{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/4t6f18t103/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Burchett, Wilfred G., National Liberation Struggles in Angola and Mozambique"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["National Liberation Struggles in Angola and Mozambique. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. 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Committee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=13.43,15.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Department of Journalism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=15.56,17.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been asked to make an announcement 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Clark,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=22.15,25.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be speaking, what day is it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=26.53,29.254"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Crowd:\u003c/strong\u003e Friday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=29.254,30.087"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, Friday from 11.30- 12.30 in the sunroom,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=30.087,34.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you're asked to bring your own lunch,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=34.45,36.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your sack lunch or you can pick something up in the union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=36.25,39.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he will be speaking on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=39.13,40.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The American Policy Towards South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=40.33,42.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, tonight of course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=45.69,46.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you've come to hear Wilford Burchett speak,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=46.57,48.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we happen to have a surprise guest also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=48.62,51.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I'd like to briefly introduce him and say a few words,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=51.47,54.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then he will introduce our main 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Guardian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=59.555,64.555"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the Guardian is an independent radical newsweekly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=65.51,69.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is published in New York,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=69.34,70.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is the paper for which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=70.69,72.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wilford Burchett writes exclusively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=72.32,74.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in North America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=74.6,76.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you're not familiar with the Guardian,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=76.49,79.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tonight we'll give you an opportunity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=79.077,82.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to become so and we have some complimentary copies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=82.04,86.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the back table in the room","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=86.13,87.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you would like to pick one up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=87.78,89.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have a limited number, but if you'd like to pick one up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=89.76,92.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on your way out tonight, feel free to do so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=92.41,95.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are also some subscription blanks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=95.83,97.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I definitely think it's worthwhile at least looking 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sale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=112.5,114.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the end of the meeting tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=114.72,116.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're also on that back table and he has said that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=116.38,118.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he would be very happy to autograph them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=118.88,120.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so if you'd like to pick up a 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now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=146.137,148.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is on his first United States speaking tour,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=148.2,152.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this isn't the first time he's been to the United 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department","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=160.553,163.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to speak in public.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=163.14,164.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This may sound like somewhat ordinary or routine matter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=166.71,171.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in the case of friend Wilford here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=172.83,175.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is like everything else in his life not being routine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=175.89,180.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the last time he was in the States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=180.12,183.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was confined to a 25 mile radius of New York city,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=183.66,187.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the assumption we assume","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=187.54,189.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that anything terrible or subversive that could happen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=189.52,193.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this country has already happened,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=193.37,195.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within a 25 mile radius of New York city,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=195.12,197.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that we did not send them beyond those confines however,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=199.19,203.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what this says about the change in the political climate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=204.28,207.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the change in consciousness outside of New York city","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=208.33,211.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not sure anyway,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=211.1,212.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wilford can now speak beyond the the Hudson River.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=212.62,215.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're here and we have to assume","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=218.61,220.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you've heard something about Wilford Burchett,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=220.38,223.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I would like to take just a couple of minutes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=223.31,226.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and give you some of his background,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=226.17,229.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because as you know we journalists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=229.73,232.445"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are overwhelmingly modest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=232.445,234.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and did not like to speak about ourselves much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=234.58,237.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=239.778,242.361"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were in Minneapolis last night,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=243.34,245.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and just before our meeting began,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=245.67,249.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just happened to over hear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=249.0,251.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"young man come up to Wilfred and said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=251.63,255.319"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd been reading his articles for some period of time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=255.319,258.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he said, \"I have to say I think you're really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=259.73,262.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very unusual a remarkable Australian.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=263.54,266.587"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which is probably true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=268.44,269.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=271.452,273.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, okay that makes two of you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=273.8,275.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But Wilfred is also a remarkable journalists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=276.73,280.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I say that not simply because he's been on the spot,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=280.69,285.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and gotten his share of beats in news stories,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=286.5,291.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there are many very competent journalists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=292.32,295.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"throughout the world including the English speaking world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=295.9,299.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but Wilfred is a remarkable journalist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=299.32,302.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not solely in the sense of what he has written,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=304.11,306.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the craft of journalism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=306.7,309.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a lot more than the story you write,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=309.62,312.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the craft, the art of journalism really is knowing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=312.41,317.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the important story is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=317.85,320.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if there is one thing that characterizes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=320.37,323.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the work of Wilfred Burchett over the last 25 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=323.15,326.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has been an understanding,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=326.74,329.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his deep conviction which we who put out the Guardian share","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=330.54,335.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the most important story of our time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=335.21,339.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the story of people's struggles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=339.4,341.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for national liberation and independence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=341.31,343.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there are many good 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II,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=349.43,353.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I should say before that time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=353.51,355.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wilford was a war correspondent server with the US fleet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=355.63,358.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the various Island-hopping operations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=359.62,362.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"covered the Burma China Theater of the war and so 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taped?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=602.33,604.917"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=604.917,607.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh, we are being taped I see,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=607.37,608.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I knew it had a familiar sound to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=608.65,611.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I think that's why you have come 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today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=619.0,622.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the foremost political liberation struggle of our epoch,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=622.55,627.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the struggle for national liberation particularly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=627.58,629.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it is unfolding today in Southern Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=629.68,632.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wilford Burchett.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=632.73,634.044"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=634.044,636.961"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, first of all, thank you lrwin and thank you all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=644.16,647.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for coming along this evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=648.59,650.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I think there would be no 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Angola,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=688.54,692.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and twice in Mozambique,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=692.16,694.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also I covered the Geneva 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warfare,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=732.74,735.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"military and political strategies and tactics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=736.88,739.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also the actual techniques of of Guerrilla Warfare,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=739.83,744.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which certainly the Vietnamese Carried to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=744.47,748.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an unprecedented level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=748.84,752.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I must say that once I was in Bandung","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=753.25,756.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the 10th anniversary of the Bandung Conference,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=756.33,759.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there I met Joanne lye,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=759.38,763.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he knew I just returned from one of my 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paper,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=3971.45,3972.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/1048","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there'd been what was referred to as the biggest battle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=3972.94,3976.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/1049","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the wall in Namibia, just close to the Angola","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=3976.99,3981.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/1050","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Namibia frontier,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=3981.11,3982.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/1051","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that the news came from South African sources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=3982.1,3985.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/1052","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"claiming 80 guerillas killed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=3985.38,3988.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/1053","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only five of theirs killed between","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=3988.543,3991.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/1054","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the example of Vietnam shows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=3993.4,3994.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/1055","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can't put any faith in those sorts of figures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=3994.84,3997.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/1056","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If there were 80 guerrillas killed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=3997.53,4001.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/1057","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I very much doubt then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=4001.48,4002.967"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/1058","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were far more than.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=4002.967,4004.92"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29675/annotation/1059","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/675/original/AV167980_a.vtt?1624892541","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/675/original/AV167980_a.vtt?1624892541"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29676","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV167980_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392/transcript/29676/annotation/1060","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Good evening, and welcome to our program tonight on behalf of the Lectures Committee and the Department of Journalism. I've been asked to make an announcement before we begin tonight's program, so I'd like to tell everybody that Senator Dick Clark, will be speaking, what day is it?\r\n\r\n- [Crowd] Friday.\r\n\r\n- Okay, Friday from 11.30- 12.30 in the sunroom, and you're asked to bring your own lunch, your sack lunch or you can pick something up in the union, and he will be speaking on The American Policy Towards South Africa. Well, tonight of course you've come to hear Wilford Burchett speak, but we happen to have a surprise guest also so I'd like to briefly introduce him and say a few words, and then he will introduce our main speaker Wilford Burchett. lrwin Silber here is the Executive Editor of the Guardian. And the Guardian is an independent radical newsweekly which is published in New York, and this is the paper for which Wilford Burchett writes exclusively in North America. And if you're not familiar with the Guardian, tonight we'll give you an opportunity to become so and we have some complimentary copies, at the back table in the room If you would like to pick one up we have a limited number, but if you'd like to pick one up, on your way out tonight, feel free to do so, there are also some subscription blanks and I definitely think it's worthwhile at least looking at you know, one issue. Also we have some copies of a couple of the books that Wilford Burchett has written, and they will be available for sale at the end of the meeting tonight, they're also on that back table and he has said that he would be very happy to autograph them, so if you'd like to pick up a book and get it autographed by him, we'll take care of that at the end of the discussion. When the talk is over, we'd be glad to take questions, and I think now I'll just have lrwin Silber get up and say a few words, and then introduce Wilson Burchett.\r\n\r\n- Thank you. Wilson Burchett right now, is on his first United States speaking tour, this isn't the first time he's been to the United States, but it's the first time that he's been to the United States and been given the permission of our state department to speak in public. This may sound like somewhat ordinary or routine matter, but in the case of friend Wilford here it is like everything else in his life not being routine and the last time he was in the States, he was confined to a 25 mile radius of New York city, under the assumption we assume that anything terrible or subversive that could happen in this country has already happened, within a 25 mile radius of New York city, but that we did not send them beyond those confines however, what this says about the change in the political climate or the change in consciousness outside of New York city I'm not sure anyway, Wilford can now speak beyond the the Hudson River. You're here and we have to assume that you've heard something about Wilford Burchett, but I would like to take just a couple of minutes and give you some of his background, because as you know we journalists are overwhelmingly modest and did not like to speak about ourselves much. We were in Minneapolis last night, and just before our meeting began, I just happened to over hear young man come up to Wilfred and said I'd been reading his articles for some period of time, and he said, \"I have to say I think you're really very unusual a remarkable Australian.\" Which is probably true.\r\n\r\n- Well, okay that makes two of you. But Wilfred is also a remarkable journalists, and I say that not simply because he's been on the spot, and gotten his share of beats in news stories, because there are many very competent journalists throughout the world including the English speaking world, but Wilfred is a remarkable journalist, not solely in the sense of what he has written, because the craft of journalism is a lot more than the story you write, the craft, the art of journalism really is knowing what the important story is, and if there is one thing that characterizes the work of Wilfred Burchett over the last 25 years, it has been an understanding, his deep conviction which we who put out the Guardian share that the most important story of our time, is the story of people's struggles for national liberation and independence, and there are many good journalists who somehow have missed that story, but ever since the end of World War II, and I should say before that time Wilford was a war correspondent server with the US fleet in the various Island-hopping operations, covered the Burma China Theater of the war and so on, but after the conclusion of World War II, as the nature of the events of the modern world unfolded from Korea to Indochina to Southern Africa, it was Wilfred's deep understanding that this was the real story of our time that this is what's changing the course of history that brought him to the various places where he could write his stories from and so, when it came to covering Korea in particular the Armistice Negotiations, and most of the Western journalists all of the Western journalists let's put it that way, relied for their news on the briefings handed out by what was then euphemistically called and still called the United Nations Command, Wilford Burchett covered that story from the other side. He was stationed that the Panmunjom, and came to be known by the journalists of the West as their single best source of information certainly, as compared to the handouts that were given by that so-called United Nations Command, the Western journalists found very quickly that they weren't getting the real story from Panmunjom to the Geneva Conference on Indochina, and as Wilfred points out before he would even cover the peace conference on Indochina, he went into Vietnam himself to see for himself what that story was, where he met Ho Chi Minh, and there was involved with the coverage of the battle of Dien Bien Phu, onto the Bandung Conference, and once again, Indochina starting in the early 60's perhaps the most illustrious chapter in an illustrious career wherefore some 10 years, the real story of the Indochina War, came to the Western world primarily through the repertory of Wilford Burchett. We have the Guardian of course are very proud that in the United States that reportage appeared in our newspaper, making those reports in our newspaper not just the source of information for people to know what was going on, but a basis for people's understanding of the nature of that war, and therefore a direct connection with the political movement that grew in this country, in opposition to the Vietnam War and his instincts have led him since that time unerringly, to the current foremost battlefront of national liberation and anti-imperialist struggle, and that is Southern Africa where he has been to Angola and Mozambique any number of times, and has provided once again, the story of national liberation and struggle for independence from the point of view of those engaging in the struggle, that's the kind of journalistic career that Wilfred Burchett has pursued. If you read his books and you have followed his writings, you will know that he is a man who has exhibited great personal courage, he's covered the Guerrilla Wars, as the guerillas lived them in fought them in the tunnels and the underground tunnels and Vietnam and the jungles and so on. But there's more than personal heroics involved, there is a political courage, the courage to call the shots as you see them, the courage to go against the tide of conventional wisdom, usually the tide of conventional wisdom that has come from the West, but even at times, the conventional wisdom that has come from those with whom Wilfred is nominally alive, what's happening we already being taped? Oh, we are being taped I see, I knew it had a familiar sound to it. Well, I think that's why you have come tonight to hear from Wilford Burchett the observations he's had and has today, on the foremost political liberation struggle of our epoch, the struggle for national liberation particularly as it is unfolding today in Southern Africa, Wilford Burchett.\r\n\r\n- Well, first of all, thank you lrwin and thank you all for coming along this evening. Well, I think there would be no surprise for you that I would now be interested in Southern Africa because that's where the center of the storm of national liberation's shifted. I'd followed primary the struggles for national liberation independence in Asia especially in Southeast Asia, until fairly recently, but there's no question that now the center has shifted from Southeast Asia to Southern Africa, and that's why last year I was three times in Angola, and twice in Mozambique, and also I covered the Geneva Non-Conference one could say on Zimbabwe, which took place at the end of last year. One thing which surprised me very much when I visited and talked with, discussed with the leaders in Angola and Mozambique, was the extent to which they had followed the struggle in Vietnam, not only followed, but the extent to which they had studied the methods, the combination of military and political warfare, military and political strategies and tactics, but also the actual techniques of of Guerrilla Warfare, which certainly the Vietnamese Carried to an unprecedented level. And I must say that once I was in Bandung for the 10th anniversary of the Bandung Conference, and there I met Joanne lye, and he knew I just returned from one of my visits to the liberated Jones, he immediately took me aside and said, \"tell me, you know how are they doing it in Vietman?\" And I told him some of the episodes which I've personally seen, been involved in, and he said, you know, \" \"we saw The Greeks took Guerrilla War fair to a certain level of perfection about the our Vietnamese friends have taken it to a level which we never even dreamed of.\" Anyway, the methods used and the approach, which was always to mobilize the maximum of unity of the people to mobilize the maximum of people who could be mobilized around a correct sort of political line the very original features of the Vietnamese struggle. That has been typical and rather moving in Africa has been the extent of sort of into African solidarity which cut right across racial ideological barriers, as the torch was sort of national liberation that was carried from one country to another one could say from Cairo towards the Cape, and it's now approaching quite close to the Cape. And this took very practical forms once Smashed consolidated the independence of Egypt, he immediately offered for instance hospitality and training facilities while the Algeria national liberation front, and once a provisional government in exile, Algerian provisional government in exile was set up, It was also immediately offered facilities hospitality in Cairo and many other African national liberation movement had also could have set up their headquarters, established missions, diplomatic missions in Cairo. Even though, these were movements which were from an ideological point of view, perhaps political point of view were not at all in line with the point of view of our present NASA. And then there's Algerian , was the Algerians developed their struggle for national liberation, even before they had run their independence, they offered training facilities alongside their own guerrilla fighters, for those of some of the Portuguese Colonies from Angola for instance, and Angola Military Colleges fighting alongside the Algerians and in the sort of latter stages of the Algerian national liberation struggle. And as soon as Algeria gained its independence immediately, it opened its doors wide for many other national liberation movements including those of the three Portuguese Colonies, Guinea-Bissau, Angola and Mozambique also many others. And they were able to establish diplomatic missions there, they were able to have training facilities, and as the struggle later developed in the three year Portuguese Colonies, Algeria was very generous in providing all sorts of assistance including actual arms and equipment. And so it went on when Tanzania, when it's, you know got its independence, from the British immediately, they offered a facilities based facilities for Frilemo, the national liberation movement of Mozambique, and Tanzania offered transit facilities very important, vitally important for the MPLA and Angola to use the territory of Tanzania to transport arms across to their movement. And it's gone on like this in Angola, as soon as Angola consolidated its independence immediately within a few weeks, there were missions from the African National Congress of South Africa, the leading body struggling for independence there, and also for SWAPO, the South West African Peoples Organization which directs the struggle in Namibia. The same with Mozambique, Mozambique even during the latter stages of its armed struggled before they had actually won their battle against the Portuguese, they were already cooperating with the Zimbabwean liberation fighters especially the ZANU action the Zimbabwe National Union, African Neck, African Union, and they were actually fighting alongside each other and they didn't know who was gonna win first, and they had a sort of a bet between the General Tongogara who was the Head of the Arm Forces in Zimbabwe at that time, and somehow on my show, they had a sort of a bet you know if I win first, you're gonna be sure that will be your best for operations in your own country. And from the Zimbabwe side if we win first, you can be absolutely sure certain but you will have basis now to the liberation of your own country. And I said this cut right across racial and ideological boundaries, and one can be absolutely certain that when Zimbabwe wins its independence, and when Namibia wins its independence, as they certainly will do, I'm convinced of that in a rather short, relatively short time, then Zimbabwe and Namibia will become basis for the final phase of the struggle of national liberation in South Africa against the really the last stronghold of racism and and fashion in South Africa itself. I think one has to understand that national liberation leaders are very responsible people, and they don't go in for armed struggle just for the sake of violence, they're very responsible people towards their leaders, towards their own people, and if they decide to launch arm struggle, it's because that's the only way that is open to them. And it means that they have exploited all other possible avenues of gaining their aims, which is I suppose, the highest expression of human rights, which is the national independence of a country, of the people. And I like to cite the case of the country which I'm best acquainted with and that is a Vietnam. It was in June, 1919 when Ho Chi Minh, first presented proposals for the independence of Vietnam at the Westside conferencing In 1919, Ho Chi Minh presented an eight point proposal, to the leaders of the Western European countries of course, including France, we were discussing the end of the war and the peace treaty, he first presented very moderate proposals for independence for Vietnam within the framework of The Poets the French Commonwealth, the French union. Of course, these were rejected contemptuously by the French, and from that time Ho Chi Minh worked with just one aim in mind and that was to get independent for Vietnamese he slowly, slowly organized, built up organizations inside the country among Vietnamese, outside the country, and it was not until 25 years later having exhausted all possible means of persuading the French to be reasonable about this question, It was not until 25 years later that the first shots were fired in Vietnam. And this was the same with the... We take the example of the Portuguese Colonies, but to the reply always to agitation for independence, for peaceful demonstrations to independence, was always at these demonstrations were always put down in bloodbath one can say, and there's the example in 1959 in Guinea-Bissau, or earliest, not in actually the first really big event of that sort which took place was in Luanda, in March of 1959, when there was completely peaceful demonstration which tracks were handed out suggesting that Angola should also have its independence, as with many of the other the British and the French Colonies, in black Africa, and that demonstration was just put down the militia came up and just simply opened fire to the scores of people, wounded hundreds of others, and that marked a watershed for the leaders of the independence movement, they started thinking that there is only one way and a few months later, in Bissau the docks in Bissau in Guinea-Bissau was the same thing, there was a dock workers strike, but that strike turned into it... It started over economic demands, but it turned into a political type of strike, where already the work had started demanding also independence, the same thing happened with the militia and the police moved up and up and trial a dozen people were killed, and many others wounded. But the courageous massacre at that time was early in 1960, in Mozambique, and had occurred at a place called in Northern Mozambique across the front of you from Tanzania, and some there'd been several delegations from groups of exiles, Mozambique exiles in Tanzania, they had the idea, well, you know all the other Colonies in Africa are getting their independence, why not ours? And they sent delegations across the border to see the Provincial Governor, with some very, very modest sort of demands, any way for a stop, reduced the taxes, and stop the forced export of labor to the South African gold mines and a few things like so that we exiles can come back and take part in the economic political life of the country. And after several delegations, well, were not received or they simply disappeared, they were arrested and there was a big... The Governor of the province invited them to come and presented their demands, and he would receive them, they were invited to send up their spokesman to see the Governor, and to the great astonishment of the club, the spokesman came out handcuffed and was hustled off into Jeeps to be taken to a local prison, Well, there was a melee, there was a rise, they tried to the local people and the Governor 600 People killed. Well, it was after that and it was back at the same time in 1962, when In general I don't what really happened to them to non-violent. It was a complete a non-violent demonstration The whole Africa had to carry up and produce at capital. And the was established in for 10 years, at least minimum of 10 years The whole lot of humility from automatically in to the Non-violent The idea was to merge arrested. And the idea was that impossible for Governor unbelievably, strictly follow And the Government through they use imagine that they started represent the prison Also conducted entirely tell me one thing to do and that is therefore, because its a very extreme use of violence colonial particularly various movements no other way. And 1960's at the beginning of that Africa independence for very many Colonies people had decided there would be a different type of even more with the type of in general that would be they could do these independence, South Africa. And I think it was Amilcar Cabral, who was the Founder Leader of the PAIGC, Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau, and Cape Verdean Islands. After these massacres he summed up the position in a way which I think is difficult to disagree considering what had taken place. He said, just referring to these various massacres \"it's obvious from all the facts that violence is the essential means of imperialist domination, If we accept the principle that national liberation equals revolution, and it's not simply a matter of raising a flag or singing an Anthem, we shall find that it can be known national liberation, without the use of liberating violence on the part of the national forces and also the criminal violence of those who promote imperialism.\" Nobody can question the fact that imperialist domination no matter what its local characteristics may be, implies a state of permanent violence against the nationalist forces. Well, Cabral himself shortly after he wrote that was a victim of violence, he was assassinated by the Portuguese, get stopped by the and anybody who's really followed these struggles, Who's followed independence movements in various parts of the world in Asia and Northern America, and in Africa, knows that this was a correct summing up that is the only that was, and is the only way for peoples especially when they're ruled by really fascist racist type of regime such as exist today and in Rhodesia and in Zimbabwe. It's been a good deal of talk recently, about the Angola American plan for Zimbabwe, of negotiations in the United Nations for the Independence of Namibia, and of various types of pressure being applied to foster regime in South Africa to abandon this atrocious a policy of apartheid and racial discrimination and depression and so forth. In my talks with the leaders of the AMC and of Zimbabwe and Namibia, they simply don't believe that these things are going to have any effect, they don't believe in a negotiated settlement in Zimbabwe, and they don't believe that foster is going to abandonment to get out of a Namibia He's already said he might, but at any case he will retain the Walvis Bay, Namibia's main port, well, this is unacceptable to the swapper they'll not leave even one bit of territory in the hands of South Africans is to build up the South African regime, is to build up problems for the future. I attended the Geneva Conference, the future of Zimbabwe, and it was clear in the very first days that Smith had no intention of abdicating power in favor of a real, a true, one man, one vote system. And I attended dismiss left after the first four or five days say I have more important things to do which means he had to press on with a business of supressingly the guerrilla movement, but I attended the press conference was Peter Vanderbilt, who is the Foreign Minister of Smith, and we asked, you know, well, what is your position, do you believe in majority rule or not? said, \"yes, we believe in majority vote.\" Great. Now does majority rule mean one man, one vote? \"No. When we speak of majority rule, we responsible majority rule.\" And that best conference took place in a Geneva Hotel and right alongside the press conference room, there was official government literature of the Rhodesian regime or Rhodesian government a way you could find out what really means \"responsible majority rule.\" And I'm quoting absolutely directly from the official government Pamphlet. First of all, to get on the electoral roll at the time the Geneva Conference ended at least some things may have been modified since in discussion, but I haven't heard all of it but to get on the electoral rolls, Europeans colors and Asians must prove that they earned an annual average, of the Rhodesian equivalent of $2,700 and something and must own property where It's not less than $5500, and have completed not less than four years, secondary education. Well, these are obvious very simple qualifications for any of the Europeans to comply with and not so simple for the college, the college that I'm using that time they're for the Europeans colors and nations the colored mean people of mixed race. The Africans must prove that they earned an annual average of $924, own property worth $848, and it completed not less than two years, secondary education of an inverted commerce prescribed standards. Now those qualifications are almost impossible for anyway 90% of the Africans and the provisor all prescribed standards meant to eliminate any Africans who might've got two years secondary education at the missionary schools because the missionary schools tended to avoid racial discrimination and some of them, many of them anyway, and so this would provide for the elimination of any you had two years of secondary education at a non approved missionary school and the house was assembly, and that's case as of still up today consisted of 66 members, 50 Europeans to represent their 260,000 of the population, and 16 Africans to represent their 6 million of the population, and even then only 8 of the 16 Africans, were directly elected, the other elected by some sort of an electoral college, set up by chiefs and headman appointed by themselves, appointed by the Smith regime, so this is Smith's idea of responsible majority rule. Some of these conditions may have been whittled away in the various negotiations that have gone on with the British and perhaps with kissing his discussion and so forth but essentially that's the sort of a situation which the black Zimbabweans are being invited to accept. There was an incident at Geneva which I think reveals also very much the nature of the Smith regime, the patriotic front was set up just before the Geneva Conference started formed by the fusion of the two main nationalist bodies the ZAPU and the ZANU the Zimbabwean the two main organizations, and some of the ZANU leaders came directly to Geneva from Zambia from jails in Zambia to long to go into all that was a very complicated situation, most of the ZANU leadership had been arrested by president Kenneth Kaunda a government in Zambia and put in jail and they were released only by pressure from Tanzania and Mozambique, so they could come to the Geneva Conference. And they knew they realized within the first week or so that this was simply a waste of time that nothing could possibly emerge from that conference, given the attitude of of Smithton, his Foreign Minister he left behind to had the delegation, and they wanted it, they wanted to break off the talks and go back there, you know, what are our comrades be thinking of us here we are, they're on the battlefield, they are dying and suffering, and here we are living in luxury hotels for nothing getting nowhere and they demanded permission from the rest of their organization to break off the talks and go straight back to the battlefield. But the leadership of the movement especially those who were actually at the battlefront said, \"no, we must stop, take the responsibility of taking off negotiations let the other side do that we are really foreign negotiated settlement, we're here for a peaceful solution, and that we shouldn't take the initiative in breaking off the talks.\" So what they did, they sent some of the leadership directly from the battlefield to come to Geneva, and reassure and reinforce the unity, and the unity between the two factions, show the solidarity of the patriotic from and support their negotiating delegation. Well, this included the top leadership of the ZANU faction of the patriotic front, including six of the Field Commanders, ZIPA, Zimbabwean people's Army Field Commanders, and three other top top leaders, they arrived quite late at night on the night of December 3rd, 1976, and they were almost all wiped out within a few hours by a fire, which mysteriously broke out in the room of the head of that delegation, and very quickly swept through, he escaped by a miracle, started at four o'clock in the morning that all arrived exhausted obviously a long, long trip they were all fast asleep but some instinct woke their cause direction Nkomo who was the deputy leader of the ZIPA, and he dashed out to the flames and smoke, and left everything behind and managed to alert the other and get them out of the flames, just rolled through the whole floor of the hotel. I was there just a few days after it, and so the whole floor was completely gutted, and of course, it could have been an accident but it was rather too much of a coincidence, for the first time, you had the whole of their leadership there in one place assembled in one place, someone come from the as I say, the jails from Zambia, others from the battlefront and from Mozambique, and they were absolutely convinced and they put out a communique a few hours later that was awesome, and it wasn't an attempt to destroy that entire delegation, their entire leadership, and that's the sort of things which go on. Well, the essence of the Anglo the so-called or the much discussed and much publicized Anglo-American plan, for settling the question Zimbabwe accepting the question of majority rule of independence is really based on the kissing a plan, which provides really provide an essence for what they call the so-called moderates backward Aleve power, effective power during a transitional period in the hands of the present security forces, the alternative that was the kissing a plan the present security forces that is the Smith's army and police force should maintain power during a transitional period, but with a provisor, in the kissing a plan, that if the transitional plan didn't work, and if a majority rule was not install by a certain time, the Smith's regime would continue to function, It would be sort of be put on ice, put in a refrigerator for a couple of years, but if nothing was worked up by that time, they would come back into power. The new plan is somewhat different calling for the British to play a role, to take over control of the army and police forces, and with the United Nations forces to play a role to come in as sort of a peacekeeping force, but this is unacceptable to the Zimbabwean nationalists because it means they must lay down their arms and no national liberation movement in that sort of situation where they are whatever agree to laying down their arm and especially after the experience of the what happened under the United Nations Flag in Korea and the Belgian Congo and so forth, this is unacceptable, and this is probably the main stumbling block at present. And the arms struggle from their point of view is going very well, they started from under very difficult conditions, they started from sort of just one front in a perimeter area gradually as the Frelimo succeeded in it struggled against the Portuguese, and liberate it's territory, they gradually opened up other fronts, and operated almost in all the perimeter areas and then started advancing to all the central parts of the country. They don't have anything yet, which they call liberated zones as existed in Vietnam, they explained if we declare a liberated zone, and what will happen will be what happened in Vietnam, these would be declared free fire zones, where the planes would come and bomb and strafe, and at will and caused great damage and suffering but they have what they call semi-liberated zones. And these are zones where the patriotic front has the administration, administer the entire administration is theirs, the Smith's forces can come only by parachuting them in and being getting helicoptered out, they can make grades into the territory all the roads are denied in those areas to the Smith's regime, and that they call... They've given the name of semi-liberated zones to those areas. And those zones being expanded or expand here, they're not in any some sort of gradual closing in, on solidly but moving a bit here, and moving a bit there, moving a bit there and they seem very confident that the arms struggle is going quite well, and there's a new element in the armed struggle, and now that is the employment of white mercenaries including American mercenaries, veterans from Vietnam, a very active recruiting of mercenaries going on in England, in my own country in Australia, in the United States in Canada, and Smith is counting a good deal on the mercenaries to replace the young men of Rhodesia, We're finding all sorts of peat techs to get out, and a lot of them also going to Australia, Australian mercenaries are coming to take places in there, and lots of Rhodesian's are going as far away from Africa as possible It was first of all, they started to go to South Africa but they've decided the situation there is not very promising, so they prefer to go a little further up a field. I asked the leaders of the patriotic front, I asked them separately, Joshua Nkomo, Robert Mugabe, and Martin Gurule, one of the political leaders about these stories of atrocities that were supposed to committed against missionaries, and against women and children and that was at Geneva, because there'd been a report that the guerrillas had killed three missionaries, Well, they ain't told me that it is absolutely impossible in general, they have very good relations with the missionaries of different denominations, and they explained it that Smith, has a special commando organization called the Sailors Scouts who paint their faces black, and so well then where the sort of non-descript uniform worn by the guerrilla's, and these people go in and commit atrocities, and first of all to kill people who they know have been friendly to the guerrilla's, and then at the same time discrediting the guerrilla's and I must say that was very rather good implicit confirmation of that just shortly after I discussed this question with them, and you'll probably remember that there was an Irish Catholic Bishop, Donald Lamont, who was arrested and sentenced to 10 years jail in Rhodesia, for having refused to disclose the presence of guerrilla's on his bishopric in his area, and not only that, but having advised other missionaries and clergyman to do the same, to refuse to it So this anyway in visit confirmation to do a good correct relations, and I spoke to another, to Garfield Todd, who was a former Prime Minister of Rhodesia and it's almost a fellow Countryman of mine, and he's a New Zealand, he was a former Prime Minister who was sort of kicked out because he had advocated steps towards majority rule, and he was not only kicked out, but he lived in a forced residence until there were only about one year ago for about 10 years, he'd been forced to live on his farm and never move out, he and his daughter and his family, and he assured me that the relationship with whites who had a normal anything like a normal attitude, a normal relations with the black population, there was no problems whatsoever, there was no friction, there were no problems and that they lived in quite a good harmony, so I don't believe in these atrocity reports, they keep coming out, and there always some horrifying details, about some baby the other day was supposed to have been a speared to death and things like this. I don't believe in these things, and the impression that I got from my talks with the leaders, I believe that what they said was the truth. Regarding Namibia, I had to put the question to Sam Oyomo, why they had decided to go over to arm's struggle, and well, he gave me a long list of their frustrations of all the efforts I had made, to have a peaceful solution to the problem in Namibia. He gave me a list of the resolutions, which had been passed in the United Nations during about the past 10 years, all very good resolutions, demanding that South Africa quit and handover power to the people of Namibia, If you remember, Namibia Southwest Africa was... that goes right back to the league of nations days when it was mandated was given the South Africa is a mandated 30 with a specific time limit for the mandate, well, that's expired decades ago, and he said that there simply was no other way left that exhausted everything, none of those United Nations resolutions had ever been implemented in South Africa just simply scorned them, and it was significant that I met him actually in Luanda, he just set up a mission for SWAPO, the first time I met him was just shortly after the MPLA government in Luanda had consolidated its position, later I met the head of their mission who had just come from the front line areas of a leader called who was in charge of their mission in Luanda and in charge of training guerrillas from Namibia, and I suppose in charge of military operations in that area, well, I asked him what were their tactic, what were their aiming to do at the moment in near armed struggle? And he said, \"well, for the moment, we are not concentrating on setting up a liberated zone or liberating territory, what we're concentrating on is keeping the South African forces off balance by making a tax on a military post here and there,\" and when they start moving out to defend those posts then we can catch them in ambushes the traditional sort of classical beginning of guerrilla type warfare, dispersing forcing the enemy forces to disperse, keep them off balance, and attack the guerrillas, get armed and get battlefield training at the same time. But he said that they were able to push down really penetrate very deeply, into the very close to the Capital, the Windhoek in the capital of Namibia, and that there was tremendous enthusiasm among the young people, they kept coming over the border and asking for guns, coming over into Angola and asking for guns and straight back into battle, Of course they had calmed down a little bit and it's explained to them, that first of all, better get some even general education, and then some military training, so that when they do get guns, they can use them intelligently. And I met quite a few of these young people, they come over all the time, and while I was down near the frontier areas, an entire primary school came over all of them, and the day after that their teacher came because he turned up on morning, and there were no kids at the classes, he knew what had happened, he suspected what had happened, so he decided he'd better go over himself because he'd be blamed the accused, he'd be punished anyway for not having been a vigil enough and that's happening all the time, in Angola they have schools, they have primary schools, they have secondary schools, they have hospitals for the wounded, and they organize SWAPO's as far as I can understand this very, very strongly at a very very strong political infrastructure throughout the whole of Namibia. And from the information I got from South African, from the AMC people and from the SWAPO people in both Mozambique and Angola, it's obvious that the Western press, did not report at all adequately on the shock in South Africa when their forces were defeated in Angola that this was a tremendous sort of psychological shock for the foster leadership and the sort of widest elite people around him, And it's also great satisfaction to the black population. They told me that in the cinemas, during that fighting there were documentary film when the documentary is shown if there was something showing South African victory salary, absolute silence in the cinema anything would show to the MPLA victory, people were applauding, it was dark after all they could crap without identifying themselves, and all these sharing of documentaries were always sort of a subject of demonstration by the black population. This I heard also from South African journalists at Geneva, South African colleagues working for the main non-establishment newspapers, but they said \"you've no idea first of all the victories in Angola, blacks in Angola and Mozambique got started tremendous demoralization in the ruling circles in South Africa, but the defeat of that South African column in Angola, which advanced, first of all it was a great victory, or they advanced with great rapidity, but then they retreated with even greater rapidity, and I followed, I was there at that time and followed on behind and this was a very... The extent of that defeat was probably not published much in the Western press, but they suffered very heavily, armored cars and not to repeat it all the way down the road and quite heavy casualties on prisoners of war taken. Well, my first discussion with the AMC people was a couple of months before the massacre, and the point they were making was that the young people that these defeats in Angola and so forth, it caused tremendous sort of enthusiasm among the young people especially among students, among pupils, and it was a whole subject of conversation was sort of really tremendous morale uplift, and also older Carter's, older militants who had sort of dropped out of the struggle that regarded as things are sort of hopeless they all started surfacing again and asking getting organizations put together again and again and that what is happening in South Africa at this moment is a very, very intensified development our political infrastructure, on which arm struggle could be based. And in Namibia, the SWAPO people said, \"all right\" and foster seem strong in our country at present because there is no arm struggle in South Africa, it can concentrate, you know a very large part of his forces against us. The accounts vary some say 15 -20,000, he gave the figures that at times they're almost between 30 and 40,000, he said, what happens when arm's struggle stops in South Africa itself? And of course, he won't be able to concentrate these sort of forces in our country, and he knows that, we know that, and I think that this is a very, we'll see very, very important upsurge of military activity both in Namibia and in South Africa, before very long, I noticed in today's paper, that there'd been what was referred to as the biggest battle of the wall in Namibia, just close to the Angola Namibia frontier, and that the news came from South African sources claiming 80 guerillas killed, only five of theirs killed between the example of Vietnam shows you can't put any faith in those sorts of figures, If there were 80 guerrillas killed which I very much doubt then there were far more than.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45434/file/118392#t=0.0,4010.24"}]}]}]}