 1975. And because of this aggression, the countries cannot go ahead and implement their own socio economic programs. The fact then has become very clear that the destinies of the peoples of South Africa, the destiny of the people of Namibia is intertwined with the destiny of the peoples in the entire region. But then, why is it that the regime is imposing the subcontinent to such aggression Isn't it, is it not enough that, our people in South Africa are forced to live under those situations? Isn't it enough that the apartheid system is today militarily occupying Namibia, colonizing Namibia in defiance of the United Nations where South Africa has a presence of 100,000 troops? Where there is a ratio of the population to soldier of 10 Namibian people to one South African soldier, a very militarized situation indeed. Is it not enough that those atrocities have been committed against the people of Namibia where, the troops have stood so low as in efforts at intimidating the Namibian people trying to force them away from supporting or becoming members of the Southwest Africa, People's organizations in support of Namibia has resorted to, upon killing people claiming that their freedom fighters of the South West African People's Organization. And then upon doing that strapping their dead bodies onto caspers, and then parading those dead bodies, through the communities of black communities in the Namibian population. Isn't that enough? But you see, the racist regime calculates in the following way that if it were to embark on this program, then of course, it will be have succeeded to isolate the African National Congress. It will succeed at isolating the Southwest Africa People's Organizations. And it will have succeeded to achieve what as far as we're concerned is the inevitable to stop the struggle against apartheid in South Africa itself, and in Namibia. But the fact of the matter is the basis for the struggle in South Africa. The basis for the struggle in Namibia is the condition that exists, conditions created by the apartheid state system in those respective countries. And as long as those conditions continue to exist, our people will find new and better ways of struggling against the apartheid system. On their part, the people of the frontline states have remain and unflinching in their support to the struggle of the people of South Africa and Namibia. They have resisted, all kinds of calls from the regime. Especially let me, with the exception through the Nkomati Accord. Many have resisted all calls with the regime to sign pressures to sign the so called non-aggression pact. A pact which would be signed between parties whereby the other has a monopoly of military instruments, and the other hardly has anything. That being of course, another method of trying to force them to do what they themselves, the South Africans themselves in South Africa are failing to achieve, which is to try to stop ANC's participation and involvement, militarily and otherwise in the struggle against apartheid in that country. The Southern African countries have been over since the early 80s concerned about a phenomenon that they did not choose a history and a geography that they did not choose one of being sharing borders with a crime and the criminal perpetrators of the apartheid system. Whereby there is continued they continues to be links, railway links, economic links generally with South Africa. Those countries have started started in 1982 to form an organization called the Southern Africa Development Coordination Conference. An organization which sought to try to minimize the link that they were forced to have with the apartheid system. But those countries continue to be most vocal, especially Zimbabwe and Zambia. Zimbabwe in the non aligned meeting last year and Mozambique and both of them really in the Commonwealth Countries meetings last year in Europe. Where they were canvassing support among international delegates, Commonwealth delegates for more comprehensive sanctions against the apartheid regime. Doing this in the face of all kinds of propaganda by the regime that, if comprehensive sanctions were to be imposed against South Africa, then well then the people who will suffer the most would not only be black people in South Africa but it would be the frontline states themselves. In calling for sanctions, in supporting our call for sanctions, the frontline states are doing more than they have, they are doing, rendering our struggle a tremendous support. Exactly, because we see sanctions as those instruments of solidarity, which would shorten the lifespan of the apartheid system. Ensure that when the apartheid system is destroyed, it would have been destroyed with less loss of lives than they would otherwise be the case. The Southern African countries support the struggle of for independence in South Africa, and Namibia has also been expressed, it has been expressed in terms of, they are losing 1000s in the citizens lives, losing billions of dollar exactly because of their commitment to the struggle against the apartheid. It is for this reason, therefore that it has become it is more important today than ever before to realize the interconnectedness of our struggle in Namibia and in South Africa, and of the region as a whole. As I said, our destinies in that region are very much intertwined. Brothers and sisters when we look at a policy that the people of the United States were able to chat last year through sanctions. When we relooked at the groundswell of activity of support that took place in this country. It is was in a way disappointed to realize that it was during the same period, that the 1986, the Reagan administration was able to do away with, what it had been trying to do away with for many years, which was, to do away with a third amendment. A law which had been put in the books in this country by congress, when it was found out that the United States through the CIA was heavily involved in trying to overthrow a country, which was just independent. In other words, a new independent country that Angola was being invaded by South Africa militarily. And there in was the United States trying to achieve help South Africa achieve his goals in that process. Of course, their goals were the same. Regan administration failed in doing away with a black amendment. It was only last year that the Reagan administration did away with black amendment, because black amendment stopped of course the CIA's support of that America's involvement in the conflict. It was only in 1986, where the CIA again was unleashed on Namibia to continue it's dirty tricks. It was only during that period again that the Reagan administration succeeded in being able to get military and financial aid for UNITA a bended terrorist organization, which is bent on overthrowing or destabilizing a legitimate government in our area. A government recognized as such as legitimate throughout by an overwhelming majority of countries around the world by and by Africa as a whole. UNITA is basically a surrogate of the South African regime which is trained and equipped by the South African regime. And there you see one sees American people's tax dollars been used to try to finance that atrocity. How do the people of South Africa view this aid? How do we look at this aid that is coming from the Reagan administration against UNITA? I mean, for UNITA and against the people of Southern Africa. We see it as the most eloquent and the most dramatic expression of support for a apartheid. It is true that the Reagan administration said that he was a apartheid was a friend and ally. But this we see we think is the most dramatic expression of friendship. To us it is saying that not only is the Reagan administration prepared to encourage South Africa destabilization campaign in the region. But that the Reagan administration is endorses everything, that aims, all the aims of the destabilization campaign, which are to try to force these countries to disembark from a policy of supporting the struggle against apartheid in South Africa and Namibia. And also to try to eventually give a lease of life to the apartheid system. In giving aid to UNITA ensure the Reagan administration was saying apartheid system should live much longer than necessary. For this reason, we have noted with enthusiasm, that over the past few months, there has been an organizing taking place in this country to try to, again, dramatize United States involvement in our region, its support for the apartheid system, but also to try to dramatize United States support for the Contras in Central America, and its objectives against the peoples of those regions. As far as peoples in those regions are concerned as far as the United States government is concerned with regard to peoples in those regions Southern Africa and in Central America. Our region in southern Africa is said to be an area of interest. In Central America, it is said in Central America and the Caribbean, it is said that folks in the United States backyard. And one knows what one does with a backyard. One grows flowers and vegetables in the backyard. One chooses what can grow and cannot grow other things that grow are weeds and ought to be weeded out. For the United States, Grenada for instance, a very small island the size of Brooklyn in New York, was seen to be such a weed and therefore weeded out, invaded by a superpower that is the United States. In Central America, the Reagan administration has put mines landmines are mined the, put mines in the ocean in that country, the Reagan administration has been financing an organization called Contras which has no likelihood of even getting close to overthrowing the country or even realizing the objectives of the United States in creating United States purpose. We are happy that the people who are trying were raising this issue. And I'm raising this specifically because as we're speaking, I hope that somebody in this room on during this program, but the half buses which will be going from here, I was told. And I will encourage those who are interested to get in contact with some of the people who've been working on on this issue. We see this to be a very important struggle for us we see ourselves. We want to create a situation where everywhere the United States can begin to realize that people have a right to be able to chart their own cause to realize that we in South Africa have a right to decide what kind of a destiny we have to take. That the people of Namibia have a right to do the same and the people of Central America have a right to do the same. Having said that, brothers and sisters, I would like to thank you very much for your patience and we'd like to open the floor for questioning.\r\n\r\n- I just like to say that what you mentioned about in Washington DC do have that they gonna try in order to ask you if you can go out. So in two things people . about the history of South Africa structure how important is that, do you know anything about that.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, at first it came out almost as though it was a rumor. A few days ago, I did not see the the article that you were talking about now. But Israel used to, of course, provide really the important route for all for the Western countries to provide South Africa with military hardware and therefore avoiding going against the arms embargo on South Africa, which all of them have signed. And so an agreement, in not only an agreement on paper, but a policy of Israel to say that we are willing to stop ties to South Africa, especially in the military area would be very important. It remains to be seen how you know where that would lead.\r\n\r\n- During your lecture you mention the duplicity of the Reagan administration policies in South Africa, as soon as they hear this, we are aware of what they are doing, I wonder why would why some of them come to visit here? And what were the aim in . Some ways I mean you enemy why would you want to come and sit down .\r\n\r\n- Yes, basically, because I mean, one cannot ignore that we live in the world where the United States is exist, and that the United States is a superpower. But more importantly, this phenomenon had come out out of the American people themselves. There is no I mean, in terms of the value of meeting the Reagan administration's personnel, it is something that not only, I think the Reagan administration thought it ought to do in order to at least try to give symbols here that it was changing, maybe its policies. But also it is something that many Western countries have been wanting to do. They have accepted that, which is a very important step for us, as far as we're concerned. It is an important step being that the African National Congress is a an important party too the conflict in South Africa. In other words, if you want to solve the situation in South Africa, Gatsha Buthelezi, for instance, cannot be provided as a solution. And this is why the South African regime was so opposed to that meeting. This is why he was opposed to the meeting taking place between shows and our president, why he has been opposed to the meeting taking place between what he considers they consider their ally and the African National Congress. So what was the value of the meeting? The value of the meeting was one of the symbolic recognition of the role that African National Congress is playing in South Africa in the struggle against apartheid. One diplomatically, which now we think is significant. I don't know whether that answers you question.\r\n\r\n- What you feel the 25th of April, gathering in Washington is really, I mean, I have been to Washington, to lots of these affairs . And yet, I think congress has felt the pressure of our concern. And yes, really our executive branch doesn't really have much to respond to pressure around the country. And so that and on those I can get a hand to saying that more and more put upon by South African government things are gonna get worse.\r\n\r\n- Well, I think you're saying that pressure from American people does not seem to do much. I think we have a very good example of how pressure from the American people did much. And this was the facts that were able last year to get the sanction legislation that is perhaps the far more far reaching in terms of what many Western countries have been prepared to do. Many of these countries, that you see countries have only been willing to address the question of lending rights for South African Airways or steel, things like that, that really have no impact and avoiding the question of coal imports from South Africa. So it is because of the American people's efforts of campaigning for sanctions, for disinvestment for divestment, that we were able to have that legislation. And as you will know, the President Reagan himself, vetoed the legislation, the legislation was passed over President Reagan's veto. So that this, I think, suggests that the people's efforts in trying to influence policy in Washington is not in vain. And I think, therefore, the the march on Washington, on the issue of Southern Africa, the issue of Central America is itself not in vain, it will begin to dramatize the American people's sentiments, again, on an issue other than just apartheid by the entire region, and say, to the president that we are aware of your policies, again, in that region, which are not reflective of our own sentiments. And that our feeling as American people is that such a policy ought to be done away with. But also, I think that the machine is also important in that it will hopefully spark some form of interest in trying to find out more about what is happening in Southern Africa itself, so that people can begin to be more informed on that issue, and begin to develop more systematic campaigns on the issue.\r\n\r\n- we know that these were the sanctions were implemented by the United States to South Africa, South Africa government support and this is in opening businesses points divided by Contras by area, as a way to pose sanctions. I wonder what has been done by United Nations by restrictions like that even given permission out to public distribute these things without knowing that to South Africa what does he have .\r\n\r\n- In the United States, in terms of what anti apartheid organizations have been doing on that is the there has been, there was a meeting in Washington of anti apartheid forces involving Washington, often from Africa, trans Africa and the American committee on Africa, which began to look into that whole process whereby companies basically seeing what, saying that they are moving their businesses from South Africa whereas in fact, they continue to exist and their technology will continue to benefit the South African regime. And as one is speaking right now, the ACOA has material available for people on not only those corporations but others which have whose disinvestment was positive. So that this information for people who want to act on it can be directed to an organization called the American Committee on Africa. And I can give people his number if people are curious.\r\n\r\n- Do you have any form the members of South Africa base are in supporting idea of apartheid. Do you get any type of support from other African Nations .\r\n\r\n- Yeah definitely we get support generally throughout, many, all member states of the organization of African unity. And especially through such organization as deliberation committee of the OAU, where all in all these countries donate money is to be used by the liberation movements. And for support is not the same with each and every country. But in general Africa seems to be united on the question of opposition to apartheid.\r\n\r\n- Would you rather have or merge to something different instead of supporting .\r\n\r\n- Like what?\r\n\r\n- Well, men over 13 years old going back home .\r\n\r\n- Ah I see what you say.\r\n\r\n- What would you like to see what type of woman would you, do you have any suggestions.\r\n\r\n- No, actually, I think that you see, I can't in a situation where governments are basically supportive of their struggle against apartheid I think all individual citizens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120285#t=0.0,2783.712"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV203671_South_Africas_War_Against_the_Front_Like_States_b.mp3"]},"duration":812.472,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/120/286/small/lecture.png?1627046060","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/120/286/original/AV203671_South_Africas_War_Against_the_Front_Like_States_b.mp3?1627046060","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":812.472,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203671_South_Africas_War_Against_the_Front_Like_States_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Clothing for the refugees who are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=7.07,8.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Southern Africa and Tanzania.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=8.64,10.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you give us any of your insights into the prospect of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=14.747,18.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"possible challenge that might occur that might not occur","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=18.77,22.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the elections for the (inaudible)?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=22.04,26.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You mean the main six elections that are coming up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=27.97,30.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in South Africa?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=30.61,31.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think what is going to happen there is that the white","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=31.443,34.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"folks are going to vote in the nationalist party back into","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=34.23,37.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"office.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=37.34,38.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what, is interesting is that the election campaign has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=38.87,43.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brought out as certain level of debate on the issue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=46.35,51.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where in you find that some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=51.66,54.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scholars within the Africana rank of society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=55.26,59.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a dominating group within the nationalist party.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=59.64,63.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, going away from supporting the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=66.173,68.357"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the policies of the Bother regime and trying to think up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=68.357,71.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or to chat up a different cause.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=71.74,74.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where in some of course, some of these ,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=77.27,80.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"white people are breaking away,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=80.173,82.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but further to the right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=82.92,85.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, but in the main, I think what is going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=85.13,87.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to come out of this is that again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=87.56,89.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the nationalist party is going to be in office.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=89.56,92.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know whether you are quite aware that there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=95.23,98.328"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are some developing companies that are operating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=98.328,102.101"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in other countries in Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=102.101,104.698"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And are the proxies of (inaudible)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=104.698,109.698"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and these problems they're producing with 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direct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=129.24,130.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have a situation whereby it is not the policy of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=130.22,133.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"African national Congress. For instance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=133.5,135.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I must need to try to condemn any African country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=135.11,140.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Exactly because we do not want to have that fosters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=140.33,143.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of within the, the support movement in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=143.54,147.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of which, where the direction ought to be going,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=147.65,150.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should it be going to each in a whatever African country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=150.46,154.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which after all is a new,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=154.15,156.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is under new colonialist situation, which perhaps, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=156.09,160.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in other words,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=160.65,161.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hence, once in answering that question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=164.17,166.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one has to couch it in those times that yes, of 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unity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=174.67,177.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that even, you know, in New York Times two years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=177.2,180.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had an article whereby it said the most United region 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a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=188.07,190.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apartheid and the independence of, of Namibia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=190.693,195.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I were to list, I am aware of quite, some, some,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=196.21,200.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=200.47,201.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flat, like what Kenya,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=202.62,206.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the things that Kenya has been involved in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=206.07,210.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for instance, in the past, which has since stopped.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=210.77,214.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whereby they would allow the South Africans to a 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station,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=224.87,225.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually the military started, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=225.703,228.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a stop over in that country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=229.286,231.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So enhance that a lot of areas that we can touch can talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=232.83,236.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about Zaire we can talk about this, that and the other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=236.97,240.987"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't think that we'll focus our energies correctly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=240.987,244.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if were to do 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The African national Congress, over the past year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=268.12,271.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been calling on the international community to embark","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=271.44,273.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on all kinds of campaigns for the release of Nelson,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=273.65,276.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mandela, and campaigns have been catching like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=276.79,280.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like wildfire in many countries. And in South Africa itself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=280.17,284.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many buildings have been, but at the end of the day,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=284.39,289.334"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really they are, they are, Nelson Mandela is arrested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=289.334,292.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the apartheid regime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=295.638,297.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as long as the apartheid regime continues to 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threat,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=306.105,308.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a phenomenon that will inspire others in South Africa to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=308.63,312.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more actions against apartheid, then Nelson Mandela","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=312.77,316.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then you have, unfortunately, many of our leaders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=316.38,320.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would have to be released by our people ourselves 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Two more questions. Right here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=333.888,338.888"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What real effect do you see the sanctions that, what real","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=339.563,344.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"affect does it have on the apartheid 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impose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=569.14,572.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against the apartheid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=572.77,575.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regime?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=575.94,576.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To what extent are they prepared to do that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=577.91,582.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Already we have the sanction legislation in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=582.93,585.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States, which is important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=585.1,587.657"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a step in the right direction. in Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=587.657,590.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have some something which is less than which is hardly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=590.91,595.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=595.38,596.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that will, will determine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=597.8,600.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how bloody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=602.38,603.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will the struggle will become before apartheid is destroyed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=604.636,609.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It will determine how much our people would have to decide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=609.45,614.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that what all they're left with is to, to do everything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=614.92,619.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in their own power and destroy apartheid system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=619.08,622.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e One here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=626.36,627.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In the sanctions you're calling for against South Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=628.61,631.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(Inaudible)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=631.87,633.566"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The specific effects on the frontline states and you can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=633.566,638.566"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"correct me if I'm wrong but isn't South Africa fairly well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=638.614,640.625"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"self sufficient? How long would these sanctions take to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=640.625,644.102"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really have an effect on South Africa itself?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=644.102,648.097"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, in terms of Southern African States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=648.097,650.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of these countries have routes which carry goods,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=650.9,655.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the countries for Jews, in other words,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=655.03,658.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these countries depend on routes through South Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=658.01,660.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the railway lines, for instance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=660.44,662.801"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the trains have to pass through South Africa in order to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=662.801,665.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reach the ports.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=665.99,667.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of these countries also still have a situation where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=669.09,673.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many of the people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=673.07,674.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the people will have to work out working in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=674.17,678.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=678.17,679.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question is another question is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=682.94,684.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is South Africa self sufficient? I don't think that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=684.94,688.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, any country in the world can today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=688.01,690.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think to be self sufficient.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=691.29,694.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the apartheid system is a last chase country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=695.378,699.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which apartheid regime is the last regime we can think to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=699.64,704.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a self sufficient system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=704.796,707.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Exactly, because it depends on a last degree.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=707.5,712.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It depends on other European countries, for instance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=714.85,719.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for skilled labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=720.23,721.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it has a policy education policy of discriminating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=721.76,725.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against black people, basically denying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=725.86,728.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"black people education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=728.173,731.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that dependence in itself has meant that as a struggle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=731.01,734.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"escalate within South Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=734.24,735.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only are many white people in South Africa leaving","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=735.78,738.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South Africa, but many people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=738.38,740.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"white people in other different countries of the world and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=741.29,744.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Britain in Australia and so forth are not willing to go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=744.05,747.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to South Africa only to become citizens in a year or so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=747.9,750.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then be con scribed into the military","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=750.55,753.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and defend apartheid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=753.247,754.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I am suggesting that the party system is not self","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=756.6,761.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sufficient. It does not have oil for instance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=761.77,765.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it is an industrialized society that needs to have oil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=767.03,770.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to, to run in order to run the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=770.03,773.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sophisticated military hardware that it has.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=773.51,776.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I see they just brought in your refreshments and I'm sure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=779.39,782.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're other questions, so we're going to be here a little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=782.48,786.139"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while. If you want to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=786.139,788.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"visit with Victor after the farmer part of program was over,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=788.55,792.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will you join me in thanking Victor for his coming .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=792.573,795.944"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (Applause)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=795.944,798.361"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And thank you very much for coming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=803.192,806.275"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31450/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/450/original/AV203671_South_Africas_War_Against_the_Front_Like_States_b.vtt?1627046061","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/450/original/AV203671_South_Africas_War_Against_the_Front_Like_States_b.vtt?1627046061"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31451","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203671_South_Africas_War_Against_the_Front_Like_States_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286/transcript/31451/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Clothing for the refugees who are in Southern Africa and Tanzania.\r\n\r\n- Can you give us any of your insights into the prospect of possible challenge that might occur that might not occur with the elections for the ?\r\n\r\n- You mean the main six elections that are coming up in South Africa? I think what is going to happen there is that the white folks are going to vote in the nationalist party back into office. But what, is interesting is that the election campaign has brought out as certain level of debate on the issue, where in you find that some scholars within the Africana rank of society, which is a dominating group within the nationalist party. You know, going away from supporting the, the policies of the Bother regime and trying to think up or to chat up a different cause. Where in some of course, some of these , white people are breaking away, but further to the right. So, but in the main, I think what is going to come out of this is that again, the nationalist party is going to be in office.\r\n\r\n- I don't know whether you are quite aware that there are some developing companies that are operating in other countries in Africa, And are the proxies of and these problems they're producing with relationships overseas. And so, would you like to respond to that?\r\n\r\n- Okay as I said you know, the policies of African countries are very direct. You have a situation whereby it is not the policy of the African national Congress. For instance, I must need to try to condemn any African country. Exactly because we do not want to have that fosters in terms of within the, the support movement in terms of which, where the direction ought to be going, should it be going to each in a whatever African country, which after all is a new, is under new colonialist situation, which perhaps, you know, in other words, Hence, once in answering that question, one has to couch it in those times that yes, of course, support is rendered by those countries, through the organization of African unity. And that even, you know, in New York Times two years ago, I had an article whereby it said the most United region in terms of regions within the United Nations was the region of Africa in terms of the poll of the question of a apartheid and the independence of, of Namibia. If I were to list, I am aware of quite, some, some, you know, flat, like what Kenya, some of the things that Kenya has been involved in, for instance, in the past, which has since stopped. Whereby they would allow the South Africans to a filling station, airline station, actually the military started, you know, a stop over in that country. So enhance that a lot of areas that we can touch can talk about Zaire we can talk about this, that and the other. And I don't think that we'll focus our energies correctly, if were to do that.\r\n\r\n- I missed the first part of your question. Yeah. The African national Congress, over the past year, I've been calling on the international community to embark on all kinds of campaigns for the release of Nelson, Mandela, and campaigns have been catching like, like wildfire in many countries. And in South Africa itself, many buildings have been, but at the end of the day, really they are, they are, Nelson Mandela is arrested by the apartheid regime. And as long as the apartheid regime continues to exist, and as long as it sees his release as a threat, as a phenomenon that will inspire others in South Africa to more actions against apartheid, then Nelson Mandela and then you have, unfortunately, many of our leaders would have to be released by our people ourselves in destroying the apartheid system and ushering in a new order in our country.\r\n\r\n- Take one more.\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- Two. Two more questions. Right here.\r\n\r\n- What real effect do you see the sanctions that, what real affect does it have on the apartheid system? That's the first part of my question. The second part, you see it more likely that the apartheid system will be brought down peacefully or is it going to take an armed conflict to bring the apartheid system to an end?\r\n\r\n- The first question is the impact of sanctions in South Africa. The impact of sanctions on South Africa would have the results of weakening the apartheid system. The people of South Africa and the African national Congress came to that position of calling for international sanctions against apartheid system. Having realized that the regime is being propped up by the multinational corporations. In other words, that the, the IBM's or the General Motors or those corporations, which were operating in South Africa were also providing that technology that the South African regime needed in order to run the technologically advanced society that South Africa is. South Africa, for instance, does not have the oil, but it's thanks to oil that it receives from such, from any corporate, from oil companies, for instance, in the United States, that it has been able to carry out its war against the region to carry out, continued it's occupation against Angola. It extends to economic corporations that South Africa has enjoyed from even the United States government starting in 1960. Whereby the United States began to have a program of another nuclear for peace program and an interchange or a relationship of with South Africa in the area of, of nuclear. What has happened since the sixties was that the many, some South Africa nuclear scientists have since come to this country to go to universities, a place somewhere in Texas to study nuclear physics. What has happened since then has been that in 1977 or around that time South Africa was alleged, actually was discovered to have tested a nuclear bomb, both by Soviet scientists and by United States Pentagon United States, scientists, grudgingly. So it is those kinds of relations that take place in the economic, you know, whether it's economically or militarily that strengthened the apartheid system. And we think sanctions our position is that sanctions would stop that. Sanctions would therefore speed up the process was our liberation. Sanctions will actually answer the next question, which was, do you think that this will be a, a civil war violence situation, more increased violence situation in our country? I think this will depend also on a number of factors on, on one important point. To what extent is, especially the Western countries, to what extent are these countries prepared to impose comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against the apartheid regime? To what extent are they prepared to do that? Already we have the sanction legislation in the United States, which is important and a step in the right direction. in Europe, we have some something which is less than which is hardly anything. I think that will, will determine how bloody will the struggle will become before apartheid is destroyed. It will determine how much our people would have to decide that what all they're left with is to, to do everything in their own power and destroy apartheid system.\r\n\r\n- One here.\r\n\r\n- In the sanctions you're calling for against South Africa The specific effects on the frontline states and you can correct me if I'm wrong but isn't South Africa fairly well self sufficient? How long would these sanctions take to really have an effect on South Africa itself?\r\n\r\n- Well, in terms of Southern African States, some of these countries have routes which carry goods, that the countries for Jews, in other words, these countries depend on routes through South Africa, the railway lines, for instance, the trains have to pass through South Africa in order to reach the ports. Some of these countries also still have a situation where many of the people, some of the people will have to work out working in South Africa. The question is another question is, is South Africa self sufficient? I don't think that, you know, any country in the world can today, think to be self sufficient. And the apartheid system is a last chase country, which apartheid regime is the last regime we can think to have a self sufficient system. Exactly, because it depends on a last degree. It depends on other European countries, for instance, for skilled labor, because it has a policy education policy of discriminating against black people, basically denying black people education. And that dependence in itself has meant that as a struggle escalate within South Africa, not only are many white people in South Africa leaving South Africa, but many people, white people in other different countries of the world and in Britain in Australia and so forth are not willing to go to South Africa only to become citizens in a year or so. And then be con scribed into the military and defend apartheid. So I am suggesting that the party system is not self sufficient. It does not have oil for instance. And it is an industrialized society that needs to have oil in order to, to run in order to run the sophisticated military hardware that it has.\r\n\r\n- I see they just brought in your refreshments and I'm sure they're other questions, so we're going to be here a little while. If you want to visit with Victor after the farmer part of program was over, will you join me in thanking Victor for his coming .\r\n\r\n- And thank you very much for coming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46877/file/120286#t=0.0,812.472"}]}]}]}