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socialism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=25.55,27.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe a little more about agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=27.73,29.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'd like you to hear all of these 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but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=536.13,538.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the very economic structure of that particular country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=538.57,541.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What kind of technology is used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=541.58,543.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it is a labor intensive or labor saving technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=543.21,546.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is the population growth rate of that country?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=546.16,548.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who participated the growth phenomenon?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=548.66,550.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a growth, but who participate?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=550.74,552.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is there a section where the economic ability to participate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=552.75,555.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the growth or they're just kicked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=555.3,556.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of the growth phenomenal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=556.71,559.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he did it, the new technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=559.117,560.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I talk about later on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=560.52,563.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if you use it, anybody's income can grow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=563.04,566.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what is the use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=566.04,566.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this good process for your marginal farmer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=566.873,568.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who cannot make use of this new technology?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=568.45,570.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it depends whether the one particular 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growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=573.81,575.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"process to take the advantage of new technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=575.84,578.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what, what really alternative to determine is this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=578.61,581.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it is not only the level of growth or level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=581.1,583.611"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the economic activity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=583.611,587.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the character of the economic activity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=587.39,589.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the character of the economic growth definitely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=589.7,591.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"determine that if it will help the poor or not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=591.37,594.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, as it is or what you find that by mid seventies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=594.01,596.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by 1970s earlier, then imploding World Bank it heard that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=596.4,601.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you go by the trickle down phenomenon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=602.3,603.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then it will take 50 or 60 years to remove the poverty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=603.75,606.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to reach that drop of income to the poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=606.47,610.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So then there was a radical change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=610.21,611.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the attitude of World Banks and most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=611.81,614.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the developing countries, that let growth be there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=614.35,616.191"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's let us let growth be there because without growth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=616.191,619.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is you cannot have development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=619.4,621.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have to have the growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=621.43,623.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And see who can be help out with this growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=623.77,626.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But let us have an independent program of helping the poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=626.6,629.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's start in planning for the poor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=629.68,631.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite independent of the economic progress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=631.48,633.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Give them certain amount of asset.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=634.74,636.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you have a surplus land,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=636.5,637.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they are interested in land distribution give them land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=637.85,640.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Give them other income generating assets, either","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=640.3,642.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by giving the financial help or by any other measure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=642.73,647.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or start a learning 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government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=655.47,656.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The government on its own starting public arts program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=656.52,659.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"giving financial assistance to the weaker section","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=659.04,661.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to have some asset, as it might include anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=661.54,664.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Art is in class","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=664.64,665.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they will do certain financial help to start their business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=665.51,668.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They might do them buffaloes and livestock industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=668.56,673.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that was one of the approach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=673.07,674.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what do you 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community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=683.353,685.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it is assisted to certain financial help","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=685.49,688.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then by that help, he can adopt the new technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=689.892,693.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anything coming there can be erased.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=693.69,695.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the small section was given us certain 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but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=699.083,702.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the others who cannot really take advantage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=702.33,704.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this new technology, they were given employment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=704.05,707.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certain employment programs are introduced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=707.75,709.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whether these employment programs they're successful or not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=709.29,711.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we see that. But the things are very clear now that it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=711.73,713.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of the developing countries now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=713.96,715.329"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were two strategy, two types of strategy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=715.329,718.437"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The growth strategy and the employment generation strategy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=718.437,722.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly focus on the weaker section","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=722.71,724.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to increase the income level so that they can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=724.55,726.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afford the participant goes up and they can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=726.7,728.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afford to buy the necessities of life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=728.6,731.245"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the green revolution technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=731.245,733.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is basically the growth technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=733.43,737.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it can increase the level of agricultural production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=738.007,740.649"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not rapid but soon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=740.649,745.649"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, and this has been certainly proved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=745.703,750.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in most of the developing countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=750.12,752.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now let me discuss very briefly before we go to the type","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=752.15,754.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of technology on the poor pre-employment major and labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=754.76,757.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me say a few things about this, the nature of this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=757.94,761.445"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"green developing technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=761.445,764.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how big it is and how big it is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=764.42,766.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how industrial it is in term of it's impact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=766.267,769.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now it has to be certainly quite deep","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=769.73,771.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the sense that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=771.14,772.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it has to be realistically also in the sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=773.72,775.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that most of these developing countries, Pakistan, India","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=775.78,779.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the Latin American countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=779.91,781.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of this far distant countries, including Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=781.31,784.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have been enable to achieve the growth rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=784.77,786.754"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agricultural output, which was not possible earlier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=786.754,790.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, Japan has, which is supposed to be one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=790.44,793.358"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the very good example of progress at agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=793.358,795.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japan could achieve 4% growth rate per annum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=795.157,796.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"4% growth per annum is something that is really high","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=796.14,800.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and which is, really commanding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=802.567,803.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because, normally your demand for food in the range","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=804.59,808.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of 3% to 2.5% to 3%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=808.39,809.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you're able to achieve that grow rate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=812.357,814.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supply in the agriculture output much about your demand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=814.57,817.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then you are hungry to have a surplus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=817.73,820.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the green revolution technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=820.57,822.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was essentially a technology we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=822.48,824.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which increases the yield by the acre.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=824.04,826.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The yield per acre is in the end , Pakistan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=826.11,828.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was almost three times better than the current technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=828.31,830.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is why it was part of the sort of revelations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=830.6,832.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, you get five people per acre earlier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=832.97,835.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now you get 15 for that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=835.87,837.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and within three years, farmer find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=837.41,838.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that their yield is increasing four times, three times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=838.93,841.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in that sense, it was a revelation for the farmer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=841.76,845.192"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was green revolution in the sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=845.192,846.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it includes the yield and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=846.153,847.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"increase the total output at a much rapid pace","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=847.08,849.578"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than what you require.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=849.578,850.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, most of these developing countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=850.82,853.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have been able to achieve this growth rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=853.317,854.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"India had on the whole achieved 2.5 to 3% on growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=854.99,858.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I guess his demand of tickets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=859.72,861.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Pakistan had achieved on 4% rate of growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=861.05,864.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the population rate of growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=864.18,866.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Pakistan is around three and half percent amazing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=866.77,868.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very high.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=868.98,869.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet they were able to supply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=869.813,870.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feed their population because of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=870.9,872.607"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"green revolution technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=872.607,874.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So to that extent, the green revolution 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produce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=878.98,881.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the extent and they could satisfy their demand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=881.94,884.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There, there, there, the dependence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=884.317,886.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the important reduce drastic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=886.54,888.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But as I told you earlier, growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=889.09,890.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by itself will not ensure that this growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=890.9,892.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of 4% per annum is going to help the poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=892.713,895.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If this technology is going to increase the the wage level,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=897.54,899.625"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yes it will help the poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=899.625,900.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If this technology is going to help","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=900.613,903.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in raising the income level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=903.19,904.466"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the margin in this small farmer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=904.466,905.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, it is going to help them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=905.74,908.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now let us look into this aspect now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=908.4,911.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have you actually accepted the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=911.02,912.479"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the green revolution technology has really lead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=912.479,915.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a substantial increase in agriculture output","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=915.743,917.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has held this country lately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=917.78,919.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, for example, let us take the example of India","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=919.97,922.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I discuss later on, but just to illustrate the point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=923.61,927.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That till 1966, that is still be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=927.26,931.152"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"green revolution period which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=931.152,933.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started in the mid sixties in most of these countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=933.09,935.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In that period we were able to achieve around two to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=935.96,938.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a half percent rate of growth per annum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=938.43,941.494"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which is alright,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=941.494,942.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in most of this country by middle mid sixties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=942.7,943.978"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most of the cultivable area was exhausted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=943.978,948.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was no more area being under conditions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=948.64,951.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there is no area to be more more are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=951.4,953.505"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to bring more area under cultivation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=953.505,954.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How can you increase your output?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=954.66,956.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only way to increase your output is to get a higher","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=956.08,958.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and higher input, put more input","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=958.84,960.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the same plot of land and get a higher output per acre.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=960.823,964.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the only way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=964.74,966.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in somehow the green revolution technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=967.127,969.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bring yield in increasing technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=969.63,971.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It increases your yield per 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phase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=975.95,977.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after mid sixties, this country could increase their output","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=977.98,981.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by making use of this technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=981.26,983.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and increasing the production to the early yield expansion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=983.373,986.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because area has almost complete that measure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=986.48,988.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it was possible for the most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=988.95,991.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these countries to increase their output","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=991.58,993.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the same rate, or maybe at a slightly higher rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=993.07,995.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the adoption of the green revolution technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=995.94,997.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which otherwise would not have been possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=997.75,999.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think India would have been in a miserable position","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=999.8,1002.835"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had these new technologies be there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1002.835,1006.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this was a really a positive side","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1006.14,1009.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the question is now that why there is no disagreement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1009.67,1012.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the investment nature of this technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1012.67,1015.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there's no question that we know now, what is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1016.89,1020.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what are the sources of growth?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1020.55,1021.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, if you want, if we want to increase our output","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1021.997,1024.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we know that we (indistinct) should have fertilizer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1024.54,1027.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we should have irrigation put together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1027.15,1030.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the form of package, extension service, credit support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1030.39,1033.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So sources of growth as far as sources of concern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1033.74,1036.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's no disagreement about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1036.48,1039.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a major amount of this disagreement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1039.16,1041.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as the impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1041.1,1042.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of green revolution technology on the income distribution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1042.22,1044.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and both section on the countries is concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1044.99,1047.344"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And quite a bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1047.344,1048.714"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this activity exists in most of these factors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1048.714,1053.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there are two perspectives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1053.14,1054.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me put before you this 2 perspective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1054.42,1056.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before I go to India and Russell, certainly some samples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1056.94,1059.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, as far as the impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1061.44,1062.634"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the invention technologies is concerned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1062.634,1064.734"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can very easily see, although there are various opinions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1065.63,1068.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as such. We can easily see that there are a group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1068.74,1071.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of people who could be described as technocrat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1071.92,1074.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are others who exactly the, the, the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1075.46,1078.747"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the footfall that women are exactly opposed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1078.747,1080.564"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the technology that they are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1080.564,1081.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They can be described","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1081.73,1082.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of them, they can be described as a reformist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1082.563,1085.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although there are a lot of variation in this group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1085.67,1088.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but what is the general agreement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1088.027,1089.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these two group of people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1089.467,1091.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the technocrats really believe, and they are good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1092.47,1096.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That green revolution technology not only leads","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1098.16,1102.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to higher level of income, but it can also lead to increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1102.45,1106.695"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the income of the poor people, relatively poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1106.695,1109.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It can help with the margin farmer, it can help","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1109.49,1111.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the small farm and their income can also go up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1111.36,1113.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I, I discussed the argument of this proposition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1113.833,1118.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it can also increase the increase employment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1119.75,1123.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and real wages of the labor, agriculture, less labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1123.1,1125.391"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to that extent, it can help","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1125.391,1126.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the poor section of the community agriculture community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1126.803,1130.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also, in addition to the large and the small farm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1130.78,1133.779"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what is there argument?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1133.779,1135.679"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the argument is like this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1135.679,1136.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there are certain technical characteristics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1136.79,1140.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the green revolution technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1140.05,1141.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which can favor new and emerging farmer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1142.63,1145.194"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what is green revolution technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1145.194,1146.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really sits at the top?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1146.65,1148.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the green revolution technology is basically of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1148.04,1149.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two type what is what we call the biochemical technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1149.89,1153.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which include get package","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1153.05,1154.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of HYG seed, fertilizer, and pesticides, and water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1154.41,1157.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now you should remember, that you cannot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1157.8,1159.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get a good result unless you're using packet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1159.56,1161.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you use irrigation or loss","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1161.68,1163.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can't get reset because we had 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He's a smaller, large farm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1227.411,1229.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He can use the fertilizer and he can use the irrigation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1229.03,1232.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or large farmer can 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as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1776.772,1781.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so we were thinking in mass of labor force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1781.75,1785.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without much of employment, unfortunately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1785.29,1786.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this might be misery, but this is the argument","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1786.87,1788.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is far more systematically brought out by 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Pakistan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1798.33,1800.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one can talk about Bangladesh, but you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1800.82,1804.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the economic development 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situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1834.26,1837.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we basically look into the, the, these two, two situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1839.7,1844.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two arguments that are put forward by these two 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60s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1858.15,1859.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we did three, four year I mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1862.25,1864.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have certain charts, but I did not show that 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sorry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1873.52,1876.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Punjab Haryana and not Western part of India.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1876.76,1881.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The output from mystic sixties after three years in 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such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1895.54,1900.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this was confined mostly to North Western","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1900.15,1902.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Number one, irrigated track and confined to wheat and grass.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1902.61,1906.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was not a certificate in revolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1906.17,1908.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was extended to all crop, but by now you find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1908.37,1911.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that India has got a far more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1911.07,1912.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decentralized research structure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1912.61,1914.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we have developed high variety of not only beef rice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1915.73,1920.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but (indistinct) and sugar cane and cotton.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1921.67,1925.912"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we have practically most of the crops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1925.912,1930.912"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now you find either","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1931.54,1932.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of hiding right in nature or of impropriety nature.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1932.65,1936.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So India has been able to achieve, as I told you 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percent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1940.59,1942.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to 2.3% and this growth, it was very, very impressive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1942.97,1947.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not from the point of view of the, if you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1948.33,1950.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you take the other developing country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1950.28,1952.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you see the longterm that rate of 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area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1976.73,1978.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was brought under cultivation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1978.1,1980.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No hope you could not increase your output as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1980.43,1983.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by increasing the area under cultivation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1984.11,1986.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But despite that, despite of that 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today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1992.52,1995.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And by 1985 in 86, I would talk to production is something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1995.3,1998.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like one 50 million STEM","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=1998.29,2000.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as against 54 million in 1950, it was a big jump.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2000.69,2005.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And by 1985 or 86, we are not importing at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2005.17,2008.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are on the country exporting marginal amount.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2008.94,2012.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that has been the biggest achievement as far","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2012.3,2014.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as Indian agriculture and impact of technology is concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2014.75,2017.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are self sufficient now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2017.567,2019.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the question is now that the major question that remain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2021.68,2025.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we can take, certainly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2025.58,2028.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can certainly take proud","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2028.63,2030.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and say that we are self 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population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2033.477,2034.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We need not depend outside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2034.67,2036.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we have developed a very stable agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2036.59,2039.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in spite of any infatuation and all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2039.28,2042.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do not know whether you are aware of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2042.03,2043.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One year before we had the worst famine of the century","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2043.9,2048.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and people do not know the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2048.35,2050.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because we had 29 million ton","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2050.51,2052.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a buffer stock with the government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2052.6,2054.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we could distribute that buffer stock","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2054.04,2056.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a different part of the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2056.27,2057.618"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where there was an incidence of famine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2057.618,2059.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why the famine of 1943, everybody knows.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2059.95,2064.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we have given the stability the agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2064.34,2066.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"structure whereby we can feed ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2066.73,2069.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the question that I is in the beginning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2069.07,2071.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that what has been the impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2071.193,2072.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this emission technology on the board.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2072.57,2074.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because if this technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2076.88,2078.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not helping to the poor section, if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2078.2,2080.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we are not able to remove the growth and poverty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2080.17,2083.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for that matter, even in Pakistan, Bangladesh to the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2083.53,2086.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to this green revolution technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2086.02,2088.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we are somewhat troubled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2088.5,2091.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because growth, if there's a growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2091.92,2093.527"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and growth it can help to the small section of the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2093.527,2096.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then the problem demands how to solve it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2096.03,2098.755"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growth by itself cannot take the care of the people as such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2098.755,2102.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now let me look into some of the status and look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2102.52,2105.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the both arguments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2105.13,2106.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there are two approaches that we can see the impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2108.24,2113.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the new technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2113.53,2116.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or see the impact of the 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countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2169.48,2171.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what do they do is there's a particular definition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2171.867,2176.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of poverty that if a particular person is able 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line","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2192.1,2193.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is in terms of calories in text.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2193.92,2196.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then you come through from consumption.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2196.12,2198.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That what is the amount of income that you require","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2198.67,2201.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to buy that basket of 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which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2234.51,2237.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the economics going in India and they are outside as such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2237.13,2240.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But one point is very 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Bangladesh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2246.66,2249.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Bangladesh story is different,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2249.68,2250.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the poverty has gone up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2250.92,2252.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2252.02,2254.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the poverty ratio has declined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2254.69,2256.909"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, there is a difference of opinion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2256.909,2258.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as India is concerned and even a 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the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2263.18,2265.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"poverty has declined, say from 46% to 44%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2265.53,2270.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"demand has initiated the study on poverty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2270.25,2273.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which imagine the poverty has declined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2274.806,2276.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the important point that one has to take is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2276.94,2278.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the poverty ratio it has declined marginally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2278.75,2281.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the ratio is still very high, you have a rapid growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2281.14,2284.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet you have the last section of the population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2284.53,2286.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is below the poverty line.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2286.88,2288.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's not able to consume and get enough of these things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2288.24,2291.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now they can be the disagreement on that to some extent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2292.95,2295.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the other way to do care, the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2296.71,2299.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there are problems with poverty ratio","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2299.66,2300.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other ways we could look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2300.683,2302.821"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at these that identify the poor section","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2302.821,2305.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and see what had happened them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2305.03,2307.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now most of the studies identify small farmer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2307.49,2309.849"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marginal farmer laborer, and wage laborer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2309.849,2312.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because wage labor a small farmer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2312.773,2316.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe a wage laborer, but also, you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2316.06,2318.005"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they should do it's cultivation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2318.005,2318.838"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he can work on the fields to supplement his income.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2318.838,2320.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what has happened to the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2320.48,2321.902"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marginalized and the small farmer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2321.902,2323.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the wage laborer, and to the landless laborer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2323.163,2326.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By looking at the composition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2326.28,2328.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by looking at the standard of living of this group,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2328.2,2329.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this group of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2329.94,2331.269"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can certainly then see what has been the impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2331.269,2333.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of green revolution technological growth in some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2333.67,2336.454"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these vulnerable section of the rural society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2336.454,2338.904"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, let me give a certain amount of statistic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2340.45,2344.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we really pose before you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2346.26,2348.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the problem that we are facing in developing countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2348.37,2351.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let us forget the demographic pressure as such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2353.669,2357.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In most of these countries, the population is going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2357.58,2359.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the rate of 2% and two and a half per cent per annum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2359.71,2363.387"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Butt he labor force of this population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2365.136,2367.546"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the labor force is increasing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2367.546,2369.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the rate of around 2% per annum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2369.107,2371.302"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the employment is not keeping pace with the labor force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2371.302,2374.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it is what you find that the unemployment remains","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2374.56,2377.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the unemployment is going up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2377.66,2380.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you find that is a disparity between the supply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2380.34,2382.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of labor force and the demand for the labor force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2382.27,2384.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as the labor statistic is concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2385.99,2389.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the unemployment ratio gives you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2389.59,2392.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an indication that we have not been, although","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2392.4,2394.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have been able to control the unemployment some estate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2394.18,2397.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the rate of unemployment is still going up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2397.1,2399.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then it is getting from what four and a half percent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2399.95,2402.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by 7%, it has not declined in Pakistan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2404.038,2406.702"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It does not decline in Bangladesh","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2406.702,2409.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is gone now, but there are two more characteristics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2409.13,2411.329"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we should remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2411.329,2412.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And those characteristics are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2412.92,2414.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that while the proportion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2416.319,2417.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of self-employed plot that is cultivated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2417.17,2419.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those, we have some means of production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2419.59,2421.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That proportion is declining time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2421.69,2424.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People are tending to lose control over their land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2424.18,2427.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are not selling self-motivated or self- employed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2427.81,2431.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In term of their own means of production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2431.04,2432.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That ratio is going down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2432.78,2434.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While the proportion of wage labor is going up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2434.22,2437.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Within the wage labor, not only that the wage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2440.59,2443.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the proportion of his labor is going up, but the proportion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2443.137,2446.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of casual labor is going up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2446.21,2448.527"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The you have the 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going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2452.697,2455.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as equity in most of these countries, including India.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2455.81,2459.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, this is this being situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2459.61,2462.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What happened?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2462.8,2463.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is the argument that has been 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argue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2466.45,2467.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the technology can help the poor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2467.83,2470.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their argument is that yes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2471.098,2472.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a substantial amount of power in this country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2472.51,2476.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the reason is not that the technology is to be 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enough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2481.52,2483.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Number one, number two, that the population has grown","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2483.48,2484.752"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at such a rate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2484.752,2489.752"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we are not able to maintain the rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2489.99,2492.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of growth of agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2492.12,2493.959"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even if say at the rate of 2% per annum","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2493.959,2497.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your population is also going at the rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2497.72,2499.214"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/956","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of 2% per annum, your per capita, you can remain constant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2499.214,2502.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/957","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever increases during the output that is determined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2502.69,2504.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the increased population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2504.69,2506.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The standard of the adjusted population remains constant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2506.11,2508.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is nothing to trickle down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2508.81,2510.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So their argument is that it is not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2510.59,2512.406"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the technology is not increasing now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2512.406,2515.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there has been a growth, but the book is being 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poverty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2525.89,2527.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is given population pressure as such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2527.57,2531.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now on the contrary the reformist would 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manner.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2547.176,2548.076"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now their argument is this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2548.98,2550.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the argument that we have already repeated is 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farmer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2556.17,2558.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/978","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they hold a very small proportion of the land as such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2560.89,2564.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/979","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what do you have is the predominance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2564.7,2566.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/980","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of smaller marginal farmer last time or a smaller number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2566.11,2567.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/981","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they have large amount of area to 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has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2580.12,2581.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the knowledge he has is he has access to the extension.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2581.55,2584.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it is the large and marginal farmer who really 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the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2611.07,2613.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/996","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the productivity of smaller farm or the net income","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2613.34,2615.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/997","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the small farmer, it was higher than the large farmer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2615.39,2617.794"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/998","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a variety of reasons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2617.794,2618.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/999","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because in traditional agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2618.93,2620.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1000","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is the labor which is very important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2620.62,2621.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1001","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and small farmer has got a family supply, family labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2621.803,2625.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1002","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He cannot afford to have labor force either in the family","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2625.42,2627.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1003","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cause he need come.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2627.87,2628.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1004","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So his output was larger than of the large farmer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2628.88,2631.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1005","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and get higher output so his output","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2631.43,2635.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1006","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more than the large farmer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2635.53,2637.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1007","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now after getting technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2637.4,2638.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1008","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what has happened is that this has reversed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2638.6,2640.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1009","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now the large farmer who could not get this output","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2640.36,2644.776"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1010","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but at a higher speed as compared to the small farmer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2644.776,2647.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1011","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply because he depends on how outside labor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2647.18,2650.218"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1012","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"force and that cost him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2650.218,2651.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1013","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what is happening is that he not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2651.65,2653.038"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1014","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he not only use higher amount of basic technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2653.038,2655.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1015","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"biochemical technology, but now he can substitute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2655.61,2658.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1016","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"labor for the mechanical technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2658.26,2659.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1017","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and get higher up output.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2659.71,2661.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1018","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So he's dispensing the labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2661.36,2662.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1019","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's going for mechanical technology in term of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2662.84,2664.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1020","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tractor in term of harvest combiner","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2664.67,2666.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1021","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in term of varieties of implement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2666.123,2667.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1022","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is dependent on the labor force and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2667.98,2670.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1023","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"getting high output.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2670.31,2671.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1024","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So now the relationship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2672.31,2673.618"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1025","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the university setting that we all said earlier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2673.618,2676.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1026","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the small farmer getting higher output per acre","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2676.15,2678.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1027","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the large farmer is reverse now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2678.08,2680.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1028","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is the large farmer who is getting higher net income","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2680.26,2682.848"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1029","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as total income as a result of this new technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2682.848,2685.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1030","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So small farmer is reduced to a certain amount","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2685.89,2688.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1031","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of miserable position","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2688.51,2690.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1032","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of the result of new technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2690.38,2692.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1033","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now what has happened to the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2692.877,2694.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1034","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is the story of the small farmer, what has happened","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2694.06,2695.537"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1035","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the labor force because the argument is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2695.537,2699.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1036","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they labored the agriculture labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2699.49,2701.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1037","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they lack resources they lack land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2701.37,2702.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1038","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they cannot take advantage of new technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2702.687,2705.346"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1039","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it does increase the employment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2705.346,2706.661"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1040","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They can certainly be benefited","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2706.661,2707.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1041","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to increase in the wage and increase in the employment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=2707.7,2711.553"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25494/annotation/1042","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/494/original/AV203852_Ag_In_India_and_Asia_a.vtt?1620308319","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/494/original/AV203852_Ag_In_India_and_Asia_a.vtt?1620308319"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25495","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203852_Ag_In_India_and_Asia_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374/transcript/25495/annotation/1043","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Analysis of non-wage forms of production. And you're invited to come to those two events also. If you find this interesting, and if you'd be interested in the socialist collective who has gotten this set of lectures together, we're gonna be meeting starting next Wednesday evening at seven o'clock downstairs in the commons and hear a lot more about socialism, maybe a little more about agriculture. We'd like you to hear all of these things. Tonight's speaker is SK Taraq, who is a visiting scholar in the center for agricultural and rural development in the department of economics. At home he's a professor in Jawaharlal Nehru university in New Delhi. One of the most aggressive and well known international schools in India. Professor Taraq has written on technology and agriculture in India. And tonight he's going to talk to us a little bit about India.\r\n\r\n- Thanks professor Ganey. The area of discussion that I was to address is in regard of the green evolution in technology on the both in South Asia and India in particular. The issue of green development in technology has became a very popular phenomenon in the sense that it has generated a considerable impact on the level of living of the countries in the third world. But somehow we find that there is enough of controversy about this impact. That the green revolution technology has led to generally implementing the standard of living of the people or whether it has really deteriorated the standard of living of certain section of the people. Now, the South Asian countries which mostly include Pakistan, Bangladesh Sri Lanka. Pakistan and some of the including Afghanistan. These South Asian countries are characterized by certain economic phenomena which are more or less common. Intermediary might vary from one country to another country but there are certain predominant characteristics that this states are quite common to the different countries. And what are the economic characteristics that really distinguish this South Asian countries from the rest of the world, mostly Western and the American world? The phenomenon quality is predominant to be found in most of these countries. And if you take the total population below the poverty line, more than 50% of the poor people live in South Asian countries. Which India is one of the biggest contributor in that area followed by Pakistan and Bangladesh. And the poor section, which is mostly landless labor small farmer, marginal farmer And one way small section of Darwi population also form a very formidable group of this section. Now, what I'm going to do today is to try to look into the impact of green revolution technology on the poor section of this country. The reason being that the green revolution technology has really raised the hope of the people in this country. They thought that the increase in their agricultural output that is on the account of green revolution technology might percolate might trickle down to the poor section For the landless laborer, in the form of wages. Their wages level will go up their employment will go up for the margin and the small farmer in the in the form of interest, in their income, the farm income and thereby there'll be some improvement in the standard of living, before I do so let me tell you some big development that have come into the development economics of the third countries. No, the so-called idea that if you have economic growth And by economic growth we sincerely mean that if your net income goes up an issue there by if your per capital goes up because the main indicator of economic development is typically the income may go up and what is the share of each person? So what personal per capita income is the major indicator of economic development of any country. And the argument was put forward that if there is an increase in order income given certain economic parameter, given certain economic function this growth might percolate to the poor section of the society. Their income might might go up. Now, you know, the Seventies, if you find that there were certain studies that would fit most of the developing countries by world bank and people associated with the data in countries. In order to see whether this growth which has occurred because of the new technology in South Africa, Greece, Italy, Taiwan and some of the countries of Latin America because it is the Latin American countries which has taken a deep business, taken a indicative some breakthrough in the new technology. Now some of these studies in developing countries found that this assumption is not quite true. That growth might not be sensitive to the removal of the poverty in some of the developing countries as such. Is it possible they could be more smart happen. Now there are two things that I'd like to make clear to you that they also found some of the studies also found that as a result of growth per capita income might increase but it is not necessarily that the poverty will reduce or poor section weaken. And what they found was that in some of the countries like eat up and pay if we take two set of countries, in one particular per capita income is higher. And yet the level of the poverty is higher. In other countries, the level of per capita income is lower as compared to the earlier country and yet the level of the poverty is low. So the increase in the per capita income by you say really cannot ensure you that the poverty even reduced what is important is the distribution of it. You know, the income may go up, but the income of one particular section may go up and others may not. And yet the particular income would show that you are particularly is is increasing. So increasing per capita income is not a guarantee that the, there will be some percolation there'll be certainly increase in the income of poor people. Now as far as the level is concerned the same story happened in case of the growth, I mean, Eema Delmon has worked quite a lot on the developing country he found that taking this out across a section of study he observed that the growth was not associated with all of the power. In fact, what exactly happened was the contrary, He found that when he found, he took the per capita the countries which has shown per capita income, we just showed the growth in the per capita income, quite rapid increase And then he tried to see the per capita income of the 60% poor. I mean, what has happened to them, and he found that their income has declined both to the actual retirement related. And he came to the conclusion that in fact there was using up their income, there was no tickle down on the contrary there was the tickle up. The income of the rich people went up and not of the poor. Now what he found was that in fact he work out certain elasticity what we call the economics that the erosion of the income of the poor people was to the extent to a certain extent that it could take one or two generations to recover to get them to the same level again. So two things were very clear by seventies, early seventies that growth in the per capita income at aggregate level doesn't indicate or will not ensure we not show that the poverty will reduce or the poor section we help unless we have the income distribution unless that income a part of the income part of the growth in the income is also passed on to the poor, to certain matters. Now they also have some sort of the conclusion that why is it that this growth doesn't percolate? Why, why did it not trickle down? to the poor section particularly the landless laborer small farmer the margin farm. And if we talk about of agriculture, what they found that it is not the growth, it is the economic structure of the economy. That the loan population phenomenon. Maybe the growth trickle down whether they meet the income on poor people will determine not by growth as such, but by the very economic structure of that particular country. What kind of technology is used whether it is a labor intensive or labor saving technology, what is the population growth rate of that country? Who participated the growth phenomenon? There is a growth, but who participate? Is there a section where the economic ability to participate in the growth or they're just kicked out of the growth phenomenal. And he did it, the new technology which I talk about later on that if you use it, anybody's income can grow. But what is the use of this good process for your marginal farmer who cannot make use of this new technology? So it depends whether the one particular group has an opportunity has a resource base to participate in the growth process to take the advantage of new technology. So what, what really alternative to determine is this that it is not only the level of growth or level of the economic activity but the character of the economic activity the character of the economic growth definitely determine that if it will help the poor or not. Now, as it is or what you find that by mid seventies by 1970s earlier, then imploding World Bank it heard that, if you go by the trickle down phenomenon then it will take 50 or 60 years to remove the poverty to reach that drop of income to the poor. So then there was a radical change the attitude of World Banks and most of the developing countries, that let growth be there. Let's let us let growth be there because without growth, it is you cannot have development. You have to have the growth. And see who can be help out with this growth. But let us have an independent program of helping the poor. Let's start in planning for the poor quite independent of the economic progress. Give them certain amount of asset. If you have a surplus land, if they are interested in land distribution give them land. Give them other income generating assets, either by giving the financial help or by any other measure, or start a learning program. Now this activity you will find that is out of economic process. He was this is basically so the participation of the government. The government on its own starting public arts program giving financial assistance to the weaker section in order to have some asset, as it might include anything. Art is in class they will do certain financial help to start their business. They might do them buffaloes and livestock industry. So that was one of the approach. Now, what do you find in developing country now that they are going ahead with both the sentences that is of growth wherever possible. When they find that some margin section of the family community if it is assisted to certain financial help then by that help, he can adopt the new technology. Anything coming there can be erased. So the small section was given us certain amount of financial help to the commercial bank and various financial Institute, but to the others who cannot really take advantage of this new technology, they were given employment certain employment programs are introduced. Whether these employment programs they're successful or not we see that. But the things are very clear now that it most of the developing countries now there were two strategy, two types of strategy. The growth strategy and the employment generation strategy particularly focus on the weaker section to increase the income level so that they can afford the participant goes up and they can afford to buy the necessities of life. Now the green revolution technology is basically the growth technology it can increase the level of agricultural production not rapid but soon. But, and this has been certainly proved in most of the developing countries. Now let me discuss very briefly before we go to the type of technology on the poor pre-employment major and labor. Let me say a few things about this, the nature of this green developing technology and how big it is and how big it is and how industrial it is in term of it's impact. Now it has to be certainly quite deep in the sense that and it has to be realistically also in the sense that most of these developing countries, Pakistan, India some of the Latin American countries some of this far distant countries, including Philippines they have been enable to achieve the growth rate agricultural output, which was not possible earlier. For example, Japan has, which is supposed to be one of the very good example of progress at agriculture. Japan could achieve 4% growth rate per annum. 4% growth per annum is something that is really high and which is, really commanding. Because, normally your demand for food in the range of 3% to 2.5% to 3%. And if you're able to achieve that grow rate, supply in the agriculture output much about your demand. Then you are hungry to have a surplus. Now, the green revolution technology was essentially a technology we which increases the yield by the acre. The yield per acre is in the end , Pakistan was almost three times better than the current technology that is why it was part of the sort of revelations. You know, you get five people per acre earlier. Now you get 15 for that. and within three years, farmer find that their yield is increasing four times, three times. So in that sense, it was a revelation for the farmer. It was green revolution in the sense that it includes the yield and increase the total output at a much rapid pace than what you require. Now, most of these developing countries they have been able to achieve this growth rate. India had on the whole achieved 2.5 to 3% on growth. As I guess his demand of tickets in Pakistan had achieved on 4% rate of growth. And the population rate of growth of Pakistan is around three and half percent amazing. It's very high. And yet they were able to supply feed their population because of the green revolution technology. So to that extent, the green revolution technology was helpful in the sense that developing countries could produce to the extent and they could satisfy their demand. There, there, there, the dependence on the important reduce drastic. But as I told you earlier, growth by itself will not ensure that this growth of 4% per annum is going to help the poor. If this technology is going to increase the the wage level, yes it will help the poor. If this technology is going to help in raising the income level of the margin in this small farmer. Yes, it is going to help them. Now let us look into this aspect now have you actually accepted the fact that the green revolution technology has really lead to a substantial increase in agriculture output which has held this country lately. Now, for example, let us take the example of India which I discuss later on, but just to illustrate the point. That till 1966, that is still be green revolution period which started in the mid sixties in most of these countries. In that period we were able to achieve around two to and a half percent rate of growth per annum. Which is alright, but in most of this country by middle mid sixties the most of the cultivable area was exhausted. There was no more area being under conditions. So there is no area to be more more are to bring more area under cultivation. How can you increase your output? The only way to increase your output is to get a higher and higher input, put more input in the same plot of land and get a higher output per acre. That is the only way, and in somehow the green revolution technology bring yield in increasing technology. It increases your yield per acre two time full-time. As a result in the second phase after mid sixties, this country could increase their output by making use of this technology and increasing the production to the early yield expansion because area has almost complete that measure. So it was possible for the most of these countries to increase their output at the same rate, or maybe at a slightly higher rate to the adoption of the green revolution technology which otherwise would not have been possible. I think India would have been in a miserable position had these new technologies be there. So this was a really a positive side but the question is now that why there is no disagreement about the investment nature of this technology. But there's no question that we know now, what is what are the sources of growth? You know, if you want, if we want to increase our output we know that we should have fertilizer we should have irrigation put together in the form of package, extension service, credit support. So sources of growth as far as sources of concern and there's no disagreement about that. There is a major amount of this disagreement, as far as the impact of green revolution technology on the income distribution and both section on the countries is concerned. And quite a bit of this activity exists in most of these factors. Now there are two perspectives. Let me put before you this 2 perspective before I go to India and Russell, certainly some samples. Now, as far as the impact of the invention technologies is concerned we can very easily see, although there are various opinions as such. We can easily see that there are a group of people who could be described as technocrat. And there are others who exactly the, the, the the footfall that women are exactly opposed to the technology that they are. They can be described most of them, they can be described as a reformist. Although there are a lot of variation in this group but what is the general agreement of these two group of people? Now, the technocrats really believe, and they are good. That green revolution technology not only leads to higher level of income, but it can also lead to increase in the income of the poor people, relatively poor. It can help with the margin farmer, it can help to the small farm and their income can also go up. And I, I discussed the argument of this proposition. And it can also increase the increase employment and real wages of the labor, agriculture, less labor. And to that extent, it can help to the poor section of the community agriculture community. Also, in addition to the large and the small farm. Now, what is there argument? Now the argument is like this that there are certain technical characteristics of the green revolution technology which can favor new and emerging farmer. Now, what is green revolution technology really sits at the top? Now the green revolution technology is basically of two type what is what we call the biochemical technology which include get package of HYG seed, fertilizer, and pesticides, and water. Now you should remember, that you cannot get a good result unless you're using packet. If you use irrigation or loss you can't get reset because we had irrigation since like a hundred year or 50 years. If you use fertilizer alone without using it, you see you cannot get the result. They try, but if you use this in combination then you get a very good result. So it was a package. It was a package of certain input. If you used in a certain combination applied scientific knowledge, your output can go up. The other fleet of new technology was the medical technology which is to be seen here in the United States of America. You tractor, use of partial in use of harvest combiner, use of spare irrigation of N E mechanization of mitigation structure. So the mechanical integrity was the other component of this new technology. Now, as far as technology was concerned that they know they're that he does two important features. One is that it is size neutral. What do we mean by this size neutral? No signs of neutrality in technical sense it means that any farmer can use it, size doesn't determine construct a small farmer can use it. Why you sit in this block size, doesn't make any constraint. Either. He's a smaller, large farm. He can use the fertilizer and he can use the irrigation or large farmer can use. So size doesn't become a constraint. So if you have money to invest in this input you can certainly use it as again, the mechanical technology mechanical technology is basically size biases. It is only the large farmer who can use it technically because it required a large piece to make use of tractor, and you require money, so both in financing and technical term mechanical technologies size bias. But the biochemical technology, according to this growth is the size neutral. And to that extent it can help marginalize a small farm. Number one, number two, they say that the new technology has proved to be labeled at solving techniques. It required more of labor than The traditional one. It has a mode of labor per acre or on on annual basis. So at least to increase employment. And it helps to the labor landless than otherwise because there's a lot of unemployment. There is a lot of underemployment is and unemployment in this country. And the moment you introduce this technology and it require more of labor. Profit intensity can grow. I mean, unlike USSR, we have three crops we have to crops. And if you have an irrigation you can afford to take three crops. You can afford to take two block, but two blocks. So if in a traditional context if you are taking two crops at one crop and now you take two crops with the new technology because you didn't eat is going up. Then the demand for the labor, will might shoot up, like anything. So their argument was that it is not only the smaller margin and farmer who can make use of it but even the landless laborer can benefit out of it by increasing employment and by increasing wage labor. And as a result this might use the poverty and the, the proportion of the poor people can dictate about the poverty line. Now it's sort of exactly a positive argument was made by the farmers. Those who disagree talking to them of institutional Ireland. Now then basic argument is that the new technology maybe size neutral. Anybody can use it in this particular sign, but it is not resource neutral. What do we mean by that? Now the new technology, according them, that is true that it required a lot of capital. It is a capital intensive project. In traditional technology you have your own seed, you have your own manure you have your wooden plow. And so nothing has to be brought from the outside with little low cost in any marginal dependence on the market for the purchase of input. But as far as the new technology is concerned. The most of the inputs they are, they originate in the scale sector. That you have to buy them buy these inputs from the outside. It may be a HY seed, which is expensive one. In the beginning, of course you have to buy chemical fertilizer from outside. If you have irrigation of your own fine but still you have to buy the electricity and other things. You have to dig the well you have to have two well. So it require a lot of capital of the biochemical technology required a lot of working capital because you know, the seed fertilizer you will be require on any one business. Now biochemical technology require a lot of working capital as again this mechanical technology require a lot of fix state. If you want to use, if you want to have a two way without continue selling technology, well you have to have some fix in this. If you want to buy a tractor you have a fixed investment you want to buy a Tasha, you have a fixed investment. So the demand on capita is much higher, both in term of working capital and internal fixed scale. Now their argument is this resource neutral technology in the sense that it is the large farmer. We have a lot of the sources of his own, and that he can also borrow. He can afford to borrow from the outside finance from commercial bank on board. And he has a better access to the financing Institute with institution as in the smarter and emerging farmers simply because he is a powerless element because of this lack of resources, he did not be able to accept and use. He would not be able to purchase and use this technology and make use of his income, or his total income will not be as high as that of large farmer, because he will be constrained to use this technology because of lack of resources. That is one argument that first year we didn't see what what exactly has happened in India and some other countries. But let's start with what are these are. Another that argument of this department, was that the why the biochemical technology is labor absorbing it require more of labor in order to use more of it. the why the mechanical technology has exactly opposite characteristics the mechanical technology displace labor. If you use more of a tractor in bullet park, then you are displacing not only labor, if you're mechanizing if you're mechanizing your irrigation structure, you are displacing growth power. You are displacing manpower and you are really applying the mechanical power. So the mechanical technology has gotten labor displacing effect. Now increasing employment on the counter by technical technology if it is large enough so that it can compensate for the fall in the employment because of mechanical technology. Then it's alright if the net impact of use of both this technology is positive then you saw that employment will go up. But in case the negative impact of mechanical technology is stronger than the positive impact of biochemical technology. The net impact will be a fall in the unemployment and their argument was that it is the medium and the large farmer who are adopting this biochemical technology to a large extent. It is this farmer who are mechanizing their operation to a greater extent, and that is true. So in that case, their argument was that there wouldn't be a substantial increase in the liberal party or liberal assumption. Unemployed. It might lead to unemployment and supply is more demand is less wage level will go down. Employment will go down, even will replace the wage. And it might lead to misery rather than increasing the level of the people. Now, this exactly opposite arguments what was given by the reformist. Now reformist refer to all sorts of people but more systematic argument is given. If you look into the literature and literature in the Latin American countries, this kind of argument that use of mechanical technology and biochemical technology because of its very nature might lead to inequality in income distribution, the small farmer wouldn't be able to accept those use this input because he won't have resources, his productivity with the lower dose, go down if the biochemical technologies associated strongly with mechanical technology, employment will increase unemployment will bet there wage level will be depressed. Now this argument is of course made much more systematically. And in, in a former day by the most of the masses, right any day. now these writers mostly draw upon the writings of some of the very prominent writers of Marxists or the key. For example, Waterski rule applied the Marxist principles capitalist development to the agriculture. or lady who wrote the book Development of Capitalism in Russia long back in 1890. And you've got to ski a lady in fact wrote this book or exactly the same period, 1890. Now most of these arguments that are, you find this in books. These are the arguments which are really picked up by most of the masses structured in India and put forth in the form of this argument. That the it is in the very nature of the technological change that when there is a commercialization of agriculture so when there's a capitalization of agriculture. The agriculture commercialize It is the large farmer because of his resource position because of his size is able to get certain economic advantage, both respond. He'll be able to adopt this technology at a much higher level. His net income will be higher than the net income of the small farmer. He will be able to sell at a lower price than the small farmer. As it is or what we happen and their basic argument is this which we really examine the trunk. The basic argument is this as you have a capitalization of agriculture there is a commercialization of the agriculture. The smallest part farmer is put in a much more disadvantages position. He's having the natural. He cannot compete with the large farmer as such. And the large farmer intern will turn into a sort of marginalized element. He would be able to compete with the large farmer and he would be under a lot of economic strain and tendency will be he either will try to sell his land and turn into a wage labor. If he has a good opportunity or he will continue with the agriculture but we look for certain kinds of supplementary income. Now in brief, you know, the argument is that there may be a polarization in the green economy. The largest farmer because of its strong position and because that he gives the economics of scale with the mechanical technology required more of land he will acquire more and more of land from the small farmer. And you find that the polarization with takes place, the classical argument the masses is that that you will find a class, which is which will emerge without any means of production. They will lose their control. The means of production, the land and the land will transport to the large farmers. The polarization we humans get sad, or what is, what, what what they call it, the different specialty, basically as so we were thinking in mass of labor force without much of employment, unfortunately and this might be misery, but this is the argument which is far more systematically brought out by this. Now let me know after having laid down this theoretical argument let me now go to Indian situation because one can talk about Pakistan one can talk about Bangladesh, but you know the economic development process in developing countries so complex that if you want to make certain arguments, it's very difficult to make generalize the economic situation. Most of these countries, because internal situation and why one might say that there are certain typical economic characteristics of most of these developing country. Yet you find that each country is experiment of economic development. So I'd like to draw a certain examples from Indian situation and we'll see what is the impact of the India revolution on the poverty and poor in Indian situation we basically look into the, the, these two, two situation two arguments that are put forward by these two group of people and see as to what is happening in, in situations. We will also draw a circle example from the Pakistan and from Bangladesh. Now, as far as India is concerned there's new technology made a direct through somewhere around mid 60s. And we did three, four year I mean I have certain charts, but I did not show that chart because when like any in Pakistan, wonderful Strong hold of revolution in Pakistan and sorry in Punjab Haryana and not Western part of India. The output from mystic sixties after three years in peace at the rate of around 5 to 6%, which is a remarkably high growth, which has not been, I mean, you find a really good example and that is why the people started talking about the revolution as such. Now this was confined mostly to North Western Number one, irrigated track and confined to wheat and grass. It was not a certificate in revolution which was extended to all crop, but by now you find that India has got a far more decentralized research structure. And we have developed high variety of not only beef rice but and sugar cane and cotton. So we have practically most of the crops. Now you find either of hiding right in nature or of impropriety nature. So India has been able to achieve, as I told you earlier because of this green revolution technology a growth rate in the extra two, two and a half percent to 2.3% and this growth, it was very, very impressive. Not from the point of view of the, if you if you take the other developing country if you see the longterm that rate of growth these two two and a half percent or 3% growth rate of India was quite impressive. But let me make one point that by new 60 or before may 60 situation was absolutely misery, I mean, we depend on the US like anything for food supply. And that was one of the reasons why we went big big for these new technology. By mid 60s, entire cultivatable area was brought under cultivation. No hope you could not increase your output as by increasing the area under cultivation. But despite that, despite of that handicap you find that after 1960s, we have been able to maintain that growth rate of two and half percent today. And by 1985 in 86, I would talk to production is something like one 50 million STEM as against 54 million in 1950, it was a big jump. And by 1985 or 86, we are not importing at all. We are on the country exporting marginal amount. So that has been the biggest achievement as far as Indian agriculture and impact of technology is concerned. We are self sufficient now but the question is now that the major question that remain that we can take, certainly and you can certainly take proud and say that we are self independent. As far as the food supply is concerned, we can feed our population. We need not depend outside. And we have developed a very stable agriculture in spite of any infatuation and all that. I do not know whether you are aware of it. One year before we had the worst famine of the century and people do not know the world. Because we had 29 million ton as a buffer stock with the government. And we could distribute that buffer stock with a different part of the country where there was an incidence of famine. Why the famine of 1943, everybody knows. So we have given the stability the agriculture structure whereby we can feed ourselves. But the question that I is in the beginning that what has been the impact of this emission technology on the board. because if this technology is not helping to the poor section, if if we are not able to remove the growth and poverty. And for that matter, even in Pakistan, Bangladesh to the to this green revolution technology, then we are somewhat troubled because growth, if there's a growth and growth it can help to the small section of the people then the problem demands how to solve it. Growth by itself cannot take the care of the people as such. Now let me look into some of the status and look into the both arguments. Now there are two approaches that we can see the impact of the new technology or see the impact of the growth. That why we have been able to achieve this growth rate of two and a half percent per annum, but on the whole the total agriculture production, the NDP that is left that is domestic product has increased by about 95%. And yet you find that we have a substantial section of the poor people in India. In spite of this rapid growth the poverty has not come down to a certain extent. The party has reduced but it has remained at the high level. I have the data, but I would not like to take time because I do, I think I need to fast, now only one point I that the people have tried to look at this situation in two way. Seeds the studies of poverty has come in India, in Pakistan, in Bangladesh for that matter in most of the developing countries. And what do they do is there's a particular definition of poverty that if a particular person is able to get certain amount of food which can give him a certain amount of calories and that calories can maintain as biological element then we can see that he's above the poverty line. He's able to make it. So it is the definition of poverty line is in terms of calories in text. And then you come through from consumption. That what is the amount of income that you require in order to buy that basket of articles which will give you a minimum amount of calories? It doesn't include fuel, it doesn't include housing. It doesn't include clothe. Just the minimum food requirement that you required as such. Now series of studies you have, and there's a lot of controversy. The controversy is on two points. One is that the, you don't have enough data. You don't have comparable data to see the changes. So there are probably with the definition of the data there a problem with the time VA. So what cannot be the, if you take the results which are based on the data assess but yet that is the only source on the base of which the economics going in India and they are outside as such. But one point is very clear. That point is that there has been a decline in the level of the poverty in India in Pakistan and in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh story is different, the poverty has gone up, but in Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka the poverty ratio has declined. Now, there is a difference of opinion as far as India is concerned and even a different of opinion as far as Pakistan is concerned. The gender even in India seems to be that the poverty has declined, say from 46% to 44% demand has initiated the study on poverty. Which imagine the poverty has declined. So the important point that one has to take is that the poverty ratio it has declined marginally but the ratio is still very high, you have a rapid growth. And yet you have the last section of the population which is below the poverty line. He's not able to consume and get enough of these things. Now they can be the disagreement on that to some extent but the other way to do care, the problem because there are problems with poverty ratio Other ways we could look at these that identify the poor section and see what had happened them. Now most of the studies identify small farmer marginal farmer laborer, and wage laborer because wage labor a small farmer, maybe a wage laborer, but also, you know they should do it's cultivation. he can work on the fields to supplement his income. So what has happened to the marginalized and the small farmer to the wage laborer, and to the landless laborer. By looking at the composition by looking at the standard of living of this group, this group of people you can certainly then see what has been the impact of green revolution technological growth in some of these vulnerable section of the rural society. Now, let me give a certain amount of statistic which we really pose before you the problem that we are facing in developing countries. Let us forget the demographic pressure as such. In most of these countries, the population is going at the rate of 2% and two and a half per cent per annum. Butt he labor force of this population the labor force is increasing at the rate of around 2% per annum. But the employment is not keeping pace with the labor force as it is what you find that the unemployment remains and the unemployment is going up. So you find that is a disparity between the supply of labor force and the demand for the labor force as far as the labor statistic is concerned. So the unemployment ratio gives you an indication that we have not been, although we have been able to control the unemployment some estate but the rate of unemployment is still going up. And then it is getting from what four and a half percent by 7%, it has not declined in Pakistan. It does not decline in Bangladesh it is gone now, but there are two more characteristics that we should remember. And those characteristics are that while the proportion of self-employed plot that is cultivated. Those, we have some means of production. That proportion is declining time. People are tending to lose control over their land. They are not selling self-motivated or self- employed. In term of their own means of production. That ratio is going down. While the proportion of wage labor is going up. Within the wage labor, not only that the wage the proportion of his labor is going up, but the proportion of casual labor is going up. The you have the categories of permanent labor and the casual labor the casual of the labor workforce is going as equity in most of these countries, including India. Now, this is this being situation. What happened? What is the argument that has been made by the most of the people Those who are, who argue that the technology can help the poor their argument is that yes there is a substantial amount of power in this country but the reason is not that the technology is to be blamed. The reason is that the growth of the expansion of technology is not enough. Number one, number two, that the population has grown at such a rate, that we are not able to maintain the rate of growth of agriculture. Even if say at the rate of 2% per annum your population is also going at the rate of 2% per annum, your per capita, you can remain constant whatever increases during the output that is determined by the increased population. The standard of the adjusted population remains constant. There is nothing to trickle down. So their argument is that it is not that the technology is not increasing now but there has been a growth, but the book is being eaten away by the additional increase in the population. So that is the argument that has been given by the the explanation for the stagnation of the poverty of your margin or decline of the poverty is given population pressure as such. Now on the contrary the reformist would argue that that is not what has been really happening. What is happening in India is that the technology by its very nature, itself it is affecting the poor section in adverse manner. Now their argument is this, the argument that we have already repeated is that in India in about 60 to 70% of the total farmer as a small farmer. And they hold a very small proportion of the land as such. So what do you have is the predominance of smaller marginal farmer last time or a smaller number but they have large amount of area to cultivate. Now, given this evergreen structure, given this distribution of land, what happens is that it is the large and the medium farmer who has access to the new technology. He has a credit, he, the skill he has the knowledge he has is he has access to the extension. So it is the large and marginal farmer who really benefit out of this technology and he gets more. Number one and the small farmer doesn't is not help much because he doesn't have access to this new technology. Now this has been approved by some of these studies that yes the new technology is not really helping much to the small and marginal farmer. The reasons are as following before the mid 60s what you find is that the the productivity of smaller farm or the net income on the small farmer, it was higher than the large farmer, for a variety of reasons because in traditional agriculture it is the labor which is very important and small farmer has got a family supply, family labor. He cannot afford to have labor force either in the family cause he need come. So his output was larger than of the large farmer and get higher output so his output more than the large farmer. Now after getting technology what has happened is that this has reversed now the large farmer who could not get this output but at a higher speed as compared to the small farmer simply because he depends on how outside labor force and that cost him. Now, what is happening is that he not he not only use higher amount of basic technology biochemical technology, but now he can substitute labor for the mechanical technology and get higher up output. So he's dispensing the labor. He's going for mechanical technology in term of tractor in term of harvest combiner in term of varieties of implement. And this is dependent on the labor force and getting high output. So now the relationship the university setting that we all said earlier the small farmer getting higher output per acre than the large farmer is reverse now It is the large farmer who is getting higher net income as well as total income as a result of this new technology. So small farmer is reduced to a certain amount of miserable position as a result of the result of new technology. Now what has happened to the this is the story of the small farmer, what has happened to the labor force because the argument is that they labored the agriculture labor, they lack resources they lack land and they cannot take advantage of new technology but it does increase the employment. They can certainly be benefited to increase in the wage and increase in the employment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112374#t=0.0,2715.79429"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e India, Except certain part of India,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=6.55,8.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is Punjab, Haryana,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=8.84,9.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you find that technology's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=9.91,12.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"making certain amount of impact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=12.37,14.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What has happened is that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=14.25,15.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except this region, certain region,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=15.083,17.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the real wage has remained constant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=17.32,19.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has not increased much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=19.25,20.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rapidly it has, but even somewhat, remained constant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=20.61,22.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In of the rest of the part of the India,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=22.95,24.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the real wage has really gone down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=24.78,26.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Number one, so we do not have a sufficient evidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=26.94,29.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to show that the real base has gone up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=29.91,31.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of new 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mechanization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=73.318,76.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what you find is what is the argument of these people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=76.73,80.389"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they didn't have sufficient statistical evidence to 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farmer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=85.488,86.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply because they did not have resources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=86.72,88.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to use this technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=88.62,90.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The laboring class has been held","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=90.53,92.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a certain extent in certain part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=92.76,94.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but not in all region, as such in the beginning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=94.39,97.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, there was increase in the real wage as 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find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=100.417,103.714"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the wage labor is not going down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=103.714,107.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Employment continuously going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=107.21,108.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down as a result you have more of employed people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=108.77,112.432"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now let me summarize, I think I have taken a lot of 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.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=132.709,135.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That population pressure is certainly there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=135.54,138.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The population is growing at a much rapid 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reduce.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=149.99,153.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you find that the population pressure is still there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=153.77,156.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These very population pressure is increasing the 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quality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=161.558,163.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what we, what you hear is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=163.973,165.476"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the population pressure really create the last chunk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=165.476,168.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of smaller and marginal farmer, per capita and returns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=168.317,173.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But having 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farmer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=181.283,183.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"increasing the pressure on the land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=183.59,185.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the same time, after the mid 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level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=203.318,205.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in terms of increasing the employment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=205.197,208.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there are one or two point that I would like 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happening?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=221.993,224.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The prices of land it's actually gone up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=226.1,229.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he productivity has gone 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farmer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=244.154,246.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's not able to cultivate the land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=246.373,247.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it requires a lot of 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land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=254.562,255.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now this indicate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=255.98,256.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the reverse tendency, the tendency is 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up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=262.499,264.854"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the hand of large farmer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=264.854,266.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It may not be in the form of 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restrictions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=269.542,271.972"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from side of the government to own certain amount of land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=271.972,274.822"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there are no restriction on renting and renting out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=274.822,277.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the small farmer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=277.31,278.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the economic pressure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=278.16,279.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are certainly leasing out the land,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=279.247,281.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as a result, you find that the concentration of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=281.42,283.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"operation holding is these coming up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=283.6,285.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So small farmer under the economic pressure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=285.48,287.858"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tend to loose control over his land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=287.858,289.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and polarizing process seems to be adjusting down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=289.38,293.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, let me make the last point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=293.87,294.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then I think stop 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whole","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=300.583,303.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let's put this whole situation together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=304.78,308.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it has been increasing the output","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=310.61,312.457"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in agriculture production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=312.457,313.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"increase in the agricultural output.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=313.29,316.234"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"95% goals some thirty-five years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=316.234,321.234"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the labor force employed in agriculture has not reduced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=321.503,325.689"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Agriculture employed around 6 66%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=325.689,327.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the labor force in 1950","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=327.81,330.196"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it employed 63% in 1981.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=330.196,331.596"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There have been a growth in agriculture output","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=334.05,336.588"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the labor force employed in agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=336.588,338.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has always remained constant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=338.287,339.384"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a result the per capita income remain constant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=339.384,342.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the per capita income remain constant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=342.12,343.911"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it doesn't mean that the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=343.911,344.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"per capita income of all the section remain constant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=344.853,347.311"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the income of the large and a small farmer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=347.311,348.905"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went up and that a smaller and marginal farmer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=348.905,350.941"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has remain constant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=350.941,352.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, they are figure, we can indicate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=352.83,354.559"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the share of the labor in total output has gone down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=354.559,358.356"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the classical model, still, that doesn't matter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=358.356,360.886"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, along with the economic development, that is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=360.886,363.642"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is what happened","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=363.642,364.475"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they will tell you that yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=364.475,366.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as there is increase in the economic growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=366.33,369.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The share of agriculture income goes down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=369.237,372.521"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and share of industry goes up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=372.521,374.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But at the same time, the employment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=374.35,375.959"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in agriculture goes down and employment industry goes up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=375.959,378.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is what has happened here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=378.49,380.495"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have 70% of the population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=380.495,381.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here in agriculture long back 70 year before or so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=381.937,384.722"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now you have 3% in America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=384.722,385.555"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Agriculture contributed to a small percent of income","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=386.858,389.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is industry not agriculture respond to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=389.557,391.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that has been the classical pattern everywhere","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=391.66,393.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the role of agriculture get 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synchronized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=398.847,401.412"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what is happening in most of the developing countries?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=401.412,403.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is very 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this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=407.003,409.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that while the income share of industries is going up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=409.23,412.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that of agriculture going down in the total income","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=412.35,414.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"industries contributing more of labor more of income","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=414.947,417.846"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the total but it is not giving it is not absorbing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=417.846,420.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"additional labor force that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=420.86,422.008"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that existed in agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=422.008,424.341"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In India, the manufacturing sector","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=425.63,428.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is supposed to review employment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=428.143,430.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the manufacturing sector employed 10%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=430.08,433.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the total workforce in 1951 at 9%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=433.21,436.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in 81 it only employed only 10%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=436.38,438.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His income share has gone 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labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=445.243,447.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is the whatever decline offered in agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=447.26,449.454"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has happened simply because of unorganized sector.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=449.454,451.812"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unorganized employment has increased from 50 to 23%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=451.812,455.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so whatever decline was there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=455.34,456.608"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was there from agriculture to non-agricultural","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=456.608,457.968"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was absorbed by a unorganized sector","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=457.968,459.826"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not by organized sector.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=459.826,460.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I am trying to emphasize on you I this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=460.923,463.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there has been a growth in the industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=464.77,467.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it has been a capital-intensive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=467.477,470.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the beginning most of the European countries and mostly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=470.877,472.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American situation is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=473.066,475.019"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the beginning you have the capital","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=475.019,476.724"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and labor intensive growth and gradually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=476.724,478.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the innovation then you switch to the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=478.3,481.025"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"capital intensive technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=481.025,482.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But most of the development that they gets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=482.63,484.686"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their ready made labor intensive technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=484.686,486.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Europe and Americans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=486.13,487.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so they mechanize their operation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=487.83,489.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They capitalized the industrial sector","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=489.67,491.312"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more rapidly than what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=491.312,492.841"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the western countries have to reincur.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=492.841,495.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they are doing it at a wrong time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=495.24,497.455"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do you find that industry output is going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=497.455,499.948"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without generating additional amount of employment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=499.948,504.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In agriculture, although late, there also the use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=504.017,507.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the use of machinery coming out very fast","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=507.413,509.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of employment is taking reduced as such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=509.74,512.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what do you have essentially is the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=512.18,514.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"capital-intensive road without providing a certain amount","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=514.9,518.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of employment to the people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=518.81,521.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you find that the government want employment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=521.04,523.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then the proud of poverty remains.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=523.363,526.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me call the figures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=526.03,526.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then I can, I can stop","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=526.863,529.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because these are quite interesting figure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=529.15,532.161"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that our agricultural production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=532.161,533.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has increased per capita.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=533.507,535.302"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you take total agriculture output","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=535.302,536.818"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and divided by the population,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=536.818,538.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the per capita output is 200 kg in food production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=538.193,543.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is a very big satisfying figure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=543.15,546.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But our consumption level is 185 kg.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=548.233,551.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you had a higher amount of output available with you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=552.07,554.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"India has got embarrassing stocks preferred stock.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=554.66,557.641"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"29 minutes done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=557.641,560.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what do you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=560.66,561.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"200 kg per capita when the 185 kg","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=561.62,563.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you might say that they are satisfied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=565.92,567.387"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they are satisfied for consumption needs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=567.387,568.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they don't need anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=568.86,570.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you see that there are 42% of the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=570.53,572.401"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who do not have enough of food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=572.401,574.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What does that mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=574.07,575.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That simply that you have the production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=575.35,577.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the capital-intensive technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=577.85,579.927"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't generate employment, you don't do money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=579.927,581.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you don't do purchasing power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=581.88,583.544"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there are people who do not have money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=583.544,586.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who do not have employment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=586.01,586.884"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who don't have purchasing power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=586.884,587.842"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they can't buy the increasing production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=587.842,589.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You may have increased production to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=589.143,590.784"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"use of machinery and use of labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=590.784,593.191"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you have the production, but you don't have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=593.191,594.896"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the employment enough employment to generate income","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=594.896,597.316"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be given to the laborer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=597.316,599.181"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they don't have purchasing power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=599.181,600.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the consumption remain at the low level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=600.86,604.917"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The income elasticity of consumption","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=604.917,607.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for food is supposed to be 0.03.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=607.313,609.371"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What does that mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=609.371,610.462"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That if there's a 1% increase in the income","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=610.462,612.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"demand for food consumption, increase by 0.03.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=612.61,615.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While it should be 0.05","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=615.91,618.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for most of the developing countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=618.03,619.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it is basically a demand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=619.707,621.864"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What Kane talk of, deficiency of demand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=621.864,624.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That you don't have enough of demand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=624.12,625.942"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You had a depression in 1932","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=625.942,628.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you don't have enough of demand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=628.63,629.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although you have a production to capitalization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=629.72,632.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the process, but you don't have a demand simply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=632.137,634.695"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you don't have the employment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=634.695,635.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you don't have purchasing power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=635.73,638.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that is the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=638.01,639.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that most of the developing countries, we have it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=639.263,642.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem is that we know how growth can be achieved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=642.41,646.384"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had the satisfactory goals rather in market growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=646.384,649.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this growth has not tickled down to the poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=649.167,651.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, they are waiting for 35 years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=651.53,653.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up to see that some rate of growth will come down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=653.21,656.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=656.41,657.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=657.503,660.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I just have a couple of comments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=673.827,676.725"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, you talk about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=676.725,678.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inputs of green evolution fertilizers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=678.367,682.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but ask what about now? That","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=684.09,688.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the new highly is required","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=689.508,692.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it isn't always, it isn't easily part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=692.45,694.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of that small farmers and this high yielding plants are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=694.83,699.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hybrids that cannot be used more than, you know, well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=699.66,703.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they are plants and can't be used again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=703.873,706.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think that perhaps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=707.43,708.406"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the biggest comments I have to make that continually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=708.406,710.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through your speech here in 1989","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=710.843,713.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you kept saying the farmer, he, he.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=714.253,717.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When in fact over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=717.4,719.312"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have read over and over again for 60% of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=719.312,722.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"food produced in Asia, is grown by women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=722.373,726.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that might be one of the problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=726.56,728.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that she just did not get on at all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=728.45,730.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within this whole, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=730.71,732.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from what you discussed tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=732.383,735.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What comes to mind that when I think of women growing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=736.754,740.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of the food in China and in Thailand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=740.61,742.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the implements that you mentioned to me seeing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=744.41,746.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, perfect capitalist problem are masculine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=746.95,750.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that they're made for men with men in mind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=750.4,753.461"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then they are extended by men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=753.461,755.288"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then there is again small farmers in Asia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=755.288,758.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are women, and most of large farms are men","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=758.77,762.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then it's again, when you say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=762.42,765.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the number of small farmers is increasing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=765.13,768.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Asia and in women in particular.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=768.18,770.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, I don't have any experience in India","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=770.81,773.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I can help at think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=773.88,775.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"throughout the rest of Southeast Asia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=775.62,777.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mostly small farmers are or might be women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=777.28,781.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that this is probably a big 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assume","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=788.545,792.191"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the farmer is a he and even talking to them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=792.191,797.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you speak to an audience, let's say you're on a 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villagers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=799.883,802.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you're speaking like your were tonight saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=802.41,803.926"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the farmer he.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=803.926,805.559"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there are women in that group who are also farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=805.559,808.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they were because you are 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in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=839.93,842.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how much amount of fertilizer to be used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=842.23,844.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it's phosphate or potash","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=844.11,846.771"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or other kinds of fertilizer to be used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=846.771,849.645"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which kind of ready to be used.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=849.645,851.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I mean which soil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=851.01,852.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what are the number of (indistinct) if there is the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=852.52,855.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"specific pesticide then this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=855.54,856.945"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the specific pesticide to be 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position","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=930.96,935.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he large farmer has higher level of education","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=935.22,938.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only that in the (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=938.36,940.081"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but his education level is higher.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=940.081,942.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he's able to hear the input for physical knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=942.383,945.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which he can make use of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=945.83,946.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than as compared to the small farmer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=946.78,950.124"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this is one way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=950.124,951.299"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think most of the developing countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=951.299,953.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I tried to take care of this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=953.09,955.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aspect, to decentralize system of extension.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=957.79,961.748"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It may not be on a food scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=961.748,963.278"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It may not be a very good system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=963.278,965.531"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but certainly we at least in India","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=965.531,967.127"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have very large decentralized system of extension.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=967.127,971.164"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only phenomena is the (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=971.164,973.772"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As far as your the second question is concerned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=973.772,975.405"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think I agree with you that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=975.405,977.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I was talking about household","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=977.407,978.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm talking of farmer, I'm talking of he farmer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=978.48,981.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am talking of family unit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=981.55,982.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e But still you said he.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=982.7,984.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me try and clarify that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=984.32,985.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well I agree, I agree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=985.91,988.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are slightly changed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=988.9,990.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we in India we are trying to change from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=991.57,995.276"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chairman to chairperson and in every area now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=995.276,998.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are trying to make a change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=998.4,999.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I must ac I must accept that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=999.6,1002.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there has tremendous growth of women studies in India.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1002.58,1005.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have, simply we have studies of woman studies in Delhi.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1006.398,1010.049"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where this phenomena has been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1010.049,1011.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have become quite aware that among the labor force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1011.91,1016.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the 50% of the labor force comes from the females fork.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1016.447,1019.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their productivity may be higher","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1020.551,1021.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but their wage level is immutably every study shows that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1021.977,1024.385"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the wage level of the female fork is low.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1024.385,1026.462"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In addition to female you have the chain labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1026.462,1029.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a growing phenomenon that is coming up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1029.877,1032.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some of these countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1032.31,1034.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the nutrition level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1034.19,1036.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we found that the consumption","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1037.285,1038.475"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the women is low than the the men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1038.475,1041.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The woman being the mother being sick","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1041.093,1043.378"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) of the child","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1043.378,1045.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then second of his husband","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1045.2,1047.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and whatever the second element is there is her consumption.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1047.14,1050.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that area has really been it's coming up as such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1050.65,1054.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I quite agree with you that, you 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invisibly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1058.59,1061.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in term of what internal consumption level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1061.69,1064.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and similarly other needs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1064.46,1066.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there in India I must tell you that there's a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1066.45,1068.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tremendous recognition of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1068.03,1069.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have, you know, especially, you will find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1069.73,1072.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there are a number of women organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1072.49,1076.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mostly organized by the left-wing parties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1076.22,1078.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Delhi and around other areas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1078.81,1081.101"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have been very, very active as a natural and minimal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1081.101,1083.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And whenever there is some kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1083.31,1084.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of issue there that they are very conscious about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1084.84,1088.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I just wan to raise I mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1091.06,1092.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make some comments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1092.58,1093.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1093.413,1094.246"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The first one has to do with the model","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1094.246,1096.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you use in the basis of your speech.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1097.5,1099.906"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1099.906,1100.739"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In that model, most model appeal to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1102.756,1105.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the labor force in India are predetermined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1107.43,1110.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poverty in the model that you use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1112.349,1114.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is an assume thing, I mean, it must result","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1114.4,1117.957"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from that model.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1117.957,1120.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see previously model that does not have property","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1120.757,1123.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there would be no problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1123.123,1124.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there's no model that will wipe out poverty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1124.353,1128.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All models can do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1128.33,1130.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is reduce the effect of poverty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1131.33,1135.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So given that basic assumption, I mean, to try","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1136.94,1140.501"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to fight poverty in the system that you are using","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1140.501,1142.809"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in modern title, already believes that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1142.809,1146.628"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is a consequence of the application of that model.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1146.628,1149.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seems to be very hard task to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1149.533,1152.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1152.41,1153.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And you see, if you use the classical model","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1153.243,1156.629"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it assumes poverty, there is no question about that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1156.629,1158.752"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it must be for the poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1158.752,1160.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How poor is the poor going to be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1160.51,1163.281"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the question we are fighting about now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1163.281,1165.329"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it doesn't mean that there won't be poor people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1165.329,1167.538"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The model assumes, what if humans exists, that's number one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1167.538,1171.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Number two","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1171.33,1172.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"poverty is defined or seem too narrow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1173.018,1175.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is not lack of money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1175.8,1178.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is lack of power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1178.13,1179.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the result of poverty is that of money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1180.91,1183.834"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But lack of poverty is not lack of money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1183.834,1185.689"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that of power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1185.689,1187.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean if you put people who you are talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1187.16,1189.868"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are asked, they would turn things around","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1189.868,1193.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would be capable and so on and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1193.38,1197.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The point I'm trying to say is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1197.27,1198.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"poverty is really institution in mental state,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1200.67,1204.955"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is lack of power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1204.955,1206.345"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And every societies tend to have those set of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1206.345,1211.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to justify the existence or to build on his own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1211.33,1214.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me give you an example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1214.367,1215.918"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the process of production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1215.918,1218.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you reward workers differently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1218.02,1220.458"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what do you mean more capital more than labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1220.458,1224.542"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This are the problem and is a result of poverty itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1224.542,1227.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have capital land and so on and so forth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1227.55,1230.164"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you don't improve on their productivity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1230.164,1232.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or if you drew, you pay more attention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1232.31,1234.698"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the level of capital","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1234.698,1236.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you may not labor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1236.45,1237.472"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is why you have learned labor and laborers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1237.472,1239.987"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's another comment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1239.987,1240.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you have to be very careful about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1240.82,1243.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The model assumes poverty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1243.98,1246.588"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is why its a joke","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1246.588,1247.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we can't grow we can't distribute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1247.81,1249.635"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so let us grow first,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1249.635,1252.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we grow enough we can then we can talk about money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1252.093,1253.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about how to distribute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1253.547,1255.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while by the time we are growing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1255.89,1257.232"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some people are already distributing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1257.232,1259.182"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1259.182,1260.015"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e So by the time you come to the process of distribution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1260.015,1262.869"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have more poor people around you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1262.869,1265.191"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this is a result of model","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1265.191,1266.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is not as simple as the property","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1266.45,1268.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then is defined too nowadays.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1268.34,1270.582"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is that of power in India over there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1270.582,1272.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e May I please, now you know, I quite agree with you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1272.81,1276.795"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think I could not make, I mean, not cover so many points.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1276.795,1277.737"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, nobody denied that in most of these 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that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1287.135,1289.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deals with poverty or poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1289.08,1290.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The basic phenomenon of poverty is the lack of 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income","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1308.947,1311.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the land being the major asset","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1311.23,1312.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this area is said is equally distributed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1313.93,1316.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in most of this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1316.6,1318.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the poverty has a root economic poverty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1318.07,1321.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the economic power of a certain, the community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1321.7,1325.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is the distribution of 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production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1335.39,1337.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"namely the land that around 60% of the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1337.33,1341.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either they do not have a land, or even if they have a land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1341.69,1343.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are a very small amount of land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1343.84,1345.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So these are the people without any resource resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1345.73,1348.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is the basic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1348.677,1349.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reason as to why they are poor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1349.627,1351.292"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are not able to take advantage of this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1351.292,1353.754"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever kind of growth that you are going to visualize.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1353.754,1356.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'm the remedy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1357.94,1360.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are several remedies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1360.45,1361.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am not touch upon the remedies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1361.92,1363.338"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have only analyze the whole situation because given","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1363.338,1365.924"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given the land distribution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1365.924,1366.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given the unequal land distribution, you are imposing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1366.767,1369.605"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they do listen technology on this aggregate structure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1369.605,1372.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is his implication for income distribution of poor?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1372.96,1376.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are alternatives. I mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1376.0,1378.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the policy implications are evolving","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1379.436,1380.857"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for heavy land reform","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1380.857,1381.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have equal distribution of land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1382.96,1384.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if not equal distribution of land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1384.46,1385.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but have certain radical land reform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1385.81,1387.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You give land a certain section of the community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1387.41,1390.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You put the city and that is what has been done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1390.68,1393.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But land reform has a strong political economy aspect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1393.17,1396.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, you cannot really have a radical land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1396.47,1398.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reform given the political structure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1398.66,1400.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean land reform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1400.94,1401.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1402.78,1403.696"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What has been done investment of workers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1403.696,1405.576"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Has there been any impact in this land reform?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1405.576,1408.079"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1408.079,1411.469"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I am told it has been done, or it is being done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1411.469,1413.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well as far we had two way of land 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Tennessee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1437.57,1440.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the proportion of penalties is pretty large","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1441.393,1444.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the land distribution is highly 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economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1453.89,1456.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but at the same time, they didn't have enough, right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1456.777,1460.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In spite of the fact that the land may make a 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time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1464.43,1465.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can get the ownership of the land,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1465.85,1467.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was difficult to give him the 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thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1473.82,1476.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But now what is called operation Baglal in Bengali language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1476.4,1481.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That the first 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.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1489.849,1490.682"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once you identify them, once you've registered it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1490.682,1492.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you lose them certain amount of right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1492.543,1494.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You make an owner or you do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1494.65,1497.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah. You make them a secular tenant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1497.48,1499.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think radical land reform","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1499.78,1501.166"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is going on we are yet to see the result on 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industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1517.702,1520.252"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Policy will sometime encourage capital intensive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1523.21,1525.661"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to corporate with the western countries and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1525.661,1530.661"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the growth in the manufacturing exports,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1530.79,1534.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be one kind of symptom affecting the export 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(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1543.366,1545.382"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"point out in the secondary sector","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1545.382,1547.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1547.5,1548.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know about India that why I was curious about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1548.96,1550.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is the main manufacturing export growth 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highly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1558.367,1560.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's it use experiences in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1561.95,1564.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"protection against 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of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1572.223,1574.931"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have policy protection policy as a matter of fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1574.931,1578.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have our own industries, basic 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such","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1598.91,1603.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as against India, Pakistan has done much better to begin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1604.76,1608.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with it being a small country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1608.66,1609.901"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are little of resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1609.901,1611.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have these small engineering 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free","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1617.382,1618.987"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at 1% growth rate in the population and the labor force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1618.987,1621.898"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have been able to solve their problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1621.898,1624.498"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we to begin with, we wait for the capital-intensive, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1624.498,1627.839"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in term of export, we are getting some benefit out of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1627.839,1631.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e So I a big country like India","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1631.05,1632.478"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I suppose it's much domestic competition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1632.478,1634.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1634.727,1635.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e But we are only 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that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1640.21,1642.481"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will just come to you in a minute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1642.481,1644.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are only worried on account that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1644.29,1646.656"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you classify the industry to two sectors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1646.656,1649.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two sub-sector and unorganized sector,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1649.44,1651.479"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they organized sector which is a manufacturing sector.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1651.479,1654.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this manufacturing sector is income share","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1654.41,1656.685"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is certainly going up at a very rapid rate 4%, 5%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1656.685,1660.468"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They may be different of opinions on that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1660.468,1662.446"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the labor (indistinct) has been proposed, of course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1662.446,1665.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"absolutely it has gone up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1665.83,1667.235"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It has gone up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1667.235,1668.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah in absolute term is there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1668.21,1670.008"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but if you take the total workforce in India","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1670.008,1672.975"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and take it as a hundred total workforce in India","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1672.975,1676.246"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"manufacturing used to employ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1676.246,1677.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something like 9% in 1951 and in 1981 it employed only 10%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1677.66,1682.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. So you can see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1684.28,1685.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the proportion term the labor absorption capacity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1685.34,1688.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the manufacturing sector has been almost constant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1688.777,1692.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, there has been a decline in the employment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1692.77,1695.731"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the agriculture sector by 3%, 3 to 4%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1695.731,1698.948"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that all decline has one to the unorganized sector","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1698.948,1702.525"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a small informal sector as such where there is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1702.525,1706.155"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a labor intensive to some certain extent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1706.155,1709.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but where the labor wages are pretty low in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1709.267,1711.461"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unorganized sector where labor expansion is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1711.461,1715.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"far more organized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1715.13,1717.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that we are really worried, I mean the policy maker","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1717.06,1721.221"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are also worried what do we do about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1721.221,1724.052"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That, even the non agriculture sector is not able to absorb","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1724.052,1724.885"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the urban unemployed, what if we talk of rural unemployment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1727.252,1730.528"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In a lot of countries, there's a sort of protection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1730.528,1732.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards a very capital-intensive time imported technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1732.83,1736.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it seems to me that, you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1736.7,1739.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's just not a curse and substitution from yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1739.89,1742.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That is what exactly happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1742.61,1744.749"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't see how these things can go unless","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1744.749,1747.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the complimentary that's the secondary second thoughts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1747.21,1750.411"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the labor from the actual labor force.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1750.411,1754.054"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't see how you have this process raising wages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1754.054,1759.054"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in low income waste right away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1759.364,1762.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I quite agree with you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1762.19,1763.518"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is what exactly happened because there was a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1763.518,1766.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of protection to the Indian manufacturer yes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1766.68,1769.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but now you find that there is a fair 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up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1778.96,1781.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the distinction on the private sector","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1781.49,1784.489"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been reduced quite a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1784.489,1785.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in licensing and attacks and whatnot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1785.51,1787.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let us see, what is the impact of that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1788.71,1790.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to our section of the economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1790.73,1792.348"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, please.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1792.348,1793.761"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I was really curious when you said (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1793.761,1798.761"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You can repeat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1800.592,1802.535"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You said before that economic reforms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1802.535,1805.785"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not that different in India","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1809.944,1810.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has very excellent extension program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1810.777,1812.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And back in the 60s you used to have extension workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1812.667,1816.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were active in India especially in Punjab.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1816.204,1819.082"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1819.082,1821.339"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e These workers is poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1821.339,1823.339"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And they worked in conjunction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1825.588,1827.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with your extension program so I was curious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1827.107,1831.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how much influence is born to western nation have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1831.29,1836.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the green evolution technology and how devising","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1837.294,1841.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know that they were there but I was really curious as to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1841.613,1845.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you've been talking about poverty being lack of resources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1847.336,1851.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do they impact (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1851.693,1853.688"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Ooh yes. It is a very interesting question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1853.688,1856.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in fact, somewhere around early 50s a gene of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1856.79,1861.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the present HY rice was imported from Japan in (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1861.901,1866.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A gentleman called Bolac.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1867.646,1870.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He made a successful attempt and the variety was developed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1870.18,1874.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the order of 18,000 tons high relative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1874.6,1878.719"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of wheat was sent by government of India.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1878.719,1881.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was taken to India institute of agricultural research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1881.9,1886.574"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Might claim the agriculture technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1886.574,1888.122"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cannot be straight away transported and he has to be denied.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1888.122,1891.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a matter of fact, we have a fairly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1891.14,1893.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extensive research network as such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1893.02,1895.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So some of this varieties were tested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1895.21,1897.219"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in India agricultural research Institute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1897.219,1899.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have a concept agriculture research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1899.43,1902.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then varieties of agricultural university","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1902.443,1905.336"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and agriculture research Institute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1905.336,1907.676"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A gentleman from one of the Institute, is sitting here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1907.676,1910.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there was a lot of research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1910.9,1912.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this technology basically came from outside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1912.34,1915.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the other question, which is very important is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1915.58,1917.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that what has been the role of outside countries?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1917.153,1920.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I will say that it is the United States of 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1951.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1928.187,1931.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Team was invited from USA to look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=1931.07,1935.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the food problem of 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where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2106.1,2108.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rich farmer has the capital","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2108.84,2110.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to guardians fluctuations in the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2110.66,2112.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He can buy the new age and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2112.33,2114.142"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or she can buy you a, so I just think that's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2114.142,2117.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2117.333,2120.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I think another dimension yet increasing production go...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2123.888,2128.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No I quite agree with you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2130.357,2131.587"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean I quite agree with you that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2131.587,2134.202"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one thing you must remember","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2134.202,2135.679"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in the, in the beginning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2135.679,2138.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is what happened in the beginning of demand, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2138.407,2143.074"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were depending on the outside world for food","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2144.843,2147.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we don't have a guarantee that you will get hit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2148.95,2151.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So irrespective of the side effect the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2151.25,2153.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the farmer goes for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2154.69,2156.587"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you serve a variety of seeds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2156.587,2158.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply because of income as such","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2158.76,2160.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He doesn't bother much about, he or she","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2162.43,2165.562"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"circumstance of other ecologic effects are concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2165.562,2170.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But understand one thing, we developing country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2170.427,2173.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are relatively in a better position","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2173.063,2174.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in one way that we can learn in advance from you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2174.67,2177.636"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That what has been the impact of HY fertilizer on the soil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2177.636,2181.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what has been the impact of excessive irrigation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2181.283,2183.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the salinity of the soil and other things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2183.75,2186.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we can be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2186.0,2186.958"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can take certain precautions well in advance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2186.958,2190.931"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as impact of this HY technology is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2190.931,2194.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2194.313,2196.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that we are doing the right thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2196.02,2199.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I want to say, in to some extent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2199.197,2201.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2201.553,2202.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and represent diversity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2202.867,2204.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"India is, in India is a center of genetic diversity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2208.94,2213.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) on the world and one of them includes India.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2216.118,2219.552"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2219.552,2221.269"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Explain genetic diversity, there...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2221.269,2224.352"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You have given a, a very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2229.27,2231.437"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dramatic discussion of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2237.244,2239.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is happening in India particularly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2239.74,2242.771"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it seems to be within a given economic system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2242.771,2247.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I don't see a way out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2247.38,2248.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only way out if you've mentioned is agrarian reform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2250.73,2254.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which I would suggest may something that you wish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2255.52,2259.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Definitely, obviously we distributed, wealth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2259.77,2262.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we distribute power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2262.89,2264.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but if you still have a capitalist agricultural system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2266.02,2269.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once you eventually get back to where you are now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2269.97,2274.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you may level the playing field by agrarian reforms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2276.09,2281.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But as long as the, the, the system continues to function","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2283.687,2288.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a mass function, eventually that ended up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2288.52,2292.256"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the same playing field as you had before, more or less","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2292.256,2295.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very wealthy farmers large scale versus a small market","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2295.93,2300.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of farmers on the other side, if that is all you do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2300.493,2303.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I think you have made a very interesting point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2305.31,2307.731"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be really fair","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2307.731,2308.615"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have not touched on the policy issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2308.615,2310.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I was trying to really do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2310.23,2313.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to study the impact of growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2313.28,2315.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on is on the poor sections.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2315.7,2318.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I quite agree with you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2318.04,2319.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are two situations here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2319.803,2321.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, in India, we have tried land reform measures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2321.703,2325.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have not been successful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2325.73,2326.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very successful on sitting on that holding and tendency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2326.87,2329.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we have been fairly successful as far","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2329.44,2331.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the removal of landlord is in his concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2331.11,2333.521"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Isaminory system which was there before 1950","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2333.521,2337.081"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have to totally eliminate the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2337.081,2338.728"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"landlord and the revenue collecting system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2338.728,2341.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a nice system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2341.203,2342.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I don't think there's any hope","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2342.89,2344.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as part of the land is concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2344.093,2346.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, we have tried and we have tried","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2346.35,2347.647"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there is no possibility now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2347.647,2350.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, even if you take any particular later","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2350.19,2352.214"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you want to distribute the land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2352.214,2353.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the per capita land will be less than half an acre.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2353.78,2356.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there is no scope of land for measures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2356.17,2359.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what has been happening now is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2359.01,2360.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that immediately proceeds is on this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2360.81,2362.954"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I come to the substantial point later on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2362.954,2365.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the major point is this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2365.937,2368.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we should really, we should try to see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2368.33,2371.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we should discourage the mechanical technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2371.07,2373.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is what government is trying to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2373.34,2375.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to changing the factor prices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2375.02,2377.099"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"putting the restriction on the tractor and other fix.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2377.099,2379.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is one 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intensive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2382.84,2384.801"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which will absorb more of labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2384.801,2387.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you have a model of agriculture development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2387.13,2389.902"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which generate more of employment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2389.902,2392.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by restricting the adoption","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2392.77,2393.958"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of mechanical technology as such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2393.958,2395.658"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that is what the government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2395.658,2397.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of India is at the moment doing, you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2397.713,2399.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you might see another way of liberating in India.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2399.367,2402.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now they are switching more to eastern India.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2402.21,2403.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eastern India has got a much better integration resources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2403.693,2407.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much better site, and much better other fascinating details","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2407.07,2410.218"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out model agrarian structure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2410.218,2412.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I has certain element of semi legalism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2412.623,2414.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concentration of land, tenancy advanced tenancy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2414.84,2419.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but now 7-5 planning for season in Eastern India.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2419.16,2421.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you might see that the output","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2421.58,2423.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of rice might go rapidly in India as such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2423.42,2425.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we might be exporting that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2425.61,2427.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So now the focus is that you introduce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2427.33,2429.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"green revolution technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2429.283,2430.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is level yourself is number one number.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2430.22,2432.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Number two they know that the, in spite of that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2432.49,2436.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the employment generation will not be enough to absorb","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2436.08,2438.106"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the addition increase in the labor force.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2438.106,2440.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that you are a secondary sector is not able to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2440.86,2443.038"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provide them the employment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2443.038,2444.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is why most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2444.373,2445.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these countries, Pakistan, Bangladesh, including India","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2445.49,2447.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have introducing very mass scale program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2447.77,2451.052"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of employment generation by 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it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2479.51,2482.179"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So outside the system, you go for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2482.179,2483.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How long you can 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There is no other alternative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2512.113,2514.248"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the given political system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2514.248,2515.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You might go for collective 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producing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2523.998,2525.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the intention of generating profit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2525.57,2528.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the reformist argument is 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agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2533.125,2534.859"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tendency of polarization begin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2534.859,2536.929"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no way out, and you see in US","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2536.929,2539.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because small cannot survive in front of large","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2540.23,2543.828"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they have economic 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stress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2548.593,2550.948"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/978","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the process they tend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2550.948,2552.212"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/979","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to loose the control of the land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2552.212,2553.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/980","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there is concentration of land in the hands of the few","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2553.98,2556.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/981","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you will have the polarized 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a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2564.3,2566.294"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basically opposed to this, this program of asset creation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2566.294,2569.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, you are giving money to buy a 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loan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2588.412,2589.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/996","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2589.62,2590.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/997","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what has been happening is that there's a diversion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2590.453,2591.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/998","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this production load to the consumption, and eventually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2591.57,2594.489"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/999","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are indented and rather benefiting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2594.489,2597.804"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1000","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you find that they are in a different position.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2597.804,2601.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1001","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they see that this giving some help to the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2601.68,2606.031"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1002","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the small farmer is not going to help","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2606.031,2608.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1003","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are going to wipe out in, on, on slot (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2608.54,2611.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1004","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What you need in basically you get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2612.866,2614.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1005","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"give the people employment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2614.17,2615.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1006","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the certain changes in the agriculture situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2615.87,2620.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1007","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that is that, that is certainly going to be there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2620.09,2623.519"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1008","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I agree with you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2623.519,2625.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1009","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I missed the answer, good capitalism, this entity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2625.64,2630.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1010","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"real big farmers going to drug bars, apartments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2630.36,2633.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1011","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We went up, what's the answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2633.05,2635.671"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1012","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What does the market suggest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2635.671,2638.025"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1013","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (indistinct) You have the whole of China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2638.025,2641.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1014","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will go for a collective farming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2642.67,2645.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1015","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, the interesting thing is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2646.666,2647.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1016","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that as far as the agriculture is concerned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2647.81,2650.219"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1017","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and even in communist country, you find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2650.219,2651.799"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1018","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there are a lot of variations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2651.799,2653.784"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1019","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You take Hangerian and you take Poland","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2653.784,2655.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1020","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"area of private agriculture in the communist society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2655.557,2658.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1021","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In China they had a collective farm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2658.26,2659.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1022","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they didn't go for a collective farm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2659.71,2661.564"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1023","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the very beginning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2661.564,2662.522"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1024","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they started with cooperating at the resource level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2662.522,2664.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1025","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They went for the collective farming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2664.54,2666.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1026","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And after having tried the collective farming for some time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2666.67,2668.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1027","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now they have business division,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2668.94,2671.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1028","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are more basic cultivation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2671.017,2673.831"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1029","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Israel for example, it is a democratic country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2673.831,2675.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1030","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they have this collective farming (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2675.617,2678.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1031","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the cooperative farming in this year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2678.59,2681.469"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1032","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Russia they are doing some sort of a pilot farming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2681.469,2684.542"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1033","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the point is that there has been a difficult sector","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2684.542,2688.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1034","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either to organize on a collective farming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2688.07,2690.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1035","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or on certain other basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2690.28,2692.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1036","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the alternatives are there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2692.12,2693.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1037","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, if you have a large number of small farmer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2693.61,2696.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1038","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you have the alternative that you can go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2696.04,2698.379"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1039","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a collective fund.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2698.379,2699.212"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1040","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We tried in India.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2699.212,2700.529"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1041","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, in, in, in early 50s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2700.529,2701.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1042","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2702.883,2704.931"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1043","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sent a team to China to study the...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=2704.931,2707.023"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25496/annotation/1044","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/496/original/AV203852_Ag_In_India_and_Asia_b.vtt?1620308325","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/496/original/AV203852_Ag_In_India_and_Asia_b.vtt?1620308325"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25497","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203852_Ag_In_India_and_Asia_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375/transcript/25497/annotation/1045","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- India, Except certain part of India, that is Punjab, Haryana, where you find that technology's making certain amount of impact. What has happened is that, except this region, certain region, where the real wage has remained constant, it has not increased much rapidly it has, but even somewhat, remained constant. In of the rest of the part of the India, the real wage has really gone down. Number one, so we do not have a sufficient evidence to show that the real base has gone up, as a result of new technology. Number two that, in the beginning the employment as it peaked, as it is the impact of bio chemical technology, but in the later stage you will find, that the employment is going down, in most of these technologically advanced areas, simply because, now they are using more of mechanical technology, more of tractor, more of harvest combiner, more of crushers. As a result the employment, employment per record is going down, in most of these areas. There are figures, there are employment elasticities, which are showing that the employment, is gradually, going down. I mean this will happen. And in most of the countries, where there is a mechanized, this should happen. but in India, it has come at the wrong time. We need employment now and here the farming community with going for mechanization. So what you find is what is the argument of these people? And they didn't have sufficient statistical evidence to show that that the green revolution has not benefited emerging the small farmer, simply because they did not have resources to use this technology. The laboring class has been held to a certain extent in certain part but not in all region, as such in the beginning. Yes, there was increase in the real wage as such. And you find certain improvement the standard of living in Punjab, but in rest of the part you find that the wage labor is not going down. Employment continuously going down as a result you have more of employed people. Now let me summarize, I think I have taken a lot of time. I summarize it in five minutes. What we favor on the basis of this certain amount of statistics? I think what is what exactly has been happening is as follows. And this is the process that is, that is that is to be found in most of the developing countries as such . That population pressure is certainly there. The population is growing at a much rapid rate. The labor force is growing at a much rapid pace and we have not been able to increase the employment in relation to the supply of the labor force as a result employment reduce. So you find that the population pressure is still there. These very population pressure is increasing the number of the small farmers to subdivision and fragmentation of quality. So what we, what you hear is that the population pressure really create the last chunk of smaller and marginal farmer, per capita and returns. But having said that the population based patient has its own role in marginalized in the rural community in creating more of small and marginal farmer increasing the pressure on the land. At the same time, after the mid 60s what you find are the new technology which was expected to be scale neutral which was supposed to be the employment, which was real wages it has not really shown him very, very strong positive impact on this poor section of the economy. In terms of increasing the income of the small farmer in term of increasing the real wage level or in terms of increasing the employment. Now there are one or two point that I would like to put forth before you that because of the commercialization and the capitalization of the agriculture in some part of this country you see a process of polarization coming up in Pakistan in India. Now, what is, how is it happening? The prices of land it's actually gone up because he productivity has gone up. Now small farmer is not ready to sell the land because land is a very important commodity. He's not ready to forgo his land but they certainly there's a pressure on him. So what we find is that the small farmer is leasing off a certain amount of land to the large farmer. He's not able to cultivate the land because it requires a lot of capital. So he prepared to come to a partial landless laborer and rent out this land now this indicate that the reverse tendency, the tendency is going from the small farmer to the large farmer. The concentration of land is coming up in the hand of large farmer. It may not be in the form of ownership but it is certainly in the form of operational holding because there are restrictions from side of the government to own certain amount of land. But there are no restriction on renting and renting out. Now, the small farmer because of the economic pressure, are certainly leasing out the land, and as a result, you find that the concentration of operation holding is these coming up. So small farmer under the economic pressure tend to loose control over his land and polarizing process seems to be adjusting down. Now, let me make the last point and then I think stop here because it has been quite complex affair. What has been happening as agriculture as a whole let's put this whole situation together that it has been increasing the output in agriculture production increase in the agricultural output. 95% goals some thirty-five years, but the labor force employed in agriculture has not reduced. Agriculture employed around 6 66% of the labor force in 1950 and it employed 63% in 1981. There have been a growth in agriculture output but the labor force employed in agriculture has always remained constant. As a result the per capita income remain constant. Now the per capita income remain constant, but it doesn't mean that the per capita income of all the section remain constant the income of the large and a small farmer went up and that a smaller and marginal farmer has remain constant. In fact, they are figure, we can indicate that the share of the labor in total output has gone down. Now the classical model, still, that doesn't matter. I mean, along with the economic development, that is that is what happened because they will tell you that yes, as there is increase in the economic growth. The share of agriculture income goes down and share of industry goes up. But at the same time, the employment in agriculture goes down and employment industry goes up. That is what has happened here. You have 70% of the population here in agriculture long back 70 year before or so. Now you have 3% in America. Agriculture contributed to a small percent of income It is industry not agriculture respond to. So that has been the classical pattern everywhere that the role of agriculture get reduced in term of employment, as well as inter income. But this, this seat has to be synchronized. Now, what is happening in most of the developing countries? This is very surprising that you don't find this classical model being there. What is happening is this that while the income share of industries is going up and that of agriculture going down in the total income industries contributing more of labor more of income to the total but it is not giving it is not absorbing additional labor force that that existed in agriculture. In India, the manufacturing sector which is supposed to review employment the manufacturing sector employed 10% of the total workforce in 1951 at 9%. And in 81 it only employed only 10% His income share has gone up. Manufacturing is contracting larger share of income. But it is not absorbing labor, it is the whatever decline offered in agriculture it has happened simply because of unorganized sector. Unorganized employment has increased from 50 to 23% so whatever decline was there was there from agriculture to non-agricultural it was absorbed by a unorganized sector not by organized sector. What I am trying to emphasize on you I this, that there has been a growth in the industry but it has been a capital-intensive. In the beginning most of the European countries and mostly American situation is that in the beginning you have the capital and labor intensive growth and gradually with the innovation then you switch to the capital intensive technology. But most of the development that they gets their ready made labor intensive technology from Europe and Americans. And so they mechanize their operation. They capitalized the industrial sector more rapidly than what the western countries have to reincur. So they are doing it at a wrong time, What do you find that industry output is going without generating additional amount of employment. In agriculture, although late, there also the use the use of machinery coming out very fast of employment is taking reduced as such. So what do you have essentially is the capital-intensive road without providing a certain amount of employment to the people. So you find that the government want employment and then the proud of poverty remains. Let me call the figures. And then I can, I can stop because these are quite interesting figure that our agricultural production has increased per capita. if you take total agriculture output and divided by the population, the per capita output is 200 kg in food production. and that is a very big satisfying figure. But our consumption level is 185 kg. So you had a higher amount of output available with you India has got embarrassing stocks preferred stock. 29 minutes done. So what do you have? 200 kg per capita when the 185 kg you might say that they are satisfied that they are satisfied for consumption needs so they don't need anymore. But you see that there are 42% of the people who do not have enough of food. What does that mean? That simply that you have the production to the capital-intensive technology. You don't generate employment, you don't do money you don't do purchasing power. So there are people who do not have money who do not have employment who don't have purchasing power and they can't buy the increasing production. You may have increased production to use of machinery and use of labor. So you have the production, but you don't have the employment enough employment to generate income to be given to the laborer. And they don't have purchasing power. So the consumption remain at the low level. The income elasticity of consumption for food is supposed to be 0.03. What does that mean? That if there's a 1% increase in the income demand for food consumption, increase by 0.03. While it should be 0.05 for most of the developing countries. So it is basically a demand What Kane talk of, deficiency of demand. That you don't have enough of demand. You had a depression in 1932 you don't have enough of demand. Although you have a production to capitalization of the process, but you don't have a demand simply because you don't have the employment you don't have purchasing power. So that is the fact that most of the developing countries, we have it. The problem is that we know how growth can be achieved we had the satisfactory goals rather in market growth but this growth has not tickled down to the poor. I mean, they are waiting for 35 years up to see that some rate of growth will come down. Thank you very much.\r\n\r\n- I just have a couple of comments. First of all, you talk about inputs of green evolution fertilizers but ask what about now? That the new highly is required but it isn't always, it isn't easily part of that small farmers and this high yielding plants are hybrids that cannot be used more than, you know, well that they are plants and can't be used again, but I think that perhaps the biggest comments I have to make that continually through your speech here in 1989 you kept saying the farmer, he, he. When in fact over I have read over and over again for 60% of the food produced in Asia, is grown by women. Now that might be one of the problems. I think that she just did not get on at all within this whole, you know, from what you discussed tonight. What comes to mind that when I think of women growing most of the food in China and in Thailand. And the implements that you mentioned to me seeing you know, perfect capitalist problem are masculine in that they're made for men with men in mind and then they are extended by men. And then there is again small farmers in Asia are women, and most of large farms are men And then it's again, when you say the number of small farmers is increasing in Asia and in women in particular. And again, I don't have any experience in India but I can help at think throughout the rest of Southeast Asia. Mostly small farmers are or might be women. And I think that this is probably a big verse that you didn't touch on at all. And I think that maybe you should be more conscious of you know, when you speak it's not to say the farmer he, because we can't assume that the farmer is a he and even talking to them you speak to an audience, let's say you're on a film. You're speaking to a group of small farmers or a group of villagers. And you're speaking like your were tonight saying the farmer he. But there are women in that group who are also farmers because they were because you are addressing as the farmer he, they are under the impression that you don't think their role is important. So I think that the very important issue to, to think about.\r\n\r\n- Okay let me get your first problem of the role of knowledge and in the adoption of new technology. The new technology, in fact, require new knowledge. I mean, you cannot help and you cannot go ahead with the new technology with the traditional knowledge. So you have to have new knowledge as such in how much amount of fertilizer to be used whether it's phosphate or potash or other kinds of fertilizer to be used which kind of ready to be used. And I mean which soil what are the number of if there is the specific pesticide then this is the specific pesticide to be used. And give the large amount of illiterate farming the role of education is very important, but you know you cannot really then wait for the literacy level to go up and then introduce the new technology. Now in India, most of the developing country they have tried to take care of this phenomenon by having a fairly decentralized system of exchange. So what you have is basically, for example you have a target, which is a 200 year country. You have the extension office there and there is a large number of extension worker and extension officer. They are supposed to go to the villages and through the network of village, the village level you have less of a chance at giving the society what they want. It is the extension worker we supposed to go there and help the help the farmer in educating them as to how this taking this technology should be used. Now, it sounds like wage, whether the small farmer and the marginal farmer has got access to this extension worker or not. And I think that there's a problem there, the large farmer, who has got a better access with the power better access with this network. He's able to get more benefit out of the extensive network then the small farmer to some extent. Number one position, number two is still in better position because he large farmer has higher level of education not only that in the but his education level is higher. And he's able to hear the input for physical knowledge which he can make use of than as compared to the small farmer. Now this is one way, but I think most of the developing countries I tried to take care of this aspect, to decentralize system of extension. It may not be on a food scale. It may not be a very good system but certainly we at least in India we have very large decentralized system of extension. The only phenomena is the . As far as your the second question is concerned, I think I agree with you that when I was talking about household I'm talking of farmer, I'm talking of he farmer. I am talking of family unit.\r\n\r\n- But still you said he.\r\n\r\n- Let me try and clarify that, Well I agree, I agree we are slightly changed we in India we are trying to change from chairman to chairperson and in every area now we are trying to make a change. But I must ac I must accept that there has tremendous growth of women studies in India. We have, simply we have studies of woman studies in Delhi. Where this phenomena has been we have become quite aware that among the labor force the 50% of the labor force comes from the females fork. Their productivity may be higher but their wage level is immutably every study shows that the wage level of the female fork is low. In addition to female you have the chain labor, which is a growing phenomenon that is coming up in some of these countries. And the nutrition level we found that the consumption by the women is low than the the men. The woman being the mother being sick of the child And then second of his husband and whatever the second element is there is her consumption. So that area has really been it's coming up as such. I quite agree with you that, you know within the household, also, women are subject to some kind of discrimination, unknowingly invisibly in term of what internal consumption level and similarly other needs. But there in India I must tell you that there's a tremendous recognition of this. We have, you know, especially, you will find that there are a number of women organization mostly organized by the left-wing parties in Delhi and around other areas. They have been very, very active as a natural and minimal. And whenever there is some kind of issue there that they are very conscious about that.\r\n\r\n- I just wan to raise I mean, make some comments.\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- The first one has to do with the model what you use in the basis of your speech.\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- In that model, most model appeal to, that the labor force in India are predetermined. Poverty in the model that you use is an assume thing, I mean, it must result from that model. You see previously model that does not have property there would be no problem, but there's no model that will wipe out poverty. All models can do is reduce the effect of poverty. So given that basic assumption, I mean, to try to fight poverty in the system that you are using in modern title, already believes that it is a consequence of the application of that model. Seems to be very hard task to me.\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- And you see, if you use the classical model it assumes poverty, there is no question about that it must be for the poor. How poor is the poor going to be, is the question we are fighting about now. But it doesn't mean that there won't be poor people. The model assumes, what if humans exists, that's number one. Number two poverty is defined or seem too narrow it is not lack of money. It is lack of power and the result of poverty is that of money. But lack of poverty is not lack of money is that of power. I mean if you put people who you are talking about are asked, they would turn things around they would be capable and so on and so forth. The point I'm trying to say is, poverty is really institution in mental state, it is lack of power. And every societies tend to have those set of people to justify the existence or to build on his own. Let me give you an example, in the process of production, you reward workers differently what do you mean more capital more than labor. This are the problem and is a result of poverty itself. You have capital land and so on and so forth but you don't improve on their productivity or if you drew, you pay more attention to the level of capital that you may not labor that is why you have learned labor and laborers. that's another comment that you have to be very careful about. The model assumes poverty, that is why its a joke If we can't grow we can't distribute so let us grow first, if we grow enough we can then we can talk about money about how to distribute while by the time we are growing some people are already distributing.\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- So by the time you come to the process of distribution you have more poor people around you. So this is a result of model it is not as simple as the property then is defined too nowadays. it is that of power in India over there.\r\n\r\n- May I please, now you know, I quite agree with you I think I could not make, I mean, not cover so many points. I mean, nobody denied that in most of these countries you look into the world back before or you look into any studies that deals with poverty or poor. The basic phenomenon of poverty is the lack of resources lack of income, generating a safe with a certain section of the community. I mean in rural areas in agriculture the major source of poverty is the equal distribution of income. The land being the major source of income the land being the major asset and this area is said is equally distributed in most of this country. So the poverty has a root economic poverty the economic power of a certain, the community. It is the distribution of land and other assets that generate the political power that generally other, other, other power also. But since you don't have a command or the certain means of production, which is a predominant means of production namely the land that around 60% of the people either they do not have a land, or even if they have a land they are a very small amount of land. So these are the people without any resource resources. And that is the basic reason as to why they are poor they are not able to take advantage of this whatever kind of growth that you are going to visualize. So I'm the remedy. There are several remedies. I am not touch upon the remedies. I have only analyze the whole situation because given given the land distribution given the unequal land distribution, you are imposing they do listen technology on this aggregate structure. What is his implication for income distribution of poor? There are alternatives. I mean the policy implications are evolving for heavy land reform have equal distribution of land if not equal distribution of land but have certain radical land reform. You give land a certain section of the community. You put the city and that is what has been done. But land reform has a strong political economy aspect. I mean, you cannot really have a radical land reform given the political structure. I mean land reform. Yes.\r\n\r\n- What has been done investment of workers? Has there been any impact in this land reform?\r\n\r\n- I am told it has been done, or it is being done.\r\n\r\n- Well as far we had two way of land reform one we have land reform of 1961. There were many problems in that we may implement in 1971 and tried cover up. But by the time, you know, the lot of adjustment has already made, but has this is he gone but information and it's been gone has gone recently for a fairly radical land reform in Tennessee in the proportion of penalties is pretty large because the land distribution is highly unequal it used to be an, as it is, as a result the large farmer lease land to this small farmer and the dinner. SO the penalties are becoming a section of the economy but at the same time, they didn't have enough, right. In spite of the fact that the land may make a provision that if you are a tenant, if we can prove it that you are tilling for some time, you can get the ownership of the land, but it was difficult to give him the land making the owner, firstly that he didn't have enough resources to buy that second thing that he could not fix this code and other thing. But now what is called operation Baglal in Bengali language. That the first thing what they are done is that to identify share part first. So you, you, you know that this is the quantity of the share property of the tenant . Once you identify them, once you've registered it then you lose them certain amount of right. You make an owner or you do. Yeah. You make them a secular tenant. So I think radical land reform is going on we are yet to see the result on that. We are yet to see the result of that. Many tenants have been given ownership and security as such.\r\n\r\n- In lot of sometimes there are protection policy in secular and semi-secular, which is designed to protect the domestic industry. Policy will sometime encourage capital intensive to corporate with the western countries and so on. And the growth in the manufacturing exports, will be one kind of symptom affecting the export sectors of these countries which would be some indicator of point out in the secondary sector for agriculture. I know about India that why I was curious about. What is the main manufacturing export growth experience? Or what has been the, what are the common chances in India toward other countries highly what's it use experiences in terms protection against domestic manufacturing matters of fact.\r\n\r\n- We did have 12 year protection of we have policy protection policy as a matter of fact We have our own industries, basic industries a lot of protection. And another industry giving a lot of protection And one of the reasons why we capital-intensive technology has come but not, I think we are now increasing trying to, we are benefiting out of that and our export is growing up mostly electrical, enlightenment, like engineering, as such as against India, Pakistan has done much better to begin with it being a small country. They are little of resources. They have these small engineering sector and we did labor-intensive. So they have in spite of free at 1% growth rate in the population and the labor force they have been able to solve their problem. But we to begin with, we wait for the capital-intensive, but in term of export, we are getting some benefit out of that.\r\n\r\n- So I a big country like India I suppose it's much domestic competition.\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- But we are only worried. I mean, I think that at this company .\r\n\r\n- We are only worried, I mean I will repeat that I will just come to you in a minute we are only worried on account that if you classify the industry to two sectors two sub-sector and unorganized sector, and they organized sector which is a manufacturing sector. Now this manufacturing sector is income share is certainly going up at a very rapid rate 4%, 5%. They may be different of opinions on that. But the labor has been proposed, of course absolutely it has gone up.\r\n\r\n- It has gone up?\r\n\r\n- Yeah in absolute term is there but if you take the total workforce in India and take it as a hundred total workforce in India manufacturing used to employ something like 9% in 1951 and in 1981 it employed only 10%. Okay. So you can see that the proportion term the labor absorption capacity of the manufacturing sector has been almost constant. Now, there has been a decline in the employment in the agriculture sector by 3%, 3 to 4% that all decline has one to the unorganized sector which is a small informal sector as such where there is a labor intensive to some certain extent but where the labor wages are pretty low in unorganized sector where labor expansion is far more organized. Now that we are really worried, I mean the policy maker are also worried what do we do about it. That, even the non agriculture sector is not able to absorb the urban unemployed, what if we talk of rural unemployment.\r\n\r\n- In a lot of countries, there's a sort of protection towards a very capital-intensive time imported technology. And it seems to me that, you know that's just not a curse and substitution from yeah.\r\n\r\n- That is what exactly happened.\r\n\r\n- I don't see how these things can go unless the complimentary that's the secondary second thoughts on the labor from the actual labor force. I don't see how you have this process raising wages in low income waste right away.\r\n\r\n- I quite agree with you. And that is what exactly happened because there was a lot of protection to the Indian manufacturer yes but now you find that there is a fair amount of legalization under the new prime minister the whole seeds of legalization has gone up and the distinction on the private sector has been reduced quite a lot in licensing and attacks and whatnot. Let us see, what is the impact of that to our section of the economy. Yes, please.\r\n\r\n- I was really curious when you said\r\n\r\n- You can repeat.\r\n\r\n- You said before that economic reforms it's not that different in India has very excellent extension program, And back in the 60s you used to have extension workers were active in India especially in Punjab.\r\n\r\n- These workers is poor.\r\n\r\n- And they worked in conjunction with your extension program so I was curious how much influence is born to western nation have in the green evolution technology and how devising I know that they were there but I was really curious as to you've been talking about poverty being lack of resources do they impact .\r\n\r\n- Ooh yes. It is a very interesting question in fact, somewhere around early 50s a gene of the present HY rice was imported from Japan in . A gentleman called Bolac. He made a successful attempt and the variety was developed. And the order of 18,000 tons high relative of wheat was sent by government of India. It was taken to India institute of agricultural research. Might claim the agriculture technology cannot be straight away transported and he has to be denied. As a matter of fact, we have a fairly extensive research network as such. So some of this varieties were tested in India agricultural research Institute we have a concept agriculture research. Then varieties of agricultural university and agriculture research Institute. A gentleman from one of the Institute, is sitting here. So there was a lot of research but this technology basically came from outside. But the other question, which is very important is that what has been the role of outside countries? And I will say that it is the United States of America. Which really started this whole concept of developing you in 1951. Team was invited from USA to look into the food problem of India. There is a book you can buy this committee report was submitted by this committee. So they first recommended community development developing was first started in rural areas. So from 1951 to six and 60s we had a heavy community development program. We thought that if there is a improvement in health, transport road, communication and everything efficiency of the farming community go up. In first actually the basic obstacle that was their understanding. And yet then we find the problem. Then the other thing was of course, in my deck and that has beginning the deck has been the base of the subsequent policy as such. This committee recommend the intensive agriculture development approach. And on the basis of the recommendation with this committee, in fact what had happened that we identified on a hundred districts because they didn't district has got enough of water resources, enough of infrastructure facility marketing facility, credit network. And it is in this district, we decided to impose use highly. So this was quite intensive, intensive, the speak. agricultural development program after three years it was accepted to intensive area development program, but this this basically originated this concept of labor intensive program basically originated from team USA and India economic they have the India which played a very important role they are absolutely active people as such we have a planning commission we have economics apply mind to how your plan and the whole big down to the planning commissioner. It was not the one that we sent but with a redefine to share the advanced question. So you must have had a lot of share in pending policies of this development as such. Yes.\r\n\r\n- I just want to make a different point. It seems that HYVs these might've been an over ambitious and sort of naive development in terms of ecological and evolutionary terms. I think now there is literature coming out that is documenting that yields are decreasing in the long run. 20 years later, since they determined there was variety in use and susceptibility to pests has gone up, this might on other base have long-term ecological consequences . And just kind of comes for the small farmer because extension knowledge has replaced traditional. And more importantly HYVs have been replaced the diversity of variety that small farmers used to keep on their farms the ones who have participated, which would mean and that was the way that they guard against fluctuations in climate or lots of other things. They had to serve up a variety of species of many roots, especially, rice. Which means if it turns out that they these don't have sustain increased productivity the small farmer now is even more vulnerable where the rich farmer has the capital to guardians fluctuations in the future. He can buy the new age and or she can buy you a, so I just think that's so I think another dimension yet increasing production go...\r\n\r\n- No I quite agree with you, I mean I quite agree with you that one thing you must remember that in the, in the beginning that is what happened in the beginning of demand, right? We were depending on the outside world for food and we don't have a guarantee that you will get hit. So irrespective of the side effect the country the farmer goes for you serve a variety of seeds simply because of income as such He doesn't bother much about, he or she circumstance of other ecologic effects are concerned. But understand one thing, we developing country we are relatively in a better position in one way that we can learn in advance from you. That what has been the impact of HY fertilizer on the soil what has been the impact of excessive irrigation on the salinity of the soil and other things. So we can be we can take certain precautions well in advance, as far as impact of this HY technology is is concerned. And that we are doing the right thing.\r\n\r\n- I want to say, in to some extent and represent diversity, India is, in India is a center of genetic diversity on the world and one of them includes India.\r\n\r\n- Explain genetic diversity, there...\r\n\r\n- You have given a, a very dramatic discussion of what is happening in India particularly and it seems to be within a given economic system which I don't see a way out. The only way out if you've mentioned is agrarian reform. Which I would suggest may something that you wish. Definitely, obviously we distributed, wealth we distribute power, but if you still have a capitalist agricultural system once you eventually get back to where you are now that you may level the playing field by agrarian reforms. But as long as the, the, the system continues to function as a mass function, eventually that ended up with the same playing field as you had before, more or less very wealthy farmers large scale versus a small market of farmers on the other side, if that is all you do.\r\n\r\n- Yes, I think you have made a very interesting point to be really fair I have not touched on the policy issues. What I was trying to really do is to study the impact of growth on is on the poor sections. I quite agree with you. There are two situations here. I mean, in India, we have tried land reform measures we have not been successful very successful on sitting on that holding and tendency which we have been fairly successful as far as the removal of landlord is in his concern. Isaminory system which was there before 1950 we have to totally eliminate the landlord and the revenue collecting system with a nice system. So I don't think there's any hope as part of the land is concerned. Yeah, we have tried and we have tried and there is no possibility now. I mean, even if you take any particular later if you want to distribute the land the per capita land will be less than half an acre. So there is no scope of land for measures. Now, what has been happening now is that immediately proceeds is on this. I come to the substantial point later on the major point is this that we should really, we should try to see that we should discourage the mechanical technology. That is what government is trying to do to changing the factor prices putting the restriction on the tractor and other fix. That is one thing. So the basic, basically you go for the biochemical technology, which is labor intensive which will absorb more of labor. So you have a model of agriculture development which generate more of employment by restricting the adoption of mechanical technology as such. So that is what the government of India is at the moment doing, you know you might see another way of liberating in India. Now they are switching more to eastern India. Eastern India has got a much better integration resources much better site, and much better other fascinating details out model agrarian structure, I has certain element of semi legalism, concentration of land, tenancy advanced tenancy but now 7-5 planning for season in Eastern India. And you might see that the output of rice might go rapidly in India as such. So we might be exporting that. So now the focus is that you introduce green revolution technology which is level yourself is number one number. Number two they know that the, in spite of that the employment generation will not be enough to absorb the addition increase in the labor force. And that you are a secondary sector is not able to provide them the employment. That is why most of these countries, Pakistan, Bangladesh, including India they have introducing very mass scale program of employment generation by development. I mean, they have 1,500 million rupees EMR for the employment generation to public work program. So they whenever did there is a scarcity of job in lean season, they provide employment to the landless laborer, so that they have money and they can buy certain amounts of things. If wages are given partly in term of food and partly in term of cash. So, you know, the whole cost is on employment generation as such and they are trying to do this that the economic system cannot take care of it. So outside the system, you go for it. How long you can go. That's a different question because how long we can sustain the employment program without income generation. Now, there is substantial point that you have made and in fact time doesn't, time is limitation. And this is what my sister has been arguing with, that look, I mean you have land reform okay, and you have a mostly dominated by middle farmers small farmers anywhere, then we have the large farmer. And at the same time you allow the agriculture developer keep his line. There is no other alternative in the given political system. You might go for collective farming as Chinese farming, but given the political system what you are essentially going to have is the capitalist farming as such. The farmer who is producing with the intention of generating profit. Now the reformist argument is this, whenever you have capitalism in agriculture and commercialization in agriculture tendency of polarization begin. There is no way out, and you see in US because small cannot survive in front of large because they have economic advantage always hold the small one and as a result the small one are under economic stress and in the process they tend to loose the control of the land. So there is concentration of land in the hands of the few and you will have the polarized model as you have realized that. So that is what going to be happen and another argument is this And another argument that the reform is a basically opposed to this, this program of asset creation. You know, you are giving money to buy a material. You are giving money to your margin and to buy fertilizer you were giving money to buy marginal farmer to build a well or water wall. Now they are saying that, you know, you are giving giving the money, but they don't have enough capacity. They don't have enough land base, resource base this to take advantage of new technology. They take the loan. And what has what has been happening is that there's a diversion of this production load to the consumption, and eventually they are indented and rather benefiting you find that they are in a different position. So they see that this giving some help to the people to the small farmer is not going to help they are going to wipe out in, on, on slot . What you need in basically you get give the people employment to the certain changes in the agriculture situation. So that is that, that is certainly going to be there. And I agree with you.\r\n\r\n- I missed the answer, good capitalism, this entity real big farmers going to drug bars, apartments. We went up, what's the answer. What does the market suggest.\r\n\r\n- You have the whole of China, you will go for a collective farming. You know, the interesting thing is that as far as the agriculture is concerned and even in communist country, you find that there are a lot of variations. You take Hangerian and you take Poland area of private agriculture in the communist society. In China they had a collective farm but they didn't go for a collective farm in the very beginning they started with cooperating at the resource level. They went for the collective farming. And after having tried the collective farming for some time now they have business division, they are more basic cultivation. In Israel for example, it is a democratic country and they have this collective farming which is the cooperative farming in this year. In Russia they are doing some sort of a pilot farming. But the point is that there has been a difficult sector either to organize on a collective farming or on certain other basis. But the alternatives are there. I mean, if you have a large number of small farmer, then you have the alternative that you can go for a collective fund. We tried in India. In fact, in, in, in early 50s sent a team to China to study the...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40674/file/112375#t=0.0,2711.32735"}]}]}]}