{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/599z02zn3x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Bardini, Thierry, Cikard Conference"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV204000 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Cikard Conference is a March 18, 1991 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Thierry Bardini. Thierry Bardini discusses cultural challenges for computer users.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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complicated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=21.64,25.298"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not appliable to development situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=25.298,28.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This perversion of this 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(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=34.53,37.602"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would let in five (indistinct) of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=37.602,42.435"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are here, exactly what I wanna say 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children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=62.011,65.511"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Suppressed to pervasion and deprived to do today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=67.59,71.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To think about this image of the 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(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=145.84,149.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And try then to see how the computer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=151.17,155.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and especially the 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people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1482.892,1486.389"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let's put that on the right side (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1486.389,1489.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you see, the perfect definition is quite normal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1491.06,1495.127"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It refers to land,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1497.698,1499.198"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it refers to social 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people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1506.093,1509.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now if you go to the other definition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1510.878,1512.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's the labor, international labor of the organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1512.713,1515.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll see a quite different way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1516.81,1518.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to define (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1518.51,1521.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I especially like in this definition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1521.26,1524.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the less advance stage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1524.94,1526.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I see it's very clear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1527.94,1530.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is this people from the international","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1530.43,1532.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"level organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1532.9,1534.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They define indigenous people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1534.523,1535.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with negative (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1535.843,1537.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its very often the case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1537.96,1539.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can hear that they're illiterate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1541.963,1544.279"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they are acculturated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1544.279,1545.915"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they are dominating,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1545.915,1547.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they are spoilt and other few words","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1547.333,1549.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are very interesting to define somebody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1549.517,1551.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is indigenous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1551.493,1552.984"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well if you consider yourself like I do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1552.984,1555.341"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as indigenous from the legal frame where I'm coming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1555.341,1557.719"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that kind of definition and all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1557.719,1562.719"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now if you look at the other definition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1563.179,1566.512"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its sovereign.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1567.599,1569.329"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's like so well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1569.329,1570.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I like it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1570.707,1571.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it doesn't inform you a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1571.54,1574.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the one I am, I guess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1574.35,1576.921"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1576.921,1579.675"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But finally I took the easy way to define these people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1579.675,1584.675"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that was the last criteria used by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1584.838,1587.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to guide during the definition by the way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1588.542,1590.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was the report in 87.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1590.4,1593.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From a guy called Julian Burger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1593.36,1595.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was called reproach from the frontier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1596.88,1599.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that was the state of indigenous people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1600.62,1602.661"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the world at this time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1602.661,1604.728"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the last criteria used finally was to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1604.728,1607.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why not accepting as indigenous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1608.31,1611.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people who re vindicate these stages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1611.35,1614.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People who say, \"I am indigenous\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1614.26,1617.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And why are you indigenous?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1617.32,1618.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Because I am indigenous\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1618.407,1619.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't have to explain why I am indigenous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1619.95,1623.305"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would you want me to put my words in your discuss?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1623.305,1626.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is that word he says?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1626.46,1628.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the feeling is the good way to define","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1630.325,1633.742"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it also goes against all these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1635.12,1640.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"temptation of imperialism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1640.24,1642.792"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of controlling imperialism, that 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definition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1648.536,1650.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are acting in an imperialist way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1650.98,1653.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if I say something to you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1654.684,1658.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"speaking of my own case of indigenous from this little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1658.06,1661.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1661.31,1662.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Speaking about who are you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1662.31,1664.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are you them that will be imperialist again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1664.51,1667.285"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like everybody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1667.285,1668.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What it means to me is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1668.88,1671.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these indigenous people often defined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1671.39,1675.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the process of a confrontation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1675.954,1679.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Confrontation between two knowledge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1679.13,1681.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two system of knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1681.34,1683.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more than are indigenous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1683.09,1684.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Defining them by the negative can't be a good way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1686.11,1688.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to shift the mutual understanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1688.41,1690.461"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I was thinking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1690.461,1693.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I'd like to see how micro computers can help doing that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1693.047,1696.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's perhaps the most provocative question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1696.85,1699.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm thinking here, in this fourth point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1702.497,1705.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was an article published by a (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1706.761,1710.831"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called Bella Moorie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1710.831,1712.498"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who was dealing with what she called first world technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1713.54,1717.369"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in third world context.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1717.369,1719.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is a good way to introduce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1719.293,1723.207"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my problem over microcomputers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1723.207,1726.379"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Microcomputers are clearly a developed technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1726.379,1730.546"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was wondering when I prepared this lecture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1732.41,1735.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was thinking about the question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1736.82,1738.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Where are the microcomputers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1738.883,1740.487"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or where are the computers.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1740.487,1742.966"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually I don't have an answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1742.966,1744.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just have a beginning of an answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1744.12,1746.529"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With some (indistinct) produced by the UNESCO in 85.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1746.529,1749.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What they called automatic data processing equipment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1749.52,1753.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have to confess that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1753.91,1755.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know exactly what it means.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1755.35,1757.472"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1757.472,1759.618"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know and I guess the computers are borrowed if this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1759.618,1763.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this definition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1764.97,1765.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's also a problem with this institution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1765.95,1770.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sometimes the defiance in law so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1770.16,1772.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even when it's concrete artifacts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1772.29,1775.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like confidence, in a way that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1775.04,1776.921"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you are not sure that what they mean is really computers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1776.921,1779.844"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well they mean computers in this case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1779.844,1782.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What it shows is that what they call others","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1782.29,1785.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"export just 1.7 of these equipment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1788.07,1791.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now if you took the other pictures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1793.871,1796.089"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would import of automatic data consistently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1796.089,1799.756"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10% of these equipment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1803.917,1805.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are going to other parts of the world as they say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1805.727,1807.067"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By the way, Asia don't think that it's a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1808.297,1812.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of developing countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1812.383,1813.216"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asia in this case is Japan, Singapore, Korea, and Hong Kong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1813.216,1818.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So 10% (indistinct) more expound to the developing world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1822.909,1827.909"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's just one problem that lies there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1828.407,1831.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That some countries were not in this here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1831.26,1835.129"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't see Brazil in this here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1835.129,1836.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't see Taiwan in this here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1836.94,1838.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, Taiwan is not recognized by the UNESCO.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1838.92,1842.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't see India here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1843.18,1845.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't see the China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1845.16,1848.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So even with that, we still haven't treated the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1848.69,1853.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess that after that we could say that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1854.39,1857.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"computers are developed technically or with technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1858.672,1863.255"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will go even a bit further to 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world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1872.162,1873.747"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1873.747,1874.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will use the work of two communication 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(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1881.48,1884.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the subtitle was, \"Western culture in the computer age\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=1885.9,1889.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He and James Garrett showed how computers 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are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2131.08,2133.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This for me comes to the point that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2135.466,2138.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can define technology by 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paradigm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2143.32,2144.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I would try to play to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2145.777,2148.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we have to define is the 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microcomputers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2193.35,2195.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That makes that sometimes these microcomputers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2195.48,2198.916"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"look like mainframe computers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2198.916,2201.216"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sorry but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2201.216,2202.049"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this case, what I mean is that (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2205.6,2209.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we need to define is not the technology in itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2210.744,2211.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or its interaction with human being.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2216.312,2218.808"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very often regarded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2218.808,2220.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the concept of computer literacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2220.92,2223.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I choose an example here there's the lattice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2223.93,2228.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is an Egyptian 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(laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2341.74,2343.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even 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successful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2691.513,2694.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And she said (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2695.409,2698.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she said, when you don't do it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2698.06,2703.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you have (indistinct) terrible problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2704.36,2706.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think this (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2708.6,2713.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what I wanna say here is that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2714.269,2718.327"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to explain why they started this folk 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okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2730.38,2733.771"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That there's a problem in this way of explaining","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2733.771,2736.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why we should study (indistinct) knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2737.56,2741.599"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how we should study it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2741.599,2744.459"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To demonstrate that I will 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(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2752.07,2755.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they refer here to something more interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2756.58,2758.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for me as a sociologist of science,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2758.56,2761.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that why from the disciplinary perspective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2761.04,2764.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this study, is not (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2764.73,2768.489"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I quote him, he said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2768.489,2769.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Interested in cognitive 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criticism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2775.391,2778.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the failure of (indistinct) taxonomy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2778.45,2780.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to specify the means through which data are 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persistence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2789.543,2791.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basically because the attitude","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2793.649,2796.457"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the disciplinary 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explain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2800.763,2803.912"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how this system is working.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2803.912,2806.162"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's a completely different 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(indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2813.792,2818.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2818.05,2818.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To make this point 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mechanism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2829.19,2831.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be separated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2831.187,2832.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you refer only to performance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2833.664,2836.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you won't see the problem of mechanisms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2837.13,2839.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is, if you of only to the 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performance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2851.876,2855.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I mean here is that this study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2855.413,2857.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"demonstrated that we should consider","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2857.88,2860.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a cognitive interest in this system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2862.069,2865.085"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We should go to the understanding of this system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2865.085,2868.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we should enroll to the understanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973#t=2868.204,2870.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the performance of the 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26287/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/026/287/original/AV204000_Cikard_Conference_a.vtt?1620841505","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/026/287/original/AV204000_Cikard_Conference_a.vtt?1620841505"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26288","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204000_Cikard_Conference_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112973/transcript/26288/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Lecturer] Some ads for Toshiba or Hitachi or that kind of thing in this context. It is a perversion I tried to do. These technologies, this image of being high tech, very sophisticated, very complicated and not appliable to development situation. This perversion of this course, I would try to do today. Try to I would let in five of this. We are here, exactly what I wanna say today, that is, that this technology can be used for people. It's interesting that in this case, it's always white people. And it's always white people and children. Suppressed to pervasion and deprived to do today. To think about this image of the child, of the child and development. So I'm saying that we should see it in a different way. What I would try to do exactly is think about what the labor office, the International Labour Office blending of new and traditional technologies. Blending between the new technologies with information technology and the traditional knowledge of the people. Not this people, but even it could be this people. So I will try to do these in the five beginning with the basic understanding of technology transfer we have, considering time. That is the We have tried to show that going further, we'll need some new tools that will model of communication according to and the constructive is to put the emphasis on the indigenous knowledge system, the central point of this And try then to see how the computer and especially the microcomputer. It has to be clear that lower interest is microcomputer. And that computers in general, and I would try to make a point on the difference between microcomputers and the whole computers. And for that, I will use some examples of microcomputers for development. And I would especially use to catch some expelled systems used for development by anthropologists. As some of you brethren would be a bit disappointed that I don't do any evaluation of the new systems in microcomputers for development. This evaluation is very difficult to do. Mainly because of lack of what I would try to do today for you is giving you a framework to consider this problem. That is basically the way I saw the microcomputers. We can learn how to be That is I would try to show the importance of the deficiency of it, for development as a starting of my talk. The history of the extension function based on perhaps the first way we think about this development problem was from the beginning to replicate the US model of extension, it has been a written alert about this. The US model of the famous land grab system was implemented in third world countries after the second world war. Even if sometime it has been made before I was thinking even for the case of Venezuela where before the second world war, already there was some information of the American Like the institution, the American institution. What I tried to show in this slide, is the image, the symbol of the mirror image. That's what we tried to do. It's also by the way, an ad for a microelectronics company. That's interesting. That's also another trailer, we tried to give a few words of that today. The use of apps in all this is, I would like to point about this. Well I wanna say this way, the mirror image also had been qualified for this application of the US model of slavish coffee. This idea of slavish coffee and I take this word from the report from and few other scholars in 76. Explain that the reputation of the US model overseas neglected the situation of this country and the situation of the extension services. I would like today to show that peace is according to me, the most striking point of this history. It is fidelity to the diffusion tradition. In its first action, in its earlier reaction the most linear reaction. Now the diffusion tradition itself evolved and I will use two evolution of this tradition in terms of research. That is the concept of reinvention and the concept of this neutralized model. Reinvention, this is also an ad for not for microelectronic company but for one possible application of microelectronic that is geographic information systems and in this case images of satellites. I really love this slogan because it gives exactly the idea of reinvention. Not two businesses, seeing the same thing but that, two people seeing the same innovation People reinvent innovation. People add up innovation to their own needs. A lot of studies of innovation, the most stream to the 70's that innovation can't be considered as a that won't evolve during it's diffusional implementation. These are acknowledgement of the reinvention feature of diffusion, helps us to understand that we have to consider innovation during implementation. And went through a different way of seeing innovation after the acknowledgement of innovation. The second concept I will single out today, we will talk about is the decentralized system of infusion. And it's again an ad for a micro electric company like Motorola is more than micro electrons. And again to give this everywhere. There's not a centralization of the people who create, invent and then diffuse. The centralized model of diffusion was the first model from the very beginning. It was considered as the linear model of diffusion. It evolved and we understood that are everywhere. I don't want to go on any further on this infusion tradition because I guess that most of you are familiar to it. I just wanted to emphasize these two points. Reinvention and decentralized model and the starting point of a new way to consider innovation. This new way helps us create new tools to consider innovation. From the starting point. And I will consider two ways to bring more than version of diffusion. One thing that program. So we'll now head on to the second The emergence of these new tools for communication has been synchronized of an important stage in the way we consider information during the 70s. Both from the scholarly point of view and from a practical point of view, professional point of view. This step is an important step have been qualified by those projects in 76 . As the basing of the government probably in development. During the 70s mainly, the concept of developing has been really fine. In kind of challenging way, perhaps we could say that the concept of development has been reinvented by the practitioners of the field at this time. According to several lines, first the process of section change that has made the people part of this development. And it has been also reinventing or redefined in its objective. Before this time it was so that development was mainly economical development. That is the measure of this was gross national product, some refined way But this time scholars begin to introduce different ways to think about it. And especially social advancement. People begin to ensure development in terms of number of medical doctors for 1000 inhabitants. Access to literacy and something that was That also being considered for the much already that was politically clear. The envy around introducing this If we go back, go back again, this side is also a disdain. that's also another way to consider this. So, the first new tool. When I say new tool that means development. That The new, kind of new model of communication that is the convergence model. Communication at this time must be considered as a process toward mutual understanding. And that stupid move from somebody emailing a message to somebody that will passively receive this message. This mutual understanding is a slow process and interactive process that is never completely achieved. And it's also something important, that means that if you can vindicate people there will be always above of beliefs or the attitudes of this people that you will never understand. That means also that despite these people is there identity that you will never touch. And you have to respect that and you have to consider that. That's why I'm saying And this was perhaps the very beginning of the idea that top down strategies completely impossible. Now I will go to the which are much more familiar that's where I call the constructive. I will introduce it by This constructive program is also a movement in art. In the early 20th century in Russia, it has been developed after that. In a new, in quite different motion as the Vaus movement in Germany. And when I use it, one piece alone becomes constructivist movement in Russia. Which says that it is a piece about the pacifiers. What is interesting in this way, it shows that it is telling that, speaking about the indigenous pacifiers. The slogan says, \"Better pacifiers that have never been or ever will be.\" And a representation of the pacifier itself is very constrictive. Now more seriously, even if this was very serious the constrictive problem in sociology has been well expressed by Steve Wolgar. Perhaps the best expression is these expression that appear in an article just a few months ago the constructive in program is coming from sociology of science. It is in European even if now some Americans started to use it. It came , begun really, was a very tough criticism of different tradition. Actually, just a postulate of different tradition and inversed them. I will express it here on sixth point. I did a scientific, that is the sociology of science expression of powerline between parenthetic What interest me today is the technological expression of the So I'm seeing quite new as the constructive program is going now to technological analysis. Something important intended to go at the beginning. So you have these six lines on, I want you all to have seen it, I guess not everybody can read it. Everybody has access to it. So, the most important thing is the expression social construction from the idea of reinvention, you can't read it? at this time, the most important expression was social construction. It has been also known as the dilemma of social construction of technology after one important group in 1987 street, three different kinds of approaches. European and American approaches. The idea is that from the concept of reinvention that will be the bridge with it's diffusion tradition. The people reinvent or socially negotiate renovation during its invention and its implementation. What this means that all the people involved in a way or another in the innovation are always negotiating the future and sometimes even the past of these innovation. The way that the school I'm coming from in France is considering these classes, is called the translation school. Translation being more than only translating the way you translate languages has a basic understanding the idea of translation. But also the way that you move interest and social definition of the act as negotiated. That is, during the course of the negotiation of technology the act is really negotiated at the same time in their own identity. Coming from the competence model, that means also this mutual understanding. The way they negotiate this identity in the translation analysis, is considered as the way they put themselves as representative of somebody else or something. I will especially consider one point today, is that the constructivist analysis of artificial intelligence. This is also kind of small tariff picture, it's coming from scientific model. It's about some expert systems. So artificial intelligence used in architecture. That made me laugh a lot when I see this picture, because the example they choosed is a hypothetical museum of constructivists a lot. They are saying it's not casual and it can't be casual. So several constructivist scholars had studied the artificial intelligence control and scene. There's one main control and scene in artificial intelligence. It's about what they called the computing natural degrade. It's this idea that is very well known for everybody, I guess that these people saw that the brain can be considered as a computer or computer has a brain. That there was direct connection between those two. And into the most theoretical way of thinking about it. Well, there is because of these two versions of the artificial intelligence one being the strong version and the other the weak version. The strong version says that competence of brain and brains are competent. The weak version says, we just have to create expert system that will mimic human behavior. This mimic has one goal, one purpose the performance of the expert system. Now the constructivist analysis of this artificial intelligence control usage shows that these two creatures, mechanism that is the image between the brain and the computer. And performance on that problematically distinct. That you can't feel, you can't conduct performance without seeking to process the mechanism. And mechanism itself, in a way to see performance. We will se that this is quite an important review for my to understand the way we can use indigenous, indigenous knowledge in development. So now we consider at some point, that indigenous knowledge itself, expansion from the very beginning has been sometimes considered as the way to give confidence to the local people in the modern technology they way they have confidence in their tradition. Some people say that it's not exactly the way the school or the movement of indigenous knowledge system consider this. The idea there, of the indigenous knowledge is to use the knowledge of the people for developing purposes. I consider this also to be very close from the idea of blending traditional and modern technology. Well, I'm sorry about this picture. Well my point here is that this blending, sometimes is problematic at the level of rationality. Very often it has become a debate and importantly . Surely consider the rationality of these systems. In terms of the rationality of the new technology. Very often people say no, but this way you have to define these rationality in another from the modern technology. And sometimes they say that it was practical that the indigenous knowledge was defined by it's practical situation. Some people however are like owls in this book published in 1980 by demonstrated that this thing is just using the next step to multi calculate for another unacceptable department. Using the practical way to understand indigenous knowledge just finally legitimize due to that is to defend the new technology. Some practice and I chose this picture to demonstrate can be seen this way even if it's a very good in major blending it's a new this is like a bit of and suddenly the hole is curled in the middle of the spring. Well, some people can say this is real blending. Well, now if they're saying about their rationality of this, it's difficult to put this in modern terms. It is difficult to consider this curls as a good illustration of the As you see some, a lot of religious people, rounded practices for example. The tangent blood of an accusation from the people from the northern part of the My point here also is that, it is difficult to define the rationality of indigenous knowledge. Perhaps because it's difficult to define what is indigenous.\r\n\r\n- [Lecturer] That's blending. When I prepared this lecture, I tried to find that was very I tried to find the definition of indigenous. I asked for more time. I didn't find one, I find something like 15 or perhaps more. Each time somebody was giving a definition, there was somebody else that was giving a contra definition of what is indigenous. I finally arrived at a point where I was thinking that everybody on earth is indigenous from a certain point of view. I would think that for registration of these two different issues of indigenous people one being from the world council of indigenous people, let's put that on the right side As you see, the perfect definition is quite normal. It refers to land, it refers to social traditions, it refers to language, it refers finally to a lot of features of this people. Now if you go to the other definition, it's the labor, international labor of the organization. You'll see a quite different way to define I especially like in this definition, the less advance stage because I see it's very clear there is this people from the international level organization. They define indigenous people with negative and its very often the case. We can hear that they're illiterate, that they are acculturated, that they are dominating, that they are spoilt and other few words that are very interesting to define somebody who is indigenous. Well if you consider yourself like I do, as indigenous from the legal frame where I'm coming that kind of definition and all. Now if you look at the other definition, its sovereign. It's like so well. I like it. But it doesn't inform you a lot about the one I am, I guess. But finally I took the easy way to define these people. And that was the last criteria used by to guide during the definition by the way. That was the report in 87. From a guy called Julian Burger. It was called reproach from the frontier. And that was the state of indigenous people in the world at this time. And the last criteria used finally was to say why not accepting as indigenous the people who re vindicate these stages. People who say, \"I am indigenous\" And why are you indigenous? \"Because I am indigenous\" I don't have to explain why I am indigenous. Would you want me to put my words in your discuss? What is that word he says? But the feeling is the good way to define and it also goes against all these temptation of imperialism. Of controlling imperialism, that define somebody else from your point of view. This people in this definition are acting in an imperialist way. And if I say something to you, speaking of my own case of indigenous from this little Speaking about who are you? Are you them that will be imperialist again, like everybody. What it means to me is that these indigenous people often defined in the process of a confrontation. Confrontation between two knowledge, two system of knowledge more than are indigenous. Defining them by the negative can't be a good way to shift the mutual understanding as I was thinking about. Now I'd like to see how micro computers can help doing that. That's perhaps the most provocative question. I'm thinking here, in this fourth point there was an article published by a called Bella Moorie. Who was dealing with what she called first world technology in third world context. That is a good way to introduce my problem over microcomputers. Microcomputers are clearly a developed technology. I was wondering when I prepared this lecture, I was thinking about the question, \"Where are the microcomputers or where are the computers.\" Actually I don't have an answer. I just have a beginning of an answer. With some produced by the UNESCO in 85. What they called automatic data processing equipment. I have to confess that, I don't know exactly what it means. I know and I guess the computers are borrowed if this, of this definition. But it's also a problem with this institution. Sometimes the defiance in law so, even when it's concrete artifacts. Like confidence, in a way that you are not sure that what they mean is really computers. Well they mean computers in this case. What it shows is that what they call others export just 1.7 of these equipment. Now if you took the other pictures, would import of automatic data consistently. 10% of these equipment are going to other parts of the world as they say. By the way, Asia don't think that it's a lot of developing countries. Asia in this case is Japan, Singapore, Korea, and Hong Kong. So 10% more expound to the developing world. But it's just one problem that lies there. That some countries were not in this here. I didn't see Brazil in this here. I didn't see Taiwan in this here. well, Taiwan is not recognized by the UNESCO. I didn't see India here. I didn't see the China. So even with that, we still haven't treated the problem. I guess that after that we could say that computers are developed technically or with technology. I will go even a bit further to say that computers define our technological culture in the developed world. And for this I will use the work of two communication scholars, one is James Garrett and the second is David Bolter. David Bolter in 84 and the subtitle was, \"Western culture in the computer age\" He and James Garrett showed how computers changed the way we considered our technological culture. To another art expression of this, to show how computers can invade all parts of our life. We have now fractal art I was not very familiar. At the moment I was preparing this lecture, I was reading an article and certainly regained I saw the then computer say, I won't be able to do something similar like preparing this lecture. It seems that it's very difficult to avoid computer fault whatever now. What Bolter said about that is that, computers are defining our culture. That computers are creating a special link between this technology and the way we consider our culture. And it's working at the metaphorical level or at the practical level. Every day for whatever activity. You are up here in the States with contact with all the time. For that daily activities. I would choose another expression of that. To demonstrate how our computers invade our control lives. This is from, this is very clear. I guess it is very important. This computer generated pictures of the A's infestation. You have been in need of the HIV virus. So computers are going to every art topic of our society right now. And in defining in different ways. Visualizing the features of it. Usually these styles, the impact of computers for our cultural technology. We are working the way to diffusion People study about computers and study about the impact of computers. And it says, for example that computers, are straight to affect every aspect of our lives, the way I've tried to demonstrate here. I have a point here I guess an important point to note. Is that this image of this technology we find it in our life has been defined as control and common technology. It's a famous way to define computers. I would make the point that these supply more to mainframe computers than microcomputers. And I showed here, it's not very famous but I showed here an ad, for one of the first company, micro companies, it was called \"The people's company.\" It was in 72, in Palawan in San Francisco Bay. It's to show that the ideology of the guys who invented this device were not exactly mainframe. Were not exactly military origin. One of the first characters given are the symbols of peace. These guys were all for peace. They were also social activists. They were reacting against mainframe computers when they created these first micro computers. So when you see an analysis of computers in general you can see that there's a problem. Computers are not one artifact. There are different kind of computers. The microcomputers can't be considered the way mainframe computers are. This for me comes to the point that we can define technology by itself and that's perhaps the best result of the constructivist paradigm. And I would try to play to it. What we have to define is the social of the human interaction with the technology. And this depends on the ideology and bedded in the technology by the people inventing this technology. They create a special way to interact with the technology. In this case, I guess that microcomputer ideology was not exactly in control in common technology. We are working on that, in the project now, it's just beginning to work. Our point is that the evolution and the different reinvention of the microcomputer technology lead to what we know now. Also by a second kind of level perversion that was the business type perversion of this ideology of microcomputers. That makes that sometimes these microcomputers look like mainframe computers. I'm sorry but in this case, what I mean is that what we need to define is not the technology in itself or its interaction with human being. It's very often regarded as the concept of computer literacy. I choose an example here there's the lattice. This is an Egyptian review. of software application. It is, I guess more than the translation over that policies in the States. And our symbols are a way to present this that are going further than only translation . What I mean here is that, this conflict of literacy problem is more than the translation of what we consider most of the time as the computer literacy. Very often computer literacy has been defined here in the states as the way people can manage technology to compete in some people to use microcomputers inside this context here in the States or there in Europe or there in Japan. Now, some people that I'm thinking about his called Papayas who was working for a Canadian few years ago explained that in the case of some of countries, and developing countries, what we need is to define the way microcomputers can help, can contribute to development. And this is more than the performance of the people using computers. And this perhaps is more linked to the That was also the problem of translation You can go to the next slide. And my point here is that, that's another example of how computers can invade everything, even drinking. and I chose this slide to show that and also make a transition to my next point. Because absolute intelligence is also artificial intelligence. And I will try to see now, how artificial intelligence can help linking indigenous knowledge in development. at least finally I'm supposed to talk about these since the beginning. Yeah. The problem is that we don't have a lot of vocation of those kinds of things. I will refer to a set of anthropological works using artificial intelligence there's mainly export systems for modeling development indigenous knowledge. And put this in a relation with development. There are different names of this anthropological work, some people call it techno graphic decision tree. Some people call it expert system application through anthropology. Perhaps the most general way to refer to it is what we call cognitive anthropology. Basically I see that these different approaches be considered the same way under the same basic way of syncing that is murdering the insiders walls. Truly the insiders walls. And I would any microcomputers as I'm saying is these last points would perhaps And we took an example for that I will take the example of a folk export system that has been developed in Peru with the classification of soils. I want you to show that. It's a picture of Indians I'm not sure it's in Peru. It's the relationship between the classification of soil and irrigation. It has been studied by two scholars I think he's American but I pronounce as a French name. And These examples are especially interesting for me because of three different kinds of reason first That these folk system was the of a global management model, field management. So we'll see that the whole model begins with this folk export system. That's interesting for me because these development example trying to model local way people manage their fields. The second good reason is that this folk export system was modeled from the knowledge of 10 firms. And usually expert systems are made from one expert from the knowledge of one expert. I was a bit disappointed that I couldn't read in their article the way that this STEM knowledge was defined. If there was social interact between them in the way they define this for the export system, I couldn't see that. But it's interesting because it seems to me as the first step toward a social a model of social knowledge. More than one export. and that's also very close to our problem today. Is that this whole system was meant to be compared with the western soil classification. And this is interesting because its exactly the communication problem and syncing. This confrontation of the western classification and a folk sense. Now I would also consider what they give as the reason to study these folk system. There were many good reasons to study this folks system I will here quote because that's I guess that's a very good way to explain how and why they studied this case. She said, in one of her articles that one of the most important finding in the previous work, before the model was that most of it is created in the concrete terraces that is in this place. In this special form of technology. Than is last issues. So what she said that they studied this special example mainly because it was successful, more so that it is creative than last. And she even goes further in saying, yields are high and you can This is an example. This is in Colombia. Is an example of that kind of ecosystem. She said that if this is the kind of way to manage then this field is very successful. And she said and she said, when you don't do it, then you have terrible problem. I think this So what I wanna say here is that, to explain why they started this folk system basically what she said is that, it is a successful system. Saying it this way, it seems okay. My point is that it's not that okay. That there's a problem in this way of explaining why we should study knowledge and how we should study it. To demonstrate that I will use another explanation of that kind of studies. And this time it's by sell of they refer here to something more interesting for me as a sociologist of science, is that why from the disciplinary perspective, this study, is not and I quote him, he said, \"Interested in cognitive science, has also helped to reinvigorate a cognitive anthropology weakened by criticism of the failure of taxonomy to specify the means through which data are selected.\" Why he says that, is that we should study and they do study that kind of system persistence basically because the attitude from the disciplinary perspective that their discipline has been weakened by the fact that they can't explain how this system is working. And that's a completely different way to explain why and how we should That's why we should study . I will. To make this point clear, I will go back to the point I read with the constructivist. Study of artificial intelligence. If you can't see it like he demonstrated that performance and mechanism can be separated. If you refer only to performance, then you won't see the problem of mechanisms. That is, if you of only to the problem of why this systems are performance then perhaps you will study some systems that are not performance in this stage, this moment, that could be performance. What I mean here is that this study demonstrated that we should consider is a cognitive interest in this system. We should go to the understanding of this system. And we should enroll to the understanding of the performance of the systems. 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Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=205.085,206.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In the diagram itself, what are we seeing here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=206.66,209.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, that's, that's basically the 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case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=216.64,219.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fabrication of the solution, dissimulation test,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=219.95,223.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"evaluation, diagnosis, search and retrieval.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=223.79,228.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem coming from this level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=228.757,230.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, that is, the link between the user","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=232.16,235.737"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the resource person in this case--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=235.737,237.661"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e User on this side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=237.661,238.494"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, user on this side, and resource person in this case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=238.494,242.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people that developing the problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=242.73,245.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with their computers the way I dreamed about them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=245.04,247.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On this side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=249.024,250.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Trying to understand completely, not simulate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=250.01,253.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more than mimic, understand the problem solving way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=255.087,258.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the user.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=258.77,259.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is clear now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=262.14,263.967"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And finally, I wanted also to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=263.967,266.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to use this chart to conclude this lecture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=267.565,270.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a tribute to what Ronald developed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=270.86,273.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that seemed to me as a very important work in this field,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=273.46,277.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I wanted to acknowledge this debt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=277.347,280.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this paradigm shift is indebted to Ronald Avalop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=281.57,286.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So finally, I would say, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=288.79,291.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(applause)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=293.299,295.549"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You told me, (laughing) but I didn't mention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=301.924,305.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Origin copies of this text, of the lecture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=305.173,308.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"available for the people who need or would like to have one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=308.53,311.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So just, I only ask eight or nine copies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=312.58,316.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If there is more demand, further than these,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=316.41,320.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can give me your names and I will send you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=320.94,324.266"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"straight in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=324.266,325.099"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we can go with the questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=325.099,327.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=330.717,331.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I just wanted to clarify two points","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=331.55,332.929"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"specifically contradictory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=332.929,334.692"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is that computers embody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=334.692,337.025"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the understanding of their manager.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=338.089,341.339"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then in the end, you wanna use computers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=341.339,344.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to get to the understanding of another,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=344.027,347.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another human.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=347.777,349.049"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have confidence that they're just so general,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=349.049,351.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they're a tool that is general enough,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=351.88,354.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so there's no short change, their understanding,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=354.08,356.355"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they're liable too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=356.355,358.021"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay that's, that's a point I forgot to make.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=358.021,361.268"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's (laughs) perhaps the most important point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=361.268,363.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So your question is coming very well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=363.76,366.305"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's that this technology itself has to be reinvented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=366.305,370.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we know now is a special state of the microcomputer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=370.76,375.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but is not exactly what these people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=375.317,378.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought it would become.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=378.703,381.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I hope that this technology won't remain the same","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=381.21,385.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if applied there in developing conditions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=385.2,388.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I already know that some companies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=388.85,391.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have some link with, are thinking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=391.54,394.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"making new kinds of new computers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=394.1,396.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that could be applied to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=396.43,399.229"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The whole point to them is that they should do that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=399.229,403.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in contact with the users.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=403.33,405.565"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's why we make that kind of discourse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=405.565,409.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Your question also goes to the problem of reflexivity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=410.24,414.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and our own reflexivity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=414.45,416.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that you must 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way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=439.84,442.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Concerned with product,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=447.62,449.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you did mention that you're going to Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=451.692,454.791"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concerned with part of Africa is moving towards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=454.791,457.565"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"indigenous plan of action of development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=457.565,461.524"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Consider this scenario, you know, that's it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=461.524,464.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do we fit them 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know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=475.97,478.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that fellow and under us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=479.292,481.375"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm concerned with part 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development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=488.927,490.844"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And all the, you chose the pen test now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=491.941,495.506"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to know where I would be fit in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=495.506,499.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are we just to forget about--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=499.133,501.026"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I still don't--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=501.026,501.859"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Where does Africa fit in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=501.859,503.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Ah okay, the part that Africa could play in this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=503.49,507.127"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e you mean.\nYeah--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=507.127,507.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Where they fit to that kind of--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=507.96,509.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, within the scenario,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=509.35,512.975"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where it would fit in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=512.975,514.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=514.153,514.986"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e See, I didn't see where you mentioned that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=514.986,518.086"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, well, first, I have to acknowledge the fact that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=518.086,521.956"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many African countries, the problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=521.956,525.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before everything, the problem of emergency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=525.3,527.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the help provided in this case are completely different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=528.48,532.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the kind of application I'm thinking, well, now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=532.79,535.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even if at the level of research,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=535.9,539.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that other things are done in this way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=539.08,541.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, but why I said it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=541.47,542.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you mentioned Egypt brought that up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=542.413,544.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=544.62,545.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Egypt problems to be in Africa too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=545.66,547.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, that's right, that's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=547.43,549.852"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=549.852,551.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I react,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=551.63,552.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I reacted this way because,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=552.463,554.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wrongly, I guess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=556.45,557.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe because people think about Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=557.81,560.369"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the way I just said now, is maybe a problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=560.369,563.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"critical problem of development, that's right in Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=563.73,566.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are some countries are not exactly in the situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=566.93,571.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These countries like Egypt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=571.01,572.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some countries of northern Africa try to go in this way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=572.62,576.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We also have a lot of efforts from countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=576.64,579.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this way, in Kenya.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=579.89,581.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kenya's another example of this situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=581.78,585.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They can fit, why not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=585.82,587.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this case, the kind of model I used here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=588.26,591.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that kind of sinks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=591.157,593.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All done, already there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=593.04,594.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't have much examples about this, but I know that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=595.62,599.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"researchers are doing this kind of work there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=601.286,603.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I don't see any structural or cultural problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=603.73,608.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that could prevent this kind of thing to be done there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=608.18,611.032"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like everywhere else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=611.032,613.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e 'Cause why I said it because, the topic is so broad,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=613.007,616.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I was expecting something, but you sort of pass me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=616.983,620.895"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like, at least you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=620.895,623.265"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean it's true, I've mentioned a bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=623.265,625.476"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about African perspective, or,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=625.476,628.108"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=628.108,629.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I took one example as an example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=629.653,631.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That doesn't mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=632.86,633.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in my idea, that it can be done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=635.365,637.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only in Latin America or Asia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=637.1,638.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sorry if you understood that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=640.516,642.218"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was not my point at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=642.218,644.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was a narrow proof of mine, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=646.24,648.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=652.015,652.848"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I would like to point out that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=653.885,655.668"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since the gentleman was helpful,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=655.668,657.306"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have the privilege of meeting a lot of people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=657.306,659.251"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So many that we immediately forget the names,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=659.251,660.952"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's all the perspective you get.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=660.952,662.642"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nokia was also the same in calling,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=662.642,664.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you don't have to battle with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=664.1,665.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I've, what became across in Pennsylvania,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=665.9,669.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the stated person is a very interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=669.72,672.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"software program developer for farmers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=672.46,674.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the farmers are very happy with this way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=674.717,677.878"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It deals with apple,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=677.878,679.545"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pest management in apples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=681.12,683.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's, I think, a very interesting program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=683.463,684.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the way they do it, I think would be of interest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=684.807,687.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to just, you know, have contact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=687.073,689.285"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'll try and see whether I've got anything further,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=689.285,692.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=692.72,693.566"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chuckling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=693.566,694.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the problem as I say, is my memory is bad,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=694.443,695.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I've said stuff that opens up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=695.95,698.028"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it is a very interesting program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=698.028,699.956"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e From the University of Pennsylvania?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=699.956,701.274"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That's it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=701.274,702.324"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=702.324,703.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And, and what can you--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=703.473,705.072"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(man speaking indistinctly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=705.072,708.739"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e A multitude of others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=709.749,710.848"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughter)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=710.848,713.098"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm curious about what department of this university,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=714.026,718.168"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's very--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=718.168,719.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It's entomology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=719.077,720.101"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Entomology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=720.101,720.934"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's coming from the technical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=720.934,722.624"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It's coming from the technical side,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=722.624,724.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they are evolving with farmers, the local,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=724.05,727.644"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"users commit these,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=727.644,728.917"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're constantly updated with 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knowledge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=734.875,737.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they don't have one specialist or something like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=737.11,739.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That's--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=739.69,740.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And the demand came from the farmers themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=740.787,743.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=743.07,743.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=745.649,746.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chuckles) if I have the right image, I might 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Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=758.2,759.088"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e These guys are very aware of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=759.088,760.236"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you 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on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=818.069,820.098"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this whole area also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=820.098,822.079"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of the guys that's doing that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=822.079,823.721"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a PhD student of mine, who is looking at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=823.721,827.738"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"systems being used by cucumber growers in hothouses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=827.738,832.198"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of the things he finds is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=832.198,834.155"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different growers have different objectives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=834.155,838.206"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that according to the different objectives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=838.206,840.278"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the production, they use the system differently,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=840.278,842.946"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to emphasize the function of the system that they can grow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=842.946,846.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we get very complicated, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=846.493,849.679"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"views and feedback processes of it all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=849.679,852.649"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quite interesting stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=852.649,853.814"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's in English, so you'll be able to read it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=853.814,855.665"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll tell you the name of the guy later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=855.665,857.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Guy did, I don't him very well, that's all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=857.617,859.682"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughter)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=859.682,860.851"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Is he a PhD student?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=860.851,862.376"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, but this seems very important to me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=862.376,865.251"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this decision process, very 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because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=871.949,874.949"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this case, they took the knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=874.949,877.352"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from different performers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=877.352,879.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is something that has to be promoting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=879.037,880.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much more than it is done now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=880.95,883.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Expert system, it's perhaps also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=883.28,885.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mainframe way of thinking about expert systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=885.63,888.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not to be considered as the expert,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=889.58,892.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the knowledge of one expert.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=892.17,894.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there is, I see an application,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=894.06,897.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a possible application, of some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=897.183,899.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"methods that are used in farming system research,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=901.11,904.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to understanding of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=905.7,907.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"toward understanding of indigenous knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=907.49,909.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a practiced way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=909.48,910.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And people, what is important as people are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=910.73,913.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prepared to that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=913.12,914.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's people doing that kind of research,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=914.29,916.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they already also use my components very often.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=916.39,919.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So why not in this way?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=919.02,920.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well the background rumble of hungry stomachs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=922.822,924.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suggests that maybe we should bring this to a close.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=924.4,926.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If anybody would like to join our visitors for lunch,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=926.88,930.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we're going to subject them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=930.39,932.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the cafeteria downstairs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=932.05,933.832"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughter)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=933.832,936.082"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26289/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/026/289/original/AV204000_Cikard_Conference_b.vtt?1620841511","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/026/289/original/AV204000_Cikard_Conference_b.vtt?1620841511"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26290","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204000_Cikard_Conference_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974/transcript/26290/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Like I was saying that it would encourage.\r\n\r\n- From the model of convergence in communication and the social construction of technology, I tried to describe the movement, this general theoretical movement, toward the integration of the user in the innovation process. This was the beginning of a paradigm shift, that is very linked to the study of indigenous knowledge. Our metaphor of this thing would be to say that behind the paradoxal mask of the individual but passive user, slowly appear the social act of the group, the indigenous group, the group who is the basis of this knowledge. The theoretical movement toward cognitive understanding of indigenous knowledge, translate in reality the attitude of behind the mask, and to give the world to let indigenous knowledge with speaking. This is, again, a process of translation. When I used the example of this model, this last model of expert system, I tried to demonstrate that these people, even if they criticized it, they had in mind a way to translate that was not indigenous. Referring to performance in this case was not indigenous. Performance is an output that indigenous people surely know from the beginning. I guess that they have a lot of reason to explain that their knowledge that is not performance-oriented, like the tales in New Delhi. For all this, the concept of linkage has appeared as very important. From the very beginning again, the title of this lecture was the role of microcomputer in linking indigenous knowledge and development programs. That's my last slide. This is the concept of linkage according to Ronald Pavlov. That's an important work and it gave, it grounded a lot of arguments I used today. If you see this, this way of representing the linkage, the part that microcomputers could play is here. And what I call dissimulation of the problem solving process, by the resource person, for user. It is the way that these people here, considering it the users, that is the indigenous knowledge in this case, the indigenous system, are a way to solve their own problem. Then what could be dissimulated, the way they do it, to understand it. And dissimulation, the point I tried to make during all these lectures, is that dissimulation should not be aimed toward the performance system, but toward the understanding of the system. The cognitive understanding of the system.\r\n\r\n- Juri, can you read out the main works so that we can, we can't see them from back here.\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- In the diagram itself, what are we seeing here?\r\n\r\n- Okay, that's, that's basically the cycle of the problem solving process. Coming from, in this case, fabrication of the solution, dissimulation test, evaluation, diagnosis, search and retrieval. The problem coming from this level. Okay, that is, the link between the user and the resource person in this case--\r\n\r\n- User on this side.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, user on this side, and resource person in this case, the people that developing the problem, with their computers the way I dreamed about them. On this side. Trying to understand completely, not simulate, more than mimic, understand the problem solving way of the user. And this is clear now? And finally, I wanted also to to use this chart to conclude this lecture, as a tribute to what Ronald developed, that seemed to me as a very important work in this field, and I wanted to acknowledge this debt, that this paradigm shift is indebted to Ronald Avalop. So finally, I would say, thank you. You told me, but I didn't mention. Origin copies of this text, of the lecture, available for the people who need or would like to have one. So just, I only ask eight or nine copies. If there is more demand, further than these, you can give me your names and I will send you, straight in. Now we can go with the questions.\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- I just wanted to clarify two points specifically contradictory. One is that computers embody the understanding of their manager. And then in the end, you wanna use computers to try to get to the understanding of another, another human. You have confidence that they're just so general, that they're a tool that is general enough, so there's no short change, their understanding, because they're liable too.\r\n\r\n- Okay that's, that's a point I forgot to make. And it's perhaps the most important point. So your question is coming very well. It's that this technology itself has to be reinvented. What we know now is a special state of the microcomputer, but is not exactly what these people thought it would become. Now, I hope that this technology won't remain the same if applied there in developing conditions. And I already know that some companies we have some link with, are thinking about making new kinds of new computers, that could be applied to that. The whole point to them is that they should do that in contact with the users. That's why we make that kind of discourse. Your question also goes to the problem of reflexivity, and our own reflexivity is that you must consider what is our part in this social game. And our part is to promote, or at least, my part, is to promote that kind of discourse between the users there and the people here thinking of new kinds of computer. We're working with them. We're working with Apple, we're working with IBM, perhaps, to do something more in this way.\r\n\r\n- Concerned with product, you did mention that you're going to Africa. Concerned with part of Africa is moving towards indigenous plan of action of development. Consider this scenario, you know, that's it. How do we fit them all?\r\n\r\n- I didn't hear the end of your question, I'm sorry.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, I said. Concerned with partners. You are working with, you know, that fellow and under us. I'm concerned with part that Africa is working towards indigenous action for development. And all the, you chose the pen test now. I want to know where I would be fit in. Are we just to forget about--\r\n\r\n- I still don't--\r\n\r\n- Where does Africa fit in.\r\n\r\n- Ah okay, the part that Africa could play in this, you mean.\r\n\r\n- Yeah--\r\n\r\n- Where they fit to that kind of--\r\n\r\n- Yeah, within the scenario, where it would fit in.\r\n\r\n- Well, I--\r\n\r\n- See, I didn't see where you mentioned that,\r\n\r\n- Yeah, well, first, I have to acknowledge the fact that in many African countries, the problem, before everything, the problem of emergency. And the help provided in this case are completely different that the kind of application I'm thinking, well, now. Even if at the level of research, that other things are done in this way.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, but why I said it, because you mentioned Egypt brought that up.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, well.\r\n\r\n- Egypt problems to be in Africa too.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, that's right, that's right. What I, I react, I reacted this way because, wrongly, I guess. Maybe because people think about Africa the way I just said now, is maybe a problem, critical problem of development, that's right in Africa, there are some countries are not exactly in the situation. These countries like Egypt and some countries of northern Africa try to go in this way. We also have a lot of efforts from countries in this way, in Kenya. Kenya's another example of this situation. They can fit, why not? In this case, the kind of model I used here, that kind of sinks. All done, already there. I don't have much examples about this, but I know that researchers are doing this kind of work there, and I don't see any structural or cultural problem that could prevent this kind of thing to be done there, like everywhere else.\r\n\r\n- 'Cause why I said it because, the topic is so broad, and I was expecting something, but you sort of pass me. Like, at least you, I mean it's true, I've mentioned a bit about African perspective, or,\r\n\r\n- Okay, well. I took one example as an example. That doesn't mean, in my idea, that it can be done only in Latin America or Asia. I'm sorry if you understood that. That was not my point at all. That was a narrow proof of mine, yes. Yeah?\r\n\r\n- I would like to point out that since the gentleman was helpful, we have the privilege of meeting a lot of people. So many that we immediately forget the names, that's all the perspective you get. Nokia was also the same in calling, so you don't have to battle with what I've, what became across in Pennsylvania, the stated person is a very interesting software program developer for farmers, the farmers are very happy with this way. It deals with apple, pest management in apples. It's, I think, a very interesting program, the way they do it, I think would be of interest, to just, you know, have contact. And I'll try and see whether I've got anything further, but this, the problem as I say, is my memory is bad, and I've said stuff that opens up, but it is a very interesting program.\r\n\r\n- From the University of Pennsylvania?\r\n\r\n- That's it. That's it.\r\n\r\n- And, and what can you--\r\n\r\n- A multitude of others.\r\n\r\n- I'm curious about what department of this university, it's very--\r\n\r\n- It's entomology.\r\n\r\n- Entomology. So it's coming from the technical.\r\n\r\n- It's coming from the technical side, but they are evolving with farmers, the local, users commit these, and they're constantly updated with things, and they have a very interesting approach to, to, let's say the technical knowledge, they don't have one specialist or something like that.\r\n\r\n- That's--\r\n\r\n- And the demand came from the farmers themselves.\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- And I, if I have the right image, I might not. It has very much to do with business as a social process of knowledge generation which is being fed into consistent diverges, which is why,\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- These guys are very aware of it. So you can--\r\n\r\n- Yeah, it's a good point. That seems very important to me. It's also demonstrated by the case of Bali, and in this case, the computers very often are used before everything, as a communication medium. And that's so important, because coming from the technical background with these people, it's a way to move toward indigenous knowledge. Perhaps even if sometimes computers are not useful at all, in the riddles they do as a machine or as a tool, only from this communication perspective, very often they are, they are to be used.\r\n\r\n- It, I think it emerged in response to the frustration of the entomologists, that their static managers were never used.\r\n\r\n- Hope so.\r\n\r\n- So it, it is a reversal of actually, the relationship is very interesting.\r\n\r\n- Another thing that might be interesting is that in the Netherlands, we, there's quite a lot of research going on in this whole area also. And one of the guys that's doing that is a PhD student of mine, who is looking at systems being used by cucumber growers in hothouses. And one of the things he finds is that different growers have different objectives. And that according to the different objectives, the production, they use the system differently, to emphasize the function of the system that they can grow. So we get very complicated, you know, views and feedback processes of it all. Quite interesting stuff. And it's in English, so you'll be able to read it. I'll tell you the name of the guy later. Guy did, I don't him very well, that's all.\r\n\r\n- Is he a PhD student? But, but this seems very important to me, that this decision process, very often, all stand in this way. And the case of the, the example I used is important because in this case, they took the knowledge from different performers. And this is something that has to be promoting much more than it is done now. Expert system, it's perhaps also mainframe way of thinking about expert systems, are not to be considered as the expert, the knowledge of one expert. And there is, I see an application, a possible application, of some methods that are used in farming system research, to understanding of, toward understanding of indigenous knowledge by a practiced way. And people, what is important as people are prepared to that, there's people doing that kind of research, they already also use my components very often. So why not in this way?\r\n\r\n- Well the background rumble of hungry stomachs suggests that maybe we should bring this to a close. If anybody would like to join our visitors for lunch, I think we're going to subject them to the cafeteria downstairs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/41109/file/112974#t=0.0,941.256"}]}]}]}