{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/599z02zn8g/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Chang-Díaz, Franklin R., NASA--Space Program and the Impact on Developing Nations"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203926 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["NASA--Space Program and the Impact on Developing Nations is an April 23, 1990 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Franklin Chang-Díaz. Franklin Chang-Díaz discusses what we can learn about the Earth by photographing it from space.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/090/small/lecture.png?1622564915","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116090","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - 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week","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=7.91,10.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to solve the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=10.68,12.525"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've got more difficult problems up there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=12.525,15.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the space, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=15.18,16.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On behalf of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=18.2,19.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Society of Outstanding Professional Engineers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=19.033,22.308"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The College of Engineering, The Committee of Lectures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=22.308,24.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Office of Minority Student Affairs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=24.85,27.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Iowa Space Grant Consortium,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=27.32,29.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we welcome you and to this lecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=29.81,33.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are really pleased","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=35.98,36.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have one of our outstanding scientist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=36.95,40.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Franklin Chang-Diaz who just survived","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=42.872,46.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the trip, out there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=47.32,49.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Chang-Diaz attended the University of Connecticut,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=51.517,54.436"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where he got his degree in Mechanical Engineering","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=54.436,57.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then he got his PhD in Physics at the MIT.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=57.23,61.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you already know he is one of the crew members","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=61.67,65.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Atlantis and the Columbia space shuttle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=65.41,68.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In addition he has all the projects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=68.57,70.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he's working really hard to bring some countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=70.8,74.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working together for their space programs themself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=74.65,79.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I said before, we thank you Dr. Franklin Chang-Díaz","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=80.03,83.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to all of you to come this evening to share.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=83.88,88.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It will be very interesting to hear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=88.979,91.215"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about his experience and the space","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=91.215,93.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the programs that the NASA has for the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=93.147,97.528"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's give him a welcome to Iowa State.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=97.528,100.778"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=120.878,123.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First time I come this state,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=123.45,125.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and first time at your university.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=125.92,128.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I really thank you for this opportunity to come and visit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=128.69,132.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I hope that I will have a chance sometime","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=132.01,134.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the future to entertain some of you down there in Houston","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=134.53,138.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the weather is a little bit warmer than here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=138.22,141.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it is pretty warm now today here in the north.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=142.52,145.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have with me today two things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=146.63,150.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first thing that you're going to see is a set","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=151.34,153.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of pictures, slides, focusing a little bit on the earth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=153.03,158.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since yesterday was earth day","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=159.07,163.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a lot of people probably celebrated this 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beautiful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=185.04,190.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more than earth, but in fact already shows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=192.04,195.351"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the clear signs of being a little bit tired","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=195.351,196.184"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of human incursion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=196.184,201.184"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I hope to point some of those things out to 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mission.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=237.34,242.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mission, The Galileo Mission","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=243.53,245.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on board the Space Shuttle Atlantis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=246.81,248.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you'll see kind of the summary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=248.89,250.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the highlights of that flight, which ended last October.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=250.85,255.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you'll get a chance to appreciate a little bit more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=258.018,261.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what astronauts do up there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=261.32,266.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't just play around with eminence and peanuts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=266.33,270.664"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we try to help out a little bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=270.664,273.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the carrying out experimentation in a variety of fields.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=273.497,278.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I know that a lot of students here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=279.83,282.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who might someday want to pursue careers in space.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=282.04,286.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know a lot of them have questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=286.13,288.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as to what are the best fields to follow,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=288.48,292.487"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and perhaps this will orient them a little bit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=292.487,296.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then if there's still time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=296.09,297.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you guys are not too tired","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=297.78,300.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can entertain however many comments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=300.0,302.434"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or questions you have afterwards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=302.434,305.184"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I got to get my pointer here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=306.647,308.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I don't know if I'll be all to reach all the way up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=311.856,313.939"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the screens up there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=313.939,316.356"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Got my buttons here, there you go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=317.822,320.655"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I need somebody to, okay great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=326.182,329.099"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like I said focusing a little bit on the earth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=334.049,338.104"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this picture here is perhaps something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=338.104,340.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that people from a long time ago would have seen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=340.53,344.895"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they could have flown in space","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=344.895,346.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but essentially what you see here is a the map of the earth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=346.1,350.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it may have looked during the days of the ice age","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=350.063,353.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about eighteen thousand years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=355.0,357.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the important thing to point out here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=357.82,360.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the distribution of vegetation to our planet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=362.231,366.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also the lack of vegetation throughout the planet,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=366.867,370.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very distinct, very different from what we have today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=370.63,374.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't only know what happened so long ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=374.6,378.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we also cannot predict very well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=379.89,383.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what will happen, in that many more years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=383.02,388.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the present time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=388.53,389.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So extrapolations backwards and forwards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=389.53,392.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are difficult but nevertheless at that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=392.39,397.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Essentially what you see the most important areas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=397.02,399.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course are the green ones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=399.88,401.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which as you might imagine indicate the density","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=401.66,405.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or high density of vegetation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=405.14,407.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as you also might expect they tend to concentrate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=407.45,411.271"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the equatorial 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water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=547.8,552.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course the climate as we see here in Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=553.39,558.262"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot 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hospitable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=563.26,565.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of people would like to go live there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=565.4,567.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, this is what the earth looks like at the present time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=569.32,573.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is a picture which is really a collection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=573.31,576.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of many pictures, in fact about 400 billion bytes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=576.5,581.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of raw data taking over a period of three years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=583.92,588.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by satellites over the earth of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=589.14,593.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It really pays I guess tribute to the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=594.295,599.295"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that old Chinese proverb that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=600.24,601.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"says that a picture is worth a 1000 words.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=601.98,604.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this case there more like 400 million words.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=605.526,609.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, what you see here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=609.5,611.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the so-called earth's biosphere or the concentration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=611.39,616.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and distribution of the living material,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=616.37,619.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"living organisms on the land and on the ocean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=619.907,624.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course our very own life here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=624.18,628.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what I wanted to show you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=629.13,632.084"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll show you in just a second is there this regions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=632.084,635.759"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the earth that are detectably","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=635.759,637.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little bit threatened now by the human activities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=637.92,642.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certain key areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=643.24,645.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are affected even more so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=645.38,648.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by certain kinds of human activities as 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meeting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=913.606,917.372"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all this very biological diversity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=917.372,922.372"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And once again threatened as 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sorry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=1591.83,1594.102"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the southern coast of the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=1594.102,1597.352"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Gulf Coast in the barrier between Texas and Louisiana","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=1598.259,1601.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where a lot of those fires have produced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=1604.47,1608.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've been doing this for 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there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=1697.823,1700.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We see many of these patterns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=1700.32,1705.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a quantum bloom 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Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=1731.79,1734.537"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and no wonder that kind of goes on here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=1734.537,1738.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sometimes though this kinds of 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pictures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=1757.163,1759.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I wanted you to see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=1759.3,1760.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is kind of a of the city of Tokyo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=1760.99,1765.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can see just about every","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=1769.462,1771.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in fact if you stare at the picture for a 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quick.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=1799.659,1802.608"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eventually you see more and more detail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=1802.608,1805.941"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091/transcript/27988/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have some nice over 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We've got more difficult problems up there in the space, right? On behalf of The Society of Outstanding Professional Engineers, The College of Engineering, The Committee of Lectures, The Office of Minority Student Affairs, The Iowa Space Grant Consortium, we welcome you and to this lecture. We are really pleased to have one of our outstanding scientist. Dr. Franklin Chang-Diaz who just survived from the trip, out there. Dr. Chang-Diaz attended the University of Connecticut, where he got his degree in Mechanical Engineering and then he got his PhD in Physics at the MIT. As you already know he is one of the crew members of the Atlantis and the Columbia space shuttle. In addition he has all the projects that he's working really hard to bring some countries working together for their space programs themself. As I said before, we thank you Dr. Franklin Chang-Díaz and to all of you to come this evening to share. It will be very interesting to hear about his experience and the space and the programs that the NASA has for the future. Let's give him a welcome to Iowa State.\r\n\r\n- Well good evening to all of you? It really is a pleasure to be here in Iowa. First time I come this state, and first time at your university. I really thank you for this opportunity to come and visit. And I hope that I will have a chance sometime in the future to entertain some of you down there in Houston where the weather is a little bit warmer than here. But it is pretty warm now today here in the north. I have with me today two things. The first thing that you're going to see is a set of pictures, slides, focusing a little bit on the earth. Since yesterday was earth day and a lot of people probably celebrated this event. We too in the space program take great pride on the work that we are configuring to understanding a little bit more about our planet. And perhaps through some of this pictures you'd be able to see that a lot of the stuff that we see out there is not, that wonderful, beautiful more than earth, but in fact already shows the clear signs of being a little bit tired of human incursion. And I hope to point some of those things out to you. Not everything is, bad, however, the last few sets of pictures you see some of the still very beautiful sights that the astronauts have a chance to see when they're orbiting the earth. And then the second thing that I have for you, I hope to take about 15 minutes showing all those pictures. And then shortly after that, immediately after that, I'll pass one film which is a summary of our last mission. Mission, The Galileo Mission on board the Space Shuttle Atlantis. And you'll see kind of the summary of the highlights of that flight, which ended last October. And you'll get a chance to appreciate a little bit more about what astronauts do up there. They don't just play around with eminence and peanuts. And we try to help out a little bit on the carrying out experimentation in a variety of fields. And I know that a lot of students here who might someday want to pursue careers in space. I know a lot of them have questions as to what are the best fields to follow, and perhaps this will orient them a little bit. And then if there's still time and you guys are not too tired we can entertain however many comments or questions you have afterwards. So I got to get my pointer here and I don't know if I'll be all to reach all the way up through the screens up there. Got my buttons here, there you go. And I need somebody to, okay great. Like I said focusing a little bit on the earth, this picture here is perhaps something that people from a long time ago would have seen if they could have flown in space but essentially what you see here is a the map of the earth as it may have looked during the days of the ice age about eighteen thousand years ago. And the important thing to point out here, is that the distribution of vegetation to our planet. And also the lack of vegetation throughout the planet, very distinct, very different from what we have today. We don't only know what happened so long ago, but we also cannot predict very well, what will happen, in that many more years from the present time. So extrapolations backwards and forwards are difficult but nevertheless at that. Essentially what you see the most important areas, of course are the green ones which as you might imagine indicate the density or high density of vegetation. And as you also might expect they tend to concentrate on the equatorial regions although they're a lot smaller than they are today. The ice used to cover all of the country of Canada and a great chunk of the United States. And of course the United States or the area that is today United States was very barren in the sense of a very dry and very dense, very not very dense vegetation. Same thing with the what is today northern the European countries in Northern Europe, and of course Africa had a little bit more green by its middle but still Northern Africa is quite barren. South America today having one of the greatest forests and untouched areas is actually very small and the land to the south the so called Southern Cone was also very hospitable. Same thing happened in Australia, and most of the vegetation being concentrated in the islands and the southern parts of Asia, Southeast Asia. Well if we look at the future and we assume a greenhouse from the greenhouse effect where CO2 and other gases begin to trap heat from the sun, while the density of vegetation increases towards the middle as you might expect. And the areas to the North of Africa, of course are very desert like today. And climate and populationship also in the United States and Canada will change considerably. Also I've not shown it in this pictures but probably one of the effects will be a rise in the level of the ocean. And a lot of the areas such as Houston today, and parts of Florida and parts of the Western United States will be under water. And of course the climate as we see here in Iowa a lot hotter and a great chunk of the country of Canada will be very hospitable. A lot of people would like to go live there. Well, this is what the earth looks like at the present time. And this is a picture which is really a collection of many pictures, in fact about 400 billion bytes, of raw data taking over a period of three years by satellites over the earth of course. It really pays I guess tribute to the fact that old Chinese proverb that says that a picture is worth a 1000 words. In this case there more like 400 million words. Anyway, what you see here is the so-called earth's biosphere or the concentration and distribution of the living material, living organisms on the land and on the ocean. And of course our very own life here. And what I wanted to show you, I'll show you in just a second is there this regions of the earth that are detectably a little bit threatened now by the human activities and certain key areas that are affected even more so by certain kinds of human activities as well. For example here's the Eastern coast of Africa and the island of Madagascar as you see, as you would see it in the winter time here at the left and on summer time here at the right. And what happens here is that in one zoom period in the part of India and part of the Southeast Asia begins to change the biological concentration at the time of the year. Such that what you see is from winter to summer is a very high concentration of living bacteria mostly plankton, feeder plankton and certain all those kinds of small fish that tend to harbor up to the top of surface. The important thing is that there is a period involved where a lot of tankers activity takes place during that time of the year and in the area today, is highly threatened by the deposition of large quantities of oil in water with a simple fill. In a global sense this is what the what you would see from the summer time to the winter time. And they the northern hemisphere is very devoid of living activity in this winter months than in the summer months when all things come to life. northern part of Canada. And of course down the coast there is certain coast of activity here outside the southern part of South America. And one of the richest areas of fish today, right here in the western coast of Africa, is fairly constant throughout the year. This is also due like two of the most fishing areas in the world, like I said the area in western most point of Africa, and here is the western part of South America around the country of Peru, near the bottom and top. The normal current that comes up feeds this activity with very rich nutrients that sets the whole ball rolling. And of course the, up there on the left, you can see even the activity that happens in the reservoir. Tremendous amounts of biological diversity. Certain key areas that are some what, are affected strongly by rivers for example in the top left we see two closed sides sticking out one on the top here this is the the northern coast of South America. To the left this little city here on the left is Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela and of course the first movement you see, is taking it straight up north is the Orinoco River. And the one further down to the right, is the Great Amazon River. You see how the clothes of biological diversity extends very far away. First in Orinoco River then straight up north into the Caribbean and the Amazon, emptying all the way to the northern part of Brazil. And then it meanders out to the east, affecting that region as well. Into this area of Patagonia, Southern Argentina down the coast the current from the southern islands comes up, feeding nutrients all the way up at the coast right at the top of the figure is the mouth of the great river that platform, which is another, highly polluted river this days. And like I said, affecting strongly the fishing industry in that area. Gulf of Mexico, same situation, mighty Mississippi River coming out meeting all this very biological diversity. And once again threatened as well. Speaking of rivers this is where a river that used to be big is no longer big. Looks like from space this is the Colorado River, and that is the Colorado River. Is we got it little backwards, but essentially this is the coast this is the Sea of Cortez right here, Baja California will follow this way and the great Desert of Sonoran in Mexico is up on the top. So in reality the picture should have been with this way you can orient yourself. Essentially what I wanted to point out is the river, used to be a lot bigger from here to about here. In fact there were some old riverbeds that still remain there but all that's left is this thing. And the lack of water or the high density of salt, the water affects the population upstream. Most of the water is being taken out by the population centers up at the United States. Another view, of the same area looking south, all the way from California. You could see that Imperial Valley all the way down into the mouth of the Colorado River and falls into Sea of Cortez, there's Baja California down south in Mexico down towards the south. Important thing to notice here. This is one of the most fertile areas of the world right here. Imperial Valley and one kind of an interesting thing that you probably have heard in the past is that in the old days the astronauts used to say that from Space you can't see the boundaries between countries. And maybe in those days 20 to 30 years ago that was true, but it's no longer the case. Here's the boundary between the United States and Mexico, very well visible, straight line. And the difference between this region and this region is mainly political and affecting of course the practices of agriculture in the two areas. And water laws in two areas affect the density of crops that come out of the same sort of soil makeup. Here's another one, another more visible boundary between two countries right there, straight line boundary between Israel and Egypt. And you wonder, you know, why is that straight line there? Well difference is the practices of the water, the use of water in this area as opposed to the use of water in this other area. The fact that humans can control certain uses of the precious element can affect very greatly the way that area looks in space. Here's another one where you can see the boundary between two countries, in this case happens to be a river. But you can tell that there two different things going on here. On the right you see the country of Brazil on the left you see country of Paraguay. Well there's no difference really in what you see here and what you see here but except that there are no trees here. And all this, what you see is the soil which is equal to the soil here. But in Paraguay there's still trees, there's some areas that have been deforested like at the top, they're beginning to look a lot like Brazil, but the deforestation problem is a very serious one. Deforestation that causes the rain to come in and wash all the top soil into the rivers and the rivers discharge into the ocean. This is what deforestation looks like when it's the process of being done. Deforestation this is another area of South Western Brazil. Deforestation in very directly quantities affects the local weather. You see the lining up of small pocket clouds along the same direction as the that you generate on the soil. So that phenomena was not seen on recently when we were taking those kinds of pictures of a very large areas and able to detect very definite currents in the clouds affected by the. Here is another one in the north of Bangkok Southeast Asia. This is an area which is very well protected national forest still covered with clouds. Used to be that this area was also covering the clouds on the top but again has been highly deforested. This is what happens when the deforestation causes the wash out of the top soil by the rains. This is the deforestation on the Island of Madagascar. The water running from the hills devoid of trees of course carries all the sedimentation down to the ocean, and affects the local population of fish in the coastal area. In Africa, is in a region that we will been observing a lot for the past few years. We can still see forest fires, even though there's not a lot left there to burn. You can see very well clearly mark the forest fire or the brush fire. With this must be brush fire activity along what is left for vegetation. And you can see some more, this is the the region around the Ethiopia the area od Ethiopia more brush fires. This is Lake Chad, Lake Chad over the years has been for us a little bit of a Lake Chad is in Africa in a country of Chad. And for us since the beginning of the space program, this lake has been kind of like the barometer of that are going over there. This is Lake Chad as it looked like in the 60s taken this photo was taken by one of the Germany program Germany astronauts. In the early days of the space program really healthy lake at the time. Then later on in the beginning of the shuttle program, we took another picture of Lake Chad and it looked like that. Most of the northern part of the lake the northern branch of the lake is gone. Most of the wetland left and a little bit of puddles here and there. And a major puddle at the bottom And then 1986 we visited the area again and took this picture. And this was the lowest we have ever seen Lake Chad here is a puddle on the bottom. Is what you saw in the previous pictures is but it was hardly anything left. So no wonder we have tremendous drought in that part of the world. This is kind of an interesting shot taken by the program of the city of at the beginnings of the deforestation program. Deforestation activities not program in various countries and this would be the mouth of the real Atlanta and top which is Uruguay and the bottom which the country of Argentina. When is down that way and all of the water that comes from this river comes from way up North in the Central Amazon. Well this picture is an amazing picture that was taken in 26. Return to shuttle after the. It was a picture that encompasses about a million square kilometers of land over the Amazon Basin and every one of those in the fire and the that you see the bluish is mostly small. The clouds there is mostly small and. This is one of the most dramatic pictures that I've brought back and closing in a little bit on those. You can see with a higher magnification lens you can see just about every single one of those clones, contaminating that area. Turns out that we were locked out not just the depletion of the ozone layer but we were about increases in densities of ozone at the tropospheric level that is close to where we are, close to the ground. And most of the time tropospheric ozone is associated with industrial cities. Well that's not not true on the. It turns out that a big chunk of the total amount of tropospheric ozone comes from bio burning, forest fires and bush fires. Most of them about 95% of the human induce. Lest we think that burning is a problem that has to do with only the under developed nation but we believe here in the United States, that this is the northern, sorry, the southern coast of the United States the Gulf Coast in the barrier between Texas and Louisiana where a lot of those fires have produced they've been doing this for generations to burn the chaff from the rice and the sugar cane. Very common practice. In fact it happens all the way around the world. And certain cities stand out as areas that are contaminated with serious problems of pollution like this one of the city of Mexico. That's certainly not the only one. We got in most of the major industrial cities that happen by the fact that there stuck in a valley do not have enough air circulation to be able to clean the environment. So this is one of the problems that the Mexicans are faced with. Now that they have to be able to deal and I think that have already begun to take measures to reduce the quantity of the most of the. Well not all bad news this is a kind of a dramatic effort on the part to humans to reclaim some of the desert land. This is a picture taken of Saudi Arabia where a deep well in the desert are able to extract sufficient quantities of water. Those irrigation patterns that we see down in the desert here and there. We see many of these patterns. This is a quantum bloom spot that is about maybe 400 kilometers long or about a couple 100 kilometers wide and this is good. This is a biological activity able that we can see with our naked eye from Space. This is happened to be in that rich area that I mentioned to you the western part of Africa and no wonder that kind of goes on here. Sometimes though this kinds of blooms that have greenish sorry reddish brownish color which one tends to associate with the red eye and in those cases it would be not so good people. Some other kind of just nice pictures that I wanted you to see. This is kind of a of the city of Tokyo. You can see just about every in fact if you stare at the picture for a while you see all this little dots of in the bay. You see right around here all this, and this as well. And each one of those is a ship or at least the ship. And when you see this with your naked eyes not through a photograph but even through your naked eyes and you look at it real quick. Eventually you see more and more detail. We have some nice over Japan that's kind of an unusual pace normally orbits. to get after that far north in our case we did. And we caught this picture of the southern part of the Japanese with this very large volcano in the midst of an eruption. And that eruption lasted several days because we were still up in orbit. We were out there for five days and every time still spewing gases smoke out into the atmosphere. It was quite spectacular. And some of the most beautiful sights come from the Caribbean and the South Pacific which is parts of the Bahamas as well on the northern part of the ocean of the coast of see the kind of tortoise and blooms that still make us really the beauty of mother earth. This is a spectacular view of the Grand Canyon that we passed over again into a higher nation which we've already far north about the whole . This is kind of a, sort of a nice shot of two bodies of two planets. More planets and then of course the moon as if rising itself from the horizon. So think about what . And an unusual trip that we in our mission was the signing of aurora australis which is the counterpart of the aurora borealis which we in certain kind of winter months and when the solar activity in our case we had a large solar player which happened on day number two and a few hours later this very large aurora was just about two three days. And one last shot that I want to always leave without saying that I will is the fact that one way or another we are all astronauts and this is our spaceship. The only one we have. And therefore we must really try to protect. Lemme show you the movie which is already now. And you see different kinds of things that are not so much focused on the earth. Go ahead and let go. 34 we called it the the mission to deploy the Galileo after the planet Jupiter and it's on its way there. It will get here sometime in 1985. Planet and other lead to the atmosphere. Here's our launch day of course, getting dressed up in our new suits and boarding a van that takes us to the path and this is the seconds before with two main agents ignite giving you enough power and computers immediately issue the command to ignite the two boosters. Which once the those boosters ignite there solid there sort of dumb. They don't stop so once those things go, you know you're going somewhere. The top is very strong and I'd say rapid and go to the speed of sound in 45 seconds. Right after the vehicle power there is a very gentle roll maneuver which orients the shuttle in an eastern course going with the direction of rotation of the earth which is about 1000 cube per second. Advantage going in that direction. Here's the shockwave that was generated. In certain cases when you cross sound and the atmospheric conditions are right, you can generate a visible shockwave as you go. About the two minutes into flight, the boosters are sent and they are adjacent and when those things adjacent it's like two with. Very strong force time. The rest of the flight continues this is the, what you see when you're out there. This is the east coast of Costa Rica we're able to see I couldn't taking that shot. With preparations as we were getting ready to deploy the other our task in this mission. Shannon Lucid and Allen Baker, were our prime deploying astronauts. And we're configuring the panel in the back that deals with all of the communication systems. I was more like in this case the camera man for this mission. I was in charge of running the IMAX camera that you see here very large piece of gear that has to be loaded with film and photograph the Galileo in at the moment of course. This is the actual pre positioning of the spacecraft ready for its deployment. The deployment occurs at specific point, time. And my colleague here and Ellen Baker checking as the systems on board make sure already looking good. And I've got hide the camera set up, looking back wards towards. I had to involve this camera and four other pd cameras and small and the movie camera that took this film that you're watching today. Here as a play musical chairs on camera. Here is the actual deployment section which occurs very gently as the whole stack is pushed out by a set of spring which are arranged in a circular pattern around this Galileo and it's upper stage booster which we call it stage. Will be moving out and about per second. When the whole stack clears sufficiently far away from the database then the shuttle itself will make a very gentle which will allow us to see the space craft better. This is a point in the flight which we call proximity operations where we're very close lining in contact with another orbiting space craft. We have to be very careful that nothing unusual begins to happen. This is another experiment, which I had the opportunity to operate the SSBUV. It's Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet experiment, which essentially was set of instrumentation to measure the depth and concentration of the earth's ozone layer and it did it point in space to coincide with simultaneous measurements taken et cetera. Here's another experiment to grow small ice crystals which both Shannon and Dawn were in charge of. This experiment did not work and we were able to get into it and fix it. And finally we were able to grow this very nice crystals that you see in this . Crystals grow outwards like Christmas tree. And we were able to down link live images of those processes down the ground. There's another experiment that Shannon and I operate. This was in the area of imperial sciences. Polymer morphology is the name of the experiment. It was sponsored by the corporation. And we had a very interactive display to control the processes going on inside those chambers. We can talk about that if you want. Keeping on, keep on going here is another experiment that Shan was in charge of to freeze up certain biological processes and then we bring them back frozen so that they could be sent on the ground. We did a lot of medical experiment and studies to look at the effect of weightlessness in the body. Turns out that legs decrease in size lost about two inches here each have here in just one day. And that's pretty remarkable. I was able to do some study of Ellen's retina and we set up the such that we could down link the image of the retina down to the ground in real time. This is a very important capability which allows us to do remote medicine from space. Here's another medical experiment to study the velocity that of blood coming from, of course the heart lead to the brain in measurement taken on my head. The doppler sensor which measured the blood flow velocity into the brain and is trying to determine the certain kinds of effects of weighting, have to do with the swelling of certain parts of the brain, which may used at the space adaptation syndrome or space sicknesses as we call it. Here are some just general shots out the window, of the blue planet as we call it and we had assortments of camera and lenses and films of different speed. The cameras that we mostly used for earth observation, are they're very good camera. And of course the motion picture that you're seeing is a 16 millimeter lens camera that we have here. This has the views of the mediterranean, I'm sorry, yeah mediterranean as your coming down and further down to the northern coast of Africa you can see some of the views of the wind effect on coast is more. Northern coast of Africa is with very large wind and dust storm to the ocean, is more pictures of the Middle East, Nile river, up into city of Cairo the ocean, the Jordan River up to Dead Sea and the Suez Canal up there. The Red Sea, the this one is a picture of the city of San José Costa Rica where I was born at the end I couldn't help but take that shot corner right there. And some of the assorted pictures of the Caribbean Island this is the north, I'm sorry the eastern side of the Island of Cuba. This is the where we were able to zoom in with our 250 lens. And it's so unsteady because you're trying to keep yourself from losing control. This was worrying at times. These are weather activities at night. The earth at night is remarkably alive with all kinds of storms and thunders and lightning not thunder but lightning. And the steady light that you see are the cities. That was the city of and all the surrounding areas and this is a real motion picture of the at the aurora australis were watching with the. The oh I'm sorry, of the windows are real prime real for us we tend to concentrate our activities out there because which is the bottom part of the shell. And it's one of my failed attempts to wash my hair it didn't work very well. We have those special tissue that supposed to make it better but the fact that make it worse. We don't have to go . But life on board the shuttle were five or six days and you have the. It's a lot like being in a camping trip camper. This is an attempt that doing some exercise with lower extremity and a little bit of a workout. That's important to keep them flexible. Because he doesn't have to walk on later on to get back to the ground. Doing the house chores, vacuuming the in the air and circulation system those get full of and all kinds of debris. And meal time you tend to kind of congregate yourself and find yourself an adequate spot have your meal and you have three dimensional space that you disposing. You can orient with any direction that you want by the time you're up there for two or three days it doesn't matter. You don't get really in the way and whichever way is more comfortable that's fine. To purify and scrub the outside from the environment we have those liquid hydroxide since we have to replace everyday. We replace those things with fresh on. And that's how we keep that they are percent concentration of CO2 within acceptable limits. These are the simple sleeping bags or sleep stations that we used to spend the night, about six hours worth of sleep. It happened in, whenever the clock tells you that it's time to go to sleep because it's not associated with night or day on the ground. And there seeing that there's a light that turns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43258/file/116091#t=0.0,1754.448"}]}]}]}