{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/542j67980q/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Rothchild, Donald S., Impressions on Teaching in Africa"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203322 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Impressions on Teaching in Africa is a September 26, 1983 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Donald Rothchild. Donald Rothchild discusses how the United States approaches relations with African countries.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=9.77,11.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the Reagan administration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=11.91,13.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I should tell you that it's fully sponsored","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=14.57,17.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Political Science Department,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=17.12,18.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Society for International Development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=18.92,21.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Department of History,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=21.76,23.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Graduate College,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=23.05,24.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Committee on Lectures and Pi Sigma Alpha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=24.58,27.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also our speaker has indicated that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=29.06,31.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the close of his talk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=31.39,34.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he would welcome questions or comments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=34.38,36.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think you might be preparing those as we go along.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=36.6,41.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're very pleased to have as our guests,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=42.67,45.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a person with both very impressive scholarly credentials,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=45.03,50.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as a great deal of personal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=51.08,53.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and practical experience in Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=53.68,56.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His PhD is from Johns Hopkins 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Maine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=63.35,66.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Makerere University in Kampala,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=66.07,69.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Nairobi,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=69.0,70.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Zambia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=70.55,72.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Ghana.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=72.31,73.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is currently a professor of political science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=74.673,77.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the university of California 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of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=84.33,87.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a number of other scholarly journals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=87.01,89.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Among his numerous books,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=91.35,94.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can point out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=94.06,95.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'Eagle Defiant: U.S Foreign Policy in the 1980s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=95.78,99.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and another recent book with Dr. Victor Olorunsola called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=100.18,105.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'State Versus Ethnic Claims: African policy Dilemmas'.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=105.768,110.768"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His list of scholarly articles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=111.06,114.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and book chapters is much too long for us to mention here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=114.01,119.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I will not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=119.15,121.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Will you please help me welcome Dr. Donald Rothchild.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=121.07,124.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=124.44,127.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=132.37,134.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm delighted to return to Iowa state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=135.95,138.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is my second trip back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=140.1,141.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I come back because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=141.86,142.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I always receive such a very warm welcome when I 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Iran.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=1497.1,1501.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So on these also the issue of Somalia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=1501.0,1505.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the United States had closer and closer 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more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=1516.89,1521.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and more conservative position.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=1522.5,1524.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we have the 1980 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back,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=1742.75,1744.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all professors write too much,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=1744.31,1745.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you can go back and read their 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partners.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=1787.42,1791.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's when Libya becomes involved in Chad,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=1791.94,1796.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something you might wanna go 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markets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2289.95,2292.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"African States have little alternative,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2292.53,2295.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but to sell their minerals to the West.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2295.24,2299.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you produce chrome,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2299.07,2300.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to sell chrome to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2301.4,2303.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the consumers who can use the chrome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2303.21,2305.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you're likely to sell your chrome if you're in Zimbabwe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2305.5,2309.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the United States and Western Europe because you have to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2309.3,2314.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pay minimum wages to your workers whom you don't 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reciprocity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2553.3,2555.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It used to be called parallel withdrawal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2555.88,2558.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's now changed towards 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provinces,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2564.67,2567.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while Angola assures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2567.95,2570.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"according to the modern formula,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2570.46,2571.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Angola simply assures by a separate sovereign act,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2571.78,2576.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the withdrawal of Cuban combat forces from its 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insensitivity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2584.71,2587.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that plays into the hands of South African interests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2587.93,2592.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that from the stand point of the MPLA government in Angola,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2593.15,2598.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cuban forces are necessary for domestic security reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2599.24,2603.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That they invite these military 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force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2609.817,2613.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which receives military equipment from the South Africans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2614.49,2618.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and acts as a de-stabilizing element.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2618.39,2620.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so they refuse to enter in truce,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2620.94,2623.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least this far,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2623.26,2624.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the kind of reciprocity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2624.54,2627.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is sought by the Reagan administration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2627.54,2631.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On top of that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2631.44,2632.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are apprehensions over what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2632.64,2634.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States offers to South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2634.44,2637.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If it goes along with this deal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2637.36,2639.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In a secret memorandum,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2639.54,2642.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I'm sure you've read,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2642.09,2643.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 'Counter Spy',","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2644.88,2645.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you read 'Counter Spy',","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2645.89,2647.357"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some statements were issued","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2648.82,2650.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the negotiations between the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2650.48,2652.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and South Africa and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2652.597,2654.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the United States behind the scenes is offering to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2654.14,2659.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paraphrase Crocker is an end of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2659.01,2662.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its pole cat status in the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2662.13,2665.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how the United States would deliver this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2665.32,2667.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this is what it's offering in return.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2667.71,2670.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although agreement has been reached","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2672.09,2673.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on constitutional principles for an independent Namibia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2673.64,2678.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is still no definite movement inside","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2678.02,2682.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards a final settlement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2682.45,2684.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have received assurances from State Department people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2684.87,2687.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on numerous occasions that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2687.67,2689.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the agreement is just about signed the delivered,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2689.41,2692.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it never seems to come about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2692.6,2694.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The South Africans are dragging their feet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2694.95,2697.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're dragging their feet presumably because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2697.55,2701.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certain elements within the South African military,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2701.22,2704.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as the politicians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2704.68,2707.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't want world attention to be directed at them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2707.01,2711.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once the Namibian conflict was resolved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=2711.32,2715.463"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22688/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/688/original/AV203322_Impressions_on_Teaching_in_Africa_a.vtt?1613498380","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/688/original/AV203322_Impressions_on_Teaching_in_Africa_a.vtt?1613498380"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22689","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203322_Impressions_on_Teaching_in_Africa_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711/transcript/22689/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Let me welcome you to this afternoon's lecture on American foreign policy in Africa, under the Reagan administration. I should tell you that it's fully sponsored by the Political Science Department, by the Society for International Development, the Department of History, the Graduate College, the Committee on Lectures and Pi Sigma Alpha. Also our speaker has indicated that at the close of his talk, he would welcome questions or comments. So I think you might be preparing those as we go along. We're very pleased to have as our guests, a person with both very impressive scholarly credentials, as well as a great deal of personal and practical experience in Africa. His PhD is from Johns Hopkins University. He has taught at Johns Hopkins, at Colby college in Maine, at Makerere University in Kampala, University of Nairobi, University of Zambia, University of Ghana. He is currently a professor of political science at the university of California Davis. He's a member of the board of editors of Africa Today and has been on the editorial board of a number of other scholarly journals. Among his numerous books, we can point out 'Eagle Defiant: U.S Foreign Policy in the 1980s and another recent book with Dr. Victor Olorunsola called 'State Versus Ethnic Claims: African policy Dilemmas'. His list of scholarly articles and book chapters is much too long for us to mention here. So I will not. Will you please help me welcome Dr. Donald Rothchild.\r\n\r\n- Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. I'm delighted to return to Iowa state. This is my second trip back and I come back because I always receive such a very warm welcome when I arrive and it's good to be with you again. I want to address today very important topic of Reagan administration policy on Africa. Not that it's going through dramatic changes in the last weeks or months, but that we really have to give some thought on the overall as to where we are going and what the implications of this foreign policy are. Traditionally, Africa has been a low priority on the U S foreign policy agenda. Until the 1970s, the United States was contempt to allow European powers to uphold Western interests on the continent. The United States worked through the British, through the French, the Belgians and the Portuguese. The only major United States intervention in the earlier period was the intervention in Congo. And in that case, the departing colonial power, the Belgians, were perceived by American policymakers to be too weak to resolve the pre-independence chaos. Chaos that American foreign policy makers figured would open the way to increased Soviet influence in what we regarded and still regard as a vital area. Although successive administrations voice support for the principle of self-determination and orderly, and I stress orderly transition to independence, the sympathy with nationalist aspirations was subordinated to close relations with European allies. Whenever these two values came into conflict, that is, I think the United States was sincere about wanting to see self-determination, but where a clash took place between the values of self-determination and orderly transfer and linkages to Western Europe being maintained, the United States opted for the latter. In the last decade, American involvement on the continents affairs has grown appreciably. The reasons for this change include a number of factors. Firstly, the waning of Western European influences in Africa. The former colonial powers are perceived by the United States as no longer able to safeguard what the United States regards as its key interests in that area. Secondly, an intensification of the struggle against white minority regimes in Southern Africa. As this struggle intensifies, the fear in American foreign policy circles is that it will create increasing opportunities for Soviet involvement in Africa and in a part of Africa perceived as critical to the United States. Thirdly, a growing concern over the scarcity of supplies of minerals and petroleum. This is particularly evident in the case of former Secretary of State, Alexander Haig, who is now of course out of office, but one sees it in subsequent foreign policy experts and analysts in the State Department fear that the United States will lose its access to resources that, it needs for its industrial and strategic purposes. I'll go into at a later point why I think these perceptions are invalid, misdirected and are distorted out of all importance in terms of reality. The priorities in American foreign policy are determined in large part, according to whether African issues are assessed from a globalist or a regionalist part perspective. What does one mean by these terms? Globalists, as I understand them, subordinate African issues to the perceived imperatives of the East-West confrontation. With Africa nearly another battleground on which to resist Soviet expansionism. The regionalist by contrast, give priority to African perceptions and sentiments on the issues at hand and place their emphasis upon the uniqueness of the African environment. So they are more sensitive to African hopes, African aspirations and see conflicts in Africa in terms of domestic African rivalries, not external rivalries. In practice, there is considerable overlap between the regionalist and the globalist positions. Even so certain trends are apparent. U.S policy appears to have gone full circle over the last decade with the globalist position in ascendancy at the beginning of the decade and now again at the end of the decade and the beginning of the eighties. Yet the policy is marked by some degree of continuity from one administration to another. One doesn't want to overstate regionalist globalists dichotomy. This is explained in part by the fact that every administration has a wide spectrum of individuals within it, who vary all the way from extreme globalists to regionalists. If you look at the present Reagan administration, it ranges from Secretary Crocker, who would represent something of an academic moderate or mild academic conservative, all the way to Mr. Clark or Mr Weinberger who represent a rather hard line position on globalist issues. So administrations are divided among themselves and one could not see real continuity in personnel and among the Carter people one saw a big difference between say Andrew Young and Mr. Vance on the one hand and Mr Brzezinski and when he was involved, Mr Huntington on the other hand. Over the life of an administration, there was a balance between the two perspectives and their representatives will change as a result of policy failures and bureaucratic struggles. Struggles to take place within the Department of State or between the Department of State, the Defense Department, Department of Commerce and so forth and so on. And this is what one saw during the Carter period in the struggle between Vance and Young on the one hand and Brzezinski on the other, with over time Brzezinski appearing to win out. During most of the Kissinger years, if we could go back to that period, African policy was shaped by Kissinger's conception of global realpolitik. Shortly after taking over or taking office, Kissinger supervised the national security council review, so-called NSSM 39, which concluded that the United States interests in Africa were concentrated in the Southern part of the continent. That Soviet encroachment could best be prevented in that Southern part of the continent by backing the white regimes in the region. He described these white regimes as white governments, white community in Southern Africa as here to stay. Following this, the United States government, the Nixon administration, showed little leadership on a number of very critical issues. It was a government of inaction and lack of leadership. For example, with respect to the Byrd Amendment which would have kept the embargo on strategic minerals. Particularly chrome from Rhodesia. The Nixon administration allowed this embargo to come to an end. It did not offer the leadership in Congress that the President is capable of offering if he regards as an issue of considerable import. The Nixon administration supported Portugal and South Africa in a number of votes in the United Nations. And it went on to make decisions with respect to what was civilian and what was military equipment. And therefore if it was regarded as civilian, it could be sent to South Africa. For example, judging on the export of assessing the airplane. Is this a civilian airplane or a military airplane? It can be used for military purposes. It can be used very effectively as a spotter aircraft and the Nixon administration inclined to be more permissive, allowing certain Boeings that could be refitted and use to transport troops. Allowing various other equipment to be sent to the Portuguese and the South Africans. In brief Kissinger and Nixon failed to pay attention to the strength of African sediments and the realities of the local situation. And I think that this insensitivity was in part responsible for the debacle which followed in Angola. Where the United States became identified with South African military forces and indirectly we're involved in what became military defeat and the rise of the MPLA government. Kissinger's response to the collapse of the Portuguese Empire with its implications for continued white rule in Zimbabwe and Namibia was to abandon his previous hard line approach for one much closer to the regionalist perspective on Africa. That is the emergence of MPLA, the defeat of the South African forces, the obvious smashing of influence in Angola and Mozambique Portuguese influences, the disappearance of many Portuguese settlers from the area. It was obvious that American policy as previously construed had failed and Kissinger, the realist study was altered policy in 1976. So here we come to virtually the end of the Nixon administration and in April of 1976 an important speech in Lusaka, Zambia, Kissinger identified the United States with African concerns and African aspirations. Finally, he had moved towards the regionalist position. With respect to Zimbabwe, he talked in his Lusaka speech of majority rule prior to independence and stressed upon Salisbury the necessity of a negotiated settlement and in fact, did meet subsequently with Ian Smith in South Africa to press Ian Smith to enter into negotiations so that he did carry that out. On the Namibian issue, he exerted pressure on South Africa to allow for a negotiated settlement and for the United Nations supervision of the transition to independence. On South Africa, he talked off quiet diplomacy and said in effect that in dealing with a sovereign state that a quiet diplomacy was the only means that was availing, which could bring about a change in the regime in the direction of a more egalitarian society. So the Lusaka speech represented a beginning, at the end of Nixon's stay in power, a beginning of his movement in the direction of a regionalist position. It's very interesting I was living in Ghana at the time. The reaction in West Africa and also Tanzania to the Kissinger speech and Kissinger's whole position on Southern Africa,. In Ghana, he was supposed to stop through Accra on the way home and before he arrived, the Ghana government made it very clear that they did not want a Kissinger to land at Accra and carry on normal diplomatic relations. So the feeling towards Kissinger was one of a residue of hostility. Hostility because of his hard line confrontation as positioned during his earlier years in power and a feeling that he could not quite be trusted to carry out all of the good pledges that he had made in his Lusaka statement in April, 1976. And so the Kissinger, Nixon, Ford period comes to an end and is replaced by a Carter administration that in terms of rhetoric, in terms of language at least and in terms of intention I think, represented a departure from the confrontationist hard lined globalist view that Kissinger had previously represented. Certainly elements of Kissinger's 1976 accommodation and the Lusaka speech was adopted by the incoming Carter team. There were significant differences however in the dominant metaphors, which informed the choices of foreign policy by these two administrations. The Carter emphasis was on accommodation and interdependence whereas Kissinger had emphasized a kind of realpolitik. In this regard, Carter showed a greater sensitivity to Africa's concerns. He no longer sought to determine outcomes unilaterally, but rather to work with local forces in Africa to bring out policies that were desired to Africans by Africans, as well as by Westerners. One saw a policy making process then that was dominated generally by regionalist by Andrew Young, by Cyrus Vance, by a majority of professionals in the State Department's Africa Bureau, many of whom found themselves without a job when the 1980 elections were over with and by the members of the policy planning staff of the State Department. Nigeria emerged significantly as the second most important source of petroleum during this period and American trade with Nigeria increased dramatically during the Carter tenure in office. And I think that this reinforced this accommodationist stands. If one looks for a material explanation for the positions that one takes in history. I think in part the desire to work with Nigeria and to have good relations are buttressed by this increasing trade relations. And so Nigeria became dubbed as a new influential. This was the common phrase. It was the major new influential in Africa and significantly Carter stopped the Wolf on one of his worldwide trips in Lagos to meet with Nigerians and so one sees a redoubled attack upon South African racism by the Carter administration. And that this wins significant support in Africa and most significantly from some quarters in Nigeria. The African response to Carter's liberal internationalism, I think represents one of the great pluses in our foreign relations during that period and during the period of the post-war era. One sees better relations encouraged by the fact of the express sympathy for African issues and African objectives by the unwavering support that the Carter administration gave to the all party negotiations in Zimbabwe and by the Carter administration's inclination to support mediation by the OAU rather than a unilateral settlement. An inclination to mediate between different groups and not to intervene unilaterally in African affairs. Yet by Carter's third year in office, discontent with the Carter administration and its policies were increasing. One saw rising criticism in many quarters over Carter's restraint on the Horn of Africa. This included such important leaders in the Senate as Senator Henry Jackson. A feeling that American non-intervention on the Horn, that's in the Somali-Ethiopian confrontation, was not matched by Soviet non-intervention. And in fact, the Soviets did ship in roughly 2 billion and as time went on 3 billion worth of military equipment, also assisted Cuban forces who went to Ethiopia and tipped the balance of power in the fighting that took place in favor of the Ethiopians. And this led to rising criticism of the Carter administration. That it was naive, that it was not prepared to engage in a world in which confrontation was a way of life. That the second criticism is that there was no clear progress towards resolving this dispute in Namibia. That since the April, 1976 speech, the United States promised to exert pressure upon the South Africans to bring the South Africans to the bargaining table to give up some influence over Namibia and allow Namibia to become independent. And an actual fact, the United States had achieved no significant results. One can point to other failures but the result was I think a perceptible shift in the last six to nine months on a number of issues. With the Brzezinski forces coming to the fore and the United States moving in what I see as a much more clearly conservative direction. And it makes me wonder had Carter won the 1980 election, how differently would have acted say in the dispute in Chad, which I'll discuss very shortly, than the present administration. I can give a couple of examples of hard line thinking in the last year in office. For example, the Carter administration refused to give diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union and to Cuban backed forces in Angola. The position that even though it was a Cuban backed regime in Angola that the United States still insisted upon denying recognition to that regime. Secondly, one sees a decision to provide military equipment to Morocco and significant amounts of military equipment was actually sent in. A decision to acquire access to military facilities in Diego Garcia, a tiny island in the Indian Ocean which is used as a kind of land-based aircraft carrier. Particularly for the rapid deployment forces. It was used significantly in the desert raid into Iran. So on these also the issue of Somalia where the United States had closer and closer relations with the Siad Bahrain government. One finds a number of issues on which the United States in the last six months to nine months took on a more and more conservative position. So we have the 1980 election and the 1980 election brings a new administration to the fore. And I think the new Reagan administration, which was victorious in 1980, represents a new unilateralism. A new initiative, a decision that the United States will take care of its own interests even if it has to act alone in order to do so. So I want to turn for the remainder of the time I have to the Reagan administration. The African policy on the Reagan administration, as it expresses itself today, reflects the priority it accords to East-West issues. It downplays the initial Carter emphasis on interdependence and accommodation to African wishes and aspirations and objectives and attempts to reassert U.S power. And I'll go into the ways in which it reasserts this very shortly. I think you see elements here of a new unilateralism. That is that the United States should go it alone because it is the only reliable bulwark against Soviet backed or Soviet expansion on its own. This new unilateralism plays down the significance of the international community, the traditional international economic relations through multilateral institutions for example and subordinates much of American foreign policy to the needs of so-called supply side economics and monetarist domestic economic policies. One sees this reflected in the abysmal record of the Reagan administration on economic assistance. The 1981 overseas development assistance as a percentage of the gross national product fell to 0.20% and among industrialized countries, the only country with a lower percentage's Italy, which means that the United States is not really in this area doing its fair share. The new unilateralism also displays an indifference to the third world's political attitudes and aspirations. I think the most symbolic action all this period that we live through today is the Law of the Seas treaty. Not that the United States is alone in not ratifying the Law of the Seas treaty, but certainly the rejection of this treaty represents a disdain for the aspirations of at least 50 countries in Africa that faced the worst economic severity that they've ever known and looked to the Law of the Seas as one new area where they can secure some of the resources that they need for developmental purposes. Well, African policy and brief then seems to be subordinated to the Reagan administration's globalist approach. This was evident from the very outset in the thinking of the administration. If one goes back, and all professors write too much, so you can go back and read their writings to get an idea of the values that they support. If one goes back to the writings of Chester Crocker, the new Under Secretary of State for Africa, before he took office his positions were very, very clear and have been followed pretty much to the latter that Soviet Cuban military activity was the single most destabilizing factor in an already fragile environment. The policy consequences of this view for Crocker are the following, that the United States must take seriously the de-stabilizing role of Moscow's regional partners. That's when Libya becomes involved in Chad, something you might wanna go over with me in discussion period. The United States must take it seriously. The United States must become involved. This is a matter of global concern and the United States cannot remain detached. In Southern Africa for Crocker, there is need for greater empathy and I quote his own words, \"greater empathy towards the awesome political dilemma \"in which the Afrikaners and other whites find themselves.\" Well I mean greater empathy towards the majority might make more sense. And shows a tilting, as we saw in the earlier Nixon period, a tilting back towards the interest of the white community. And this is very clearly perceived in many African capitals. And so the United States, according to Chester Crocker should pursue a policy of what he calls constructive engagement. This is the most symbolic phrase of the administration on the Southern African issue. He argues that the U.S lacks the power to coerce Pretoria and that it must maintain pressure on South Africa to move from apartheid through a process of quiet diplomacy. And what you have to work out for yourself is how effective is a quiet diplomacy as a means of bringing about change? Now, there has been much misunderstanding as to what constructive engagement means and only a few months ago in an important address in San Francisco, Under Secretary of State, Lawrence Eagleburger declared the following as a re-interpretation which holds the present time as to what constructive engagement is. \"Our policy, says Eagleburger, \"constructive engagement supports those inside \"and outside of government in South Africa \"who are committed to peaceful change away from apartheid.\" And he seeks to send the following unambiguous message. \"First that we agree with those South Africans who recognize \"that change is imperative. \"And second, that we are determined \"to permit them the opportunity to shape and define \"that change free of the threat of foreign intervention.\" So constructive engagement is redefined as an effort made to say that it is not a tilting but rather a form by which one will bring pressure and that the pressure will be constructive in nature. Well, so much for the policy of the administration. What has been the practice of the Reagan administration? What has it achieved so far and how can we assess its present activities. The Reagan administration's approach to African security issues is different from that of its predecessors in terms of its assertiveness on East-West issues. It seeks actively to counter Soviet expansion, whether direct or indirect through the agency of local proxies. Thus in August of 1983, the U.S responded quickly to a Libyan backed defensive in Chad by sending two AWACS, these are electronic surveillance airplanes and authorizing $25 million in emergency military aid. Commented a State Department official at the time that the AWACS were withdrawn, \"we believe the deployment, \"clearly demonstrated U.S concern over the events in Chad. \"It also demonstrated once again, \"the close ties between the United States and its friends \"and the ability of the United States to respond quickly \"and appropriately when circumstances dictate.\" Of course, the major bone of contention between the French and the Americans should've been utilized. And so the issue that arises for many is the effectiveness of Reagan's global posture under present third world circumstances. By stressing military solutions to political problems, the Reagan orientation has tended to pay insufficient attention to the complexities of politics on the continent of Africa. It tends to under estimate the strength of the African commitment to non-alignment, a value which Africa and Asia and Latin America together place considerable store by at least in terms of meetings and statements. It tends to underestimate the commitment that Africa makes to the ending of racism in South Africa and the commitment that Africa makes to the New International Economic Order. It overestimates the extent to which African share the Reagan administration's perceptions on the centrality of the Soviet threat and your perfect evidence of this is the recent abstention in the Security Council of Zimbabwe on the issue of the Cuban airliner. It isn't that Mugabe was not concerned. He made statements of horror that civilian airplanes are shot down. But that his reading of his African constituency for whom he speaks at the security council is that this was becoming an East-West issue. And that Africa was opting for a non-aligned position. The Reagan globalism involves, as I would see it, a number of dubious assumptions on the Soviet role in Africa. Firstly, that the Soviet Union has the ability to control outcomes on the continent. This seems questionable that the Soviets can actually mold the African experience to their own liking, which would seem to be implied by this assumption. No doubt the Soviets have had a decisive influence in determining the outcomes of certain African conflicts one thinks of Ethiopia, one thinks of Angola. However, African States also exercise the ability to manipulate Soviet support for their own purposes. They even ousted Soviet diplomats as one saw in Guinea or in Somalia telling the Soviets to leave. So that it's an overstatement to assume that the Soviets wear sevenly boots, that they'll always be triumphant and that they control events on the African continent. Secondly, a widespread belief that Soviet influence might be used to persuade client states to cut off mineral supplies to Western markets. That a major concern for Haig and for others is to control the seas and to control access to strategic minerals. I think this underestimates the control that the Soviet Union exercises over the policy of states in Africa, even over the policies of clients states. Given their dependence upon the exports of raw materials and the lack of alternative markets, African States have little alternative, but to sell their minerals to the West. If you produce chrome, you have to sell chrome to the consumers who can use the chrome. So you're likely to sell your chrome if you're in Zimbabwe to the United States and Western Europe because you have to pay minimum wages to your workers whom you don't want to see out of the job. And I think it's an overstatement to assume that upon coming to power, a Soviet backed client would simply cut off the exports of these year strategic minerals in a cavalier way. Thirdly, there is an assumption by the Reagan administration that Africa can be dichotomized into friends and enemies. And this goes back to a great fear that existed in the United States that we let down friends in Vietnam, that we let the Shaw down and that if we're to have any credibility in the world today that we must standby our friends in Africa. And so we direct our attack against alleged Soviet surrogates, for example, Libya and Marxist in Ethiopia and Angola. But we are not particularly critical. In fact, we supportive of other countries that alleged themselves to be our friends, such as Morocco and Liberia. And so I think that we see a policy developing in which our friends have a great deal of leverage over us and we lack the capacity to influence such friends as Morocco to follow a more enlightened policy on issues in the Maghreb which ought to lead, for example, to a referendum on the Western Saharan issue. If you simply are uncritical and supply military equipment, you lose control over these events and it may lead to the very destabilization that you might most want to avoid. And so the United States has come to seem to embrace allies on the basis that they oppose communism. And I think that this could have a long run deleterious effect. Morocco and Zaire supported because they are allies even though their civil liberties records or their foreign policy records are in some cases deplorable. In resisting Libyan expansionism. Aligning oneself with Liberia, elements in Somalia and in Sudan who really become colleagues of convenience rather than groups we might ideally want to be associated with. They think it creates inflexibilities which involved very real risks for our own policy. Globalist assumptions have also led Washington to single out the Namibian issue for special attention. That if the Reagan administration could solve the Namibian issue, that this would represent a great success for its foreign policy and State Department people I've talked to have stressed frequently that they look upon this as the major impetus to their activities at the moment. The Namibian conflict is perceived as a principle means through which the Soviet Union can increase it's influenced in the region of Southern Africa, which we regard as a most critical one. Although external mediation is always a risky process, Crocker has shown some ingenuity in the way that he has negotiated with the Angolans and negotiated with the frontline states and also with South Africa. He sought to apply the principle that he describes as reciprocity. It used to be called parallel withdrawal. It's now changed towards reciprocity. That is that South Africa must withdraw from Namibia and from Angola's Southern provinces, while Angola assures, according to the modern formula, Angola simply assures by a separate sovereign act, the withdrawal of Cuban combat forces from its territory. This is seen as a kind of interference by many African States and insensitivity that plays into the hands of South African interests that from the stand point of the MPLA government in Angola, Cuban forces are necessary for domestic security reasons. That they invite these military forces to defend them against UNITA, which is a nationalist force which receives military equipment from the South Africans and acts as a de-stabilizing element. And so they refuse to enter in truce, at least this far, into the kind of reciprocity that is sought by the Reagan administration. On top of that, there are apprehensions over what the United States offers to South Africa. If it goes along with this deal. In a secret memorandum, which I'm sure you've read, in 'Counter Spy', if you read 'Counter Spy', some statements were issued on the negotiations between the United States and South Africa and what the United States behind the scenes is offering to paraphrase Crocker is an end of its pole cat status in the world. I don't know how the United States would deliver this but this is what it's offering in return. Although agreement has been reached on constitutional principles for an independent Namibia, there is still no definite movement inside towards a final settlement. I have received assurances from State Department people on numerous occasions that the agreement is just about signed the delivered, but it never seems to come about. The South Africans are dragging their feet and they're dragging their feet presumably because certain elements within the South African military, as well as the politicians, don't want world attention to be directed at them. Once the Namibian conflict was resolved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105711#t=0.0,2721.20163"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And so once the Reagan administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=5.56,8.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"placing a great deal of its bets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=9.84,13.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you could call it that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=13.18,14.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a solution of the Namibian crisis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=14.17,19.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and taking very high risks in doing so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=19.13,22.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the likelihood of coming to a conclusion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=22.09,25.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is satisfactory to world opinion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=25.73,28.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seems to be very unlikely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=28.05,31.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I would end by arguing that what we need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=31.53,36.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of what I've been describing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=37.72,39.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since I'm a confessed regionalist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=39.44,42.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be more sensitivity to African aspirations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=43.88,48.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on key issues,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=51.951,53.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a more accurate appraisal of Soviet motives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=53.71,58.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Soviet power, not to overestimate them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=58.27,62.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and on the South African issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=62.63,64.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to apply more stick and less carrot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=64.4,68.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=68.56,69.732"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=69.732,72.732"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, your chance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=79.592,81.092"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=96.057,96.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e To start off, anyway, I don't,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=96.89,98.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you haven't quite convinced me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=98.913,99.746"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Reagan is not a good strategist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=99.746,103.435"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as American policies concerned in Namibia and Angola.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=103.435,108.384"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(door thuds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=108.384,110.085"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was thinking it with getting out the 25,000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=110.085,112.972"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"human troops of Angola and recognizing Namibia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=112.972,116.889"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I think you're asking more from,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=118.84,121.582"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the problem is you want a conclusion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=121.582,123.881"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Namibian independence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=123.881,125.794"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you're asking more really from the Angolans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=125.794,129.711"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than is reasonably fair to ask of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=131.62,134.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you were threatened by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=137.15,139.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a powerful military force in UNITA,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=139.88,143.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's quite logical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=144.87,145.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that you would want to have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=145.8,147.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some foreign trained forces in your country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=147.37,150.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's humiliating to have someone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=151.542,154.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make the kinds of demands really motivated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=155.73,159.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a kind of Cold War perception","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=159.53,161.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that because they're Cuban forces they're necessarily bad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=161.9,164.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think in terms of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=164.49,168.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expressing a kind of sovereign will of your own,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=169.23,172.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you would want to stand up to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=172.55,174.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think it makes coming to a conclusion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=174.25,177.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the negotiations very difficult,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=177.67,180.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm very, very skeptical,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=180.05,182.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been all along, that on the other side,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=182.64,186.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you're able to offer enough to South Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=186.46,191.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they all really make the concession on the other side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=191.21,193.541"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, I think Namibia is much less likely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=193.541,196.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have a successful conclusion than other people do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=196.58,199.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, I don't think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=199.79,200.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can end South Africa's polecat status.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=200.83,203.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The very moment that Namibia became independent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=204.79,209.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world would demand more concessions from South Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=213.17,216.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on issues of apartheid,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=216.09,217.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that there's nothing the United States could deliver","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=217.71,221.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make South Africa respectable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=221.22,223.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply because she'd given up something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=223.5,224.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she oughtn't have had in the first place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=224.98,227.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think that powerful forces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=227.83,231.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within South Africa, particularly the army,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=231.32,234.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seeing Namibia as a place to carry on military maneuvers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=234.63,239.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just as they're moving northward in Mozambique","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=241.45,244.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Zimbabwe, unsettling the homelands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=247.49,252.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think they'll follow a course of unsettlement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=252.25,256.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and having an unclear situation in Namibia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=256.36,260.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is not independent, serves their interests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=260.57,263.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I don't see on either side that linkage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=263.01,266.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"serves our interests and...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=266.72,268.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Probably that lower profile by the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=270.15,275.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would serve our interests more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=276.72,278.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I would say, yes, Jonathan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=278.18,280.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chair screeching)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=281.619,282.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm thinking that the president will essentially,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=282.623,286.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you have been brought here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=286.323,289.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to parliament what is really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=289.233,292.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by Mozambique people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=292.753,293.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You might think that coming to power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=295.68,300.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through regular administration,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=302.525,304.545"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's important to remember","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=304.545,305.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in long run, the US-African relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=305.817,309.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, first of all, starting from South Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=311.65,316.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Reagan administration declared support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=318.338,321.059"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the South African administration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=321.059,323.809"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you look into the supporters in South Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=323.809,328.142"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we see that there is a lot of things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=329.54,331.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taken in Angola and such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=331.47,333.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fact that the UNITA is becoming stronger and stronger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=334.421,337.271"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and interrupting government officials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=338.47,342.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at the same time in Mozambique, you get the same thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=342.23,347.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the literalists or reactionalists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=348.425,351.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for me I don't know any difference (dull thud).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=351.86,354.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Mozambique, they have become more power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=354.06,356.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This does not come from somewhere","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=358.29,360.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it is because the only place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=360.32,362.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has moral support to South Africa is USA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=362.763,366.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if there is somebody behind South Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=368.02,370.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we see that what it is doing is okay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=370.96,373.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then it would be pursuing more trusting matters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=373.67,376.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against African countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=376.31,378.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This track is not only to support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=378.79,380.982"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the countries which are near South Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=380.982,383.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but all Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=383.53,384.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is Lou Peterman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=385.62,387.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somebody or seven countries supports apartheid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=387.46,391.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at the same time he is trying to return Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=391.96,395.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the colonial situation, is the moral.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=396.861,400.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the fact that even as I say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=400.47,402.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unit accounts to power in a war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=402.48,404.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what does it mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=406.05,407.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is no good to produce or to use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=407.958,409.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South African support to overthrow the other governments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=413.249,418.249"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is not alone, it has taken place in Zaire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=418.689,422.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is taking place also in Chad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=422.25,423.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it is the situation we need,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=424.99,427.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with so many people say that union is pro-US,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=427.25,430.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that's not the case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=431.85,433.859"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Libya is a different thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=433.859,435.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's looking at the African view of what is taking place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=435.82,440.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody, if I'm leader with a country in Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=441.033,444.657"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"support anybody with youth in South Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=444.657,447.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as its main base.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=447.93,450.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Using South African weapons to come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=450.88,453.964"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and overthrow the African government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=453.964,457.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yet you are telling us we're placed where the situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=458.208,461.158"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of decolonization would be able to overcome","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=461.158,464.065"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we are pursuing a different space.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=464.065,466.736"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a retrogression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=466.736,468.509"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are regressing to a different situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=468.509,469.897"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whereby we will not have what we are actually for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=469.897,474.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So for me I think that this current situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=474.0,477.304"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Africa is really detrimental to US-African relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=477.304,482.304"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is also, you can watch","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=482.906,485.036"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the other international relations of USA,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=485.036,488.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the Reagan administration came to power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=489.96,492.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first thing he did was to induce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=492.59,495.281"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the suppression and killing of Christian in Lebanon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=495.281,499.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This they didn't move away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=500.95,502.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was later on what Reagan 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us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=509.1,511.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"showing that the destruction of Soviet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=513.36,517.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war materials in Bachir Gemayel was actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=518.24,522.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a joint plan of Venezuelan-USA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=523.81,525.769"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(coughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=525.769,527.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in this 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moving,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=530.22,531.624"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"telling us a situation of different things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=531.624,534.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than one war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=534.88,536.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is why we can say sometimes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=537.36,539.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why should we go do to that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=539.2,540.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Think that the coalition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=540.51,542.311"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a collective intelligence collection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=542.311,545.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know that USA is going to deploy arms in western U.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=545.04,549.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why is it going to do that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=549.96,551.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To do that, it must collect certain important,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=551.253,554.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several important intelligence about USSR.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=555.11,559.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why, so that we can deploy this swifter?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=562.13,564.802"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It might be helpful, that they can use,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=564.802,567.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if they can help us collect this important information.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=567.01,570.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know these are taking 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plane.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=575.963,578.862"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=578.862,579.695"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It cannot be another Watergate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=579.695,583.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You may think that you've let us say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=584.336,586.426"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the US is far, hardly, I understand that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=586.426,590.019"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reagan is actually for war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=590.019,591.819"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether African people are innocent or not,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=591.819,594.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he is for war to advance the interests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=594.4,596.521"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the white minority in Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=596.521,598.939"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is detrimental not for we Africans alone,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=598.939,602.282"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but for anybody who loves peace,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=602.282,604.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even the public, the American campaign.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=604.42,607.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sure that this situation is detrimental","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=607.32,610.289"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to world peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=610.289,612.067"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if there are white people looking,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=612.067,614.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they must look far, not just near.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=614.53,616.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not just you see the 269 people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=616.7,619.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have fallen down and are being killed by Russians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=619.117,622.309"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Russians who are being abused","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=622.309,624.021"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by central (indistinct) over the last two years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=624.021,626.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the administration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=626.63,628.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is my comment about the situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=628.29,631.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Certainly I share with you a feeling that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=631.547,635.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I've tried to show the whole way through the talk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=636.76,638.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there's myopia in a globalist approach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=638.73,643.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a continent that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=643.99,645.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think deals with African problems on its own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=646.55,650.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I do think you have to see American policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=650.12,655.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the way the administration articulates it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=655.97,659.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to understand constructive engagement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=659.16,662.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one must read the Eagleburger statement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=662.72,664.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, is that being used in class?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=664.71,667.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What Eagleburger says","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=667.31,668.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the United States condemns apartheid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=670.92,674.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as morally wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=674.3,675.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that I think you can go ahead and criticize.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=676.62,678.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I criticized with you the fact that, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=678.74,682.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd say it isn't effective in altering a situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=682.56,687.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is morally wrong,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=687.6,688.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it does stand firmly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=688.63,691.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including this administration, in abhorring apartheid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=691.08,694.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then I think applying overly soft measures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=695.2,698.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to deal with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=698.61,699.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't want to get into the shooting down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=700.83,703.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of civilian airliners because I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=703.17,705.414"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's an abhorrent incident.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=705.414,707.664"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a product of the Cold War,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=708.94,710.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's a terrible thing not to be able to fly around","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=710.32,713.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in flying around, make a mistake","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=713.08,715.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and get shot down for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=715.62,716.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=717.96,719.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You indicate that more restrictions in South Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=719.13,722.569"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what would the accommodation of measures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=722.569,724.386"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(loud thudding) that you would recommend?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=724.386,729.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, there's a superb article in foreign affairs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=729.113,732.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that lists 50 gradations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=732.46,735.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"running from cultural sanctions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=737.39,739.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through economic sanctions through diplomatic sanctions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=739.86,742.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one could apply these up the line","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=742.53,745.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until they had some kind of effect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=745.6,747.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that cutting off of cultural contacts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=751.23,756.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of certain sorts would be advisable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=758.464,761.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a limiting of further investment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=761.22,764.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by American multinationals in South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=764.3,766.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And continuing to turn the screw,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=768.08,771.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to turn the screw til you raise the costs on South Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=771.93,776.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of pursuing the kinds of policies on say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=778.16,781.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Namibian question that it's currently pursuing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=781.53,784.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=786.44,787.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e My opinion is to know of American administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=789.332,793.499"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been able to appreciate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=796.313,798.646"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and understand furthermore and Africa in particular,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=800.96,805.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from my, um --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=808.42,810.118"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e On which aspects?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=810.118,812.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Where, with the Castro,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=812.3,813.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"current world aspirations, development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=814.557,818.086"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political stability (clears throat)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=818.086,820.988"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do not think that any administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=820.988,823.049"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has come to a conclusion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=823.049,825.207"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and from now on the collection and from what I have read,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=825.207,828.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some administrations have maybe over 300 captured,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=828.81,833.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I found that the United States was insensitive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=833.86,837.887"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many cases to the aspiration of Nagari","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=839.15,842.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in generally, what we could try to get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=842.347,846.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most right, if possible,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=846.02,848.249"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then, in numbers in the South,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=848.249,851.349"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what happened is that the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=851.349,853.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have (indistinct) with use,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=853.16,857.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or popular with use,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=857.65,858.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then anybody or any group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=858.98,863.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that tries for independence as an African nation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=863.29,866.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they might declare them nihilists, communists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=866.95,869.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or what have you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=870.198,872.688"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in this process the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=872.688,876.366"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have lost out in Angola,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=876.366,879.684"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Mozambique, in Guinea-Bissau,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=879.684,882.351"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what the United States pays for them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=884.417,887.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that you cannot keep people down forever","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=889.463,894.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what these people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=895.04,896.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come up with is oppression,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=898.374,901.205"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what will happen is that you will be the number one enemy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=901.205,905.736"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because nobody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=905.736,906.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe who understands the situation in Africa will take","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=909.875,914.502"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States very seriously,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=914.502,916.705"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll be held suspicious of what they,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=916.705,919.955"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what they are fighting, they are fighting in Angola","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=922.258,926.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yet most where Australia or (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=926.24,931.048"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is they are doing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=931.048,933.256"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and whoever will help (indistinct) with its independence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=933.256,938.256"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is how you begin us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=938.414,940.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And next you're going to get a letter to independence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=942.098,945.417"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Angola, who are trying desperately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=945.417,948.768"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have good relations with the US.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=948.768,951.476"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if the Reagan administration refuses to cast Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=951.476,956.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the coalition in light","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=956.117,958.555"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the US to Vietnam provocation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=958.555,961.919"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would be absolutely a mistake.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=961.919,964.669"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e We agree totally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=966.386,968.481"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chuckling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=968.481,969.634"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What happened in that day,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=969.634,971.225"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whenever I faced losing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=971.225,973.225"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States will be the main enemy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=974.145,976.694"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=976.694,978.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because what happened in that day,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=978.693,980.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as much as many other countries are implied,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=980.943,984.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States (cough),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=987.369,991.086"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are very much in support of the US","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=991.086,993.961"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through many intelligence agents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=993.961,995.472"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because instead of being handled properly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=995.472,998.898"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the lack of abuse present in countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=998.898,1002.691"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then, uh, when facing in South Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1002.691,1006.748"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as an example, it would be really 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Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1011.748,1016.581"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the policies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1017.759,1018.842"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is definitely unfortunate that the United 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Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1024.306,1025.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1027.876,1029.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you know, the whole thrust of everything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1029.95,1032.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've said is to agree with you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1032.18,1033.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the falseness of the globalist emphasis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1033.35,1037.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, your two variables were most interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1037.13,1040.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one was stability and the other was development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1040.91,1044.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, if the United States is oriented towards anything,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1044.4,1048.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's towards achieving a kind of full stability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1048.17,1050.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at a cost in terms of say racial equity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1050.78,1054.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or new international economic order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1054.17,1057.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I don't, I would be probably less inclined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1057.47,1060.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to single that out as my variable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1060.24,1062.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and on the issue of development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1062.56,1064.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would agree with you, but I think we're all failing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1064.73,1067.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fact that food production in Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1067.81,1070.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is going backwards is a problem for everybody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1070.73,1074.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here you are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1074.29,1075.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a major agricultural institution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1075.88,1078.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My own is too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1078.88,1080.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have very few solutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1080.2,1082.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as to increasing food production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1082.32,1085.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"getting factories going and increasing trade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1085.37,1088.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I somehow I feel it isn't United States or the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1088.06,1091.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the whole world is doing a very poor job","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1091.96,1094.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of reviving the economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1094.75,1096.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1096.85,1097.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1098.89,1100.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Per your talk and perhaps rightly, I expect so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1100.017,1104.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the flavor of the formulation of domestic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1105.61,1107.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of foreign policy towards Africa in this country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1107.98,1111.357"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is this sort of vacuum, real politic is abroad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1111.357,1115.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you had to list the major domestic political pressures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1115.95,1120.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and forces on the formulation of African policy, if any,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1120.03,1125.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what would they be, including material resources?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1125.15,1128.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You start with the fact that domestic pressures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1131.66,1135.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are very limited on African issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1135.23,1138.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One major group are church groups and humanitarian groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1140.79,1145.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who exert considerable pressure for aid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1145.84,1149.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sometimes the human rights issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1149.71,1152.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A second group would be your professional Africanists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1153.99,1157.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They could be state department people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1157.49,1159.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"academics, think tank people, and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1160.42,1163.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By and large, they count for very, very little.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1164.42,1168.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The American black community has an increasing importance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1169.7,1174.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the congressional caucus meets fairly regularly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1175.18,1179.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and takes African issues seriously,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1179.07,1182.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and much of the information that's released,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1182.89,1186.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mentioned one of those secret documents,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1186.19,1189.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was released because trans-Africa got,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1189.34,1192.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somehow got hold of those Xerox copies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1192.17,1197.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they were published in \"Counterspy.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1197.04,1199.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is a form of exerting pressure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1200.67,1203.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the American government to pursue a liberal direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1203.21,1206.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you have those three groups on the liberal side","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1206.44,1209.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and multinational corporations frequently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1209.89,1213.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pressuring for certain trade advantages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1213.42,1217.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, you could see it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1217.68,1218.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the Byrd Amendment period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1218.67,1220.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Certain corporations insisting that the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1221.82,1224.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"allow Rhodesian chrome to come into the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1224.78,1228.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So those are the four main interest groups that I would say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1228.14,1231.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I would stress along with you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1231.04,1233.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a great problem here is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1233.32,1237.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Americans are so unaware of African issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1237.34,1239.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't blame them in this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1239.91,1242.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because, as I said at a talk at lunch,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1242.4,1245.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, anybody who would be aware of anything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1245.1,1246.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given American media would be absolutely marvelous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1246.85,1250.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can't get hold of good information from the newspapers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1250.3,1253.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But all things considered, they exert","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1254.92,1257.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very, very little information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1257.87,1259.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and show a very low level of concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1259.34,1261.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of my colleagues gave a course on South Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1261.94,1266.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two years ago on my campus, at Davis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1266.22,1270.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't think of a more exciting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1270.37,1272.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or more important issue than the issue of South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1272.82,1275.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On a campus of 19,000 people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1275.74,1277.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three people signed up for the course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1278.92,1280.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think if one took a petition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1282.65,1286.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the same issues around the campus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1286.21,1288.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one could get 100 signatures in 20 minutes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1288.44,1291.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's basically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1291.76,1293.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm concerned over the lack of depth of information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1294.48,1298.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the lack of pressure in the right direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1298.81,1302.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Is trade and so on still --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1302.15,1305.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you have to see it in different,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1305.137,1308.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(door thudding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1308.93,1309.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, in different regions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1309.763,1311.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is, in the region approximating South Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1311.07,1315.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"southern suffrage and South African military forces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1315.8,1319.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are very effectively de-stabilizing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1319.92,1322.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any oppositions that arise in Botswana","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1323.85,1327.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Zimbabwe, Mozambique.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1327.13,1330.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bombings take place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1331.42,1332.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and MNR is sent into Mozambique","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1333.823,1335.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and trade necessarily gravitates towards South Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1335.95,1339.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and every attempt, such as Sadek, to create","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1339.72,1344.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regional self-sufficiency and trade directed away","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1344.1,1348.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from South Africa within the Southern African region,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1348.5,1350.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one feels is being sabotaged by the South Africans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1350.99,1354.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So trade necessarily continues to gravitate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1354.96,1358.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards South Africa and innocent things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1358.34,1360.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such as a road being built from South Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1360.25,1365.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Zimbabwe becomes a major highway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1366.29,1369.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I see the road to Zambia becomes a major highway","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1369.83,1372.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for increasing trade rather than reducing contact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1372.46,1377.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's led to increases in contact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1378.24,1380.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, as you move away from the Southern African sub-region,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1380.24,1384.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what one sees is a disconcerting picture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1384.59,1387.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where a society such as the Ivory Coast","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1388.47,1392.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have increased diplomatic contact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1392.12,1394.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and along with that increased trade with South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1394.26,1398.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't admit to this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1398.04,1399.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there's increasing trade in Black Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1400.74,1404.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in certain countries with South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1404.02,1406.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then (clearing throat) the records show increasing trade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1406.62,1410.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Soviet Union and China as well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1410.18,1413.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as Western countries with South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1413.4,1416.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think embargoes are very hard to put into effect,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1416.14,1421.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they're very hard to enforce.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1421.24,1424.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one wishes that there were greater consciousness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1424.14,1429.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and greater determination to make these embargoes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1430.2,1433.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more meaningful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1433.68,1434.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They did have some meaning, without trying to overstate it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1434.513,1438.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They did have some meaning in the case of Rhodesia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1438.32,1442.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rhodesia, unable to produce sufficient tobacco,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1443.6,1448.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was its major export, turned to maze,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1449.54,1453.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that was a mixed blessing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1453.7,1455.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they became self-sufficient.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1455.05,1457.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have a more diversified economy today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1457.43,1459.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than they did in the earlier,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1459.91,1463.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let's call it colonial times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1463.11,1465.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can say that the embargo","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1465.4,1468.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was only a mixed success against the Zimbabwe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1468.54,1471.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it did have some limited success.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1471.28,1473.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1473.82,1474.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e When you deal with the Soviet Union entering Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1476.16,1478.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1481.044,1483.461"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The US (dull thud) maybe the Muslim operation society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1486.53,1491.529"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or whatever Muslim society (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1491.529,1496.529"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is support for this (loud thudding).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1496.715,1500.265"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It must be territorial within Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1500.265,1503.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you think they are afraid of much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1503.42,1506.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what the US takes to Africa?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1506.847,1509.276"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The US is what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1509.276,1510.645"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Takes to Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1510.645,1511.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Takes to Africa?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1511.93,1513.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I don't want to over-state","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1515.87,1520.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that what it takes to Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1522.0,1523.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I started off saying that in the very opening sentence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1523.81,1527.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Africa has a low profile in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1527.36,1531.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of American foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1531.36,1532.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In some ways I think this is a great 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Defiant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1542.67,1544.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we always have a meeting of all of the contributors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1544.94,1549.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This year, we went and met in Washington DC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1549.03,1551.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of the comments they made is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1551.38,1554.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Africa, you're unlike all the other regions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1555.933,1560.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we're writing about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1560.13,1560.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have more flexibility in American foreign policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1560.99,1564.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pursue some kind of enlightened course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1564.39,1569.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whereas those writing about the Middle East","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1569.43,1571.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talk about the grimness of the confrontation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1571.62,1574.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the fact that there's great dependence on oil,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1574.28,1577.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which can't be substituted nearly as easily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1577.35,1579.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with supplies from other areas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1581.63,1584.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1584.06,1585.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one starts with the limited nature of the American contact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1588.95,1593.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then one takes the paradox that you're putting forward,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1594.71,1598.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which you put forward very accurately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1598.93,1600.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here is a society that's reasonably free by world standards,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1600.74,1605.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supporting its friends overseas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1608.25,1612.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zaire, South Africa, Morocco,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1612.13,1614.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are such authoritarian type regimes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1614.63,1617.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is a, uh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1617.81,1619.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it makes one feel very uncomfortable to put it mildly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1620.43,1625.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if one pursued a regionalist course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1625.01,1628.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a regionalist perspective in which one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1628.99,1630.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"de-emphasized the east-west conflict,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1630.97,1634.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assumed that in the long run trade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1635.47,1638.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and economic investment is more important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1638.7,1641.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than sending troops to Ethiopia and Angola,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1641.3,1645.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and took a kind of a long-term view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1645.39,1649.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of our relations with Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1649.49,1650.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one wouldn't have to feel so desperate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1650.73,1653.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to line up these friends who were authoritarian","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1653.01,1656.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in their orientation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1656.06,1657.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one would be able to deal with this paradox","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1657.71,1661.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you're presenting very, very well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1661.14,1663.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1667.1,1667.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In your letter, you mentioned that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1670.808,1672.747"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Namibia is a sovereign of USSR but --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1673.809,1676.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I said it was perceived this way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1677.66,1679.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said it was perceived by the administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1680.3,1682.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a surrogate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1683.98,1684.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, but, even so, the fact that you did so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1686.28,1690.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you explain the opposition in that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1690.0,1693.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e All I said is that the administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1697.37,1701.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perceives the Gaddafi regime as a surrogate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1703.07,1708.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it relies upon Soviet military equipment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1708.98,1713.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in expanding in the direction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1714.02,1717.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Somalia, Sudan, Liberia, and Chad,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1717.17,1722.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countries that we identify with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1722.23,1724.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it acts to de-stabilize a continent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1726.105,1729.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which serves Soviet interests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1729.13,1730.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not our own, that's the logic that is pursued.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1730.53,1733.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My own standpoint is that Gaddafi is not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1734.09,1738.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a traditional Marxist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1740.91,1744.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's autonomous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1745.41,1747.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't pretend to understand him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1747.79,1749.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't, but I think I assumed we'd get questions on Chad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1750.81,1755.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that we overreacted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1755.73,1758.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"making Chad into an east-west issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1759.97,1762.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sending a wax into the area I think is inappropriate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1762.23,1767.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore I don't think it served","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1769.9,1771.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our interests particularly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1771.04,1772.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Romantic, the chairman's prerogative,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1773.81,1776.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and thank Dr. Rothschild for a very stimulating afternoon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1776.48,1781.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perhaps if you have some questions afterwards,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1781.22,1783.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can catch him briefly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1783.23,1784.989"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1784.989,1785.822"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (applause)\nThank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1785.822,1786.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.\nVery nice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1793.296,1794.449"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, thanks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=1794.449,1795.699"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22690/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/690/original/AV203322_Impressions_on_Teaching_in_Africa_b.vtt?1613498385","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/690/original/AV203322_Impressions_on_Teaching_in_Africa_b.vtt?1613498385"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22691","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203322_Impressions_on_Teaching_in_Africa_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712/transcript/22691/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- And so once the Reagan administration placing a great deal of its bets, if you could call it that on a solution of the Namibian crisis and taking very high risks in doing so, because the likelihood of coming to a conclusion which is satisfactory to world opinion seems to be very unlikely. So I would end by arguing that what we need in terms of what I've been describing since I'm a confessed regionalist would be more sensitivity to African aspirations on key issues, a more accurate appraisal of Soviet motives and Soviet power, not to overestimate them, and on the South African issue to apply more stick and less carrot. Thank you very much. Okay, your chance. Yes?\r\n\r\n- To start off, anyway, I don't, you haven't quite convinced me that Reagan is not a good strategist as far as American policies concerned in Namibia and Angola. I was thinking it with getting out the 25,000 human troops of Angola and recognizing Namibia.\r\n\r\n- I think you're asking more from, the problem is you want a conclusion to Namibian independence and you're asking more really from the Angolans than is reasonably fair to ask of them. If you were threatened by a powerful military force in UNITA, it's quite logical. I think that you would want to have some foreign trained forces in your country, and it's humiliating to have someone make the kinds of demands really motivated by a kind of Cold War perception that because they're Cuban forces they're necessarily bad. And I think in terms of expressing a kind of sovereign will of your own, you would want to stand up to that. And I think it makes coming to a conclusion of the negotiations very difficult, but I'm very, very skeptical, I've been all along, that on the other side, that you're able to offer enough to South Africa, that they all really make the concession on the other side. In other words, I think Namibia is much less likely to have a successful conclusion than other people do. First of all, I don't think you can end South Africa's polecat status. The very moment that Namibia became independent, world would demand more concessions from South Africa on issues of apartheid, and that there's nothing the United States could deliver to make South Africa respectable simply because she'd given up something she oughtn't have had in the first place. So I think that powerful forces within South Africa, particularly the army, seeing Namibia as a place to carry on military maneuvers just as they're moving northward in Mozambique and Zimbabwe, unsettling the homelands. I think they'll follow a course of unsettlement and having an unclear situation in Namibia, which is not independent, serves their interests. So I don't see on either side that linkage serves our interests and... Probably that lower profile by the United States would serve our interests more. So I would say, yes, Jonathan.\r\n\r\n- I'm thinking that the president will essentially, as you have been brought here, going to parliament what is really by Mozambique people. You might think that coming to power through regular administration, it's important to remember in long run, the US-African relations. In fact, first of all, starting from South Africa, the Reagan administration declared support for the South African administration. And if you look into the supporters in South Africa, we see that there is a lot of things taken in Angola and such. The fact that the UNITA is becoming stronger and stronger and interrupting government officials and at the same time in Mozambique, you get the same thing but the literalists or reactionalists, for me I don't know any difference . In Mozambique, they have become more power. This does not come from somewhere but it is because the only place that has moral support to South Africa is USA. So if there is somebody behind South Africa, we see that what it is doing is okay, then it would be pursuing more trusting matters against African countries. This track is not only to support the countries which are near South Africa but all Africa. There is Lou Peterman. Somebody or seven countries supports apartheid and at the same time he is trying to return Africa to the colonial situation, is the moral. That is the fact that even as I say unit accounts to power in a war, what does it mean? It is no good to produce or to use South African support to overthrow the other governments. And that is not alone, it has taken place in Zaire. It is taking place also in Chad. And it is the situation we need, with so many people say that union is pro-US, but that's not the case. Libya is a different thing. It's looking at the African view of what is taking place. Nobody, if I'm leader with a country in Africa, support anybody with youth in South Africa, as its main base. Using South African weapons to come and overthrow the African government. Yet you are telling us we're placed where the situation of decolonization would be able to overcome and we are pursuing a different space. This is a retrogression. We are regressing to a different situation whereby we will not have what we are actually for. So for me I think that this current situation in Africa is really detrimental to US-African relations. And this is also, you can watch for the other international relations of USA, when the Reagan administration came to power, the first thing he did was to induce the suppression and killing of Christian in Lebanon. This they didn't move away. It was later on what Reagan was trying to place on Beirut. Maybe he can serve a letter he can provide us showing that the destruction of Soviet war materials in Bachir Gemayel was actually a joint plan of Venezuelan-USA. So in this case, you can connect these things coming together. The web is moving, telling us a situation of different things rather than one war. And this is why we can say sometimes, why should we go do to that? Think that the coalition is a collective intelligence collection. We know that USA is going to deploy arms in western U. Why is it going to do that? To do that, it must collect certain important, several important intelligence about USSR. Why, so that we can deploy this swifter? It might be helpful, that they can use, even if they can help us collect this important information. We know these are taking place and we may think that, let us say the black box is gone, out of the plane. It cannot be another Watergate. You may think that you've let us say that the US is far, hardly, I understand that. Reagan is actually for war, whether African people are innocent or not, he is for war to advance the interests of the white minority in Africa. This is detrimental not for we Africans alone, but for anybody who loves peace, even the public, the American campaign. I'm sure that this situation is detrimental to world peace. And if there are white people looking, they must look far, not just near. Not just you see the 269 people who have fallen down and are being killed by Russians. The Russians who are being abused by central over the last two years of the administration. This is my comment about the situation.\r\n\r\n- Certainly I share with you a feeling that, and I've tried to show the whole way through the talk, that there's myopia in a globalist approach to a continent that I think deals with African problems on its own. But I do think you have to see American policy in terms of the way the administration articulates it, and to understand constructive engagement one must read the Eagleburger statement. I mean, is that being used in class? What Eagleburger says is that the United States condemns apartheid as morally wrong. And that I think you can go ahead and criticize. And I criticized with you the fact that, you know, I'd say it isn't effective in altering a situation which is morally wrong, but it does stand firmly, including this administration, in abhorring apartheid and then I think applying overly soft measures to deal with it. I don't want to get into the shooting down of civilian airliners because I think it's an abhorrent incident. It's a product of the Cold War, but it's a terrible thing not to be able to fly around and in flying around, make a mistake and get shot down for it. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- You indicate that more restrictions in South Africa, what would the accommodation of measures that you would recommend?\r\n\r\n- Well, there's a superb article in foreign affairs that lists 50 gradations running from cultural sanctions through economic sanctions through diplomatic sanctions, and one could apply these up the line until they had some kind of effect. I think that cutting off of cultural contacts of certain sorts would be advisable, a limiting of further investment by American multinationals in South Africa. And continuing to turn the screw, to turn the screw til you raise the costs on South Africa of pursuing the kinds of policies on say, the Namibian question that it's currently pursuing. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- My opinion is to know of American administration have been able to appreciate and understand furthermore and Africa in particular, from my, um --\r\n\r\n- On which aspects?\r\n\r\n- Where, with the Castro, current world aspirations, development, political stability I do not think that any administration has come to a conclusion and from now on the collection and from what I have read, some administrations have maybe over 300 captured, I found that the United States was insensitive in many cases to the aspiration of Nagari and in generally, what we could try to get the most right, if possible, and then, in numbers in the South, what happened is that the United States have with use, or popular with use, and then anybody or any group that tries for independence as an African nation they might declare them nihilists, communists, or what have you, and in this process the United States have lost out in Angola, in Mozambique, in Guinea-Bissau, and what the United States pays for them is that you cannot keep people down forever and what these people come up with is oppression, what will happen is that you will be the number one enemy because nobody I believe who understands the situation in Africa will take the United States very seriously, you'll be held suspicious of what they, of what they are fighting, they are fighting in Angola yet most where Australia or what is they are doing, and whoever will help with its independence, that is how you begin us. And next you're going to get a letter to independence. Angola, who are trying desperately to have good relations with the US. So if the Reagan administration refuses to cast Africa and the coalition in light of the US to Vietnam provocation, it would be absolutely a mistake.\r\n\r\n- We agree totally.\r\n\r\n- What happened in that day, whenever I faced losing, the United States will be the main enemy, not the Soviet Union. Because what happened in that day, as much as many other countries are implied, the United States , we are very much in support of the US through many intelligence agents because instead of being handled properly, the lack of abuse present in countries and then, uh, when facing in South Africa, as an example, it would be really difficult for the future relations with the United States, the militia in South Africa, the policies. It is definitely unfortunate that the United States on with South Africa.\r\n\r\n- Well, you know, the whole thrust of everything I've said is to agree with you about the falseness of the globalist emphasis. However, your two variables were most interesting and one was stability and the other was development. I mean, if the United States is oriented towards anything, it's towards achieving a kind of full stability at a cost in terms of say racial equity or new international economic order. So I don't, I would be probably less inclined to single that out as my variable and on the issue of development, I would agree with you, but I think we're all failing. The fact that food production in Africa is going backwards is a problem for everybody. And here you are. There's a major agricultural institution. My own is too. We have very few solutions as to increasing food production, getting factories going and increasing trade. I somehow I feel it isn't United States or the Soviet Union. I think the whole world is doing a very poor job of reviving the economy. Yes, sir? Yeah?\r\n\r\n- Per your talk and perhaps rightly, I expect so, the flavor of the formulation of domestic, of foreign policy towards Africa in this country is this sort of vacuum, real politic is abroad. If you had to list the major domestic political pressures and forces on the formulation of African policy, if any, what would they be, including material resources?\r\n\r\n- You start with the fact that domestic pressures are very limited on African issues. One major group are church groups and humanitarian groups who exert considerable pressure for aid and sometimes the human rights issues. A second group would be your professional Africanists. They could be state department people, academics, think tank people, and so on. By and large, they count for very, very little. The American black community has an increasing importance that the congressional caucus meets fairly regularly and takes African issues seriously, and much of the information that's released, I mentioned one of those secret documents, that was released because trans-Africa got, somehow got hold of those Xerox copies, and they were published in \"Counterspy.\" And this is a form of exerting pressure on the American government to pursue a liberal direction. So you have those three groups on the liberal side and multinational corporations frequently pressuring for certain trade advantages. For example, you could see it during the Byrd Amendment period. Certain corporations insisting that the United States allow Rhodesian chrome to come into the United States. So those are the four main interest groups that I would say, but I would stress along with you that a great problem here is that Americans are so unaware of African issues. I don't blame them in this because, as I said at a talk at lunch, I mean, anybody who would be aware of anything given American media would be absolutely marvelous. You can't get hold of good information from the newspapers. But all things considered, they exert very, very little information and show a very low level of concern. One of my colleagues gave a course on South Africa two years ago on my campus, at Davis. I can't think of a more exciting or more important issue than the issue of South Africa. On a campus of 19,000 people, three people signed up for the course. And I think if one took a petition on the same issues around the campus, one could get 100 signatures in 20 minutes. So it's basically, I'm concerned over the lack of depth of information and the lack of pressure in the right direction.\r\n\r\n- Is trade and so on still --\r\n\r\n- Well, you have to see it in different, you know, in different regions. That is, in the region approximating South Africa, southern suffrage and South African military forces are very effectively de-stabilizing any oppositions that arise in Botswana or Zimbabwe, Mozambique. Bombings take place and MNR is sent into Mozambique and trade necessarily gravitates towards South Africa and every attempt, such as Sadek, to create regional self-sufficiency and trade directed away from South Africa within the Southern African region, one feels is being sabotaged by the South Africans. So trade necessarily continues to gravitate towards South Africa and innocent things such as a road being built from South Africa to Zimbabwe becomes a major highway. I see the road to Zambia becomes a major highway for increasing trade rather than reducing contact. It's led to increases in contact. Now, as you move away from the Southern African sub-region, what one sees is a disconcerting picture where a society such as the Ivory Coast have increased diplomatic contact and along with that increased trade with South Africa. They don't admit to this, but there's increasing trade in Black Africa in certain countries with South Africa. And then the records show increasing trade by the Soviet Union and China as well, as well as Western countries with South Africa. So I think embargoes are very hard to put into effect, that they're very hard to enforce. And one wishes that there were greater consciousness and greater determination to make these embargoes more meaningful. They did have some meaning, without trying to overstate it. They did have some meaning in the case of Rhodesia. Rhodesia, unable to produce sufficient tobacco, which was its major export, turned to maze, but that was a mixed blessing because they became self-sufficient. They have a more diversified economy today than they did in the earlier, let's call it colonial times. And you can say that the embargo was only a mixed success against the Zimbabwe, but it did have some limited success. Yes, sir?\r\n\r\n- When you deal with the Soviet Union entering Africa. The US maybe the Muslim operation society or whatever Muslim society there is support for this . It must be territorial within Africa. Do you think they are afraid of much of what the US takes to Africa?\r\n\r\n- The US is what?\r\n\r\n- Takes to Africa.\r\n\r\n- Takes to Africa? Well, I don't want to over-state that what it takes to Africa. I started off saying that in the very opening sentence, that Africa has a low profile in terms of American foreign policy. In some ways I think this is a great opportunity. We edited a volume, I think that was mentioned before, Eagle Defiant, and we always have a meeting of all of the contributors. This year, we went and met in Washington DC. And one of the comments they made is that in Africa, you're unlike all the other regions that we're writing about. You have more flexibility in American foreign policy to pursue some kind of enlightened course. Whereas those writing about the Middle East talk about the grimness of the confrontation and the fact that there's great dependence on oil, which can't be substituted nearly as easily with supplies from other areas. So I think that one starts with the limited nature of the American contact and then one takes the paradox that you're putting forward, which you put forward very accurately. Here is a society that's reasonably free by world standards, supporting its friends overseas, Zaire, South Africa, Morocco, that are such authoritarian type regimes. And this is a, uh, it makes one feel very uncomfortable to put it mildly. And if one pursued a regionalist course and a regionalist perspective in which one de-emphasized the east-west conflict, assumed that in the long run trade and economic investment is more important than sending troops to Ethiopia and Angola, and took a kind of a long-term view of our relations with Africa, one wouldn't have to feel so desperate to line up these friends who were authoritarian in their orientation, and one would be able to deal with this paradox that you're presenting very, very well. Yes, sir?\r\n\r\n- In your letter, you mentioned that Namibia is a sovereign of USSR but --\r\n\r\n- I said it was perceived this way. I said it was perceived by the administration as a surrogate.\r\n\r\n- Yes, but, even so, the fact that you did so. Can you explain the opposition in that?\r\n\r\n- All I said is that the administration perceives the Gaddafi regime as a surrogate because it relies upon Soviet military equipment and in expanding in the direction of Somalia, Sudan, Liberia, and Chad, countries that we identify with, that it acts to de-stabilize a continent, which serves Soviet interests and not our own, that's the logic that is pursued. My own standpoint is that Gaddafi is not a traditional Marxist. He's autonomous. I don't pretend to understand him. I don't, but I think I assumed we'd get questions on Chad. I think that we overreacted making Chad into an east-west issue and sending a wax into the area I think is inappropriate and therefore I don't think it served our interests particularly.\r\n\r\n- Romantic, the chairman's prerogative, and thank Dr. Rothschild for a very stimulating afternoon. Perhaps if you have some questions afterwards, you can catch him briefly. Thank you. Thank you very much.\r\n\r\n- Thank you.\r\n\r\n- Very nice.\r\n\r\n- Well, thanks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36610/file/105712#t=0.0,1812.42776"}]}]}]}