{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/4f1mg7g89v/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Zwicky, Arnold M., The Logic of Syntax"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203921 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["The Logic of Syntax is an April 11, 1990 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Arnold M. Zwicky. Arnold M. Zwicky discusses how linguists break down language.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV203921"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["The Logic of Syntax: Thinking about Language Theoretically. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9nv99g5n"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1990-04-11"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Zwicky, Arnold M. (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Linguistics","Grammar, Comparative and general--Syntax","Semantics"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["The Logic of Syntax is an April 11, 1990 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Arnold M. Zwicky. Arnold M. Zwicky discusses how linguists break down language.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only.","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/082/small/lecture.png?1622564874","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - AV203921_The_Logic_of_Syntax_a.mp3"]},"duration":2908.248,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/082/small/lecture.png?1622564874","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/116/082/original/AV203921_The_Logic_of_Syntax_a.mp3?1622564874","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2908.248,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203921_The_Logic_of_Syntax_a.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Name is Dr. Arnold Zwicky,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=5.11,8.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is professor of linguistics at the Ohio State University","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=8.0,11.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and visiting professor of linguistics at, excuse me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=11.48,14.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Stanford University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=14.39,16.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He does Columbus in spring and fall and Stanford in winter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=16.84,21.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so he's tight schedule.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=22.034,23.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Professors Zwicky has received many honors over the years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=24.748,27.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including a Guggenheim fellowship in 1972,73","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=27.84,32.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Fulbright research professorship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=32.07,33.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the University of Sussex in 1977,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=33.83,36.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several NEH grants and at Ohio State","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=36.88,39.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alumni distinguished scholar award in 1987.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=39.6,43.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has recently been named a university professor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=43.05,45.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Ohio State in recognition of his exceptional research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=45.37,50.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he was the first person in the humanities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=50.0,51.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to receive this honor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=51.82,53.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Professor Zwicky has served on numerous editorial boards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=54.22,57.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including language, linguistics and philosophy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=57.21,60.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"language sciences, American speech,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=60.76,63.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cambridge studies and linguistics, phonology linguistics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=63.44,67.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and currently the Oxford International Encyclopedia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=67.17,70.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Linguistics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=70.27,71.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His own research interests lie in the interplay of syntax,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=72.34,75.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"morphology and phonology and in general linguistics theory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=75.94,80.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has authored or co authored well over 100 publications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=80.13,83.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of which have very intriguing titles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=83.63,85.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like \"French Prepositions: no Peeking\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=85.75,88.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and \"The Case Against Plain Vanilla Syntax\".","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=88.66,92.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight, he's going to speak to us about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=92.9,94.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Logic of Syntax, Thinking about Language Theoretically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=94.8,98.676"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=98.676,100.926"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I never know what to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=106.28,107.195"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after an your introduction like that (laughs).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=107.195,111.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a very hard act to follow hope so, I'm afraid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=111.703,116.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gotten up, though I was asked to give a talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=118.53,123.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a general audience tonight, after some thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=124.61,128.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I decided that I would like to speak to a general audience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=128.12,132.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but on a topic that has to do with the continuing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=132.37,136.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"areas of my own research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=138.62,140.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are straightforwardly in theoretical linguistics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=140.64,145.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I wanna do that more or less unapologetically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=145.59,148.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna talk tonight about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=151.13,153.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to give some sense about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=155.08,156.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what it is to do theoretical linguistics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=156.43,159.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least, of a sort that I do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=159.65,161.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what it is to think about language","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=162.17,164.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a theoretical fashion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=164.88,167.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The handout starts with an account of what it is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=169.66,174.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one tries to do when describing a language","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=174.8,176.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or trying to describe the regularities and how sound,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=176.84,180.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meaning and context are systematically paired","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=180.55,183.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with one another or combined with one another","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=183.89,185.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or associated with one another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=185.73,187.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That sounds like such a simple thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=188.83,191.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's an enormous project.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=191.42,192.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the major modes of attack on the question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=195.22,198.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to factor this question into a bunch of others","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=203.51,208.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in particular, to pick out a kind of central","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=209.9,214.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or core system that's concerned in these matters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=214.89,219.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is technically called grammar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=222.27,224.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sorry about the technical name,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=225.27,226.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It brings up bad memories for some people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=226.94,229.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and possibly inappropriate associations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=230.29,232.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is not something that one learns about in books","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=233.92,237.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is something that one discovers in the same way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=237.46,240.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that one discovers natural laws.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=240.46,242.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In any case, this central system of association","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=246.21,250.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between sound and meaning and context","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=250.55,252.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"subserves all the rest of the other sorts of accounts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=252.87,257.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one might give about language and language use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=257.99,260.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This core is an account of how language works","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=262.58,266.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's only a small, I'm sorry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=266.17,268.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this core is part of an account of how language works","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=269.792,273.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in fact, it's only a small part.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=273.74,275.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I should say the theoretical linguistics does not pretend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=276.87,280.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have the answer to the riddle of the sphinx","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=280.35,283.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how to wash windows and lots of other things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=283.17,288.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's actually a rather small enterprise build","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=289.23,294.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it turns out to be quite complicated enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=296.79,299.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to keep many people busy for many lifetimes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=299.54,301.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In any case, I'll talk in this initial section tonight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=304.92,309.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about grammar in this technical sense as separated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=309.92,312.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from various other intersecting accounts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=312.73,316.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'll speak of somewhat metaphorically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=316.87,319.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as being volumes of a user's manual.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=319.63,322.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are several volumes to such a manual.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=325.99,329.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One collection of these extra manuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=331.75,336.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that go along with your grammar for your language","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=336.48,339.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell you what to do with what the grammar gives you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=340.08,342.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they take what the grammar provides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=344.45,346.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and tell you useful things to do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=348.7,351.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things like what social values are associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=352.4,355.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with particular choices that the grammar provides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=355.79,358.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or what stylistic values,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=358.47,360.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what differences between say formal and informal contexts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=361.68,365.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or written versus spoken contexts go along","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=367.02,371.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with particular choices that the grammar provides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=373.08,375.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or they tell you how to use material","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=375.76,380.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the grammar provides in larger discourses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=380.703,383.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which of these can be used to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=385.19,386.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, introduce new topics into the discourse","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=386.91,390.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or to continue old ones, to emphasize things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=390.84,394.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make certain kinds of points.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=395.17,396.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of these values are illustrated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=398.31,400.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the section number 2 in the handout.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=400.8,403.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A, B and C illustrate two very similar,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=403.66,405.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"superficially very similar grammatical constructions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=407.42,411.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=411.18,412.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of them involving missing verbs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=412.29,415.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sometimes other stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=416.53,418.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Example there is your group will select more options","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=418.73,420.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than mine will where the missing stuff as understood as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=420.84,425.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll select more options.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=426.12,430.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B is your group of select option one and my group option two","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=432.66,436.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and C is your group of select option one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=436.09,438.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before my group will option two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=438.06,440.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there is a respectable amount of work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=442.38,447.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"various sorts on these three kinds of constructions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=448.93,452.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in English which although they appear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=452.06,454.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to differ in very small ways when you first look at them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=454.6,458.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have in fact quite different uses in the language,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=461.848,466.848"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the sort of missing verb construction illustrated in A","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=467.01,471.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is essentially neutral in its stylistic values","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=471.1,475.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its discourse values that can be used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=476.09,478.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pretty much any place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=478.33,479.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The one in B has a natural home in formal discourse","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=480.68,485.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially written discourse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=485.02,487.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's actually fairly hard to find examples of this sort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=488.26,491.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except when people are giving matched lists of things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=491.41,494.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stuff like, I'll have the fish, John, the soup, et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=494.33,499.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Otherwise you can search through millions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=503.0,506.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of words of informal conversation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=506.3,508.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not come across any examples of this kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=508.89,510.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of construction at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=510.81,511.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=513.006,513.839"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're likely to come across some of the C types","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=513.839,516.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can search the millions of words","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=516.83,518.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of written discourse and not find any of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=518.33,520.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I happened to have a student who spent a year doing this so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=522.52,525.518"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughs) I can tell you what some assuredness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=525.518,529.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how difficult it is to find the B type examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=529.77,533.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in speech and the C type examples in writing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=535.14,537.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except writing that's intended to represent a conversation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=540.86,544.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we wanna say about these examples is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=547.85,550.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the grammar of English provides you with these options.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=550.22,553.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can omit if you will or have missing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=553.15,556.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have absent in certain constructions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=556.8,558.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different portions of a verb construction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=558.76,562.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they differ exactly as to whether the auxiliary verb","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=565.824,569.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goes along with the missing chunk on the one hand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=573.21,578.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or whether the objects of the verb go along","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=580.07,584.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the missing chunk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=584.57,585.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in the A type, you're missing a verb in its object,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=585.8,589.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the B type you're missing the verb","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=589.35,593.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then the auxiliary that might be along with it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=593.46,597.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the C type just the verb.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=597.04,599.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's tiny little differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=601.93,603.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"turn out to be deployed very differently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=606.37,610.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by speakers of English quite unconsciously.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=611.6,614.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is knowledge that speakers however use their language","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=614.26,617.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I wanna say that knowledge is not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=617.15,619.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"specifically part of this central system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=619.5,621.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The central system just says, here it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=621.99,624.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here are the things you can do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=624.76,626.844"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with English allows you to do this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=626.844,628.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other languages don't necessarily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=628.9,630.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"allow you to do all of these things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=630.36,631.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many languages, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=631.64,633.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do not allow the construction in B,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=633.32,637.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its technical in its gapping (speaks faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=640.11,644.608"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughs) like names.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=644.608,646.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In D and E, there's a somewhat more subtle example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=648.5,653.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm gonna return to later on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=653.09,655.536"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these are paired examples with a slightly different verbs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=655.536,657.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expect versus believe on the basis of the way these things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=657.98,662.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be expressed in Latin sometimes called the accusative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=662.42,665.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plus infinitive construction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=665.29,667.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually there are two different constructions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=667.63,670.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of you may feel that there is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=674.77,676.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of you have a sense of a difference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=676.83,678.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between I expect Kate to be my friend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=678.76,680.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and i believe Kate to be my friend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=680.99,682.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second may sound stiff and awkward to some of you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=682.87,687.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, this is a difference between a neutral","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=687.49,690.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of construction in the D example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=691.56,694.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what is a distinctly formal construction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=694.01,696.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the E example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=696.56,697.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are speakers who virtually never use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=697.73,701.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the E construction whereas everybody has,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=701.27,704.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can't be a speaker of English","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=704.32,705.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without the D stuff (laughs).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=705.47,706.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's also a subtle difference in the context","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=709.87,714.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which these things are appropriate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=714.43,716.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While it's perfectly fine to say things like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=717.31,720.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I expect Kate to ride to work by bus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=720.01,722.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's something many people found distinctly odd","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=722.75,725.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about things like I believe Kate to ride to work by bus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=725.41,729.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact it's hard to find real life examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=729.87,732.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this sort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=732.15,733.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the difference between the examples on the right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=733.85,738.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I just talked about the ones on the left","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=740.83,743.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has to do with the kinds of events described","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=743.0,748.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the verb constructions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=750.69,752.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Be my friend versus ride to work by bus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=752.45,755.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In a nutshell, the believe construction is really only happy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=758.08,763.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the situation being described","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=764.16,765.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the event being described is one of current relevance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=765.89,768.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these habituals like ride to work by bus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=770.22,774.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is habitual or generic sorts of expressions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=774.88,779.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Generally don't are not used to describe things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=779.22,781.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are currently relevant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=781.363,783.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"events that are currently relevant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=783.98,785.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And consequently, they're a little bit peculiar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=785.84,788.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can imagine contexts in which they would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=789.156,791.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that improves the example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=791.03,794.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now again, the point about grammar is that grammar makes all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=794.6,796.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these things available.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=796.77,798.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What you can do with them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=799.85,801.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a matter of additional information.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=801.18,803.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A similar point with F G and H which are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=804.94,806.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three different ways of negating objects in English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=806.96,811.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I saw another single penguin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=811.5,812.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not another single penguin did I see,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=812.83,814.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I didn't see a single penguin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=814.61,816.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these are, as far as their meaning goes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=817.78,819.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"equivalent to one another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=822.91,824.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If one of them is true, the others are true,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=824.17,825.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if one of them is false, the others are false","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=825.89,828.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they're certainly not usable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=828.63,830.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in all of the same contexts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=831.32,833.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a long story one can try to tell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=833.35,835.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the context in which one would choose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=835.93,837.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to use the negation on the object in F,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=837.81,842.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the negated object in the front of a clause","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=842.73,845.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as in G and the negation expressed with the verb","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=845.71,850.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well understood with the object, as in H","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=851.46,856.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not to mention the non-standard version of things like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=856.01,858.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't see no penguin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=858.89,860.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=860.763,863.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which belong here as well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=863.18,864.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and many people's grammar supply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=864.017,866.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is an additional option.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=866.13,867.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are also ways of extending the conventions of grammar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=870.56,875.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"illustrated in three A, three B and three C","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=879.77,883.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three somewhat different types.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=883.37,885.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There lots of convention about language","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=886.51,889.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that aren't matters of the grammar proper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=889.14,893.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but are certainly things one learns","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=893.36,895.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as part of being in a culture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=895.02,896.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, how one names books and plays","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=896.92,899.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or other objects of art in English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=899.56,902.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the wind in the willows is a perfectly ordinary name","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=902.15,904.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an object of art in English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=905.78,907.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's syntactic constituent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=907.66,909.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(speaks foreign language) marvelous novels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=910.96,915.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A novel entitled, \"If on a Winter's Night a Traveler\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=915.3,917.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a very strange title in English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=917.84,920.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It stands out because of its strangeness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=921.51,923.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's something deeply wrong with it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=923.81,926.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not like an ordinary title.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=926.09,927.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Its incomplete utterance in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=930.03,932.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's the way you interpreted it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=932.24,934.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It achieves its effect by going against this convention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=934.32,938.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they're just innumerable extra conventions of this sort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=939.36,943.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another one is illustrated with number names in English,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=943.58,947.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we work down from the higher powers of 10","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=949.93,954.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in naming numbers to the lower ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=954.95,956.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And while it would make perfect sense to say 561 hundreds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=958.11,962.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in so far as anyone could understand what you were saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=962.14,964.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have to understand it correctly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=964.92,966.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's just not what we do in English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=966.6,968.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In English number names you've got to work down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=970.65,974.861"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the large figures to the small one as in 165.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=974.861,978.957"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are ways to take the material","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=982.03,984.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the grammar makes available","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=984.16,986.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and use them with quite different semantics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=987.12,992.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from what you would expect given the grammar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=992.33,995.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in some cases even with different,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=995.68,997.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with somewhat different grammatical reflexes as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1000.24,1003.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the first case metaphors like my face exploded in anger,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1004.14,1007.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one's face doesn't actually explode","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1007.81,1009.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or what I think are the more interesting examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1012.75,1015.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this respect,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1015.23,1016.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"metonymy is use of something associated with something else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1016.71,1021.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this case, the use of some noun phrase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1023.3,1027.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that refers to items that are associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1027.12,1029.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with some person to refer to that person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1029.49,1031.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the example, the hamburger and French fries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1032.81,1035.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is sitting in the corner.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1035.18,1036.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The context is a diner, the speaker is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1037.74,1040.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"serving person speaking for someone else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1044.13,1046.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the intention is to refer to the person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1047.39,1049.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who ordered the hamburger and french fries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1049.48,1052.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And notice you get is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1052.07,1053.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the number agreements in the sentence is appropriate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1055.858,1058.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to its meaning not appropriate to its form.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1058.41,1062.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you're actually talking about a hamburger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1062.8,1064.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and french fries, you have to say are right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1064.28,1067.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the hamburger and it's actually a hamburger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1067.01,1070.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some fries then you say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1070.3,1073.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strange to say that they're sitting in the corner,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1075.43,1076.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but (laughs) if you wanna say this at all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1076.84,1080.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you would use a plural verb.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1080.05,1081.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you're referring to the person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1081.95,1083.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was somehow associate in the context","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1083.17,1085.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with these things then it's singular.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1085.6,1088.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, we wanna say that the grammar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1088.49,1091.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doesn't provide this option","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1091.13,1093.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather the grammar gives you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1093.14,1094.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ways of constructing noun expressions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1096.65,1099.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ways of constructing whole sentences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1099.41,1101.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's some other information which may by the way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1101.83,1104.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be quite language particular","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1104.83,1107.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that allows you to construct expressions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1107.18,1111.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are metonymical in use or metaphorical in use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1111.2,1116.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these conventions can differ from language community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1117.49,1121.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a language community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1121.15,1122.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're also very complex constructs on the grammar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1123.62,1128.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that provide extra structure, extra conditions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1128.79,1132.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in some cases also free up structures as in poetic forms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1132.07,1137.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is an example of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1137.6,1138.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Strange poetic form called the Clarahill named after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1140.53,1145.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Esi Bentley whose middle name was Clarahill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1145.61,1147.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The requirements, this is a form line poetic form","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1150.24,1153.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first line has to end in a name of a person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1153.67,1156.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it has to rhyme AA, BB.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1159.46,1162.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So Louis pester, saw his colleagues violate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1162.11,1165.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in excellent terms with most of his germs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1165.1,1167.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is this clarity written by W.H Auden in a book called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1167.14,1170.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Academic Graffiti.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1170.277,1171.887"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the kind of restrictions that you see here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1172.91,1175.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for division into exactly four chunks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1175.49,1179.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with repeated phonology at the ends of those chunks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1179.71,1183.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's special condition that the first chunk end","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1183.3,1186.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the name of a person, proper names.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1186.21,1189.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those not the kinds of conditions one finds in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1191.457,1194.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ordinary grammar of a binder","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1194.06,1195.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whenever finds sentences of an ordinary sort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1197.14,1201.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in any language that have to have repeated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1202.1,1207.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"phonological material of the sorts, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1207.31,1211.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we use in rhyming poetry and in English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1211.5,1215.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this is certainly conventional knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1216.45,1220.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about language that at least some of us possess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1220.78,1224.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have knowledge of some kinds of poetic forms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1224.97,1228.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some kinds of language games and so on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1228.14,1230.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this knowledge builds on the grammar proper of English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1231.65,1236.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what I'm gonna do in the rest of the talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1236.77,1238.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to zoom in on the grammar proper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1238.39,1241.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I've gone through this initial stuff to try","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1243.42,1247.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to hit you over the head as much as possible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1247.38,1251.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the idea that I'm not the same with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1251.0,1253.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rest of this stuff is interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1253.78,1255.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or not linguistics or anything like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1255.77,1259.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I actually spend a lot of time on the rest of this stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1259.03,1262.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's extremely important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1262.04,1264.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and indeed some of it provides a way of discovering","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1264.34,1268.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how the grammar itself works","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1268.04,1269.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by seeing how it can be used in various circumstances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1271.0,1274.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would come down to grammar proper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1277.37,1278.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's convenient and standard divisions into semantics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1278.92,1283.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which concerns the meanings of expressions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1285.67,1289.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"specifically syntax which crudely has to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1289.78,1293.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with how you put words into sentences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1293.56,1295.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"morphology which crudely has to do with what's inside words,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1295.54,1300.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the lexicon which tells you what words are available,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1300.01,1303.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"phonology and phonetics which together had to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1305.1,1309.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with pronunciation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1309.13,1310.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, it's here, I'm it's only syntax","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1310.8,1313.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm concerned with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1313.11,1314.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The syntax of a language is a kind of little theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1317.02,1319.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how you get from words to sentences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1320.63,1323.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how you associate meaning with various form of properties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1323.44,1327.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of combinations of words.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1329.488,1331.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now you can turn over to the other side of the page","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1333.18,1335.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you're confronted with an enormous amount","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1338.2,1340.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of technicality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1340.19,1341.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Don't be alarmed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1346.91,1348.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1348.92,1351.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Don't panic as the Hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy says.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1351.66,1354.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In five and six,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1356.97,1358.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've given a list of some of the conceptual apparatus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1358.21,1362.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and technical vocabulary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1362.83,1364.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I think is the absolute minimum","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1364.513,1367.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for talking about the syntax of languages in general.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1367.17,1369.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna impress you with the fact that this is not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1371.68,1373.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the sort of thing you can do in an armchair in a weekend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1373.65,1376.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in five, a list of sorts of properties of expressions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1381.15,1386.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a language that might be relevant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1386.4,1389.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to how meaning can be attached to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1389.09,1394.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in six, there's a list of relationships","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1394.24,1397.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between parts of expressions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1397.33,1399.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are relevant to this association.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1399.1,1401.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this stuff is all full of brand new vocabulary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1402.94,1406.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is not an ordinary language","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1406.7,1408.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or at least this stuff It's not obviously ordinary language,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1408.61,1413.508"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some cases ordinary language turned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1413.508,1415.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into technical use and I might say a few words here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1415.25,1420.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about why linguists are so fond of terminology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1422.47,1426.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why we have invented technical terms like noun","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1426.44,1430.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and subject and nominative case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1430.36,1435.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why don't we just get along with talking about things?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1436.66,1441.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1441.243,1443.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seems like this pointless elaboration at first glance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1443.17,1446.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and many people thinking about language in a systematic way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1446.2,1451.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the first time do in fact suppose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1452.12,1456.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that its a pointless elaboration,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1456.12,1458.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we really wanna be talking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1458.51,1459.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not about all this technical vocabulary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1459.6,1463.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but really just about the stuff that language is about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1463.32,1465.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the things in the real world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1465.86,1467.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things and events and so on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1467.84,1469.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would directly talk about the meanings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1469.63,1472.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after all, what is language doing with coding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1472.44,1475.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meaning directly?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1475.12,1475.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't think about all this other stuff,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1476.83,1478.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We just think about what we wanna say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1478.76,1481.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, there's a deep and important point here that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1482.45,1486.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the units and the concepts that appear to be relevant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1490.648,1493.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the syntax of any language","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1493.39,1496.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not directly identifiable with meanings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1497.749,1500.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're related to meanings in a deep and important way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1502.17,1504.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a sense in which they're all grounded in meaning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1504.78,1507.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are almost all grounded in meaning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1509.35,1511.324"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's something right in saying, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1511.324,1513.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that nouns are names of persons, places or things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1513.85,1516.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's wrong as it stands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1516.96,1518.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's easy to find names of persons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1518.89,1521.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"places and things that aren't nouns","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1521.24,1522.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and nouns that aren't things or persons, places and things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1522.68,1525.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but for the most part, that's true","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1530.6,1532.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's some sense in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1532.95,1534.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nouns are the type of words that language has had primarily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1535.41,1540.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the purpose of achieving this kind of reference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1540.79,1543.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and verbs for achieving a different kind of reference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1544.65,1547.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's a sense in which subjects of sentences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1550.2,1553.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are primarily at least in many languages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1553.82,1558.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the pieces of sentences that refer to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1559.19,1562.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something that does,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1562.23,1563.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an action or is the agent in particularly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1563.21,1567.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"causative agent in some kind of event.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1567.65,1569.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that the technical main nominative referring","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1571.79,1576.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to in English, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1576.28,1577.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the difference between the personal pronoun I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1577.63,1580.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"versus the accusative version of me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1580.48,1582.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to similar more widespread distinctions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1583.82,1586.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in other languages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1586.49,1587.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that the technical limit is associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1587.413,1589.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with subject to it but it's not the same thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1589.29,1593.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact or obliged to make a great many distinctions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1596.56,1600.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the categorization of pieces of sentences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1600.82,1605.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of which I will very shortly bring to bear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1614.55,1619.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on talking about some specific examples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1619.92,1622.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In any case in five, differences in the categories of words","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1624.56,1629.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and larger expressions are relevant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1630.41,1632.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a difference between the sort of size or rank","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1632.68,1635.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of expressions that turns out to be relevant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1635.8,1638.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in stating generalizations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1638.21,1639.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about how the syntax of a language works.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1639.62,1641.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's new words and phrases and clauses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1641.71,1643.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're these case differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1644.81,1645.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are the corresponding difference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1645.68,1647.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for verb type expressions in English,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1647.56,1650.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"differences between verb forms like jumps or is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1650.65,1654.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are so-called finite verbs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1654.77,1657.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The names are all big, by the way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1657.12,1659.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't try to figure out why these things are called finite","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1659.4,1662.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and infinite titles like to jump or to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1666.97,1670.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based forms like jump or be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1670.09,1672.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Counterfactual forms that I'll come to later on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1673.82,1676.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are also a whole lot of relationships","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1678.81,1682.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between parts of expressions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1682.5,1685.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fact that an expression breaks into pieces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1685.14,1687.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a certain way turns out to be relevant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1687.27,1690.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you have to talk about one part in two parts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1690.53,1693.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and three parts organizations for pieces of a language","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1693.217,1698.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least parts are technically called constituents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1700.45,1702.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in such combinations frequently one piece","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1706.01,1710.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has a special status that sort of the central part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1710.63,1713.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"technically called the head","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1713.12,1715.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the other pieces can be related","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1715.22,1716.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in various different ways called argument and modifier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1716.86,1721.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it can be related more specific ways of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1723.33,1725.408"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as in the subject is related to its verb","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1725.408,1727.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the direct object to its verb and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1727.81,1730.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ordering of the parts is relevant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1730.76,1732.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There can be conditions on what chunks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1734.69,1737.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what certain chunks of a sentence have to have inside them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1738.017,1742.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very shortly, we'll see that some constructions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1743.58,1746.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in English require that you have a negative word","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1746.33,1750.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somewhere within the one part of a sentence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1750.73,1753.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a so-called wh word who, which, where, when and so on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1754.49,1759.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somewhere within a certain part of the sentence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1761.24,1764.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that somewhere within one stretch of a sentence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1764.81,1769.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there'll be a missing piece, quite an extraordinary idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1769.24,1773.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, with this very crude background,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1779.44,1781.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just give you the handout so you can take it home","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1781.25,1784.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ponder it, think about what some of it might mean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1784.07,1787.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna talk about a couple specific problematic phenomena","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1788.42,1792.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are going to give rise to some questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1794.43,1796.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how will we talk about how syntax works in general?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1796.77,1800.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first illustrated in the seven on the handout","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1802.21,1804.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I like to call false friends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1804.82,1806.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next phenomenon will be in 11","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1810.11,1812.598"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a little while on the handout.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1812.598,1814.248"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"False friends are things that look alike but are different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1815.61,1818.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The examples in A through D under seven,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1821.512,1824.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two of which you've seen already are examples of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1826.13,1829.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The difference between constructions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1831.85,1833.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with otherwise exceed tiredly similar looking sentences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1833.21,1837.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with persuade, promise, expect, and believe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1837.88,1840.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In relatively great technicality I've set out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1843.48,1847.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the organization of the all four of those sentences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1848.57,1853.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"underneath the examples in seven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1853.84,1856.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Each one of them is a clause that's finite","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1856.88,1861.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and consists of a noun construction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1861.36,1864.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a noun, that's a phrase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1864.54,1866.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but some arguments of the other thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1866.52,1867.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's the subject of the other thing it's cases nominative.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1867.94,1870.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the other thing is a verb construction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1870.84,1873.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a phrase, it's the head of the whole thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1873.31,1876.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a verb form is finite.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1877.38,1879.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That thing itself consists of three pieces given below","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1881.84,1886.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a verb word, persuaded, promised, expected or believed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1887.51,1892.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's direct object, Chris and all of these cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1892.81,1895.814"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this infinitival construction to be a spy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1895.814,1899.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the infinitival construction itself consists of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1899.36,1901.981"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what ultimately comes down to be a very bizarre verb","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1901.981,1906.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to (chuckles) don't worry about why I call it a verb now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1906.11,1910.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's very strange words to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1910.287,1913.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the piece of be a spy which is itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1913.6,1917.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a verb construction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1917.34,1919.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At this level, even at this level of technicality,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1919.15,1922.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with all of this stuff filled in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1922.2,1924.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these four examples are exactly the same.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1924.06,1926.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Each one consists of two parts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1927.52,1930.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second part consists of three parts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1930.12,1932.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the three parts are of the same sort, verb,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1932.88,1936.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"direct object, infinitival verb construction to be a spy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1936.61,1941.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now they are understood rather differently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1944.52,1947.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some of the cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1948.96,1950.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the difference between persuade and promise, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1950.04,1952.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is quite striking hard to miss.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1952.2,1954.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as I've already pointed out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1958.19,1960.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they behave rather differently in other respects as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1960.6,1964.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The expect versus believe distinction I pointed out already","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1964.44,1969.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has reflexes in the user's manual for English","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1969.02,1973.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that these constructions look alike.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1975.892,1978.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of them is neutral, the other one is formal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1978.98,1983.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's the D the construction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1985.44,1987.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and examples of in the type in D.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1987.877,1990.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, that's also naturally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1990.74,1994.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at home only in written English rather than spoken English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=1994.8,1999.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a quite a literature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2003.76,2005.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that distinguishes properties of two","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2006.414,2009.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or more of these types of examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2009.98,2012.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"showing literally dozens of ways in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2012.51,2015.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are distinct from one another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2015.72,2017.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I might point out a difference between the A and B type","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2021.39,2024.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for many people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2026.05,2027.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Corresponding to the A type, there was a passive sentence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2028.95,2033.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chris was persuaded to be a spy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2033.17,2035.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most speakers of English can't do the corresponding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2036.61,2039.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing at the B type.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2039.78,2041.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chris was promised to be a spy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2042.08,2044.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is for most but not all speakers of English,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2045.34,2048.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"completely ungrammatical to the point of incomprehensibility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2048.91,2052.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for many people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2052.87,2054.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anybody here like this, by the way, as just some small 5%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2054.02,2058.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this is an audience large enough actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2058.02,2060.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have some people who would like it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2060.94,2062.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like things like Chris was promised to be a spy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2062.26,2065.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meaning someone else promised Chris to be a spy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2065.45,2068.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, all right, so a couple of people are willing to accept","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2069.47,2072.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that for most people, that's completely unacceptable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2074.716,2078.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that for such speakers that provides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2078.44,2080.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a really striking difference,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2080.33,2082.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in addition to the difference in interpretation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2083.97,2087.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between A and B.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2087.74,2089.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, I know that the semantics is different,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2089.09,2090.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it turns out that there are also substantial differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2090.89,2093.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in how these things behave in the rest of the grammar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2093.33,2096.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2096.34,2097.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, what do we do when we're faced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2098.46,2100.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with differences like this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2100.54,2102.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have four verbs because each form has its own meaning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2102.1,2105.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they turn out to have in many ways,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2105.74,2108.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite different behavior in the language","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2108.36,2112.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"despite the fact that they occur here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2112.0,2113.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with exactly the same kinds of constructions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2113.54,2116.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, there's a lot of literature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2116.59,2118.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of ways that people try to represent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2118.3,2121.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or annotate the differences in the four types.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2123.38,2128.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, here's an extremely popular scheme,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2128.69,2132.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is the core idea of transformational grammar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2132.46,2136.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in aid on the handout.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2136.17,2138.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's say that at least some of these examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2138.16,2143.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have essentially two kinds of structures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2143.36,2145.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but sort of obvious one as in seven","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2146.49,2149.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some other one in which the crucial differences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2150.86,2155.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certain crucial difference between the examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2155.06,2157.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are made overt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2157.25,2158.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, let's say that the sentence in A","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2161.336,2165.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has another structure that could be paraphrased","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2167.7,2170.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as in eight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2170.57,2172.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I persuaded Chris, that Chris be a spy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2172.1,2174.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whereas the one in B has another kind of representation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2174.29,2178.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which it couldn't paraphrase roughly as in B and eight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2178.68,2183.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I promised Chris that I'd be a spy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2184.6,2186.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or here's a very clever idea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2188.45,2190.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's suppose we could suppose that some of these examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2190.9,2195.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually have things in them that aren't pronounced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2195.51,2199.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but count for their semantic interpretation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2199.31,2201.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, that sort of thing happens in language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2203.12,2205.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are lots of missing pieces of sentences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2205.42,2207.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are understood in some sense as if they were there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2207.77,2212.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so this is not a crazy idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2212.34,2214.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In examples like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2219.91,2221.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John asked me what I was going to do tonight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2221.89,2223.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I wouldn't say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2223.89,2225.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say doesn't have any object but it is understood","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2226.96,2230.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as having an object supplied by the preceding context.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2230.01,2234.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There certainly are plenty of examples in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2234.3,2237.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"missing material is interpreted as if it were there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2237.59,2241.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you might suppose that there are actually hidden","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2241.38,2244.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"constituents in some of these examples,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2244.12,2247.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in particular for A versus the C example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2247.39,2250.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You might suppose that there is a hidden subject,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2250.13,2255.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chris, to go along with it, to be a spy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2256.04,2259.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that the persuade examples really consists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2259.36,2261.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a verb persuade with some kind of object,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2261.73,2266.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chris and then a whole construction Chris to be a spy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2268.4,2271.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and somehow the second Chris doesn't get pronounced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2271.7,2274.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That may sound crazy to you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2275.17,2276.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's actually a very popular idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2276.37,2278.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's not at all a preposterous idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2279.284,2284.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 10 is another idea that you might have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2285.52,2289.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the same parts in these examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2289.89,2292.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there may be at least for some of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2292.08,2294.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"additional organization into constituents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2294.21,2297.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So one possible way to represent the differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2297.75,2301.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the persuading believe type cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2301.64,2303.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to say that verbs like believe really have clauses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2303.83,2307.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as their objects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2307.35,2308.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whereas verbs like persuade just how a direct object","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2309.38,2313.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and an infinitival verb phrase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2313.47,2315.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and later those two things together don't form a clause.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2315.31,2318.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But all of these analysis have been associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2321.31,2323.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Chomsky's name so far at one time or another","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2323.96,2327.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not all at the same time but (chuckles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2327.28,2330.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that kind of analysis is illustrated in 10.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2335.97,2338.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another scheme would be to invent devise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2341.04,2344.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still more properties of parts of sentences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2344.27,2348.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to add to the list that I gave you earlier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2348.01,2350.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, to say that there are different kinds of verbs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2350.79,2355.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"objects control verbs like persuade say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2357.95,2360.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and subject control verbs like promise,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2360.24,2362.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's a name for the different properties of those verbs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2363.4,2367.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's part of the information we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2367.37,2370.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the pieces of sentences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2370.87,2373.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but involved with verbs persuaded problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2373.48,2375.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that would distinguish the A and B examples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2376.72,2379.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Still another possibility is the coal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2380.78,2382.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the fact that we already need some distinction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2382.89,2385.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between grammatical relations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2385.67,2387.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you distinguish direct objects from indirect objects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2387.44,2390.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"subjects from various kinds of objects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2390.3,2392.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to state generalizations about many languages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2392.58,2395.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English included.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2395.42,2396.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we might try to use those relationships","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2398.26,2403.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between parts of sentences to account for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2403.51,2406.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or to describe the differences in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2406.61,2409.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, the A and B's examples together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2409.76,2412.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"versus the C and D.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2412.88,2414.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The persuade and promise type versus the expect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2414.87,2418.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and believe type.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2418.02,2419.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We might say that for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2419.15,2421.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Chris in the persuade and promise examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2421.4,2423.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is an indirect object not a direct object,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2423.61,2425.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though it's a accusative case in both instances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2427.17,2432.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whereas in the expect and belief case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2433.81,2435.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chris is really a direct object.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2435.9,2437.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's not that's by no means a new plausible idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2437.94,2440.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of these five strategies in eight through 11","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2443.2,2445.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for talking about the differences in the way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2445.99,2450.067"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same apparently same forms of sentences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2453.71,2457.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be associated with very different kinds of meanings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2457.12,2460.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of these are attempts to locate the differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2460.36,2464.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in representation for the expressions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2464.48,2467.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in properties of the expressions themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2467.09,2471.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, there is another kind of strategy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2472.15,2474.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I bring up now because it's the one I prefer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2474.36,2476.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the one that's been the locus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2476.75,2478.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of my own research recently and in a different way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2478.95,2482.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"research being done by other people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2482.25,2486.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particular by Charles Fillmore at Berkeley","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2486.34,2489.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of his collaborators.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2489.12,2491.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another way is to look at the differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2493.55,2498.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"specifically in the rules that describe the expressions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2498.07,2500.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to say there things like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2500.81,2501.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the persuade, promise, expect and believe examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2501.92,2504.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have pretty much the same structure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2504.17,2506.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pretty much the same properties in them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2506.63,2510.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that they are validated if you will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2510.22,2513.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or licensed by different rules of English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2513.26,2516.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And with each rule comes a kind of semantic interpretation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2518.01,2523.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that tells you how to put the means of the parts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2523.53,2526.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a sentence or an expression together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2526.41,2530.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make the meaning of the whole.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2530.84,2533.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something very much like the traditional notion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2533.16,2534.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of construction, the seven different parts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2534.87,2536.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four different constructions represented","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2536.42,2539.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the persuade, promise, expect and believe examples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2539.34,2543.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that in fact, differences in constructions are available","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2543.02,2547.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the user's manual to assign various values too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2547.08,2550.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the kind of program I've just described","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2554.635,2558.218"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not the dominant one in theoretical syntax these days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2561.25,2564.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The current strategy primarily associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2566.27,2569.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Chomsky's thing is in fact to locate differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2569.78,2574.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in expression types in the representations for them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2576.4,2580.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to try to do this in such a way so that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2580.06,2582.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the representation types are universal as much as possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2584.31,2587.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every language picks from the same set","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2587.63,2590.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of representation types with a few as it were switches","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2590.36,2595.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be set along the way relatively few parameters to choose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2596.1,2601.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, things like which order major constituents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2601.69,2605.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come in within sentences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2605.04,2607.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe a language like Turkish sets it's order parameters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2608.37,2613.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one way and the language like English","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2618.17,2619.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sets them a different way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2619.59,2620.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The kind of view that I've just been describing allows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2625.74,2628.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for individual languages to have all a lot of differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2628.76,2632.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the ways particular properties of expressions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2632.7,2635.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get bundled together to express meaning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2635.6,2640.126"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a lot of parochialism that's opposite","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2640.126,2641.945"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of universalism to do with particular languages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2641.945,2646.945"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I do with some striking evidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2650.31,2651.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this essentially parochial view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2651.97,2655.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how form is associated with meaning and syntax comes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2655.16,2660.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the examples of the sorting 15.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2660.96,2665.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I call reuse of constructions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2665.75,2667.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where you got things that look different,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2669.36,2671.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of the opposite of false friends,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2671.6,2673.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things that look different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2673.31,2675.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but share a number of important properties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2675.12,2679.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both inform and in their semantics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2679.06,2682.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, they're all a large number of types","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2682.88,2685.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of sentences in English in which stuff","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2685.81,2689.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has to come at the beginning of a clause","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2689.56,2691.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is made prominent in some sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2693.14,2695.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And corresponding to this later in the clause","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2697.79,2701.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a missing piece of the same sort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2701.27,2704.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that comes in the front.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2704.36,2705.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, in the questions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2708.13,2709.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suppose should they make?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2711.11,2712.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've got this initial piece which bicycles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2714.08,2716.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you have a kind of mangled clause","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2717.34,2720.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that comes after this afterwards pieces in a funny order","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2720.9,2724.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but more importantly, it's missing a piece.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2724.0,2725.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's no object for me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2725.99,2727.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not there of course, it's in a sense it's there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2727.72,2730.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's at the beginning of the clause.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2730.48,2732.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This sort of displacement or fronting of constituents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2734.14,2739.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is illustrated in B as well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2739.72,2742.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you inside the subordinate clause","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2742.68,2745.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and differs slightly but significantly from A examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2746.74,2750.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in another respect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2751.29,2753.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the C example where you have a negative element","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2753.29,2756.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out in the front, not a single bicycle should they make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2756.74,2759.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its an example like once we saw before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2759.507,2761.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In what sometimes called topicalized sentences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2762.65,2765.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the one in D","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2765.57,2766.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this magnificent bicycle they should make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2766.83,2769.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that one they can forget about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2770.34,2771.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm often used for this kind of paired of contrast","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2773.35,2775.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in relative clauses as an E it's the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2776.89,2780.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which they make piece, that's the relevant one there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2780.35,2783.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The which is in front of that subordinate piece","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2783.05,2786.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there is a missing constituent after make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2786.33,2791.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this sort of concessive construction in F","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2791.34,2795.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the whichever bicycle they make part,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2795.63,2798.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again with whichever bicycle they initially fronted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2798.92,2802.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the initial chunk and then the missing piece","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2802.2,2805.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the word make.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2805.44,2807.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So here's one sub piece of organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2808.87,2812.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that runs across a number of different constructions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2812.69,2815.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's associated with two pieces of two kinds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2815.81,2820.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of formal properties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2820.95,2822.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the clause initial constituent of some type","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2823.11,2827.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and later on a missing constituent of the same type.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2827.55,2831.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so along with those formal properties goes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2832.61,2835.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a special kind of an interpretation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2836.79,2840.111"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which the fronted stuff has some sort of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2840.111,2843.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discourse prominent status variously called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2845.66,2849.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"topic or focus depending on which of these constructions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2849.86,2852.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're looking at which of these examples you're looking at.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2852.27,2854.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now some of these examples also illustrate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2855.78,2858.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a different piece of formal arrangement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2860.94,2864.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"namely what's sometimes called subject auxiliary version.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2864.58,2867.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you've got, in fact I guess it should be called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2868.55,2872.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"auxiliary subject (laughs) inversion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2872.73,2876.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause the auxiliary verb comes first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2876.51,2879.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a three part arrangement consisting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2879.02,2883.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first of a of a single auxiliary verbal word","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2883.41,2886.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"followed by something that's the subject of the clause","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2886.91,2891.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"followed by the rest of the verb phrase,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2891.21,2894.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rest of the hope construction or the goal on the feet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2894.2,2897.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"auxiliary in the A and C examples again, once.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=2897.2,2902.2"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27972/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/972/original/AV203921_The_Logic_of_Syntax_a.vtt?1622564876","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/972/original/AV203921_The_Logic_of_Syntax_a.vtt?1622564876"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27973","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203921_The_Logic_of_Syntax_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082/transcript/27973/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Name is Dr. Arnold Zwicky, who is professor of linguistics at the Ohio State University and visiting professor of linguistics at, excuse me at Stanford University. He does Columbus in spring and fall and Stanford in winter so he's tight schedule. Professors Zwicky has received many honors over the years including a Guggenheim fellowship in 1972,73 a Fulbright research professorship at the University of Sussex in 1977, several NEH grants and at Ohio State alumni distinguished scholar award in 1987. He has recently been named a university professor at Ohio State in recognition of his exceptional research and he was the first person in the humanities to receive this honor. Professor Zwicky has served on numerous editorial boards including language, linguistics and philosophy language sciences, American speech, Cambridge studies and linguistics, phonology linguistics, and currently the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. His own research interests lie in the interplay of syntax, morphology and phonology and in general linguistics theory. He has authored or co authored well over 100 publications some of which have very intriguing titles like \"French Prepositions: no Peeking\" and \"The Case Against Plain Vanilla Syntax\". Tonight, he's going to speak to us about The Logic of Syntax, Thinking about Language Theoretically.\r\n\r\n- I never know what to do after an your introduction like that . It's a very hard act to follow hope so, I'm afraid. Gotten up, though I was asked to give a talk for a general audience tonight, after some thought I decided that I would like to speak to a general audience but on a topic that has to do with the continuing areas of my own research which are straightforwardly in theoretical linguistics. And I wanna do that more or less unapologetically. I wanna talk tonight about, to give some sense about what it is to do theoretical linguistics, at least, of a sort that I do and what it is to think about language in a theoretical fashion. The handout starts with an account of what it is one tries to do when describing a language or trying to describe the regularities and how sound, meaning and context are systematically paired with one another or combined with one another or associated with one another. That sounds like such a simple thing, It's an enormous project. One of the major modes of attack on the question is to factor this question into a bunch of others in particular, to pick out a kind of central or core system that's concerned in these matters which is technically called grammar. I'm sorry about the technical name, It brings up bad memories for some people and possibly inappropriate associations. This is not something that one learns about in books this is something that one discovers in the same way that one discovers natural laws. In any case, this central system of association between sound and meaning and context subserves all the rest of the other sorts of accounts one might give about language and language use. This core is an account of how language works but it's only a small, I'm sorry, this core is part of an account of how language works but in fact, it's only a small part. I should say the theoretical linguistics does not pretend to have the answer to the riddle of the sphinx and how to wash windows and lots of other things. It's actually a rather small enterprise build it turns out to be quite complicated enough to keep many people busy for many lifetimes. In any case, I'll talk in this initial section tonight about grammar in this technical sense as separated from various other intersecting accounts that I'll speak of somewhat metaphorically as being volumes of a user's manual. There are several volumes to such a manual. One collection of these extra manuals that go along with your grammar for your language tell you what to do with what the grammar gives you, they take what the grammar provides and tell you useful things to do, things like what social values are associated with particular choices that the grammar provides or what stylistic values, what differences between say formal and informal contexts or written versus spoken contexts go along with particular choices that the grammar provides or they tell you how to use material that the grammar provides in larger discourses. Which of these can be used to, for example, introduce new topics into the discourse or to continue old ones, to emphasize things, to make certain kinds of points. Some of these values are illustrated in the section number 2 in the handout. A, B and C illustrate two very similar, superficially very similar grammatical constructions in English. All of them involving missing verbs and sometimes other stuff. Example there is your group will select more options than mine will where the missing stuff as understood as we'll select more options. B is your group of select option one and my group option two and C is your group of select option one before my group will option two. Now there is a respectable amount of work, various sorts on these three kinds of constructions in English which although they appear to differ in very small ways when you first look at them have in fact quite different uses in the language, the sort of missing verb construction illustrated in A is essentially neutral in its stylistic values and its discourse values that can be used pretty much any place. The one in B has a natural home in formal discourse especially written discourse. It's actually fairly hard to find examples of this sort except when people are giving matched lists of things stuff like, I'll have the fish, John, the soup, et cetera. Otherwise you can search through millions of words of informal conversation and not come across any examples of this kind of construction at all. On the other hand, you're likely to come across some of the C types and you can search the millions of words of written discourse and not find any of them. I happened to have a student who spent a year doing this so I can tell you what some assuredness how difficult it is to find the B type examples in speech and the C type examples in writing except writing that's intended to represent a conversation. What we wanna say about these examples is that the grammar of English provides you with these options. You can omit if you will or have missing, have absent in certain constructions different portions of a verb construction and they differ exactly as to whether the auxiliary verb goes along with the missing chunk on the one hand or whether the objects of the verb go along with the missing chunk. So in the A type, you're missing a verb in its object, in the B type you're missing the verb and then the auxiliary that might be along with it and the C type just the verb. There's tiny little differences turn out to be deployed very differently by speakers of English quite unconsciously. This is knowledge that speakers however use their language and I wanna say that knowledge is not specifically part of this central system. The central system just says, here it is. Here are the things you can do with English allows you to do this. Other languages don't necessarily allow you to do all of these things. Many languages, for example, do not allow the construction in B, its technical in its gapping like names. In D and E, there's a somewhat more subtle example that I'm gonna return to later on, these are paired examples with a slightly different verbs expect versus believe on the basis of the way these things would be expressed in Latin sometimes called the accusative plus infinitive construction. Actually there are two different constructions. Some of you may feel that there is some of you have a sense of a difference between I expect Kate to be my friend and i believe Kate to be my friend. The second may sound stiff and awkward to some of you. Again, this is a difference between a neutral kind of construction in the D example and what is a distinctly formal construction in the E example. And there are speakers who virtually never use the E construction whereas everybody has, you can't be a speaker of English without the D stuff . There's also a subtle difference in the context in which these things are appropriate. While it's perfectly fine to say things like I expect Kate to ride to work by bus. There's something many people found distinctly odd about things like I believe Kate to ride to work by bus. And in fact it's hard to find real life examples of this sort. Now, the difference between the examples on the right that I just talked about the ones on the left has to do with the kinds of events described by the verb constructions. Be my friend versus ride to work by bus. In a nutshell, the believe construction is really only happy when the situation being described or the event being described is one of current relevance. And these habituals like ride to work by bus is habitual or generic sorts of expressions. Generally don't are not used to describe things that are currently relevant, events that are currently relevant. And consequently, they're a little bit peculiar. You can imagine contexts in which they would be and that improves the example. Now again, the point about grammar is that grammar makes all of these things available. What you can do with them is a matter of additional information. A similar point with F G and H which are three different ways of negating objects in English. I saw another single penguin, not another single penguin did I see, and I didn't see a single penguin, these are, as far as their meaning goes equivalent to one another. If one of them is true, the others are true, if one of them is false, the others are false but they're certainly not usable in all of the same contexts. There's a long story one can try to tell about the context in which one would choose to use the negation on the object in F, the negated object in the front of a clause as in G and the negation expressed with the verb well understood with the object, as in H not to mention the non-standard version of things like, I didn't see no penguin which belong here as well and many people's grammar supply that is an additional option. There are also ways of extending the conventions of grammar illustrated in three A, three B and three C three somewhat different types. There lots of convention about language that aren't matters of the grammar proper but are certainly things one learns as part of being in a culture. For example, how one names books and plays or other objects of art in English. So the wind in the willows is a perfectly ordinary name an object of art in English. It's syntactic constituent, marvelous novels. A novel entitled, \"If on a Winter's Night a Traveler\" is a very strange title in English. It stands out because of its strangeness, there's something deeply wrong with it It's not like an ordinary title. Its incomplete utterance in fact, that's the way you interpreted it. It achieves its effect by going against this convention. And they're just innumerable extra conventions of this sort. Another one is illustrated with number names in English, we work down from the higher powers of 10 in naming numbers to the lower ones. And while it would make perfect sense to say 561 hundreds in so far as anyone could understand what you were saying they have to understand it correctly but it's just not what we do in English. In English number names you've got to work down from the large figures to the small one as in 165. There are ways to take the material that the grammar makes available and use them with quite different semantics from what you would expect given the grammar and in some cases even with different, with somewhat different grammatical reflexes as well. In the first case metaphors like my face exploded in anger, one's face doesn't actually explode or what I think are the more interesting examples in this respect, metonymy is use of something associated with something else. In this case, the use of some noun phrase that refers to items that are associated with some person to refer to that person. In the example, the hamburger and French fries is sitting in the corner. The context is a diner, the speaker is serving person speaking for someone else. And the intention is to refer to the person who ordered the hamburger and french fries. And notice you get is, the number agreements in the sentence is appropriate to its meaning not appropriate to its form. If you're actually talking about a hamburger and french fries, you have to say are right? It's the hamburger and it's actually a hamburger and some fries then you say, strange to say that they're sitting in the corner, but if you wanna say this at all you would use a plural verb. But if you're referring to the person who was somehow associate in the context with these things then it's singular. Now, we wanna say that the grammar doesn't provide this option rather the grammar gives you ways of constructing noun expressions, ways of constructing whole sentences and there's some other information which may by the way, be quite language particular that allows you to construct expressions that are metonymical in use or metaphorical in use. And these conventions can differ from language community to a language community. They're also very complex constructs on the grammar that provide extra structure, extra conditions, or in some cases also free up structures as in poetic forms is an example of them. Strange poetic form called the Clarahill named after Esi Bentley whose middle name was Clarahill. The requirements, this is a form line poetic form the first line has to end in a name of a person and it has to rhyme AA, BB. So Louis pester, saw his colleagues violate in excellent terms with most of his germs is this clarity written by W.H Auden in a book called \"Academic Graffiti.\" Now the kind of restrictions that you see here for division into exactly four chunks with repeated phonology at the ends of those chunks. And there's special condition that the first chunk end in the name of a person, proper names. Those not the kinds of conditions one finds in the ordinary grammar of a binder whenever finds sentences of an ordinary sort in any language that have to have repeated phonological material of the sorts, you know, that we use in rhyming poetry and in English. But this is certainly conventional knowledge about language that at least some of us possess. We have knowledge of some kinds of poetic forms, some kinds of language games and so on but this knowledge builds on the grammar proper of English. And what I'm gonna do in the rest of the talk is to zoom in on the grammar proper. Well, I've gone through this initial stuff to try to hit you over the head as much as possible with the idea that I'm not the same with the rest of this stuff is interesting or not linguistics or anything like that. I actually spend a lot of time on the rest of this stuff. I think it's extremely important and indeed some of it provides a way of discovering how the grammar itself works by seeing how it can be used in various circumstances. I would come down to grammar proper and it's convenient and standard divisions into semantics which concerns the meanings of expressions specifically syntax which crudely has to do with how you put words into sentences, morphology which crudely has to do with what's inside words, the lexicon which tells you what words are available, phonology and phonetics which together had to do with pronunciation. In fact, it's here, I'm it's only syntax that I'm concerned with. The syntax of a language is a kind of little theory of how you get from words to sentences, how you associate meaning with various form of properties of combinations of words. Now you can turn over to the other side of the page and you're confronted with an enormous amount of technicality. Don't be alarmed. Don't panic as the Hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy says. In five and six, I've given a list of some of the conceptual apparatus and technical vocabulary that I think is the absolute minimum for talking about the syntax of languages in general. I wanna impress you with the fact that this is not the sort of thing you can do in an armchair in a weekend that in five, a list of sorts of properties of expressions in a language that might be relevant to how meaning can be attached to them. And in six, there's a list of relationships between parts of expressions that are relevant to this association. And this stuff is all full of brand new vocabulary. This is not an ordinary language or at least this stuff It's not obviously ordinary language, in some cases ordinary language turned into technical use and I might say a few words here about why linguists are so fond of terminology. Why we have invented technical terms like noun and subject and nominative case. Why don't we just get along with talking about things? It seems like this pointless elaboration at first glance and many people thinking about language in a systematic way for the first time do in fact suppose that its a pointless elaboration, that we really wanna be talking not about all this technical vocabulary but really just about the stuff that language is about, the things in the real world, things and events and so on would directly talk about the meanings, after all, what is language doing with coding meaning directly? We don't think about all this other stuff, We just think about what we wanna say. Well, there's a deep and important point here that the units and the concepts that appear to be relevant in the syntax of any language are not directly identifiable with meanings. They're related to meanings in a deep and important way, there's a sense in which they're all grounded in meaning are almost all grounded in meaning. There's something right in saying, for example, that nouns are names of persons, places or things, it's wrong as it stands. It's easy to find names of persons, places and things that aren't nouns and nouns that aren't things or persons, places and things but for the most part, that's true and there's some sense in which nouns are the type of words that language has had primarily for the purpose of achieving this kind of reference and verbs for achieving a different kind of reference. And there's a sense in which subjects of sentences are primarily at least in many languages, the pieces of sentences that refer to something that does, an action or is the agent in particularly causative agent in some kind of event. And that the technical main nominative referring to in English, for example, the difference between the personal pronoun I, versus the accusative version of me and to similar more widespread distinctions in other languages but that the technical limit is associated with subject to it but it's not the same thing. In fact or obliged to make a great many distinctions in the categorization of pieces of sentences. Some of which I will very shortly bring to bear on talking about some specific examples. In any case in five, differences in the categories of words and larger expressions are relevant. There's a difference between the sort of size or rank of expressions that turns out to be relevant in stating generalizations about how the syntax of a language works. There's new words and phrases and clauses. They're these case differences that are the corresponding difference for verb type expressions in English, differences between verb forms like jumps or is which are so-called finite verbs. The names are all big, by the way, don't try to figure out why these things are called finite and infinite titles like to jump or to be based forms like jump or be. Counterfactual forms that I'll come to later on. There are also a whole lot of relationships between parts of expressions. The fact that an expression breaks into pieces in a certain way turns out to be relevant. When you have to talk about one part in two parts and three parts organizations for pieces of a language at least parts are technically called constituents in such combinations frequently one piece has a special status that sort of the central part technically called the head and the other pieces can be related in various different ways called argument and modifier. And it can be related more specific ways of as in the subject is related to its verb the direct object to its verb and so on. Ordering of the parts is relevant. There can be conditions on what chunks, what certain chunks of a sentence have to have inside them. Very shortly, we'll see that some constructions in English require that you have a negative word somewhere within the one part of a sentence or a so-called wh word who, which, where, when and so on somewhere within a certain part of the sentence or that somewhere within one stretch of a sentence there'll be a missing piece, quite an extraordinary idea. Now, with this very crude background, I just give you the handout so you can take it home and ponder it, think about what some of it might mean. I wanna talk about a couple specific problematic phenomena that are going to give rise to some questions and how will we talk about how syntax works in general? The first illustrated in the seven on the handout what I like to call false friends. The next phenomenon will be in 11 in a little while on the handout. False friends are things that look alike but are different. The examples in A through D under seven, two of which you've seen already are examples of this. The difference between constructions with otherwise exceed tiredly similar looking sentences with persuade, promise, expect, and believe. In relatively great technicality I've set out the organization of the all four of those sentences underneath the examples in seven. Each one of them is a clause that's finite and consists of a noun construction. That's a noun, that's a phrase but some arguments of the other thing it's the subject of the other thing it's cases nominative. And the other thing is a verb construction, It's a phrase, it's the head of the whole thing, It's a verb form is finite. That thing itself consists of three pieces given below a verb word, persuaded, promised, expected or believed, it's direct object, Chris and all of these cases and this infinitival construction to be a spy and the infinitival construction itself consists of what ultimately comes down to be a very bizarre verb to don't worry about why I call it a verb now but it's very strange words to, and the piece of be a spy which is itself a verb construction. At this level, even at this level of technicality, with all of this stuff filled in, these four examples are exactly the same. Each one consists of two parts. The second part consists of three parts. And the three parts are of the same sort, verb, direct object, infinitival verb construction to be a spy. Now they are understood rather differently in some of the cases, the difference between persuade and promise, for example, is quite striking hard to miss. And as I've already pointed out, they behave rather differently in other respects as well. The expect versus believe distinction I pointed out already has reflexes in the user's manual for English that these constructions look alike. One of them is neutral, the other one is formal and that's the D the construction and examples of in the type in D. And in fact, that's also naturally at home only in written English rather than spoken English. There's a quite a literature that distinguishes properties of two or more of these types of examples showing literally dozens of ways in which they are distinct from one another. I might point out a difference between the A and B type for many people. Corresponding to the A type, there was a passive sentence, Chris was persuaded to be a spy. Most speakers of English can't do the corresponding thing at the B type. Chris was promised to be a spy, is for most but not all speakers of English, completely ungrammatical to the point of incomprehensibility for many people. Anybody here like this, by the way, as just some small 5% of this is an audience large enough actually to have some people who would like it, like things like Chris was promised to be a spy, meaning someone else promised Chris to be a spy. Okay, all right, so a couple of people are willing to accept that for most people, that's completely unacceptable and that for such speakers that provides a really striking difference, in addition to the difference in interpretation between A and B. I mean, I know that the semantics is different, but it turns out that there are also substantial differences in how these things behave in the rest of the grammar of English. Well, what do we do when we're faced with differences like this? We have four verbs because each form has its own meaning but they turn out to have in many ways, quite different behavior in the language despite the fact that they occur here with exactly the same kinds of constructions. Again, there's a lot of literature, a lot of ways that people try to represent or annotate the differences in the four types. For example, here's an extremely popular scheme, this is the core idea of transformational grammar in aid on the handout. Let's say that at least some of these examples have essentially two kinds of structures but sort of obvious one as in seven and some other one in which the crucial differences, certain crucial difference between the examples are made overt. For example, let's say that the sentence in A has another structure that could be paraphrased as in eight. I persuaded Chris, that Chris be a spy whereas the one in B has another kind of representation in which it couldn't paraphrase roughly as in B and eight, I promised Chris that I'd be a spy. Or here's a very clever idea, Let's suppose we could suppose that some of these examples actually have things in them that aren't pronounced but count for their semantic interpretation. Now, that sort of thing happens in language. There are lots of missing pieces of sentences that are understood in some sense as if they were there so this is not a crazy idea. In examples like, John asked me what I was going to do tonight but I wouldn't say, say doesn't have any object but it is understood as having an object supplied by the preceding context. There certainly are plenty of examples in which missing material is interpreted as if it were there. So you might suppose that there are actually hidden constituents in some of these examples, in particular for A versus the C example. You might suppose that there is a hidden subject, Chris, to go along with it, to be a spy so that the persuade examples really consists of a verb persuade with some kind of object, Chris and then a whole construction Chris to be a spy and somehow the second Chris doesn't get pronounced. That may sound crazy to you but it's actually a very popular idea and it's not at all a preposterous idea. In 10 is another idea that you might have all the same parts in these examples but there may be at least for some of them additional organization into constituents. So one possible way to represent the differences in the persuading believe type cases is to say that verbs like believe really have clauses as their objects. Whereas verbs like persuade just how a direct object and an infinitival verb phrase and later those two things together don't form a clause. But all of these analysis have been associated with Chomsky's name so far at one time or another not all at the same time but that kind of analysis is illustrated in 10. Another scheme would be to invent devise still more properties of parts of sentences to add to the list that I gave you earlier. For example, to say that there are different kinds of verbs, objects control verbs like persuade say and subject control verbs like promise, that's a name for the different properties of those verbs and that's part of the information we have about the pieces of sentences but involved with verbs persuaded problems. And that would distinguish the A and B examples. Still another possibility is the coal and the fact that we already need some distinction between grammatical relations when you distinguish direct objects from indirect objects subjects from various kinds of objects in order to state generalizations about many languages, English included. So we might try to use those relationships between parts of sentences to account for or to describe the differences in, for example, the A and B's examples together versus the C and D. The persuade and promise type versus the expect and believe type. We might say that for example, that Chris in the persuade and promise examples is an indirect object not a direct object, even though it's a accusative case in both instances. Whereas in the expect and belief case Chris is really a direct object. That's not that's by no means a new plausible idea. All of these five strategies in eight through 11 for talking about the differences in the way the same apparently same forms of sentences can be associated with very different kinds of meanings. All of these are attempts to locate the differences in representation for the expressions in properties of the expressions themselves. Now, there is another kind of strategy which I bring up now because it's the one I prefer and the one that's been the locus of my own research recently and in a different way, research being done by other people particular by Charles Fillmore at Berkeley and some of his collaborators. Another way is to look at the differences specifically in the rules that describe the expressions to say there things like the persuade, promise, expect and believe examples have pretty much the same structure, pretty much the same properties in them but that they are validated if you will or licensed by different rules of English. And with each rule comes a kind of semantic interpretation that tells you how to put the means of the parts of a sentence or an expression together to make the meaning of the whole. Something very much like the traditional notion of construction, the seven different parts, four different constructions represented in the persuade, promise, expect and believe examples. And that in fact, differences in constructions are available in the user's manual to assign various values too. Now the kind of program I've just described is not the dominant one in theoretical syntax these days. The current strategy primarily associated with Chomsky's thing is in fact to locate differences in expression types in the representations for them and to try to do this in such a way so that the representation types are universal as much as possible. Every language picks from the same set of representation types with a few as it were switches to be set along the way relatively few parameters to choose. For example, things like which order major constituents come in within sentences. Maybe a language like Turkish sets it's order parameters one way and the language like English sets them a different way. The kind of view that I've just been describing allows for individual languages to have all a lot of differences in the ways particular properties of expressions get bundled together to express meaning. There's a lot of parochialism that's opposite of universalism to do with particular languages. What I do with some striking evidence for this essentially parochial view of how form is associated with meaning and syntax comes from the examples of the sorting 15. What I call reuse of constructions. Where you got things that look different, sort of the opposite of false friends, things that look different but share a number of important properties both inform and in their semantics. For example, they're all a large number of types of sentences in English in which stuff that has to come at the beginning of a clause is made prominent in some sense. And corresponding to this later in the clause there's a missing piece of the same sort that comes in the front. For example, in the questions, suppose should they make? You've got this initial piece which bicycles and you have a kind of mangled clause that comes after this afterwards pieces in a funny order but more importantly, it's missing a piece. There's no object for me, not there of course, it's in a sense it's there but it's at the beginning of the clause. This sort of displacement or fronting of constituents is illustrated in B as well, where you inside the subordinate clause and differs slightly but significantly from A examples in another respect. In the C example where you have a negative element out in the front, not a single bicycle should they make its an example like once we saw before. In what sometimes called topicalized sentences like the one in D this magnificent bicycle they should make that one they can forget about. I'm often used for this kind of paired of contrast in relative clauses as an E it's the, which they make piece, that's the relevant one there. The which is in front of that subordinate piece and there is a missing constituent after make and this sort of concessive construction in F in the whichever bicycle they make part, again with whichever bicycle they initially fronted the initial chunk and then the missing piece after the word make. So here's one sub piece of organization that runs across a number of different constructions and it's associated with two pieces of two kinds of formal properties. And then the clause initial constituent of some type and later on a missing constituent of the same type. And so along with those formal properties goes a special kind of an interpretation in which the fronted stuff has some sort of discourse prominent status variously called topic or focus depending on which of these constructions you're looking at which of these examples you're looking at. Now some of these examples also illustrate a different piece of formal arrangement namely what's sometimes called subject auxiliary version. where you've got, in fact I guess it should be called auxiliary subject inversion 'cause the auxiliary verb comes first. This is a three part arrangement consisting first of a of a single auxiliary verbal word followed by something that's the subject of the clause followed by the rest of the verb phrase, the rest of the hope construction or the goal on the feet auxiliary in the A and C examples again, once.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116082#t=0.0,2908.248"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV203921_The_Logic_of_Syntax_b.mp3"]},"duration":1200.048,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/083/small/lecture.png?1622564879","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/116/083/original/AV203921_The_Logic_of_Syntax_b.mp3?1622564879","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1200.048,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203921_The_Logic_of_Syntax_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Our construction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=5.202,6.785"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=8.735,9.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All the rest of the examples that we've had so far","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=9.63,13.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some new ones,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=13.41,14.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"illustrated in the next section on the handout,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=16.12,18.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"show a different way of putting subjects together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=18.98,22.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the rest of their clauses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=22.14,24.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Instead of having a three-part construction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=24.33,26.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with an auxiliary first,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=26.61,28.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these come in two parts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=28.07,29.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the subject before the rest of the sentence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=29.56,33.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the sort of ordinary all-purpose scheme","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=33.38,35.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for doing this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=35.98,36.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've called it here subject, the subject-VP","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=37.73,40.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or subject-verb-phrase construction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=40.32,43.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"illustrated in the B, D, E, and F examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=43.18,45.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we've already seen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=45.72,46.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also in a bunch of other examples,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=48.68,51.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in I, J, K, L, and M,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=51.97,54.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of them of the new type.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=56.22,59.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Notice in J we've got this subordinate clause,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=59.38,63.067"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"these bicycles be made by a reputable firm,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=63.067,66.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that turns up with an unexpected verb form, be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=66.15,71.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not the one you would expect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=71.92,72.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go along with bicycles as the subject.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=72.96,75.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In K, a strange way of marking the subjects,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=76.89,80.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with, apparently with the preposition for,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=80.41,83.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you have an infinitive, infinitival verb phrase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=83.97,88.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But otherwise, the order is the same.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=88.77,90.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've still got the same two parts, right,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=90.84,92.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the subject and the verb, and the verbal phrase,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=92.33,95.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though some of the icing is different on the parts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=98.32,101.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this construction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=101.95,102.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as opposed to the ones you've seen before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=102.783,105.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In L, yet another kind of verb form.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=105.28,110.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a counterfactual,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=110.92,112.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"if she were making fine bicycles.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=114.187,116.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again the same two parts, but now with a funny verb form.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=116.71,121.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Obviously we don't say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=121.82,122.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"She were making fine bicycles,\" right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=122.687,124.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'd say, \"She was making fine bicycles.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=124.13,126.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in this construction you have a special form.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=126.777,129.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then in M, another form with the base.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=130.87,133.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the imperative construction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=133.95,135.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which can have the subject expressed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=135.78,137.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when you do, you get the same sequence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=139.816,142.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"subject plus verb phrase in that order,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=142.68,145.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not the subject-auxiliary inversion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=145.43,150.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"construction I just illustrated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=150.97,152.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the salient property of these examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=153.86,158.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that you get combinations or packages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=158.11,162.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these constructions in combination with one another,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=162.14,167.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that if you look, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=172.84,176.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the prominence by fronting constructions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=176.86,179.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there isn't, there are many different types within them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=181.45,184.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are even several different types","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=184.89,186.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involving W-H words in English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=186.35,188.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of them are question constructions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=189.53,191.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of them is a kind of adverbial concessive construction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=191.77,196.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another one is a relative clause construction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=196.33,199.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They differ in many other respects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=199.33,202.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I haven't illustrated here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=202.14,203.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they share having a kind of focus achieved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=205.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the fronting of some larger expression","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=212.25,215.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that contains one of these W-H words.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=215.72,218.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In general, various of these constructions use,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=220.97,224.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will say, or invoke or call up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=224.22,227.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the prominence by fronting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=229.0,230.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Others, including some of the same ones but not all of them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=233.42,237.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"use subject-auxiliary inversion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=237.05,239.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The negative focus construction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=242.47,244.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in \"Not a single bicycle should they make\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=244.48,247.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has both the prominence by fronting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=247.55,250.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also subject-auxiliary inversion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=250.07,252.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, these are all special properties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=256.53,259.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of certain kinds of constructions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=261.18,263.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you don't,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=263.27,264.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if your construction doesn't call","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=266.77,268.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for subject-auxiliary inversion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=268.48,270.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it gets subject-verb-phrase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=270.04,272.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It gets the ordinary two-part construction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=272.49,275.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's kind of the all-purpose thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=275.26,277.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a construction uses otherwise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=277.36,281.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a sense in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=282.97,284.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even things like the prominence by fronting construction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=284.62,288.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"calls for other rules.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=288.61,290.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After all, it refers to phrases of certain sort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=290.9,294.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This particular construction says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=294.49,296.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you gotta start a clause with a phrase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=296.16,299.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, it's a little more complicated than that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=300.57,301.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It can't be a verb-type phrase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=301.99,303.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It can only be a noun phrase or an adjective phrase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=303.23,307.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or adverbial phrase or prepositional phrase,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=307.1,311.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can't be a verb-type phrase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=311.53,313.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that means that any sort of rule that describes phrases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=315.3,319.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gets called up by this construction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=319.57,322.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you wanna figure out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=322.13,323.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if some sentence is an instance of this construction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=323.3,328.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the next step you've gotta figure out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=328.47,330.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether something counts as a phrase of the right type","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=330.64,334.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and whether the rest of the sentence counts as a clause","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=334.32,337.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up to the conditions placed on it by prominence by fronting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=339.2,344.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Similarly with the subject-auxiliary inversion construction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=344.69,348.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it depends in a sense or presupposes all the information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=349.33,354.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a grammar of English needs to supply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=358.53,361.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about how you can combine auxiliary verbs in English","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=361.35,366.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with their complement, their subjects and complements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=366.78,371.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's a kind of complicated logic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=373.43,376.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which particular constructions call for things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=376.09,381.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that satisfy the requirements of still other constructions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=381.21,384.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and those things call for pieces that satisfy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=384.15,388.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the requirements of still other constructions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=388.54,391.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on down the line.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=391.12,393.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's also cases where you get competition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=395.61,397.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where it's impossible to satisfy the requirements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=399.66,402.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of two of these thing simultaneously.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=402.04,404.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The obvious case is any instance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=409.09,411.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you have special rules,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=411.85,413.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rules that apply only in certain circumstances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=413.32,416.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Clearly they're, whenever you need them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=416.44,420.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're going to use them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=420.94,421.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're not gonna use the more general rule.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=421.773,423.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Otherwise you wouldn't have said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=423.23,424.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a special rule in the first place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=424.18,426.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(group laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=426.107,428.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That applies in this case to auxiliary inversion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=428.79,432.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the prominent example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=432.6,434.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are a few constructions in English","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=434.33,436.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that want subject-auxiliary inversion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=436.84,438.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you ask for it, you get it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=440.18,442.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you don't get the two-part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=444.02,446.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"subject-verb-phrase construction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=446.9,448.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you don't ask for subject-auxiliary inversion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=448.84,450.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you get the default.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=450.58,451.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You get the general all-purpose construction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=451.77,454.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with subject plus VP.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=456.3,458.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Similarly, there are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=461.72,462.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the examples that we have so far","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=463.9,466.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"specifically call for base-form verbs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=466.22,470.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things like, \"I insist that these bicycles be made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=470.67,473.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a reputable firm,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=473.03,474.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the imperative, \"You be quiet about that bicycle.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=474.45,477.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=477.75,478.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Others specifically call for infinitival forms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=480.46,484.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like \"I hated for bicycles to be made by idiots.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=484.37,487.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of them calls for a special counterfactual form,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=494.76,498.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the \"if she were making fine bicycles.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=498.38,502.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, all of those are exceptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=502.25,507.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the general principle in English","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=507.08,509.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that clauses have finite verb forms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=509.03,514.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the all-purpose clause in English","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=514.85,517.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is along with a finite form.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=517.79,519.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you call for something more special,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=519.6,521.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you get that instead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=521.11,522.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Similarly, there's the special case of subjects marked with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=527.74,532.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weirdly marked with the preposition for,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=533.75,536.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as in \"I hated for bicycles to be made by idiots.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=536.27,539.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the general rule is that subjects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=541.16,542.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are just nominative case, as in \"I am here,\" right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=542.94,547.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But since this construction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=550.97,552.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has a special requirement of its own,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=552.78,555.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that overrides that more general rule.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=555.35,557.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That more general rule is actually itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=559.828,562.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not the most general rule that English has.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=564.46,566.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For most English speakers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=567.71,568.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the general principle for noun-phrase-type constructions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=568.84,572.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is use them in the accusative case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=572.8,575.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's why real speakers of English,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=577.32,580.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in answer to the question \"Who's there,\" say \"Me,\" not \"I.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=580.63,585.392"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughs) Right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=585.392,587.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the accusative forms of pronouns in particular","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=587.1,589.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that occur when no case is specifically determined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=589.95,594.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's an observation made long ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=597.12,598.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by Otto Jespersen, a great English grammarian,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=598.66,602.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and is true of real people's speech","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=604.85,608.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as opposed to the prescriptions of some grammarians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=608.06,610.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those of us who say naturally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=612.75,614.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"It's me\" and not (audio cuts out).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=614.197,615.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In any case, the general principle appears to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=618.38,622.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that when you can tell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=622.19,623.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and nothing else requires it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=625.71,630.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put a noun phrase in the accusative case in English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=630.4,633.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's an English-specific fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=634.16,636.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that default case forms for English are accusative.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=636.48,639.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For many languages, they're nominative.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=639.24,641.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's just differences between languages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=641.52,643.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this is a specific fact about English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=643.66,647.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In any case, we have also a kind of logic here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=647.14,650.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the way in which constructions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=650.26,652.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the syntax of a language","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=652.29,655.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"use one another, are calling one another,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=655.36,658.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a kind of logic about what happens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=658.82,661.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they're in competition with one another,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=661.95,664.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when two or more constructions would be equally applicable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=664.14,668.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the expression of some meaning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=670.41,673.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are questions here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=675.88,676.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about how much of this is universal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=676.96,678.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how much is language particular.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=678.59,680.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The idea that the special thing overrides the general thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=680.83,684.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is of course universal, often attributed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=684.85,687.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the great ancient Sanskrit grammarian Panini,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=687.89,692.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was apparently the first person to say it explicitly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=692.31,696.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the form that, at least, modern readers can understand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=696.23,699.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's the sort of thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=700.81,701.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that must have been thought by many people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=701.89,704.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's one of those things that has to be true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=705.35,707.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are, however, serious questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=711.75,713.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about just how much of this is universal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=713.38,716.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And close with the last example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=716.16,718.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that, for those of you who know something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=718.38,720.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the structure of English and English syntax","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=720.26,723.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is a familiar example, has to do with what happens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=723.49,726.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you look in detail","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=726.41,731.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the conditions on Wh-questions and on negative focus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=731.7,735.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, both of these constructions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=737.09,740.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involve prominence by fronting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=740.06,742.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which says, put a constituent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=742.57,747.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the beginning of a clause","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=750.05,752.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then follow it by the rest of the clause.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=752.35,754.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They also both involve subject-auxiliary inversion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=756.1,760.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which says, put an auxiliary verb before the subject","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=760.2,765.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and follow that by the rest of the verb phrase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=768.3,771.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ordinarily there's no problem with these two requirements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=773.24,778.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the examples I gave before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=778.03,779.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of negative focus and the Wh-questions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=780.65,785.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things like \"Which one did you see,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=785.46,788.387"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Which bicycle did you see,\" or \"Not a penguin did I see,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=788.387,792.927"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"illustrate perfectly fine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=794.28,795.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the satisfaction of both kinds of requirements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=795.94,799.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, there's a circumstance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=799.32,801.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which these two requirements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=801.06,802.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be put into conflict with one another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=802.87,805.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What happens if the prominent thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=805.55,807.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the subject of the sentence?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=807.99,809.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're in trouble.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=810.97,812.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prominence by fronting says, put the prominent thing first,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=814.11,818.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then follow it by the rest of the clause","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=818.83,820.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the missing piece.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=820.64,821.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That says, if the subject is prominent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=823.77,826.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then the subject has to come first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=826.26,828.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ah, but subject-auxiliary inversion says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=829.13,831.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put the auxiliary before the subject.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=831.54,834.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the first construction says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=837.16,839.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this case, the prominent thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=840.17,841.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which here would be the subject, must come first,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=841.95,845.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whereas subject-auxiliary inversion says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=845.13,847.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no, no, auxiliary has to come before the subject.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=847.11,850.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, both things can't be true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=850.77,853.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can't have the subject before the auxiliary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=854.13,857.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the auxiliary before the subject, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=857.1,859.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's not, that's a straightforward contradiction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=859.64,862.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The answer is, (laughs) in English at any rate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=867.06,872.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that prominence by fronting wins.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=872.48,875.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the prominent constituent that must come first,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=876.76,879.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and subject-auxiliary inversion must not apply.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=881.15,884.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Instead, you use the default, subject-verb-phrase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=884.53,888.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't get an inverted auxiliary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=888.46,889.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you get \"Which people should answer, not a bite,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=889.86,893.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"oh, that's...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=893.37,894.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second examples are wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=895.19,896.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Not a single person saw me eat\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=898.577,902.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should be, or \"Not a single person would see me eat.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=903.92,906.857"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's this, some mental glitch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=907.9,910.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was thinking about dinner or something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=910.11,913.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I made up the handout.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=913.76,917.059"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want a negative subject,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=917.059,919.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Not a single person saw me eat,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=919.427,921.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not \"Did not a single person see me eat,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=924.6,929.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meaning an emphatic negation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=930.53,933.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=935.628,936.461"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in both of these cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=941.53,943.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the prominence by fronting wins the competition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=943.05,946.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the subject-auxiliary version can't apply.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=946.06,949.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, these are familiar facts, and in some sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=949.25,951.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you speak English you know these facts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=951.26,953.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though you probably couldn't tell anybody about them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=953.9,957.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly not (laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=957.04,959.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of one rule overriding another one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=961.26,966.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question is whether this particular interaction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=967.07,969.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the two principles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=969.35,970.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be predicted on some universal principle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=972.05,974.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or whether it has to be treated as a fact about English,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=974.38,977.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about these two particular","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=977.93,979.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rules of English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=981.93,982.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, there is some evidence from morphology, at any rate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=984.41,988.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from facts in morphology, that seem to indicate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=988.36,990.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there are kinds of competitions between rules","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=990.89,993.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are utterly language and dialect particular,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=993.45,996.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are, where the winner in these sorts of competitions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=996.21,999.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is decided on no basis other than the pure convention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1000.92,1005.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the particular language or dialect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1005.05,1006.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that has to be treated as a real possibility here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1008.95,1011.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1011.74,1012.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one might wonder","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1015.92,1018.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about whether there could be a dialect of English","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1018.65,1022.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which ran exactly the opposite way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1023.71,1026.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1026.0,1027.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the appropriate Wh-question for subjects was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1027.91,1031.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Should which people answer.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1031.347,1033.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No such dialect has been reported.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1035.593,1037.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Plenty of interesting dialects of English","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1039.15,1040.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been reported, but not this one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1040.73,1042.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question is whether that lack of information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1044.06,1047.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"indicates a deep absence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1047.13,1051.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether in fact these sorts of dialects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1051.64,1054.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just aren't possible,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1054.21,1056.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or whether it's simply that we haven't come across them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1056.15,1058.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm actually prepared to make a kind of story","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1060.06,1062.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which you might be able to predict","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1062.47,1064.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the prominence by fronting should win in English","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1065.72,1068.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on some kind of sort of general ground,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1071.43,1074.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's not a terribly convincing argument,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1074.63,1076.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and when I gave it in a paper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1076.64,1078.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the Berkeley Linguistics Society last year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1078.47,1080.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I produced a lot of unhappiness in my scholarly colleagues,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1080.52,1085.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I'm not gonna tell the story here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1086.25,1088.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I would specifically like to leave this question open","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1089.336,1092.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as an instance of the sort of question one comes to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1092.8,1095.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when thinking about syntax theoretically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1095.24,1099.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Having teased apart the different requirements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1100.26,1103.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that associate form and meaning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1103.74,1105.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and come to the observation that different packages of these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1106.36,1111.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can sort of call one another up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1111.34,1113.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or be in competition with one another","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1113.22,1115.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that a resolution is required,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1116.85,1119.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one comes to the question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1119.63,1120.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of just how much of this is universal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1120.71,1123.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how much is a fact about particular languages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1123.05,1126.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"questions of considerable interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1126.56,1129.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that simply can't even begin to be formulated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1130.78,1134.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without an enormous amount of conceptual apparatus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1135.12,1140.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and theoretical thinking about the whole topic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1140.18,1144.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So to sum up, there's a complex logic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1145.3,1149.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the way syntactic constructions interact in any language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1149.24,1152.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The theorist's challenge is to determine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1154.285,1156.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's universal in this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1156.99,1158.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the one hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1162.13,1162.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what's sort of out of bounds for any language,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1162.963,1165.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the other hand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1165.99,1167.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope to have shown you that there's a lot to be learned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1167.7,1170.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the most ordinary sorts of expressions in a language,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1170.97,1175.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really quite everyday pieces of syntax,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1175.12,1178.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a whole world of relationships that, thank goodness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1178.43,1181.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we don't have to attend to when we actually speak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1181.46,1184.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1185.27,1186.578"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=1186.578,1189.745"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27974/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/974/original/AV203921_The_Logic_of_Syntax_b.vtt?1622564880","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/974/original/AV203921_The_Logic_of_Syntax_b.vtt?1622564880"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27975","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203921_The_Logic_of_Syntax_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083/transcript/27975/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Our construction. Okay. All the rest of the examples that we've had so far and some new ones, illustrated in the next section on the handout, show a different way of putting subjects together with the rest of their clauses. Instead of having a three-part construction with an auxiliary first, these come in two parts, with the subject before the rest of the sentence. This is the sort of ordinary all-purpose scheme for doing this. I've called it here subject, the subject-VP or subject-verb-phrase construction, illustrated in the B, D, E, and F examples which we've already seen and also in a bunch of other examples, in I, J, K, L, and M, some of them of the new type. Notice in J we've got this subordinate clause, \"these bicycles be made by a reputable firm,\" that turns up with an unexpected verb form, be, not the one you would expect to go along with bicycles as the subject. In K, a strange way of marking the subjects, with, apparently with the preposition for, when you have an infinitive, infinitival verb phrase. But otherwise, the order is the same. We've still got the same two parts, right, the subject and the verb, and the verbal phrase, though some of the icing is different on the parts in this construction as opposed to the ones you've seen before. In L, yet another kind of verb form. This is a counterfactual, \"if she were making fine bicycles.\" Again the same two parts, but now with a funny verb form. Obviously we don't say, \"She were making fine bicycles,\" right? You'd say, \"She was making fine bicycles.\" But in this construction you have a special form. And then in M, another form with the base. This is the imperative construction, which can have the subject expressed. And when you do, you get the same sequence, subject plus verb phrase in that order, and not the subject-auxiliary inversion construction I just illustrated. Now, the salient property of these examples is that you get combinations or packages of these constructions in combination with one another, so that if you look, for example, at the prominence by fronting constructions, there isn't, there are many different types within them. There are even several different types involving W-H words in English. Some of them are question constructions. One of them is a kind of adverbial concessive construction. Another one is a relative clause construction. They differ in many other respects that I haven't illustrated here. But they share having a kind of focus achieved by the fronting of some larger expression that contains one of these W-H words. In general, various of these constructions use, I will say, or invoke or call up the prominence by fronting. Others, including some of the same ones but not all of them, use subject-auxiliary inversion. The negative focus construction in \"Not a single bicycle should they make\" has both the prominence by fronting and also subject-auxiliary inversion. Now, these are all special properties of certain kinds of constructions. If you don't, if your construction doesn't call for subject-auxiliary inversion, it gets subject-verb-phrase. It gets the ordinary two-part construction. That's kind of the all-purpose thing that a construction uses otherwise. There's a sense in which even things like the prominence by fronting construction calls for other rules. After all, it refers to phrases of certain sort. This particular construction says, you gotta start a clause with a phrase. Actually, it's a little more complicated than that. It can't be a verb-type phrase. It can only be a noun phrase or an adjective phrase or adverbial phrase or prepositional phrase, can't be a verb-type phrase. And that means that any sort of rule that describes phrases gets called up by this construction. If you wanna figure out if some sentence is an instance of this construction, at the next step you've gotta figure out whether something counts as a phrase of the right type and whether the rest of the sentence counts as a clause up to the conditions placed on it by prominence by fronting. Similarly with the subject-auxiliary inversion construction, it depends in a sense or presupposes all the information that a grammar of English needs to supply about how you can combine auxiliary verbs in English with their complement, their subjects and complements. So there's a kind of complicated logic in which particular constructions call for things that satisfy the requirements of still other constructions, and those things call for pieces that satisfy the requirements of still other constructions, and so on down the line. There's also cases where you get competition, where it's impossible to satisfy the requirements of two of these thing simultaneously. The obvious case is any instance where you have special rules, rules that apply only in certain circumstances. Clearly they're, whenever you need them you're going to use them. You're not gonna use the more general rule. Otherwise you wouldn't have said there was a special rule in the first place. That applies in this case to auxiliary inversion. That's the prominent example. There are a few constructions in English that want subject-auxiliary inversion. If you ask for it, you get it, and you don't get the two-part subject-verb-phrase construction. If you don't ask for subject-auxiliary inversion, you get the default. You get the general all-purpose construction with subject plus VP. Similarly, there are, some of the examples that we have so far specifically call for base-form verbs, things like, \"I insist that these bicycles be made by a reputable firm,\" or the imperative, \"You be quiet about that bicycle.\" So you, yeah. Others specifically call for infinitival forms, like \"I hated for bicycles to be made by idiots.\" And one of them calls for a special counterfactual form, the \"if she were making fine bicycles.\" Now, all of those are exceptions to the general principle in English that clauses have finite verb forms. So the all-purpose clause in English is along with a finite form. But if you call for something more special, then you get that instead. Similarly, there's the special case of subjects marked with, weirdly marked with the preposition for, as in \"I hated for bicycles to be made by idiots.\" Now, the general rule is that subjects are just nominative case, as in \"I am here,\" right? But since this construction has a special requirement of its own, that overrides that more general rule. That more general rule is actually itself not the most general rule that English has. For most English speakers, the general principle for noun-phrase-type constructions is use them in the accusative case. So that's why real speakers of English, in answer to the question \"Who's there,\" say \"Me,\" not \"I.\" Right? It's the accusative forms of pronouns in particular that occur when no case is specifically determined. That's an observation made long ago by Otto Jespersen, a great English grammarian, and is true of real people's speech as opposed to the prescriptions of some grammarians, those of us who say naturally, \"It's me\" and not . In any case, the general principle appears to be that when you can tell and nothing else requires it, put a noun phrase in the accusative case in English. And that's an English-specific fact, that default case forms for English are accusative. For many languages, they're nominative. That's just differences between languages. But this is a specific fact about English. In any case, we have also a kind of logic here of the way in which constructions within the syntax of a language use one another, are calling one another, and a kind of logic about what happens when they're in competition with one another, when two or more constructions would be equally applicable for the expression of some meaning. And there are questions here about how much of this is universal and how much is language particular. The idea that the special thing overrides the general thing is of course universal, often attributed to the great ancient Sanskrit grammarian Panini, who was apparently the first person to say it explicitly in the form that, at least, modern readers can understand, but it's the sort of thing that must have been thought by many people. It's one of those things that has to be true. There are, however, serious questions about just how much of this is universal. And close with the last example, is that, for those of you who know something about the structure of English and English syntax this is a familiar example, has to do with what happens when you look in detail at the conditions on Wh-questions and on negative focus. Now, both of these constructions involve prominence by fronting, which says, put a constituent at the beginning of a clause and then follow it by the rest of the clause. They also both involve subject-auxiliary inversion, which says, put an auxiliary verb before the subject and follow that by the rest of the verb phrase. Ordinarily there's no problem with these two requirements, and the examples I gave before of negative focus and the Wh-questions, things like \"Which one did you see,\" \"Which bicycle did you see,\" or \"Not a penguin did I see,\" illustrate perfectly fine the satisfaction of both kinds of requirements. However, there's a circumstance in which these two requirements can be put into conflict with one another. What happens if the prominent thing is the subject of the sentence? We're in trouble. Prominence by fronting says, put the prominent thing first, then follow it by the rest of the clause with the missing piece. That says, if the subject is prominent, then the subject has to come first. Ah, but subject-auxiliary inversion says, put the auxiliary before the subject. So the first construction says, in this case, the prominent thing, which here would be the subject, must come first, whereas subject-auxiliary inversion says, no, no, auxiliary has to come before the subject. Now, both things can't be true. You can't have the subject before the auxiliary and the auxiliary before the subject, right? That's not, that's a straightforward contradiction. The answer is, in English at any rate, that prominence by fronting wins. It's the prominent constituent that must come first, and subject-auxiliary inversion must not apply. Instead, you use the default, subject-verb-phrase. You don't get an inverted auxiliary. So you get \"Which people should answer, not a bite,\" oh, that's... The second examples are wrong. \"Not a single person saw me eat\" should be, or \"Not a single person would see me eat.\" It's this, some mental glitch. I was thinking about dinner or something when I made up the handout. We want a negative subject, \"Not a single person saw me eat,\" and not \"Did not a single person see me eat,\" meaning an emphatic negation. Okay. So in both of these cases, the prominence by fronting wins the competition, and the subject-auxiliary version can't apply. Now, these are familiar facts, and in some sense, if you speak English you know these facts, though you probably couldn't tell anybody about them, certainly not in terms of one rule overriding another one. The question is whether this particular interaction between the two principles can be predicted on some universal principle or whether it has to be treated as a fact about English, about these two particular rules of English. Now, there is some evidence from morphology, at any rate, from facts in morphology, that seem to indicate that there are kinds of competitions between rules that are utterly language and dialect particular, that are, where the winner in these sorts of competitions is decided on no basis other than the pure convention of the particular language or dialect. So that has to be treated as a real possibility here. On the other hand, one might wonder about whether there could be a dialect of English which ran exactly the opposite way, in which, for example, the appropriate Wh-question for subjects was \"Should which people answer.\" No such dialect has been reported. Plenty of interesting dialects of English have been reported, but not this one. The question is whether that lack of information indicates a deep absence, whether in fact these sorts of dialects just aren't possible, or whether it's simply that we haven't come across them. I'm actually prepared to make a kind of story in which you might be able to predict that the prominence by fronting should win in English on some kind of sort of general ground, but it's not a terribly convincing argument, and when I gave it in a paper at the Berkeley Linguistics Society last year, I produced a lot of unhappiness in my scholarly colleagues, so I'm not gonna tell the story here. And I would specifically like to leave this question open as an instance of the sort of question one comes to when thinking about syntax theoretically. Having teased apart the different requirements that associate form and meaning and come to the observation that different packages of these can sort of call one another up or be in competition with one another so that a resolution is required, one comes to the question of just how much of this is universal, how much is a fact about particular languages, questions of considerable interest that simply can't even begin to be formulated without an enormous amount of conceptual apparatus and theoretical thinking about the whole topic. So to sum up, there's a complex logic to the way syntactic constructions interact in any language. The theorist's challenge is to determine what's universal in this, on the one hand, and what's sort of out of bounds for any language, on the other hand. I hope to have shown you that there's a lot to be learned about the most ordinary sorts of expressions in a language, really quite everyday pieces of syntax, a whole world of relationships that, thank goodness, we don't have to attend to when we actually speak. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43254/file/116083#t=0.0,1200.048"}]}]}]}