{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/5717m04d4b/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Stallings, David, A Seminar on World Hunger and Poverty"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203360 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["A Seminar on World Hunger and Poverty is a February 1, 1984 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring David Stallings. David Stallings discusses the debt load on developing countries and the impact that has on their food supply.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV203360"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["A Seminar on World Hunger and Poverty. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9wp9tc0j"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1984-02-01"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Stallings, David (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["International Monetary Fund","Debts, External","Developing countries","Food supply--Economic aspects"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["A Seminar on World Hunger and Poverty is a February 1, 1984 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring David Stallings. David Stallings discusses the debt load on developing countries and the impact that has on their food supply.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only.","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/763/small/lecture.png?1613498672","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - AV203360_A_Seminar_on_World_Hunger_and_Poverty_a.mp3"]},"duration":2744.84245,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/763/small/lecture.png?1613498672","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/105/763/original/AV203360_A_Seminar_on_World_Hunger_and_Poverty_a.mp3?1613498672","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2744.84245,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203360_A_Seminar_on_World_Hunger_and_Poverty_a.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e David is a native Texan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=5.67,7.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he received his bachelor's degree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=8.69,11.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the university of Texas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=11.5,12.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Arlington and his master's in economics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=12.56,16.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in Blacksburg","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=16.04,20.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where he specialized in international finance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=20.64,23.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's been with the ERS since 1978","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=24.82,27.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where he's concentrated his attention primarily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=27.58,29.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the area of foreign exchange.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=29.77,31.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has reported on a variety","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=32.7,35.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of issues in the area of international finance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=35.27,39.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most recently, international debt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=39.48,42.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its effect on agricultural trade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=42.32,44.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now it's following this emphasis that he comes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=45.97,48.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to us tonight with a presentation entitled the impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=48.23,51.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of world debt on the third world countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=51.79,54.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ability to acquire food commodities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=54.35,57.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'll just turn it over to David Stallings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=57.69,60.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=62.22,63.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sorry that I have to begin with a caveat first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=64.372,68.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is usually the asterisk that you see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=68.0,69.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the top of a, of any paper that's issued","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=69.89,72.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by an employee of the US government saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=72.45,74.572"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the views expressed here are not those of USDA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=74.572,78.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, I really do want to thank Dr.Iverson","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=79.46,82.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the invitation to appear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=82.39,84.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's really, it looks like the, the kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=84.48,86.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of diverse group that I had really hoped for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=86.42,89.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Third thing is I've not had really very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=91.83,94.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much experience being an after dinner speaker","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=94.7,97.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but being an after a hundred speaker has really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=97.24,99.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"missed strike me as unique.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=99.88,102.299"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=102.299,105.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm gonna break this up into four major segments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=105.8,109.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you may have your choice of dozing on or off","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=109.09,112.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among the various segments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=112.63,115.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First thing is to take note of third world debt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=115.1,118.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm gonna primarily concentrate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=118.07,120.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the non OPEC members or non OPEC world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=120.58,125.228"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Non OPEC LDCs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=125.228,126.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm gonna concentrate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=129.07,129.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on how we got to the current situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=129.96,132.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by taking a look at some regional effects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=132.55,135.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You may have may have heard that I'm going to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=135.94,138.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be talking mostly about world debt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=138.2,139.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think you'll find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=139.96,140.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this has a distinctly regional player.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=140.83,143.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Third, I'm just going to briefly touch","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=144.74,146.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on its potential effect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=146.96,149.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its probable effect on US agricultural trade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=149.52,154.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We haven't done anything terribly sophisticated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=155.29,157.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that area yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=157.26,158.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't think any sort of quantitative measure would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=158.41,162.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be appropriate for presentation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=162.06,163.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And last I am going to look at it, its effect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=165.0,167.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the ability of third world nations to import food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=167.96,172.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So starting with a little overview","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=173.63,177.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of world debt and how he got into the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=177.07,179.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the crisis situation that we, that we have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=179.93,184.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And by the way, there are a number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=184.39,186.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of viewpoints on this issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=186.62,187.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they range essentially from very sunken views","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=187.92,192.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to those that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=193.35,196.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=196.023,198.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may have resulted to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=198.83,199.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=200.948,203.365"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there is enough data to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=205.469,208.136"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get a ample credence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=209.209,210.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to at least say that those who have noted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=210.35,213.451"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this a pre-curious situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=213.451,216.284"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay first of all, I'm gonna start","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=218.363,219.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the chart that everyone knows it to be true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=219.473,223.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is that the world debt has increased our data now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=223.204,226.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The oil LDCs has increased over the last","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=226.95,229.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the 11 year period since 1973.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=229.35,232.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In early 1973","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=233.97,236.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was at a level of about 120 billion dollars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=236.23,240.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and has risen in those 11 years sixfold","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=240.66,244.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to approximately 650 billion dollars in 1983.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=244.47,249.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of the numbers that you'll see here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=250.72,252.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for 1983 are forecast based","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=252.39,255.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the first half of 1983 figures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=255.99,259.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The last half of 1983 figures for most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=259.877,262.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this data is simply not available as of yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=262.63,264.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First thing that is, that is noticeable that has changed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=268.38,271.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the debt situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=271.73,273.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last few years has been the change in the composition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=273.46,276.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of debt from long-term to short-term debt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=276.88,281.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's been a market increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=281.47,282.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last several years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=282.94,284.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here I have it broken down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=285.674,287.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by major regions by Africa, Asia, and Latin America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=287.21,291.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on which I will be doing most of my concentrated work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=291.88,294.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though I'm sure most of you are primarily interested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=294.72,297.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in really hearing the dire cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=297.86,301.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first place in 1978 and Africa short-term debt comprised","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=301.67,306.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 2% of the total short-term debt is here defined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=306.73,310.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as being one year or less in duration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=310.12,312.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With somewhat more present in Asia and Latin America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=313.26,317.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the really heavily colored environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=317.18,321.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the striking thing has been the sharp increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=323.37,326.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the proportion in Africa in 1980","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=326.2,330.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from 1979 and also the secular increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=330.0,334.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the percentage of short-term debt as a percent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=334.74,338.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of total from 1978 to 82 in both Asia and Latin America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=338.37,343.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the surprising thing, and the amazing thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=344.89,347.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the 1983 situation is the dramatic fall","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=347.1,352.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the short-term debt as a percentage of total hell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=352.26,354.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by Latin American countries in that one year period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=354.98,358.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are we talking a little bit more about this later","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=358.02,359.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's primarily as a result","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=359.8,361.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the rescheduling efforts that have been carried","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=361.5,363.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on by the IMF","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=363.85,366.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and commercial banks and central banks in the area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=366.18,369.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Total debt shows an equally reasonable picture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=382.26,385.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we see the genuine appearance that's total debt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=388.23,392.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has increased more rapidly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=392.64,394.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last few years in Latin America, more rapidly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=394.79,398.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last few years and Asia and seems to have slowed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=398.32,402.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down its rate of growth in the African countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=402.04,404.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last few years, over the early 1970s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=404.86,407.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to get a better picture of what's really happened","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=407.49,410.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the two time periods between 73 and 78 and 79 to 83.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=410.19,414.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's useful that took a look at an average rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=416.25,418.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of growth in the two time periods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=418.69,420.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For the earlier period,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=423.22,425.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somewhat surprisingly the growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=425.07,426.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in depths on a percentage basis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=426.88,428.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from year to year was largest in Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=428.79,431.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course you must remember that Africa was starting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=431.16,433.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from an extremely low base and on an aggregate basis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=433.19,437.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"total increases in debt were of course much smaller","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=439.17,441.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in dollar amounts followed by Latin America and Asia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=441.45,446.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, the situation changed rather abruptly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=447.66,451.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the latter parts of the decade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=451.09,453.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and into the early 1980s where Latin American debt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=453.59,457.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grew most rapidly followed by Asia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=457.67,460.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and followed by the African countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=460.25,462.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the major reasons often cited for an increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=468.13,471.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in debts has been the increase in current account deficits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=471.65,476.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the non-oil LDCs over the last decade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=476.65,479.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is really kind of a, a tautological consideration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=481.04,484.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because in essence, what it's saying is that, okay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=485.65,488.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you take total exports add to changes in reserves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=488.81,493.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and whatever the difference is has to be accounted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=493.92,496.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for by debt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=496.36,497.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's nothing more than an accounting transaction in essence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=497.24,500.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we can see that this works out pretty well there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=501.79,505.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the difference between the current account deficit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=505.67,508.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the upper line,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=508.45,510.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and financing of that current account deficit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=510.07,513.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using debt instruments, is some re-evaluation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=513.24,516.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of foreign exchange reserves in that period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=516.91,519.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we can see the relationship between this debt financing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=520.58,525.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or between this current account financing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=525.01,527.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and increases in total debt over the period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=527.3,529.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This line represents changes in total debt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=530.81,533.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this line is the increase in debt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=533.19,538.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of current account deficits over the period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=538.53,541.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These current account deficits, as you might imagine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=546.75,549.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also show a rather regional flavor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=549.18,552.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The top line is Latin America which showed the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=554.97,557.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"largest increase in its current account deficit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=557.19,559.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between 1979 and 1981.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=559.65,564.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asia also showed a sharp increase in current account deficit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=564.03,566.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between 77 and 80 and the African countries also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=566.91,570.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"showed somewhat of an increase in the same period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=570.26,572.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the major characteristics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=579.36,580.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that changed the composition of debts and the period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=580.81,584.987"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the last decade has been the increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=584.987,588.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in debt held by commercial banks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=588.01,590.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we can see from a base of 1973","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=591.63,595.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when some 36% of total debts was held by commercial banks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=595.0,598.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is the only long-term debt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=598.83,600.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Increased to somewhat over 46% in 1983","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=601.92,606.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the increase was reasonably steady over the period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=606.09,610.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given the steadiness and most economic aggregates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=610.44,614.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=614.86,615.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's also shows a marked difference by region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=618.6,620.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here is the, the first chart merely duplicated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=625.86,628.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we can see that the change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=630.582,632.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in debt held by private financial sources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=632.29,635.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this case, I've added together both commercial banks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=635.98,638.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other private capital markets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=638.54,641.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has shown very little change in Latin America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=641.7,645.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our load is still a very high proportion of the total","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=645.48,648.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between 60 and 70% rising to perhaps almost 70% in 1983.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=648.01,653.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The surprising case here is Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=655.06,657.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is this middle line.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=657.62,659.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We started off with 50%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=659.77,661.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of its debt held in a commercial sector.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=661.26,664.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You might ask","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=664.97,666.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what in the world would a commercial bank be doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=666.26,668.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Africa in the early seventies?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=668.35,670.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the answer is that this represents mostly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=670.93,674.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guaranteed debt by either central banks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=674.18,677.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the developed world, loans that were ordered to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=677.67,682.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sent to African countries by OPEC nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=683.8,687.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in return for deposits, et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=687.47,689.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, the really salient portion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=691.41,693.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this graph is the increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=693.61,696.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in commercial loans to the Asian countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=696.23,699.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think this reflects more than anything else","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=700.79,702.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least as far as Asia goes is the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=702.84,705.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that loans to developing countries can be productive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=705.72,709.904"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The commercial sector didn't find these things productive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=709.904,712.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they wouldn't do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=712.38,713.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another major change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=725.8,727.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we saw briefly in a chart earlier has been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=728.05,731.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as percentage change in short-term debt as a, as a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=731.72,735.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a percent of the total.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=736.255,738.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we see here in 1979, between 1979 and 1980","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=738.63,743.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a rather sharp increase in short-term debt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=743.26,746.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is closely associated with that sharp jump","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=746.08,748.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and balance of payments deficits that we saw","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=748.87,750.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that same period. Short-term debt here is not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=750.95,753.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"necessarily just from commercial sources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=753.95,756.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but can also represent the temporary balance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=756.11,759.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of payments financing as provided","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=759.41,761.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the International Monetary Fund.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=761.05,763.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact is the reason","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=763.18,764.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that even the United States keeps deposits in the IMF.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=764.81,768.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, in 1978, we were also borrower from the IMF of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=769.77,774.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the tune of some 6.8 billion dollars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=775.298,777.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One more interesting chart,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=787.28,788.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm sure that we're all aware","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=790.75,792.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this just as much as a third world debtors are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=792.08,795.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that has been the, the change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=795.01,797.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in interest rates over the past few years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=797.04,800.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This top line is a weighted average interest rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=801.83,805.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of seven major industrial countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=805.56,807.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can see a somewhat of a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=807.82,812.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an increase over the entire period peaking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=812.51,814.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1981 and then drop in slightly into 1983.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=814.86,818.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, this doesn't tell the full story","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=819.73,822.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we correct these interest rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=822.24,823.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for current inflation to produce what is called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=823.68,828.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the popular press, a real interest rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=829.47,832.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can see a considerably larger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=832.23,835.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sharper rate of increase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=835.79,837.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This line which is rather difficult to see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=838.62,841.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the real interest rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=841.03,842.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this weighted industrial countries interest rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=842.76,845.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This other line which sort of makes an S shape","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=847.58,850.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around the lower line is that in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=850.23,854.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is at record levels at this point,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=855.13,857.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"approaching 7% for 1983 as a whole.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=857.86,861.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we've got the following situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=863.24,865.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, commercial banks have decided","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=867.94,872.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that third world countries are worth loaning too,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=872.09,874.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a larger proportion of, of total third world country debt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=876.11,879.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is in the hands of commercial banks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=879.84,881.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in fact, an increasing proportion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=881.53,883.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of deaths increments every year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=883.6,886.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Commercial banks often offer rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=887.74,890.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are one or two points above either the US prime rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=891.76,896.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the London interbank offered rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=897.05,899.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a rate on dollar deposits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=899.61,901.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When those interest rates go up, loan repayments go up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=903.0,906.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So with the rise and real interest rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=907.07,909.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States, loan repayments had to go up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=909.15,912.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second thing was this rise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=913.52,915.098"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in interest rates has also led directly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=915.098,918.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a rise in the value of the dollar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=918.09,920.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of these third world countries took","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=922.63,924.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out international loans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=924.24,925.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They took them out in dollars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=925.94,927.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So between 1979 and 1983, they faced a major change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=928.28,932.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They took out loans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=932.92,933.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a currency that they thought was going to depreciate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=933.89,936.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at a relatively low real interest rate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=936.8,939.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then three years later had the situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=939.23,941.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"turned completely around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=941.08,942.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, by far the most important characteristic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=945.3,948.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the current debt crisis has been the effect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=948.63,952.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of real GNP growth in the developing and the developed world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=952.81,957.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the export markets of the less developed countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=957.2,960.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If countries are going to be able to repay their loans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=962.15,964.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have to be able to earn the currency to repay them in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=964.39,967.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They do this through their exports.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=967.29,969.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here we see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=970.38,971.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the last 11 year period for major trading partners","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=971.33,975.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all the non-oil LDCs the change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=975.22,978.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in real GNP growth over that period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=978.46,981.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we can see that during the first oil crisis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=981.03,983.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it actually was negative for a year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=983.82,986.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it also showed a sharp decline","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=986.84,989.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in rates of increase over the period since 1976","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=989.43,993.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dropping to below zero in 1982,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=994.53,998.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a decline in real income","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=998.22,999.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all the developed world at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=999.76,1001.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I can just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1004.61,1005.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can just see those two sharp points up here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1005.49,1009.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can also co-relate these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1009.41,1010.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a drop in total exports of the developed world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1010.83,1015.112"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's really quite an important change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1015.112,1019.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and empirically it has the greatest effect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1019.88,1023.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the third world nations ability to pay off their debts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1023.02,1028.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this decline in export volume","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1029.97,1034.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and export value for 1982 was, it was unprecedented","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1034.33,1039.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the post-war period for the non-oil LDCs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1040.78,1044.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's means that prices fell more rapidly than export volume.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1044.79,1049.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can see that this has a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1054.56,1056.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also has a distinctly regional flavor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1056.28,1059.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think this is really the most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1062.54,1063.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the most interesting things that has come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1063.88,1066.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of the recent literature on this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1066.81,1069.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, in taking a look at Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1070.85,1071.789"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is certainly in a serious difficulty in other ways,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1071.789,1076.789"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the decline in real GNP growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1079.9,1082.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of its trading partners was extremely sharp","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1082.2,1085.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the 73 to 75 period, but you'll notice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1085.4,1090.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that at least for the trading partners of African countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1090.12,1092.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they never go below zero since because a large proportion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1092.85,1096.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of trade in the non-oil LDCs of Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1096.62,1100.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which by the way means essentially all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1100.75,1103.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Africa with the exception of Nigeria and South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1103.19,1106.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, the fluctuations in total export are much sharper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1108.7,1113.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than for all LDCs as a whole.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1113.66,1115.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, show no distinctive pattern of increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1115.78,1119.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or decrease over the periods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1119.46,1120.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The price effects in 1981","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1124.27,1126.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1982 for these countries were really incredibly sharp","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1126.89,1130.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a number of primary products.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1130.78,1132.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the two most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1132.83,1133.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most often mentioned are agricultural products","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1135.0,1138.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which would be coffee dropping some 40%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1138.03,1141.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and unit value during that time period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1141.28,1144.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and peanut oil which is another good example dropping 30%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1144.53,1149.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For the Asian countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1155.41,1156.426"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the situation is not quite so serious,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1156.426,1158.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though income growth in its trading partners","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1161.13,1165.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dropped also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1165.13,1166.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For one thing, one of the major trading partners","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1167.64,1169.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Asian countries is Japan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1169.94,1172.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japan despite having a slowdown","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1172.31,1174.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in economic growth over the last couple of years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1174.58,1177.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did not have a decline in actual growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1177.75,1180.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you can see here on this chart","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1180.08,1181.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that of all trading partners","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1181.88,1183.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Asian countries was barely below zero in 1982","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1183.18,1186.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is not to say it did not have an effect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1187.58,1189.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand, it seems as though the Asian countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1192.49,1196.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are much more resilient to changes and external developments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1196.0,1200.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than are the countries in Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1200.87,1203.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think this is particularly dramatic when","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1203.267,1205.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you compare the performance of the Asian country exports","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1205.45,1209.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"markets to that of Latin America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1209.01,1211.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Latin America the major trading partners,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1212.909,1215.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can probably assume are the US Japan and Western Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1215.31,1220.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"primarily United States, and this closely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1220.94,1224.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parallels economic growth, real economic growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1224.26,1226.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States during the 1970s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1226.87,1228.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, you can also see that there has been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1229.92,1233.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a wide variation and export performance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1233.21,1236.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Latin American countries during this same period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1236.44,1238.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with perhaps the most dramatic drop and increases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1240.28,1243.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in export value from 1980 to 82 of any region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1243.47,1247.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the drops in primary commodity prices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1248.24,1251.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Latin America have also been equally disastrous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1251.3,1255.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably leading the list","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1255.58,1256.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one that's tends to make most people stand up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1256.92,1259.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in their chairs has been the, the drop in sugar prices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1259.63,1263.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has been some 75% in the two years, since 1983","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1263.42,1267.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or since 1980. Coffee prices gone down some 30%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1268.725,1273.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10, 30% and coco 40%, which has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1274.79,1278.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also affected some African countries that'll be gone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1278.53,1281.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Putting total exports together with a total imports","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1287.71,1292.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"show us what happens to the total purchasing power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1292.29,1295.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about nine oil, less developed countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1295.95,1299.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also a rather dramatic picture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1301.7,1303.369"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and something that is doesn't often get seen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1303.369,1306.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the popular press.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1306.29,1307.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mainly because it's difficult to explain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1311.62,1312.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the popular press not to mention here. In the essence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1312.97,1316.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what it means is when this value goes below zero,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1316.36,1319.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less developed countries have to export more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1320.14,1322.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to purchase the same number of imports.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1322.51,1326.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So during the period of the late 1970s and early 1980s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1327.52,1331.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they wanted to use exports of primary commodities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1331.72,1334.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to say import capital goods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1334.23,1336.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had to spend more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1336.87,1338.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and more primary commodities for purchase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1338.08,1340.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we come to the bottom line or in my case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1350.29,1353.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we come to three bottom lines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1353.74,1355.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1355.99,1358.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we talk about a debt problem, all we're talking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1358.51,1360.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about as the ability of these countries to repay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1360.48,1363.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is most commonly expressed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1363.65,1365.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in something called a debt service ratio","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1365.33,1367.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is simply a percentage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1367.92,1370.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of total exports earnings divided","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1370.31,1373.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into total repayments for a given period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1373.77,1377.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nothing really terribly complicated about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1377.12,1379.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although in my case, if it were applied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1379.717,1382.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to my income and my debt situation, it would be much higher.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1382.01,1385.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In any event, you can see also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1385.22,1388.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this decline in the terms of trade, the increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1388.25,1392.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in commercial bank lending, the rise in the interest rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1392.96,1396.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the change in the composition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1396.83,1398.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from short to long-term debts or long to short term debts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1398.43,1402.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the period 1980 to 82","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1402.36,1405.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"produced a sharp rise and debt service payments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1405.66,1408.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This also shows a lot of regional variation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1412.32,1414.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but one of the most interesting things that you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1414.49,1416.896"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can see when you look at this is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1416.896,1420.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this would be the total debt service ratio","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1420.93,1422.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I have it broken down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1422.74,1424.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into amortization and interest payments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1424.22,1427.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could see somewhere between 1979","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1428.56,1430.831"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 1980 specific dates don't jump immediately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1430.831,1435.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to your hand, interest payments began","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1435.79,1439.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exceeding amortization payments as a percentage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1439.14,1441.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the total,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1441.66,1442.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is not necessarily a bad thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1445.42,1447.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Taking a look at this by region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1452.91,1455.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The top line, as you might guess, is Latin America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1457.67,1460.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which shows the debt service ratio","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1460.87,1462.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Latin America from 1973 to 83.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1462.79,1466.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can see that they started from a fairly high base","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1466.06,1469.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from around the 30% range and grew sharply in 1981 in 1982","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1469.65,1474.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until debt service payments for the region","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1476.28,1478.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a whole took more than half of all export earnings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1478.13,1482.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For the Asian countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1486.78,1488.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the situation is almost exactly the reverse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1488.44,1491.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Total debt service payments stayed virtually constant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1491.79,1494.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the entire period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1494.58,1495.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For Africa, debt service payments slow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1497.27,1499.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They slow a slow, steady secular climb","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1499.85,1503.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the time during the same period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1503.57,1505.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna guess slow and steady","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1505.22,1506.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and secular reclining are the same thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1506.55,1508.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Taking a look at the Africa situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1512.87,1516.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some detail, you can see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1516.54,1519.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it does have one unique characteristic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1519.283,1521.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when it's compared with the rest of the regions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1521.73,1524.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Amortization payments are still higher","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1524.61,1526.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than interest payments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1526.33,1527.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is because the vast majority of all loans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1527.8,1531.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the African LDCs are held by some sort of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1531.04,1536.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international institution or some government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1536.36,1538.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and thereby they get a interest rate break.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1539.6,1542.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For Asia, there has been some fluctuation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1544.61,1547.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in total debt service payments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1547.12,1548.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between eight and 10% over the period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1548.66,1551.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there was a relatively sharp increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1551.9,1554.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last three years for the Asia LDCs, but nothing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1554.72,1558.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like what we saw for Latin America and for Asia as a whole.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1558.63,1562.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We start earlier the increased composition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1563.22,1565.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the debts by commercial banks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1565.24,1568.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Asia region increasing faster than any other region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1568.18,1570.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that has produced a, the widest disparity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1570.92,1575.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least on a percentage basis between interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1575.87,1577.979"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and amortization payments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1577.979,1579.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Last for Latin America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1586.9,1589.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I always save the most dramatic for last.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1589.08,1591.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can see the sharp rise in debt service payments clearly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1591.91,1595.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although perhaps not so clearly as on other charts has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1595.04,1598.399"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also their rise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1598.399,1600.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in interest payments as a percentage of total.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1600.163,1603.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll notice here a rather sharp decline","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1603.86,1606.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in interest payments and a sharp decline","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1606.37,1608.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in amortization payments between 1982 and 83.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1608.32,1613.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is reflected in the rescheduling of quite a few loans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1613.849,1618.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Latin American countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1618.79,1620.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The rescheduling often took the form","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1622.26,1624.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of simply taking a series of long-term","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1624.41,1627.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three to five-year loans and making them 10 year loans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1627.31,1630.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And just like it does when you trade a short term loan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1630.72,1633.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a home mortgage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1633.82,1634.989"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you do is to pay more interest at first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1634.989,1637.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that explains a good bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1637.99,1639.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of why the Latin American countries will continue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1639.35,1643.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pay high interest charges","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1643.13,1644.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for at least the next two or three years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1644.64,1647.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So where does this leave us?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1649.55,1650.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I'm reminded of a story that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1652.57,1657.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm told its a true story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1659.3,1660.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Someone I know, read it in a newspaper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1661.64,1663.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and recounted it to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1663.62,1665.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't think too much about it at first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1665.38,1667.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but when I thought about the world debt situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1667.34,1670.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I realized that it applied immediately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1670.67,1672.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What it is is this, a fellow leaves his wife at home","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1673.5,1678.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he hops on his bicycle to go to the grocery store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1679.18,1682.608"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kisses his wife goodbye","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1682.608,1683.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and happily pedals off into the distance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1683.98,1686.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About three blocks down the road,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1687.52,1689.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a pet chimpanzee that has escaped from one of his neighbors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1689.86,1692.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attacks him on the bicycle, rips him from the bicycle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1692.51,1696.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jumps up and down on his chest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1696.54,1698.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bends his bikes, bicycle all to bits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1699.23,1701.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before some, somehow the the police come in and rescue him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1701.0,1704.607"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, needless to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1705.77,1706.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the poor fellow never went to the grocery store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1706.603,1708.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You may say, what in the world is a story you have to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1710.09,1712.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with third world debt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1712.31,1713.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I'm sure that when this fellow left his house","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1715.06,1718.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he said to his wife,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1718.73,1719.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I'm gonna go to the grocery store","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1719.787,1721.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unless I get attacked by a chimpanzee.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1721.17,1723.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right? So when many of these countries took out these,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1723.61,1727.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took out the loans, they were saying, oh sure, we're going.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1727.3,1730.917"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're gonna pay them back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1730.917,1732.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you can promise me the following that we're not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1732.41,1734.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gonna have consistent detoriorations in our terms of trade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1734.63,1738.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you're not going to have great slowdowns","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1738.03,1740.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in economic activity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1740.23,1741.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you're not gonna have real interest rate increases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1741.46,1744.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you're not going to have shortened our repayment periods","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1744.06,1747.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you're not going to have protectionism, protectionism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1747.31,1751.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's a chart you didn't see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1751.38,1752.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well that's because it's very difficult to do one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1754.199,1756.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, it's either zero or none","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1756.68,1758.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there are a lot of guilty faces out there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1759.66,1761.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about protectionism in the United States is a big one sugar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1761.75,1766.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I said it earlier as a major reason for a loss","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1766.09,1770.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and export earnings to at least the Caribbean countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1770.09,1772.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to quite a number of others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1772.81,1774.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The East the European community is not immune.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1776.7,1780.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have asked Brazil to forego export","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1780.19,1784.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in cassava in very large amounts to the community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1784.77,1788.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Last of all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1791.95,1793.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is something that the governments themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1793.58,1795.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has to take responsibility for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1795.36,1797.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as that many governments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1797.23,1799.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is also something I didn't care","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1799.17,1801.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to put up on a chart","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1801.05,1802.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there are so many different types","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1802.01,1804.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of government activity among the third world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1804.0,1806.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so many different responses to their debt situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1806.23,1809.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to domestic conditions that perhaps exacerbated it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1809.6,1814.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little bit, that there's no real way to quantify it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1814.91,1819.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and these range from government waste","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1819.96,1824.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to improper exchange rate policies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1824.69,1828.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to loss of foreign exchange reserves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1828.94,1831.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to price supports and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1831.99,1834.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what is the outlook, now for the same reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1838.142,1841.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We saw that in 1983, there has been a slight increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1843.4,1846.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the terms of trade of all non oil LDCs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1846.7,1848.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which really was a somewhat of a surprise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1850.19,1852.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to people in the business of forecasting, such things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1852.78,1856.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, we have increased economic growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1857.72,1861.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the developed world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1861.07,1863.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This can do nothing but help export markets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1863.35,1865.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the third world countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1865.49,1867.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's probably the most important factor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1868.53,1871.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the longterm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1871.22,1872.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and enabling these countries to repay their debt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1872.82,1875.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As to real interest rates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1877.68,1881.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if I could forecast interest rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1881.23,1882.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wouldn't be standing here today, consensus forecasts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1882.59,1887.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you all know basically what to think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1888.16,1890.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of consensus forecast, no doubt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1890.49,1892.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after having read them for the last year and a half","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1892.09,1894.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the interest rates will remain high.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1894.94,1897.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What they mean by high is another question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1897.04,1898.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for some people it means that they will remain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1898.98,1901.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"above 5% for some people it means that remain above 6%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1901.13,1905.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seems likely that real interest rates will remain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1905.17,1907.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least about 6%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1907.5,1908.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the first half of 84.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1908.85,1910.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For protectionism, all I can do is say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1912.46,1914.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"write your congressmen and ask what are your plans to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1914.76,1917.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The sentiments in Washington now are not good on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1917.55,1920.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on lowering it that's a general observation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1920.79,1925.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one that I would put here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1925.41,1926.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except it would be in the shape of a brick.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1926.53,1928.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1929.98,1930.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Next going to, to turn to a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1935.25,1939.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take a look just briefly at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1940.17,1942.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some potential effects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1945.281,1946.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on at least US agricultural exports","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1946.84,1949.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of debt service changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1950.71,1953.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and basically I've broken it down to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1953.57,1955.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into this is the only chart you'll see on this I promise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1955.68,1959.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've broken it down into three areas, Latin America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1959.17,1962.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is at this time on the left, sorry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1963.83,1966.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all LDCs and all LDCs minus Latin America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1967.79,1971.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is simply a percentage change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1972.44,1974.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in US agricultural exports from 1980, 1981, boom year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1974.09,1979.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1979.47,1980.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1982, we had a rather sharp decrease from the 1980 figure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1980.67,1985.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and needless to say from 1981 and all three regions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1985.71,1989.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the only decline","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1989.09,1990.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the 1980 failure was in Latin America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1990.38,1992.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was also, there was a small increase for LDCs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1994.14,1998.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there was a sharp increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1998.11,1999.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for LDCs less Latin America from the 1980 figure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=1999.38,2003.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for 1983, the change from 1980 is even more dramatic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2004.51,2008.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It doesn't seem inconceivable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2011.98,2015.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that debt had something to do with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2015.22,2017.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've seen that's, the LDCs have acted concertedly to trade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2019.06,2024.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reduce balance of payments deficits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2024.33,2026.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've done it from two major sources,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2026.02,2028.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they tried to increase exports","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2028.82,2030.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they tried to cartel imports.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2030.28,2032.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Agricultural products,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2034.43,2036.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think can really be treated much differently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2036.29,2039.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than other goods and services that are sold internationally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2039.0,2042.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If demand for all business services goes down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2043.43,2047.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"demand for agricultural products also goes down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2047.3,2049.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It just makes reasonable sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2049.55,2052.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think it's born out by the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2052.64,2054.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the total trade evidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2054.83,2056.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the last couple of years in 1982, total world trade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2056.4,2061.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went down in value terms by something like 5%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2062.43,2065.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But for the first time, since 1970 total agricultural trade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2066.55,2070.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in value terms showed a zero rate of growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2070.61,2073.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the effect is pretty clear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2075.582,2077.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of course, with the US dollar increasing in value","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2077.34,2081.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so sharply over that period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2081.52,2083.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it makes sense that our exports declined as a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2085.176,2088.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a percentage of the total","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2088.61,2090.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also as a share.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2090.39,2091.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every year, abruptly changing the subject,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2095.47,2099.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the USDA does an analysis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2100.76,2104.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of food aid needed, needs of developing countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2104.33,2107.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Without going too through this and too much detail","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2108.85,2111.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and goodness knows here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2111.26,2114.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people already dazzled by the previous charts to date.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2114.02,2117.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The basic method assumes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2117.23,2118.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that some countries can afford to import food","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2118.94,2121.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some countries can't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2121.46,2122.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the, what we do is this, first of all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2124.5,2127.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we take a country domestic ability to produce food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2127.18,2130.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We subtract from that some measure of their total need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2131.72,2136.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for food products and do this by commodity group say grains.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2136.17,2139.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The difference between what they can produce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2141.28,2143.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what they need is what they is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2143.35,2145.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we call import requirements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2145.56,2147.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based on their past history of commercial imports","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2148.6,2151.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is what they've willingly gone out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2151.5,2153.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and paid for on commercial markets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2153.41,2155.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to these forecasts of import requirements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2156.39,2160.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We come up with what is known as aid needs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2160.61,2162.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and basically the difference between what they can pay for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2162.91,2165.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what they need is the aid need.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2165.2,2167.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It does not take into account past activity as far","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2169.47,2172.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as food aid goes, but it does assume some things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2172.03,2175.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the way they use export earnings and the most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2175.43,2177.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important way that most important assumption that's made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2177.78,2181.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that debt service comes directly off export earnings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2181.33,2184.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For those of you interested, this year's publication comes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2187.34,2189.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out on June. One or done for a number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2189.42,2194.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of major regions is to take a look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2194.69,2198.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at last year is assumptions concerning death service.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2198.35,2202.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we know based upon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2204.04,2206.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the best available current information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2206.21,2208.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their debt service actually was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2208.46,2210.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during 1983 and forecast for 1984.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2210.21,2214.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what would happen if that debt service for 1983","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2214.04,2216.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 84 increased?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2216.277,2218.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All these charts have a certain similarity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2219.82,2221.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is what we assumed would be debt service payments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2222.96,2226.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for our West African countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2226.9,2228.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This line shows their actual debt service payments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2230.4,2235.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or debt service payments in 83 and 84","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2235.65,2238.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but based upon best current information.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2238.25,2240.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this line here shows a 10% increase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2242.23,2245.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The effect on food aid needs was rather dramatic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2248.02,2251.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the West African case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2251.81,2253.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On a percentage basis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2255.96,2257.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"food aid needs in West Africa are massive low production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2257.81,2262.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"non-availability of, of export earnings and a whole host","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2264.54,2269.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of other institutional factors, which USDA is not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2269.41,2271.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"equipped to address make food aid necessary to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2271.91,2276.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to support even minimum nutritional requirements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2277.38,2279.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what we have here is a, using the actual","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2281.008,2285.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or best available figures for 1983 and 84","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2285.5,2288.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the 10% increase assumption for 83 and 84.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2288.71,2292.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what it shows is this, for all of West Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2292.92,2296.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which includes countries from Bennie to upper Volta","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2296.46,2299.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you see an increase in 17 million dollars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2301.29,2303.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"necessary for food aid needs in 83","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2303.56,2305.944"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to 27 million in 84","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2305.944,2308.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or 30 million in 83 to almost 40 million in 84.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2308.46,2313.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So despite the, the relatively small percentage change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2315.53,2319.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it still is a rather substantive change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2319.85,2321.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and food aid requirements for West African countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2321.98,2326.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not, that's not to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2328.64,2329.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that all West African countries show a similar pattern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2329.67,2333.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is some good news in this, there Sierra Leone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2333.02,2338.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sierra Leone actually showed a drop in debt service payments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2340.66,2343.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the time period since 1981.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2343.73,2345.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, the, the assumed figures were somewhat higher","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2347.67,2352.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than actual debt service payments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2352.42,2354.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we can see that this had the expected result","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2355.45,2359.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of reducing food aid needs for Sierra Leone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2359.67,2363.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were not many countries like this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2365.24,2367.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A picture for most of the regions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2371.89,2373.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Africa is very much the same.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2373.79,2376.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only difference is in the level of drama.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2377.1,2379.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Central Africa which includes Congo, Zaire","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2381.392,2384.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its neighboring countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2386.24,2388.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The increase in debt service actually recorded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2389.68,2393.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"showed a really sharp increase from 82 to 83.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2393.36,2396.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was also one of the sharpest increases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2399.51,2401.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in debt service of these extremely poor countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2401.9,2405.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extremely poor Sub-Saharan countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2405.24,2407.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seven million dollars in 83, seven and a half in 84 to 12","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2407.26,2412.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in both 83 and 84 using the higher debt service assumption.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2413.17,2416.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it was a higher percentage change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2416.73,2419.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that end East Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2419.03,2420.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For the African countries as a whole","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2426.13,2427.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the African countries that are included","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2429.76,2431.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the food aid needs study that ERS does every year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2431.53,2435.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the largest percentage change at largest percentage effect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2436.13,2439.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on food aid from changes in debt service","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2439.68,2442.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was found in Madagascar and Madagascar also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2442.32,2445.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has an extremely high debt service ratio for Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2445.87,2449.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2450.46,2451.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the assumed debt service payments were rather smooth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2451.293,2454.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the actual debt service payments showed a sharp increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2456.4,2460.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from 1982 to 1983.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2460.09,2461.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This resulted in a 13% increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2463.91,2467.158"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for six and a half million dollars, not a lot of money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2467.158,2471.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in dollar terms and 8 million dollars in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2471.06,2475.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using the 10% assumption,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2476.53,2478.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although actually showed a decline, showed a less","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2479.06,2482.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of an increase in 1984 and a larger increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2482.78,2487.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using the 10% assumption.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2487.16,2488.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spinning the globe rapidly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2492.26,2493.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming to a somewhat more promising region","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2494.87,2498.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as food aid is concerned and South Asia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2498.7,2503.509"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which includes as you might expect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2503.509,2505.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2505.9,2509.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This case I'm somewhat,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2510.722,2512.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Afghanistan you'll be relieved to know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2514.16,2516.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it doesn't play a very large part in that and,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2516.03,2518.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"generally I tried to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2520.44,2521.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to choose the countries to show on this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2521.99,2524.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for which since some reasonably reliable data is available.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2524.53,2529.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that includes most of the countries in this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2529.09,2531.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the study which is why we chose the 67","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2531.28,2534.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we chose, any event.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2534.323,2537.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For South Asia, the assumed death service followed this line","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2538.78,2542.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the actual debt service","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2542.89,2544.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the 10% assumption sort of bracketed it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2545.35,2548.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For South Asia as a whole, as a result","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2549.59,2552.374"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the declining debt service, we say and that's decrease","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2552.374,2556.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and food aid needs in 83 and 84 as a result,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2556.5,2561.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a low the percentage is incredibly small","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2561.47,2564.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and food aid needs are still extremely large in that region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2564.55,2567.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Debt service ratios in South Asia are very low","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2568.81,2572.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by developing countries standards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2572.07,2574.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eastern Southeast Asia showed a somewhat unexpected result.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2579.31,2583.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For a relatively small increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2586.07,2588.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 83 debt service and a larger increase in 84,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2588.1,2593.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the percentage changes were quite dramatic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2593.02,2595.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the region as a whole","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2596.61,2597.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using a 10% assumption showed something like a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2598.83,2602.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost a 50 million dollar increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2602.16,2604.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in food aid need requirements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2604.18,2607.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that wound up being almost 12%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2607.07,2609.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, most of this is explained","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2610.98,2613.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by one, one country, which is most recently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2613.73,2616.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dominated the news concerning foreign exchange troubles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2616.74,2619.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2626.15,2626.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I make no assumption in this case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2630.21,2633.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that these debt service ratios are accurate representations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2633.34,2638.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what the debt service ratio of the Philippines actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2638.0,2641.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is in 1983, the recent machinations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2641.15,2644.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the central bankers and by other government officials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2644.96,2648.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in manipulating their foreign exchange data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2648.96,2651.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their debt data make these somewhat questionable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2651.82,2655.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although I think they can review it as a lower bound.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2655.14,2658.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've seen in 83, slight increase in debt service","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2661.09,2665.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which remarkably looks like the same","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2666.46,2668.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as for the region as a whole.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2668.62,2670.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also a sharper increase in 1984.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2671.39,2674.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The result was the largest percentage increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2676.39,2678.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of any Asian country in food aid needs as a result.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2678.35,2681.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something like 7% in 83","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2681.89,2684.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and almost 16% using the 10% assumption last year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2684.58,2689.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But now I know you've been saying well so much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2693.21,2696.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for these relatively dull regions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2696.31,2697.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's go to something exciting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2697.92,2699.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's go to Latin America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2699.3,2701.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, we'll start with Central America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2703.03,2705.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Central American countries as a, a portion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2706.6,2708.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Latin America are characterized by relatively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2708.79,2711.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lower debt service ratios than the rest of the continent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2711.68,2715.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I must also point out that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2715.937,2718.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the food aid countries that we survey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2718.9,2722.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this report unto which projections are made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2722.07,2724.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does not include any of the newly industrialized countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2724.96,2728.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which have been so heavily publicized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2728.35,2730.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as being under severe debt service constraints","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2730.22,2733.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like Brazil, Mexico, Argentina.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2733.9,2736.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=2739.062,2739.953"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22792/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/792/original/AV203360_A_Seminar_on_World_Hunger_and_Poverty_a.vtt?1613498674","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/792/original/AV203360_A_Seminar_on_World_Hunger_and_Poverty_a.vtt?1613498674"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22793","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203360_A_Seminar_on_World_Hunger_and_Poverty_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763/transcript/22793/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- David is a native Texan and he received his bachelor's degree from the university of Texas at Arlington and his master's in economics from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in Blacksburg where he specialized in international finance. He's been with the ERS since 1978 where he's concentrated his attention primarily in the area of foreign exchange. He has reported on a variety of issues in the area of international finance. Most recently, international debt and its effect on agricultural trade. Now it's following this emphasis that he comes to us tonight with a presentation entitled the impact of world debt on the third world countries ability to acquire food commodities. So I'll just turn it over to David Stallings.\r\n\r\n- Okay. Thank you. I'm sorry that I have to begin with a caveat first and that is usually the asterisk that you see at the top of a, of any paper that's issued by an employee of the US government saying that the views expressed here are not those of USDA. Secondly, I really do want to thank Dr.Iverson for the invitation to appear. And it's really, it looks like the, the kind of diverse group that I had really hoped for. Third thing is I've not had really very much experience being an after dinner speaker but being an after a hundred speaker has really missed strike me as unique. I'm gonna break this up into four major segments and you may have your choice of dozing on or off among the various segments. First thing is to take note of third world debt and I'm gonna primarily concentrate on the non OPEC members or non OPEC world. Non OPEC LDCs. I'm gonna concentrate on how we got to the current situation by taking a look at some regional effects. You may have may have heard that I'm going to be talking mostly about world debt, but I think you'll find this has a distinctly regional player. Third, I'm just going to briefly touch on its potential effect and its probable effect on US agricultural trade. We haven't done anything terribly sophisticated in that area yet. And I don't think any sort of quantitative measure would be would be appropriate for presentation. And last I am going to look at it, its effect on the ability of third world nations to import food. So starting with a little overview of world debt and how he got into the the crisis situation that we, that we have. And by the way, there are a number of viewpoints on this issue and they range essentially from very sunken views to those that, may have resulted to I think there is enough data to, to get a ample credence to at least say that those who have noted that this a pre-curious situation. Okay first of all, I'm gonna start with the chart that everyone knows it to be true. And that is that the world debt has increased our data now. The oil LDCs has increased over the last over the 11 year period since 1973. In early 1973 it was at a level of about 120 billion dollars and has risen in those 11 years sixfold to approximately 650 billion dollars in 1983. Most of the numbers that you'll see here for 1983 are forecast based on the first half of 1983 figures. The last half of 1983 figures for most of this data is simply not available as of yet. First thing that is, that is noticeable that has changed and the debt situation in the last few years has been the change in the composition of debt from long-term to short-term debt. And there's been a market increase in the last several years. And here I have it broken down by major regions by Africa, Asia, and Latin America on which I will be doing most of my concentrated work even though I'm sure most of you are primarily interested in really hearing the dire cases. The first place in 1978 and Africa short-term debt comprised about 2% of the total short-term debt is here defined as being one year or less in duration. With somewhat more present in Asia and Latin America which is the really heavily colored environment. But the striking thing has been the sharp increase and the proportion in Africa in 1980 from 1979 and also the secular increase in the percentage of short-term debt as a percent of total from 1978 to 82 in both Asia and Latin America. And the surprising thing, and the amazing thing about the 1983 situation is the dramatic fall in the short-term debt as a percentage of total hell by Latin American countries in that one year period. Are we talking a little bit more about this later but it's primarily as a result of the rescheduling efforts that have been carried on by the IMF and commercial banks and central banks in the area. Total debt shows an equally reasonable picture where we see the genuine appearance that's total debt has increased more rapidly in the last few years in Latin America, more rapidly in the last few years and Asia and seems to have slowed down its rate of growth in the African countries in the last few years, over the early 1970s and to get a better picture of what's really happened and the two time periods between 73 and 78 and 79 to 83. It's useful that took a look at an average rate of growth in the two time periods. For the earlier period, somewhat surprisingly the growth in depths on a percentage basis from year to year was largest in Africa. Of course you must remember that Africa was starting from an extremely low base and on an aggregate basis total increases in debt were of course much smaller in dollar amounts followed by Latin America and Asia. However, the situation changed rather abruptly in the latter parts of the decade and into the early 1980s where Latin American debt grew most rapidly followed by Asia and followed by the African countries. One of the major reasons often cited for an increase in debts has been the increase in current account deficits of the non-oil LDCs over the last decade. And this is really kind of a, a tautological consideration because in essence, what it's saying is that, okay you take total exports add to changes in reserves and whatever the difference is has to be accounted for by debt. It's nothing more than an accounting transaction in essence. And we can see that this works out pretty well there, the difference between the current account deficit which is the upper line, and financing of that current account deficit using debt instruments, is some re-evaluation of foreign exchange reserves in that period. And we can see the relationship between this debt financing or between this current account financing and increases in total debt over the period. This line represents changes in total debt and this line is the increase in debt as a result of current account deficits over the period. These current account deficits, as you might imagine also show a rather regional flavor. The top line is Latin America which showed the largest increase in its current account deficit between 1979 and 1981. Asia also showed a sharp increase in current account deficit between 77 and 80 and the African countries also showed somewhat of an increase in the same period. One of the major characteristics that changed the composition of debts and the period of the last decade has been the increase in debt held by commercial banks. And we can see from a base of 1973 when some 36% of total debts was held by commercial banks this is the only long-term debt. Increased to somewhat over 46% in 1983 and the increase was reasonably steady over the period given the steadiness and most economic aggregates of that time. It's also shows a marked difference by region. Here is the, the first chart merely duplicated and we can see that the change in debt held by private financial sources. In this case, I've added together both commercial banks and other private capital markets has shown very little change in Latin America. Our load is still a very high proportion of the total between 60 and 70% rising to perhaps almost 70% in 1983. The surprising case here is Africa which is this middle line. We started off with 50% of its debt held in a commercial sector. You might ask what in the world would a commercial bank be doing in Africa in the early seventies? And the answer is that this represents mostly guaranteed debt by either central banks of the developed world, loans that were ordered to be sent to African countries by OPEC nations in return for deposits, et cetera. However, the really salient portion of this graph is the increase in commercial loans to the Asian countries. But I think this reflects more than anything else at least as far as Asia goes is the fact that loans to developing countries can be productive. The commercial sector didn't find these things productive they wouldn't do it. Another major change and we saw briefly in a chart earlier has been as percentage change in short-term debt as a, as a as a percent of the total. And we see here in 1979, between 1979 and 1980 a rather sharp increase in short-term debt. This is closely associated with that sharp jump and balance of payments deficits that we saw in that same period. Short-term debt here is not necessarily just from commercial sources but can also represent the temporary balance of payments financing as provided by the International Monetary Fund. And in fact is the reason that even the United States keeps deposits in the IMF. And in fact, in 1978, we were also borrower from the IMF of to the tune of some 6.8 billion dollars. One more interesting chart, and I'm sure that we're all aware of this just as much as a third world debtors are. And that has been the, the change in interest rates over the past few years. This top line is a weighted average interest rates of seven major industrial countries. And you can see a somewhat of a an increase over the entire period peaking in 1981 and then drop in slightly into 1983. However, this doesn't tell the full story if we correct these interest rates for current inflation to produce what is called in the popular press, a real interest rate we can see a considerably larger and sharper rate of increase. This line which is rather difficult to see are the real interest rates of this weighted industrial countries interest rate. This other line which sort of makes an S shape around the lower line is that in the United States, which is at record levels at this point, approaching 7% for 1983 as a whole. So we've got the following situation. First of all, commercial banks have decided that third world countries are worth loaning too, a larger proportion of, of total third world country debt is in the hands of commercial banks and in fact, an increasing proportion of deaths increments every year. Commercial banks often offer rates that are one or two points above either the US prime rates or the London interbank offered rate which is a rate on dollar deposits. When those interest rates go up, loan repayments go up. So with the rise and real interest rates in the United States, loan repayments had to go up. The second thing was this rise in interest rates has also led directly to a rise in the value of the dollar. Most of these third world countries took out international loans. They took them out in dollars. So between 1979 and 1983, they faced a major change. They took out loans in a currency that they thought was going to depreciate at a relatively low real interest rate, and then three years later had the situation turned completely around. However, by far the most important characteristic of the current debt crisis has been the effect of real GNP growth in the developing and the developed world on the export markets of the less developed countries. If countries are going to be able to repay their loans they have to be able to earn the currency to repay them in. They do this through their exports. And here we see over the last 11 year period for major trading partners of all the non-oil LDCs the change in real GNP growth over that period and we can see that during the first oil crisis it actually was negative for a year and it also showed a sharp decline in rates of increase over the period since 1976 dropping to below zero in 1982, there was a decline in real income and all the developed world at that time. If I can just you can just see those two sharp points up here. You can also co-relate these with a drop in total exports of the developed world. I think it's really quite an important change and empirically it has the greatest effect on the third world nations ability to pay off their debts. Now this decline in export volume and export value for 1982 was, it was unprecedented in the post-war period for the non-oil LDCs it's means that prices fell more rapidly than export volume. We can see that this has a also has a distinctly regional flavor. I think this is really the most one of the most interesting things that has come out of the recent literature on this. First of all, in taking a look at Africa, which is certainly in a serious difficulty in other ways, the decline in real GNP growth of its trading partners was extremely sharp and the 73 to 75 period, but you'll notice that at least for the trading partners of African countries they never go below zero since because a large proportion of trade in the non-oil LDCs of Africa which by the way means essentially all of Africa with the exception of Nigeria and South Africa. However, the fluctuations in total export are much sharper than for all LDCs as a whole. And in fact, show no distinctive pattern of increase or decrease over the periods. The price effects in 1981 in 1982 for these countries were really incredibly sharp for a number of primary products. And the two most most often mentioned are agricultural products which would be coffee dropping some 40% and unit value during that time period and peanut oil which is another good example dropping 30%. For the Asian countries, the situation is not quite so serious, even though income growth in its trading partners dropped also. For one thing, one of the major trading partners of Asian countries is Japan, Japan despite having a slowdown in economic growth over the last couple of years did not have a decline in actual growth. So you can see here on this chart that of all trading partners of Asian countries was barely below zero in 1982 which is not to say it did not have an effect. On the other hand, it seems as though the Asian countries are much more resilient to changes and external developments than are the countries in Africa. And I think this is particularly dramatic when you compare the performance of the Asian country exports markets to that of Latin America. In Latin America the major trading partners, you can probably assume are the US Japan and Western Europe primarily United States, and this closely parallels economic growth, real economic growth in the United States during the 1970s. However, you can also see that there has been a wide variation and export performance in Latin American countries during this same period with perhaps the most dramatic drop and increases in export value from 1980 to 82 of any region. And the drops in primary commodity prices in Latin America have also been equally disastrous probably leading the list and one that's tends to make most people stand up in their chairs has been the, the drop in sugar prices which has been some 75% in the two years, since 1983 or since 1980. Coffee prices gone down some 30%, 10, 30% and coco 40%, which has also affected some African countries that'll be gone. Putting total exports together with a total imports show us what happens to the total purchasing power about nine oil, less developed countries. Also a rather dramatic picture and something that is doesn't often get seen in the popular press. Mainly because it's difficult to explain in the popular press not to mention here. In the essence what it means is when this value goes below zero, less developed countries have to export more in order to purchase the same number of imports. So during the period of the late 1970s and early 1980s they wanted to use exports of primary commodities to say import capital goods. They had to spend more and more primary commodities for purchase. So we come to the bottom line or in my case we come to three bottom lines. When we talk about a debt problem, all we're talking about as the ability of these countries to repay. This is most commonly expressed in something called a debt service ratio which is simply a percentage of total exports earnings divided into total repayments for a given period. Nothing really terribly complicated about that. Although in my case, if it were applied to my income and my debt situation, it would be much higher. In any event, you can see also that this decline in the terms of trade, the increase in commercial bank lending, the rise in the interest rates the change in the composition from short to long-term debts or long to short term debts with the period 1980 to 82 produced a sharp rise and debt service payments. This also shows a lot of regional variation but one of the most interesting things that you can see when you look at this is this would be the total debt service ratio and I have it broken down into amortization and interest payments. Could see somewhere between 1979 and 1980 specific dates don't jump immediately to your hand, interest payments began exceeding amortization payments as a percentage of the total, which is not necessarily a bad thing. Taking a look at this by region. The top line, as you might guess, is Latin America which shows the debt service ratio of Latin America from 1973 to 83. And you can see that they started from a fairly high base from around the 30% range and grew sharply in 1981 in 1982 until debt service payments for the region as a whole took more than half of all export earnings. For the Asian countries, the situation is almost exactly the reverse. Total debt service payments stayed virtually constant during the entire period. For Africa, debt service payments slow. They slow a slow, steady secular climb during the time during the same period. I wanna guess slow and steady and secular reclining are the same thing. Taking a look at the Africa situation in some detail, you can see that it does have one unique characteristic when it's compared with the rest of the regions. Amortization payments are still higher than interest payments. This is because the vast majority of all loans to the African LDCs are held by some sort of international institution or some government and thereby they get a interest rate break. For Asia, there has been some fluctuation in total debt service payments between eight and 10% over the period. And there was a relatively sharp increase in the last three years for the Asia LDCs, but nothing like what we saw for Latin America and for Asia as a whole. We start earlier the increased composition of the debts by commercial banks in the Asia region increasing faster than any other region. And that has produced a, the widest disparity at least on a percentage basis between interest and amortization payments. Last for Latin America, I always save the most dramatic for last. You can see the sharp rise in debt service payments clearly although perhaps not so clearly as on other charts has and also their rise in interest payments as a percentage of total. You'll notice here a rather sharp decline in interest payments and a sharp decline in amortization payments between 1982 and 83. This is reflected in the rescheduling of quite a few loans to Latin American countries. The rescheduling often took the form of simply taking a series of long-term three to five-year loans and making them 10 year loans. And just like it does when you trade a short term loan for a home mortgage what you do is to pay more interest at first and that explains a good bit of why the Latin American countries will continue to pay high interest charges for at least the next two or three years. So where does this leave us? Well, I'm reminded of a story that I'm told its a true story. Someone I know, read it in a newspaper and recounted it to me. I didn't think too much about it at first but when I thought about the world debt situation I realized that it applied immediately. What it is is this, a fellow leaves his wife at home and he hops on his bicycle to go to the grocery store. Kisses his wife goodbye and happily pedals off into the distance. About three blocks down the road, a pet chimpanzee that has escaped from one of his neighbors attacks him on the bicycle, rips him from the bicycle jumps up and down on his chest. Bends his bikes, bicycle all to bits before some, somehow the the police come in and rescue him. Well, needless to say the poor fellow never went to the grocery store. You may say, what in the world is a story you have to do with third world debt? Well, I'm sure that when this fellow left his house he said to his wife, \"I'm gonna go to the grocery store unless I get attacked by a chimpanzee.\" Right? So when many of these countries took out these, took out the loans, they were saying, oh sure, we're going. We're gonna pay them back. If you can promise me the following that we're not gonna have consistent detoriorations in our terms of trade. If you're not going to have great slowdowns in economic activity. If you're not gonna have real interest rate increases if you're not going to have shortened our repayment periods if you're not going to have protectionism, protectionism that's a chart you didn't see. Well that's because it's very difficult to do one. I mean, it's either zero or none and there are a lot of guilty faces out there about protectionism in the United States is a big one sugar which I said it earlier as a major reason for a loss and export earnings to at least the Caribbean countries and to quite a number of others. The East the European community is not immune. They have asked Brazil to forego export in cassava in very large amounts to the community. Last of all, and this is something that the governments themselves has to take responsibility for as that many governments and this is also something I didn't care to put up on a chart because there are so many different types of government activity among the third world and so many different responses to their debt situation and to domestic conditions that perhaps exacerbated it a little bit, that there's no real way to quantify it and these range from government waste to improper exchange rate policies, to loss of foreign exchange reserves, to price supports and so forth. And what is the outlook, now for the same reasons. We saw that in 1983, there has been a slight increase in the terms of trade of all non oil LDCs which really was a somewhat of a surprise to people in the business of forecasting, such things. Secondly, we have increased economic growth and the developed world. This can do nothing but help export markets of the third world countries. And it's probably the most important factor over the longterm and enabling these countries to repay their debt. As to real interest rates, if I could forecast interest rates I wouldn't be standing here today, consensus forecasts and you all know basically what to think of consensus forecast, no doubt after having read them for the last year and a half are the interest rates will remain high. What they mean by high is another question for some people it means that they will remain above 5% for some people it means that remain above 6%. It seems likely that real interest rates will remain at least about 6% for the first half of 84. For protectionism, all I can do is say write your congressmen and ask what are your plans to do. The sentiments in Washington now are not good on, on lowering it that's a general observation and one that I would put here except it would be in the shape of a brick. Okay. Next going to, to turn to a to take a look just briefly at some potential effects on at least US agricultural exports as a result of debt service changes and basically I've broken it down to into this is the only chart you'll see on this I promise. I've broken it down into three areas, Latin America which is at this time on the left, sorry all LDCs and all LDCs minus Latin America and this is simply a percentage change in US agricultural exports from 1980, 1981, boom year, no problem. 1982, we had a rather sharp decrease from the 1980 figure and needless to say from 1981 and all three regions but the only decline from the 1980 failure was in Latin America. It was also, there was a small increase for LDCs but there was a sharp increase for LDCs less Latin America from the 1980 figure. And for 1983, the change from 1980 is even more dramatic. It doesn't seem inconceivable that debt had something to do with it. We've seen that's, the LDCs have acted concertedly to trade reduce balance of payments deficits they've done it from two major sources, they tried to increase exports and they tried to cartel imports. Agricultural products, I don't think can really be treated much differently than other goods and services that are sold internationally. If demand for all business services goes down, demand for agricultural products also goes down. It just makes reasonable sense and I think it's born out by the by the total trade evidence of the last couple of years in 1982, total world trade went down in value terms by something like 5%. But for the first time, since 1970 total agricultural trade in value terms showed a zero rate of growth I think the effect is pretty clear and of course, with the US dollar increasing in value so sharply over that period it makes sense that our exports declined as a as a percentage of the total and also as a share. Every year, abruptly changing the subject, the USDA does an analysis of food aid needed, needs of developing countries. Without going too through this and too much detail and goodness knows here people already dazzled by the previous charts to date. The basic method assumes that some countries can afford to import food and some countries can't. So the, what we do is this, first of all we take a country domestic ability to produce food. We subtract from that some measure of their total need for food products and do this by commodity group say grains. The difference between what they can produce and what they need is what they is what we call import requirements based on their past history of commercial imports that is what they've willingly gone out and paid for on commercial markets to these forecasts of import requirements. We come up with what is known as aid needs and basically the difference between what they can pay for and what they need is the aid need. It does not take into account past activity as far as food aid goes, but it does assume some things about the way they use export earnings and the most important way that most important assumption that's made is that debt service comes directly off export earnings. For those of you interested, this year's publication comes out on June. One or done for a number of major regions is to take a look at last year is assumptions concerning death service. What we know based upon the best available current information their debt service actually was during 1983 and forecast for 1984. And what would happen if that debt service for 1983 and 84 increased? All these charts have a certain similarity. This is what we assumed would be debt service payments for our West African countries. This line shows their actual debt service payments or debt service payments in 83 and 84 but based upon best current information. And this line here shows a 10% increase. The effect on food aid needs was rather dramatic in the West African case. On a percentage basis, food aid needs in West Africa are massive low production, non-availability of, of export earnings and a whole host of other institutional factors, which USDA is not equipped to address make food aid necessary to to support even minimum nutritional requirements. And what we have here is a, using the actual or best available figures for 1983 and 84 and the 10% increase assumption for 83 and 84. And what it shows is this, for all of West Africa which includes countries from Bennie to upper Volta you see an increase in 17 million dollars necessary for food aid needs in 83 to 27 million in 84 or 30 million in 83 to almost 40 million in 84. So despite the, the relatively small percentage change it still is a rather substantive change and food aid requirements for West African countries. It's not, that's not to say that all West African countries show a similar pattern. There is some good news in this, there Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone actually showed a drop in debt service payments over the time period since 1981. And in fact, the, the assumed figures were somewhat higher than actual debt service payments. And we can see that this had the expected result of reducing food aid needs for Sierra Leone. There were not many countries like this. A picture for most of the regions in Africa is very much the same. The only difference is in the level of drama. In Central Africa which includes Congo, Zaire and its neighboring countries. The increase in debt service actually recorded showed a really sharp increase from 82 to 83. There was also one of the sharpest increases in debt service of these extremely poor countries extremely poor Sub-Saharan countries seven million dollars in 83, seven and a half in 84 to 12 in both 83 and 84 using the higher debt service assumption. But it was a higher percentage change in that end East Africa. For the African countries as a whole of the African countries that are included in the food aid needs study that ERS does every year the largest percentage change at largest percentage effect on food aid from changes in debt service was found in Madagascar and Madagascar also has an extremely high debt service ratio for Africa. You can see that the assumed debt service payments were rather smooth but the actual debt service payments showed a sharp increase from 1982 to 1983. This resulted in a 13% increase for six and a half million dollars, not a lot of money in dollar terms and 8 million dollars in using the 10% assumption, although actually showed a decline, showed a less of an increase in 1984 and a larger increase using the 10% assumption. Spinning the globe rapidly coming to a somewhat more promising region as far as food aid is concerned and South Asia which includes as you might expect India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan. This case I'm somewhat, Afghanistan you'll be relieved to know it doesn't play a very large part in that and, generally I tried to to choose the countries to show on this for which since some reasonably reliable data is available. And that includes most of the countries in this, in the study which is why we chose the 67 that we chose, any event. For South Asia, the assumed death service followed this line and the actual debt service and the 10% assumption sort of bracketed it. For South Asia as a whole, as a result of the declining debt service, we say and that's decrease and food aid needs in 83 and 84 as a result, a low the percentage is incredibly small and food aid needs are still extremely large in that region. Debt service ratios in South Asia are very low by developing countries standards. Eastern Southeast Asia showed a somewhat unexpected result. For a relatively small increase in 83 debt service and a larger increase in 84, the percentage changes were quite dramatic for the region as a whole using a 10% assumption showed something like a almost a 50 million dollar increase in food aid need requirements. And that wound up being almost 12%. However, most of this is explained by one, one country, which is most recently dominated the news concerning foreign exchange troubles, the Philippines. I make no assumption in this case that these debt service ratios are accurate representations of what the debt service ratio of the Philippines actually is in 1983, the recent machinations by the central bankers and by other government officials in manipulating their foreign exchange data and their debt data make these somewhat questionable although I think they can review it as a lower bound. We've seen in 83, slight increase in debt service which remarkably looks like the same as for the region as a whole. And also a sharper increase in 1984. The result was the largest percentage increase of any Asian country in food aid needs as a result. Something like 7% in 83 and almost 16% using the 10% assumption last year. But now I know you've been saying well so much for these relatively dull regions. Let's go to something exciting. Let's go to Latin America. First, we'll start with Central America. Central American countries as a, a portion of Latin America are characterized by relatively lower debt service ratios than the rest of the continent. And I must also point out that for the food aid countries that we survey in this report unto which projections are made does not include any of the newly industrialized countries which have been so heavily publicized as being under severe debt service constraints like Brazil, Mexico, Argentina. What we see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105763#t=0.0,2744.84245"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV203360_A_Seminar_on_World_Hunger_and_Poverty_b.mp3"]},"duration":1144.18939,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/764/small/lecture.png?1613498677","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/105/764/original/AV203360_A_Seminar_on_World_Hunger_and_Poverty_b.mp3?1613498677","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1144.18939,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203360_A_Seminar_on_World_Hunger_and_Poverty_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(whooshing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=0.56,2.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e The assumed debt service rising sharply in '82,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=6.362,9.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the cash rose sharply in 1983.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=9.757,12.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The result was a rather smaller increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=14.68,16.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in total food aid needs in '83.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=16.95,19.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although using the 10% assumption showed an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=20.23,22.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"increase from of...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=22.4,25.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about $1 million dollars or about 2% of the total.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=25.55,26.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(paper rustling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=26.383,28.869"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another reason, which didn't show","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=33.118,35.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite nearly as much change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=35.72,37.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as might be expected with the Caribbean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=37.6,40.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which includes only four Caribbean nations at this point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=42.03,45.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Caribbean, whichever you prefer (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=46.29,50.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we see here, the assumed debt service","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=50.34,52.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was not an unsmooth line as by Latin American standards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=52.9,57.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the actual or best estimate of death service","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=57.86,62.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was somewhat wavier line around the assumed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=62.26,66.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the increase in 10%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=66.11,68.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we see a somewhat higher percentage change and aid needs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=68.54,72.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over 10% using the lower assumption and 83 and something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=73.01,77.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like 8% in 84 and almost 20 billion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=77.81,81.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"21 billion million dollars in sorry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=81.76,84.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and using a higher assumption.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=84.35,88.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, this was sharply varied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=88.62,90.239"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by country within the Caribbean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=90.239,93.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(rustling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=93.18,95.501"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country that we most often think of as being deficient of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=95.501,100.501"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"domestically produced food resources as Haiti,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=101.04,104.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which in fact did show a rather sharp increase from the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=106.03,109.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assumed to actual debt service payments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=109.74,112.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I simply can't account for the difference between these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=112.95,116.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assumed and these actual figures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=116.38,118.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And must simply be that these are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=118.91,121.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are taken primarily from the world bank's world debt tables.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=121.84,125.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it must've been a,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=125.98,128.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a complete re-evaluation of the external picture of Haiti","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=128.14,131.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during that, that period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=131.64,133.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in any event,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=134.81,135.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"despite a huge jump in debt service and debt service and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=135.643,140.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"debt service payments, and this is not a ratio, by the way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=140.85,143.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's strictly payments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=143.88,145.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had a relatively small percentage increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=145.55,148.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in total food aid needs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=148.3,150.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a 2% or around $2 million dollars and 3%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=150.26,155.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, the other Caribbean country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=157.68,159.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for which this proved the most traumatic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=159.47,161.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So Dominican Republic, major sugar exporter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=164.42,167.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are assumed figures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=170.63,171.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The actual figures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=173.44,175.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which showed a drop in 82 from what had been assumed and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=175.14,180.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extremely sharp rise in 1983.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=180.5,182.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The result is a 70% increase in food aid needs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=185.28,189.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we have a country that at least on the margin seems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=189.41,193.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"capable of at least supporting itself, nutritionally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=193.21,197.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whose increase in debt service has made it a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=198.561,202.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"require food aid needs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=204.2,205.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In order to meet minimum nutrition standards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=205.42,207.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The 10% assumption shows about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=209.47,211.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"191% increase in total food aid needs and deadline","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=211.15,215.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Last, The region that's most severely affected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=220.6,223.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by debt service payments, and also shows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=224.632,227.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the greatest increase in food aid needs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=227.72,229.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a result of increasing debt service payments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=229.7,232.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is South America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=232.17,233.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have a rather small change from the assumed numbers to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=234.57,238.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the actual numbers. However, for the region as a whole,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=238.77,242.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have the sharpest percentage increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=242.99,245.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of any other region,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=245.45,246.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"6% using a lower assumption,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=248.68,250.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but almost 20% using the higher assumption. And in 1984,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=250.523,255.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"25 and almost 45%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=255.06,258.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather dramatic change in these countries are of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=258.97,261.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with very high debt service ratios are extremely sensitive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=261.74,265.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to changes in their external position.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=265.26,268.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(popping sound)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=271.977,274.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what is the outlook?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=274.78,275.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The outlook can be described best by using a, a,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=278.511,282.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a word that's frequently mentioned precarious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=282.63,285.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its precarious for these countries that have to import food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=285.92,288.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's precarious for the countries that don't have too","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=288.63,290.834"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important debt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=290.834,292.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A great deal depends on whether or not the growth in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=294.29,297.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"developed world can be sustained.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=297.96,300.442"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And recent estimates are for a decline and the debt service","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=300.442,305.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ratio to persist much longer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=305.31,308.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to return to the ratios that were prevalent in the early","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=308.56,312.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1970s requires a sustained rate of growth of about two and a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=312.66,316.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"half percent over the next three years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=316.69,319.444"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the developed world, which seems at least to my ears,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=319.444,324.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like a reasonably optimistic projection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=324.17,326.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next important most important factor that I would put","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=328.297,331.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down would be the tendency towards protectionism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=331.22,334.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many LDCs simply don't have the ability to diversify fast","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=335.69,340.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough to beat protectionism against existing products.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=340.68,343.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There may be some argument that the Asian countries may be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=345.3,348.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an exception.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=348.37,349.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They certainly seem to weather the storm much better than","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=349.94,352.916"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the other regions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=352.916,354.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although whether or not the new Philippines will bring them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=356.0,359.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back to a more difficult condition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=359.7,363.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is yet to be seen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=363.14,364.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Questions?.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=368.28,369.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=372.84,373.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Masculine Voice:\u003c/strong\u003e (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=373.767,377.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Showed the a very sharp decline","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=377.3,379.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and debt service payments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=379.22,380.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the historic period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=380.59,382.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They simply didn't contract any new debt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=382.243,384.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Masculine Voice:\u003c/strong\u003e (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=388.131,391.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Unfortunately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=391.23,392.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know very little about Sierra Leone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=394.29,396.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Masculine Voice:\u003c/strong\u003e Different economics.(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=399.203,404.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, they are a large peanut producer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=404.73,406.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they do earn considerable foreign exchange","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=406.86,409.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through peanuts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=409.51,410.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Masculine Voice:\u003c/strong\u003e (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=412.961,416.621"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Could be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=416.621,418.018"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(paper rustling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=418.018,418.939"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(whooshing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=418.939,421.272"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e feminine Voice:\u003c/strong\u003e (mumbling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=423.237,424.492"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Don't tell me I've answered all your questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=424.492,426.788"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chuckling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=426.788,427.621"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=427.621,428.587"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Masculine Voice:\u003c/strong\u003e (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=428.587,431.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=431.77,432.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (mumbles)[masculine Voice]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=433.833,437.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(whooshing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=440.556,441.566"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(paper rustling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=441.566,444.316"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(sniffing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=450.014,451.005"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, that's a question that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=451.005,452.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think anyone can really answer. Unfortunately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=452.46,455.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's easier to say that that these countries were zealous in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=457.15,462.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pursuing loans from commercial banks almost as easily would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=463.27,466.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say as easy as it is to say commercial banks saw ripe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=466.93,471.316"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"investment opportunities in these countries, which they did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=471.316,475.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And historically they had a reason","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=475.34,476.918"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for wanting to invest there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=476.918,478.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=479.58,481.102"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think largely the current situation grew out of unexpected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=481.102,485.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conditions, conditions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=485.7,487.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I don't think it would have been,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=487.73,490.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but no one other than perhaps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=492.412,493.661"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the national Enquirer predicted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=493.661,495.722"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=495.722,497.781"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sorry, I can't give you a better answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=497.781,500.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e masculine Voice:\u003c/strong\u003e (mumbling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=500.6,504.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(rustling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=505.689,507.939"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finding investors to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=509.616,511.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=512.657,514.824"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"try and propel themselves in position.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=518.0,521.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Number one is by a bail out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=521.26,524.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=525.897,528.064"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If it didn't work out all the countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=532.067,535.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=537.708,539.958"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, on the other hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=543.454,545.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that could have been part of the incentive and for much of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=545.28,547.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same reason, if they wanted to attract a debt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=547.97,551.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say from OPEC nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=551.37,553.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many times, OPEC. Nations would, would go in and say, well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=553.35,556.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"allow you to hold onto our money for us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=556.92,559.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you'll turn around and loan it to third world countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=559.66,563.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's, that's the situation that I think has,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=564.42,567.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has occurred.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=568.25,569.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (masculine voice talking)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=570.894,574.561"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e I think there'll be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=581.204,582.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there'll be a great deal, more wary in the future,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=582.627,583.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but whether or not you can really prevent someone from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=583.891,586.515"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"investing where he wants to invest is another question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=586.515,589.579"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(rustling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=589.579,591.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=591.94,592.994"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e masculine Voice:\u003c/strong\u003e (mumbling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=592.994,596.827"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(rustling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=601.408,603.051"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Thats correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=603.051,604.351"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (mumbles) All this talking about what you did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=606.324,608.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't feel they accomplished anything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=608.4,610.948"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Well,what they...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=610.948,612.564"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=612.564,614.897"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e what they've done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=616.431,617.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to ensure that they are in fact going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=617.98,620.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to receive some return. I think given current conditions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=620.5,624.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you know, if economic growth persists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=624.88,627.311"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then I don't think there'll be any problem and repaying the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=627.311,631.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"restructured loans if they've been done prudently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=631.08,633.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And secondly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=633.94,634.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the other benefit from this exercise and restructuring has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=634.773,638.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been the, the creation of a, if not a mechanism for,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=638.12,643.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for doing it, at least a,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=643.791,646.049"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a spirit of cooperation among a very diverse group of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=646.049,650.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"institutions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=650.53,651.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the IMF central banks and commercial banks in doing so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=651.48,655.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Masculine Voice:\u003c/strong\u003e American people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=655.56,657.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Well that's ..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=658.35,659.718"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Masculine Voice:\u003c/strong\u003e courtesy talking here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=659.718,662.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the United States, not doing very much higher","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=662.58,666.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're very, (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=666.85,670.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we do it in so many different ways in directly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=672.71,676.906"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Well they are..\n(Mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=676.906,679.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Actually What we have in the IMF","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=679.04,680.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is in the form of a bank deposit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=680.66,682.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we can draw on at any time. And in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=682.14,684.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have in the past, no funds are actually, no funds..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=684.06,688.039"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e [Masculine Voice Mumbles]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=688.039,690.366"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(speaker chuckling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=690.366,691.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e No funds are actually appropriated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=691.68,693.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and given to the IMF.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=693.21,694.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's only, it's only when they're drawn on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=694.84,696.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that funds are transferred","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=696.43,698.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the us treasury.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=698.31,699.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(rustling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=700.421,703.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=703.4,704.737"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (Masculine Voice Mumbling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=704.737,708.487"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(whooshing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=711.479,713.812"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I think it would create a very poor psychological climate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=715.897,719.284"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for commercial banks to extend lending for a period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=719.284,724.284"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=724.84,726.505"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(croaking)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=726.505,729.305"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not so sure that that a major debtor would in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=729.305,733.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"declare a default.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=733.78,734.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's a very unlikely situation because these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=734.97,737.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countries have benefited from, I think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=737.9,740.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arguably benefited from access to external credit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=740.54,745.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it has indeed fostered some transfer of capital and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=746.06,749.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"economic growth in a large number of countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=749.97,753.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And secondly, the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=753.29,755.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the growth in the commercial credit sector is the largest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=755.4,759.075"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"growth and credit worldwide with the cut back and government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=759.075,764.075"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vending to the world bank, et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=765.238,768.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if a country wants future access to debt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=769.59,773.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then they're going to have to remain at least give the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=775.2,777.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appearance of being solvent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=777.94,779.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(whooshing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=779.833,782.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=782.07,782.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Masculine Voice:\u003c/strong\u003e Maybe you see that..(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=782.903,785.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"change in the attitude of,..(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=790.485,794.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the experience of words,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=798.535,800.451"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"group of banks might need(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=800.451,805.451"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to schedule long-term debts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=807.746,810.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but... it works out very,(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=810.15,814.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or maybe to move into projects for or to make money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=817.286,821.536"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in developing countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=821.536,823.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e I think there'll be much less willing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=823.57,825.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than they were in the past,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=825.27,826.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think it would be very much regionalized in nature.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=826.96,830.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=830.21,831.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the willingness to lend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=831.043,833.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to countries in Southeast Asia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=833.11,835.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be much greater than the willingness to land to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=835.42,837.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countries in South America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=837.46,840.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(whooshing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=840.123,842.456"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Masculine Voice:\u003c/strong\u003e Is there any","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=848.123,849.688"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regional difference in how the,...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=849.688,852.521"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How the funds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=856.061,857.144"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=859.84,862.039"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it seemed like the Southeast","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=862.039,864.372"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=867.523,869.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more diverse and gender that (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=871.032,876.032"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a relatively well somewhat fairly rigid,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=877.906,881.284"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uh.. natural resource,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=881.284,883.692"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=883.692,885.859"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(shuffling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=889.534,890.417"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are relatively large scales","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=890.417,893.084"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are considered relatively sensitive to(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=894.355,899.355"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e That could be now that could be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=901.393,902.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a major factor and that's something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=902.96,904.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's development economists hopefully are looking into.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=904.37,908.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Masculine Voice:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm wondering if there's a..(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=908.953,912.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chuckling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=914.382,916.544"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if there's a little bit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=916.544,918.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether the leaders kinda ah.. sometimes want to make a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=918.337,921.915"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"statement about ,progress ..(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=921.915,926.915"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, certainly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=931.123,932.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, political factors, there are extremely important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=932.627,934.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think that there's any way to not to deny that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=934.54,939.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=939.01,939.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yeah..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=941.306,942.139"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that may or may not have been abused and quite a few","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=944.829,948.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countries that are in the most serious difficulties now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=948.12,950.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but on the other hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=951.77,952.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and using the example of the steel mill in Brazil,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=952.87,955.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it might be more reasonable to say it was built in 1979.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=955.93,960.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We expect a continued increase and demand for steel products","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=961.55,965.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the next four years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=965.06,967.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the situation changes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=967.05,968.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=972.39,973.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Masculine Voice:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you see in the link between","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=973.223,975.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decreased foreign exchange or foreign currency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=977.605,981.671"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how they contribute to dependence?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=981.671,984.838"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then however you find then world(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=987.373,989.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)what is the like between the two","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=997.274,1001.706"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that cycle of being here as far as economic ability,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1001.706,1006.706"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1007.039,1009.206"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where as.(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1010.646,1013.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm not sure I can answer that(chuckles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1014.539,1018.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shortly and sweetly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1018.92,1020.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What does debt problem?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1022.24,1023.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps illustrates as well as anything else is?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1023.51,1026.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is one way of addressing it is the increase of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1026.0,1030.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international linkage of capital markets between not only","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1030.79,1035.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the, the developed world, which has become really quite,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1035.13,1038.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite efficient in the last 10 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1038.667,1041.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also starting to include the developed world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1041.33,1044.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the longterm without, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1045.42,1048.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with sufficient wherewithal and with sufficient information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1049.6,1053.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1053.53,1054.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1056.23,1057.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the larger countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1058.489,1059.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I think this integration would take the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1059.793,1061.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"take the form of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1061.87,1063.629"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of eventually equalizing investment opportunity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1063.629,1067.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and third world and first world countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1067.94,1071.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But on the other hand, if you face the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1071.75,1076.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the governmental restrictions in third world countries that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1076.08,1078.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are now faced, as we've heard described before,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1078.83,1083.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think this becomes somewhat more unlikely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1084.24,1087.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we'll let the dis situation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1090.65,1092.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the way that I look at it at this point is a measure of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1092.71,1096.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether or not these capital markets are becoming integrated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1096.21,1099.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and whether or not there is going to be a net flow of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1099.17,1102.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resources from the larger developed countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1102.51,1106.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the third world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1106.58,1107.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(shuffling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1109.63,1111.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd clapping hands)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1116.39,1119.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(shuffling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1121.215,1123.258"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Masculine Voice:\u003c/strong\u003e we will meet together again about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1123.258,1125.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three weeks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1125.38,1126.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we'll be sending out a notice to all of you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1126.213,1128.936"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put your name on the list, so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1128.936,1131.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you need to get in touch with me in the mean time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1131.697,1135.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me write my ..(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1135.117,1135.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(shuffling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=1135.95,1138.224"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22794/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/794/original/AV203360_A_Seminar_on_World_Hunger_and_Poverty_b.vtt?1613498679","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/794/original/AV203360_A_Seminar_on_World_Hunger_and_Poverty_b.vtt?1613498679"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22795","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203360_A_Seminar_on_World_Hunger_and_Poverty_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764/transcript/22795/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Speaker] The assumed debt service rising sharply in '82, and the cash rose sharply in 1983. The result was a rather smaller increase in total food aid needs in '83. Although using the 10% assumption showed an increase from of... about $1 million dollars or about 2% of the total. Another reason, which didn't show quite nearly as much change as might be expected with the Caribbean, which includes only four Caribbean nations at this point or Caribbean, whichever you prefer And we see here, the assumed debt service was not an unsmooth line as by Latin American standards and the actual or best estimate of death service was somewhat wavier line around the assumed and the increase in 10%, we see a somewhat higher percentage change and aid needs over 10% using the lower assumption and 83 and something like 8% in 84 and almost 20 billion, 21 billion million dollars in sorry, and using a higher assumption. However, this was sharply varied by country within the Caribbean country that we most often think of as being deficient of domestically produced food resources as Haiti, which in fact did show a rather sharp increase from the assumed to actual debt service payments. And I simply can't account for the difference between these assumed and these actual figures. And must simply be that these are, are taken primarily from the world bank's world debt tables. And it must've been a, a complete re-evaluation of the external picture of Haiti during that, that period. But in any event, despite a huge jump in debt service and debt service and debt service payments, and this is not a ratio, by the way, it's strictly payments. We had a relatively small percentage increase in total food aid needs a 2% or around $2 million dollars and 3%. However, the other Caribbean country, for which this proved the most traumatic. So Dominican Republic, major sugar exporter are assumed figures. The actual figures, which showed a drop in 82 from what had been assumed and extremely sharp rise in 1983. The result is a 70% increase in food aid needs. So we have a country that at least on the margin seems capable of at least supporting itself, nutritionally whose increase in debt service has made it a require food aid needs. In order to meet minimum nutrition standards. The 10% assumption shows about 191% increase in total food aid needs and deadline Last, The region that's most severely affected by debt service payments, and also shows the greatest increase in food aid needs. As a result of increasing debt service payments is South America. We have a rather small change from the assumed numbers to the actual numbers. However, for the region as a whole, we have the sharpest percentage increase of any other region, 6% using a lower assumption, but almost 20% using the higher assumption. And in 1984, 25 and almost 45% rather dramatic change in these countries are of course, with very high debt service ratios are extremely sensitive to changes in their external position. So what is the outlook? The outlook can be described best by using a, a, a word that's frequently mentioned precarious its precarious for these countries that have to import food. It's precarious for the countries that don't have too important debt. A great deal depends on whether or not the growth in the developed world can be sustained. And recent estimates are for a decline and the debt service ratio to persist much longer. And to return to the ratios that were prevalent in the early 1970s requires a sustained rate of growth of about two and a half percent over the next three years in the developed world, which seems at least to my ears, like a reasonably optimistic projection. The next important most important factor that I would put down would be the tendency towards protectionism. Many LDCs simply don't have the ability to diversify fast enough to beat protectionism against existing products. There may be some argument that the Asian countries may be an exception. They certainly seem to weather the storm much better than the other regions, although whether or not the new Philippines will bring them back to a more difficult condition. is yet to be seen. Questions?. Yes..\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Showed the a very sharp decline and debt service payments over the historic period. They simply didn't contract any new debt.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Unfortunately. I know very little about Sierra Leone.\r\n\r\n- [Masculine Voice] Different economics.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Well, they are a large peanut producer and they do earn considerable foreign exchange through peanuts.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Could be\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Don't tell me I've answered all your questions.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Yes,\r\n\r\n- [masculine Voice]\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Well, that's a question that I don't think anyone can really answer. Unfortunately it's easier to say that that these countries were zealous in pursuing loans from commercial banks almost as easily would say as easy as it is to say commercial banks saw ripe investment opportunities in these countries, which they did. And historically they had a reason for wanting to invest there. But I think, I think largely the current situation grew out of unexpected conditions, conditions, which I don't think it would have been, but no one other than perhaps the national Enquirer predicted, sorry, I can't give you a better answer. Finding investors to try and propel themselves in position. Number one is by a bail out. If it didn't work out all the countries .\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Well, on the other hand, that could have been part of the incentive and for much of the same reason, if they wanted to attract a debt, say from OPEC nations many times, OPEC. Nations would, would go in and say, well, allow you to hold onto our money for us. If you'll turn around and loan it to third world countries. And that's, that's the situation that I think has, has occurred.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] I think there'll be, I think there'll be a great deal, more wary in the future, but whether or not you can really prevent someone from investing where he wants to invest is another question. yes\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Thats correct.\r\n\r\n- All this talking about what you did. I don't feel they accomplished anything\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Well,what they...\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] what they've done is to ensure that they are in fact going to receive some return. I think given current conditions, if you know, if economic growth persists, then I don't think there'll be any problem and repaying the restructured loans if they've been done prudently. And secondly, the other benefit from this exercise and restructuring has been the, the creation of a, if not a mechanism for, for doing it, at least a, a spirit of cooperation among a very diverse group of institutions, the IMF central banks and commercial banks in doing so.\r\n\r\n- [Masculine Voice] American people.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Well that's ..\r\n\r\n- [Masculine Voice] courtesy talking here about the United States, not doing very much higher They're very, we do it in so many different ways in directly.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Well they are..\r\n\r\n- Actually What we have in the IMF is in the form of a bank deposit, which we can draw on at any time. And in fact, we have in the past, no funds are actually, no funds..\r\n\r\n- [Masculine Voice Mumbles]\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] No funds are actually appropriated and given to the IMF. It's only, it's only when they're drawn on that funds are transferred from the us treasury. Yes.\r\n\r\n- I think it would create a very poor psychological climate for commercial banks to extend lending for a period of time. But I'm not so sure that that a major debtor would in fact, declare a default. I think it's a very unlikely situation because these countries have benefited from, I think, arguably benefited from access to external credit. And it has indeed fostered some transfer of capital and economic growth in a large number of countries. And secondly, the, the growth in the commercial credit sector is the largest growth and credit worldwide with the cut back and government vending to the world bank, et cetera. So if a country wants future access to debt, then they're going to have to remain at least give the appearance of being solvent. Yes.\r\n\r\n- [Masculine Voice] Maybe you see that.. change in the attitude of,.. from the experience of words, group of banks might need to schedule long-term debts, but... it works out very, or maybe to move into projects for or to make money in developing countries.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] I think there'll be much less willing than they were in the past, but I think it would be very much regionalized in nature. That is, I think the willingness to lend to countries in Southeast Asia will be much greater than the willingness to land to countries in South America.\r\n\r\n- [Masculine Voice] Is there any regional difference in how the,... How the funds it seemed like the Southeast more diverse and gender that a relatively well somewhat fairly rigid, uh.. natural resource, they are relatively large scales that are considered relatively sensitive to\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] That could be now that could be a major factor and that's something that's development economists hopefully are looking into.\r\n\r\n- [Masculine Voice] I'm wondering if there's a.. if there's a little bit, whether the leaders kinda ah.. sometimes want to make a statement about ,progress ..\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] Oh, certainly. Well, political factors, there are extremely important. I don't think that there's any way to not to deny that and... yeah.. that may or may not have been abused and quite a few countries that are in the most serious difficulties now, but on the other hand, and using the example of the steel mill in Brazil, it might be more reasonable to say it was built in 1979. We expect a continued increase and demand for steel products over the next four years. And the situation changes. Yes..\r\n\r\n- [Masculine Voice] What do you see in the link between decreased foreign exchange or foreign currency and how they contribute to dependence? And then however you find then world what is the like between the two in that cycle of being here as far as economic ability, where as.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker] I'm not sure I can answer that shortly and sweetly. What does debt problem? perhaps illustrates as well as anything else is? And this is one way of addressing it is the increase of international linkage of capital markets between not only the, the developed world, which has become really quite, quite efficient in the last 10 years, but also starting to include the developed world in the longterm without, you know, with sufficient wherewithal and with sufficient information and.. even growth and the larger countries. Then I think this integration would take the, take the form of, of eventually equalizing investment opportunity and third world and first world countries. But on the other hand, if you face the, the governmental restrictions in third world countries that are now faced, as we've heard described before, and I think this becomes somewhat more unlikely. So we'll let the dis situation, the way that I look at it at this point is a measure of whether or not these capital markets are becoming integrated and whether or not there is going to be a net flow of resources from the larger developed countries to the third world.\r\n\r\n- [Masculine Voice] we will meet together again about three weeks. And we'll be sending out a notice to all of you, put your name on the list, so, if you need to get in touch with me in the mean time, let me write my ..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36636/file/105764#t=0.0,1144.18939"}]}]}]}