{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/3r0pr7n41m/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Bookin-Weiner, Jerome B., Africa in the 1980s"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203328 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Africa in the 1980s is a November 1, 1983 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Jerome Weiner. Jerome Weiner discusses the history of Lebanon, focusing on the situation that has led to the recent bombing of United States Marines.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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On behalf of the lectures committee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=6.08,8.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the College of Science, Humanities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=8.52,10.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to welcome you to this afternoon's 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Virginia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=17.22,20.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where he is a professor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=21.72,23.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of history and director of international 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University,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=30.24,32.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with specialties in Northern African","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=32.21,34.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and middle Eastern History.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=34.73,36.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prior to the completion of his Doctorate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=37.2,38.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he did spend two years as a Peace Corps volunteer in Morocco","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=38.89,43.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in a spruce with this and other activities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=43.22,47.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he has traveled in both Africa and the Middle East.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=47.0,50.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That explains the dilemma in which we have today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=51.91,56.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Originally, when we set up this 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Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=62.15,66.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we announced that as in the faculty bulletin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=66.36,69.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it was sent out in a flyer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=69.33,72.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that was done before a week ago, last Sunday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=73.77,78.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as you all 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Marines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=83.07,85.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so last Tuesday night,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=85.807,88.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"professor Weiner and I, had a conversation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=88.43,90.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and decided that we would switch the focus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=90.81,93.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Lebanon instead of Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=93.24,95.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our apologies to all of you who came","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=95.84,97.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to hear about Africa in the 1980s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=97.93,101.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perhaps in an informal question and answer period afterwards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=101.54,105.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you have some questions about Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=105.13,106.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we get back to that as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=106.78,108.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So with that, I want to present professor Weiner","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=109.66,113.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who will speak to us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=113.0,114.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the situation in Lebanon. Mr Weiner,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=114.39,117.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=119.861,120.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before I begin, I wannna give a couple of disclaimers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=121.72,125.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first disclaimer is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=125.7,127.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I have never set foot in Lebanon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=127.04,128.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so therefore, what I will say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=129.9,133.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not based on any firsthand knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=133.57,135.914"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the people or of the situation there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=135.914,138.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but rather based upon my 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Lebanon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=246.46,250.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in order to understand Lebanese political life,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=250.2,253.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to understand the 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1950s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=1480.87,1483.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I should tell you a probably apocryphal story","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=1483.41,1486.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to give you some 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forces,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=1504.19,1505.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which were involved in fighting with the Israelis then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=1505.75,1508.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as I say, this is probably an apocryphal 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nothing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=1519.39,1520.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were just sitting there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=1520.96,1522.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So he got on the walkie 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nothing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=1529.81,1532.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the Sergeant said, sir, we just lost one of our men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=1532.68,1536.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're Greek 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Sunnis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=1540.22,1542.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Shiite and a Druze get killed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=1542.27,1544.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22708/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you can see that these ratios had a great 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721/transcript/22709/annotation/979","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Good afternoon. On behalf of the lectures committee in the College of Science, Humanities I want to welcome you to this afternoon's lecture. Our guest today is professor Jerome Weiner from Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. Where he is a professor of history and director of international programs. Professor Weiner received his Doctorate in History from Columbia University, with specialties in Northern African and middle Eastern History. Prior to the completion of his Doctorate, he did spend two years as a Peace Corps volunteer in Morocco and in a spruce with this and other activities, he has traveled in both Africa and the Middle East. That explains the dilemma in which we have today. Originally, when we set up this lecture and gave out the pre publicity, we had focused on Africa and we announced that as in the faculty bulletin and it was sent out in a flyer. And that was done before a week ago, last Sunday. And as you all know, Lebanon suddenly emerged as a prime focus because of a particular event that affected the American Marines. And so last Tuesday night, professor Weiner and I, had a conversation and decided that we would switch the focus to Lebanon instead of Africa. Our apologies to all of you who came to hear about Africa in the 1980s. Perhaps in an informal question and answer period afterwards if you have some questions about Africa we get back to that as well. So with that, I want to present professor Weiner who will speak to us on the situation in Lebanon. Mr Weiner,\r\n\r\n- Thank you. Before I begin, I wannna give a couple of disclaimers. The first disclaimer is, that I have never set foot in Lebanon. And so therefore, what I will say is not based on any firsthand knowledge of the people or of the situation there, but rather based upon my understanding of the situation in Lebanon, which comes from a number of years of study of the situation in the Middle East in general, and in Lebanon with some particular focus from time to time since 1975. And what I will try to do in this lecture is to explain how the situation in Lebanon has come to be what it, how I see the situation and what I think might happen. The first thing that we have to understand about Lebanon is to understand something about the people who inhabit Lebanon and what Lebanon is geographically and politically. Throughout its long history, Lebanon has been a refuge. Those of you who can imagine in your minds the map of Lebanon we'll know that in the central part of the country there are two mountain ranges, Mount Lebanon and the Anti-Lebanon chain, which run North to South through, what is now the political state of Lebanon. And that is historic Lebanon the mountain Mount Lebanon, which because it was a mountainous area, a mountainous area which provided a very good and very safe Haven for people from various groups, who were dissidents from the communities surrounding that area. Lebanon became a place of refuge and you found religious dissidents and political dissidents congregating in Mount Lebanon historically going back as far as we know. And the result of that, is that in what is now the Republic of Lebanon, there are 17 different religious and political communities which make up the mosaic of present day Lebanon. And in order to understand Lebanese political life, you have to understand the role that these various communities play in the political life of the modern state of Lebanon. There are, as I say, 17 of these communities but in fact of the 17, only six are really significant in terms of their political weight because of their numbers. The other 11 are much smaller and play a much more minor role, in the political jockeying that goes on within the Lebanese system. The, six communities are divided into Christian and Muslim. And unfortunately, the media in covering the troubles in Lebanon since 1975, has tended to give one, the impression that Lebanon is broken down along Christian Muslim lines. And we constantly hear the Christian rightists and the Muslim leftists. As if to say that all the leftists are Muslims and all the rightists are Christians and they're fighting each other partly because they're Christians fighting Muslims, partly because they're leftists fighting rightists, when in fact the lines are all crossed. And you find alliances as we'll see, I'll talk about later. Alliances between Christian and Muslim groups which cannot be categorized as left or right, but rather are merely transitory alliances, in a longstanding power struggle in Lebanon. The six communities, which are the most significant, in present day Lebanon politically, are on the Christian side, the Maronite Christians who are a group of Christians who broke away from the central churches and they are affiliated with the Roman church but they are not Roman Catholics. They are Uniate Christians affiliated, as I say, with the Roman church, but using not a Latin liturgy but rather a Syriac liturgy, liturgy in a language which is an for all practical purposes, an extinct Semitic language used basically only in the Maronite service. Another of the Christian communities the Maronites by the way, are the largest and most powerful of the Christian communities. And we'll be coming back to them, later on, Another of the Christian communities are the Greek Orthodox which should be somewhat familiar since there are Greek Orthodox in most parts of the world today. A fair number of them in this country now. These are Orthodox Christians who do not, accept the authority of the Pope in Rome and use Greek in their services. They accept the Orthodox patriarch is their authority. And then the third of the important Christian communities, are the Greek Catholics who like the Maronites, except the Pope, but use a Greek liturgy in their services. On the Muslim side, there are two Muslim groups and one group which is a heretical Muslim sect, who unfortunately in the press, over the last several months have constantly been referred to, as the Druze Muslims. I don't know of any Muslims who, like to consider the Druze as Muslims, because the Druze broke away from the main body of Islam in the 11th century. Talk about them more in a moment they are numerically the smallest of the Muslim groups. The two largest of the Muslim groups are the two which are more familiar to those who, have followed events in the Muslim world, over the last decade or so. The Sunni Muslims are the so-called Orthodox Muslims, who are those who follow the main stream, within the Islamic world. And then the Shiite Muslims who follow a brand of Islam which is accepted as being Orthodox Islam by Sunni Muslims but is different in many ways predominantly the Sunni Muslims of the world, live in Iran, in Yemen and in Iraq, although there are now a very large number in Lebanon. Now, the Lebanese political system is a result of a series of compromises between the leaders of those communities. Lebanon is a country, which as I said before has been a haven for religious dissidents and breakaway religious groups for centuries. Each of those religious groups, during the period beginning in the 16th century, slowly emerged to have a special relationship with one or another of the European powers. For example, the, longest standing and the firmest of those special relationships, is the special relationship between France and the Maronite Christians. Another of the very important ones, was the one between the British and the Druze. Now, historically in the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, the only two communities who counted for much in Lebanon, were the Druze and the Maronites. And they were periodically at war with each other. The various groups of Druze and Maronites had leaders, leaders of large extended families, known in Lebanon as the zuama, the zaim, the leader of the clans. It's very difficult to convey the fullness of the meaning of the term zaim, in a way that somebody who doesn't isn't intimately familiar with the Lebanese situation can understand, there are a number of attempts which have been made to translate, the term which literally means leader in Arabic. To translate the term, into understandable language, to non-Lebanese or non-Arabic speakers, perhaps the best is to call them warlords. But that conveys too much of the idea of what was going on in China and to call them feudal leaders conveys too much of the idea of what was going on in Europe, in the middle ages. They are neither and both at the same time. Historically, the various Clan leaders had militias or armies that they could call upon and who engaged in warfare or blood feuds with other clans. The strife within Lebanon in the last 10 years or so, has precedent in Lebanese history. Particularly in the 19th century and the 1840s, and then again, in the 1860s when there were major clashes predominantly between the Maronites and the Druze, but there were groups of Maronites at that time who were allied with groups of Druze and vice versa. And it depended upon the relationship between one zaim and another zaim. A leader of one clan would have a close relationship, a Druze clan would have a relationship with a leader of a Maronite clan, their interests would coincide and their forces would fight together against other Maronites or against other Druze. So that in order to divide it rigidly, is something which is very very difficult to do, without totally confusing what is already a very complex situation. The relationship between the French and the Maronites has been probably the most significant relationship in Lebanon's history. The French have stepped in actively in the affairs of Lebanon on a number of occasions, in order to protect the interests of their Maronite clients. For example, in the 1840s and again, in the 1860s the French intervened in order to separate the warring factions in Lebanon and help the Ottoman Turks, who were the nominal rulers of Lebanon at that time to impose new systems of government for Lebanon. One of at one time partitioning the country, effectively between the Maronites and the Druze. And then later having an outside person who was neither a Maronite, nor a Druze nor Lebanese in fact. In the settlement of 1860, come in and be the governor of the Ottoman province. Now, Lebanon had been the area of Mount Lebanon had been quote unquote conquered by the Ottomans in 1516, but unlike the rest of the Ottoman empire, which was a vast empire in the 16th and 17th century. Unlike the rest of the empire which was governed by pashas, who were appointed by the Sultan from Istanbul, Lebanon was autonomous. Lebanon was the only part of the Ottoman empire which was allowed by the Ottomans to remain autonomous during the 16th, 17th, 18th, and, early 19th centuries. And the reason for the extent, they made lots of promises to lots of people. The one which is most important for the future history of Lebanon, is one called the Sykes-Picot agreement. In which the British and the French, and also the Italians and the Russians, promised each other who would get what once the Ottomans had been defeated, not just in the middle East, but the entire Ottoman empire. For example, the Russians were supposed to get the area around the Turkish straits. And the French because of their, long standing relationship with the Maronites, insisted upon having control over Lebanon, and interior Syria behind Lebanon. The British for a number of reasons, but most importantly because they wanted to protect, the trade routes to India and the, lines of communication to India, insisted on a Crescent, stretching from the Suez canal, all the way across to the head of the Persian Gulf. And so they got the mandate for what has become, the Palestine area with Israel on the occupied territories in Jordan and also Mesopotamia, which is now Iraq. The French received a mandate from the league of nations at the end of the war, from what is now Syria and Lebanon. The, there were three mandates which the league of nations assigned at the conclusion of the peace conferences, which ended, the first World War in that area of the Middle East. Two of them went to Britain, one for Mesopotamia, which is I say became Iraq. And one for Palestine, which at that time, geographically included what is now, Israel in the occupied territories, in the kingdom of Jordan. The British very quickly separated that mandate into two distinct administrative zones. They did it in 1921, creating Transjordan or the area to the East of the Jordan and Palestine. The French, received one mandate for Syria and Lebanon. And this is what we're really concerned with here. That one mandate for what are now Syria and Lebanon. The French also very early on administratively separated, creating what they called at that time Greater Lebanon, Grand Liban in the French Greater Lebanon was Mount Lebanon, that core area in the central part of what is now the Republic of Lebanon, and they added on to that, areas to the North, to the South, to the West and a little bit to the East. And the French did that, in order to get as many Christians as possible into the boundaries of this state which they felt they were in the process of creating for their Maronite allies, their Maronite clients. Who had been their clients by this time, for close to 400 years. Was a very strong, very important relationship. Lebanon had undergone, a number of changes during the 19th century, which much of the rest of the middle East had not undergone. As a result of the occupation of Lebanon by Egyptian forces in the 1830s, Lebanon was opened up to missionaries who came in and attempted to convert their idea was to convert Christians to excuse me, Muslims, to, Christianity. But what they wound up doing for the most part these were American and British missionaries Protestants. They wound up converting various forms of Christians to Protestantism. But the other important thing which they did, was they brought with them mission schools. And there were a large number of these schools founded in the Beirut area and in the mountain areas themselves. And some of these schools led to important educational developments in Lebanon. The creation, for example, of Syrian Protestant college which became the American university of Beirut later on. At these schools, young Christian and Muslim Arab students, were taught essentially by Western Christians about the ideas which were going, which were current in Europe of the 19th and early 20th centuries. And the most important political idea which was grabbing hold of people in Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries, was the idea of nationalism. Something which had grown out of the Napoleonic period in Europe. And as these young Arab students, many of them Christians, were listening to their teachers talking about, French nationalism, Italian nationalism with the rise of unified Italy, German nationalism with the unification of Germany and the various other forms of nationalism, which were sweeping Europe. They began sitting in their classrooms and thinking, well if these are French and they have French nationalism and the others have Italian nationalism, who are we? And what do we have? Because up until that time, Christians in the middle East thought of themselves as Christians First members of their clan, first Christian second and then maybe they had some other vague identity but probably not. Muslims, the same thing. Their identity was clan and religion-based. And they began to realize that they did have something in common with each other. And that was the Arabic language, which they all spoke. And they began to, evolve Arab nationalism. In Lebanon in particular, in some of it in Damascus as well in Syria but it began evolving in the 1870s and especially in the 1880s, 1890s, and the early part of the 20th century. With the coming of the French mandate in Syria, that nationalism of theirs found expression in a number of organizations, which had led to a revolt against the Ottoman empire during the first World War, which had led to collaboration with the British and the French during the first World War in order to get an Arab independence, that nationalism was frustrated by the peace treaty which ended the war. And so once the mandatory period started in the 1920s, that national wasn't particularly in Lebanon and especially among the Christians in Lebanon, began to flower and there, many of them turned it into a Lebanese nationalism. They began to talk about, Lebanon having roots going back to the Phoenicians and seeing their roots going back to Phoenician times. And so a new nationalism arose among Maronite Christians in particular, but also among some other Lebanese, called in short Phoenicianism. This is still a strain in Lebanese thinking, and if you listen to some of the Lebanese leaders, very carefully, as you'll be hearing them interviewed, or seeing the talks which are going on in Geneva now discussed, you will hear strains of that coming through particularly from some of the Maronite leaders, from some of the more extreme Maronite leaders. That nationalism in Lebanon, led by the middle of the second World War to the French granting Lebanon its independence in 1943 that independence, which was granted to Lebanon, was granted on a basis of proportional representation to the various communities which is enshrined in an unwritten agreement among the great leaders, the zaims the zuama of the communities in Lebanon which was reached in 1943 at a conference that they held. That power sharing arrangement among the leaders of Lebanon is based upon the 1932 Lebanese census. Now, according to that census, the population ratio was six Christians to five Muslims. Within the Christian and Muslim communities, the ratio was in the Christian community, half of the Christian community was Maronite, one third of the Christian community, was Greek Orthodox, and one sixth of the Christian community was Greek Catholic. In the Muslim community, at that time, three fifths of the Muslim community was Sunni, one fifth of the Muslim community, was Shiite and one fifth were the Druze who were counted for the purposes of this power sharing arrangement as Muslims. So part of the arrangement, in 1943, the Lebanese National Pact it's called. Part of the arrangement in the National Pact, was that the National Assembly, would always have a multiple of 11 members. It's been as small as 33 members and as large as 99 members. The ratio within that parliament, would always be six Christians to five Muslims. So in a 99 member parliament, which is what existed before the trouble started, in a 99 member parliament there were 54 Christians and 45 Muslims. Now the smaller communities, because you'll remember I said that there were 17 communities in Lebanon, not just six. The other 11 communities, by the time you were up to a hundred seats they each get one seat or two seats, depending upon their proportion within the population. So that it isn't a strict three, two, one, three, one, one ratio within the two communities in the parliament itself, when it's up to 99 members. There were other elements in this power sharing arrangement. The president, they agreed should always be a Maronite Christian. The prime minister, and it's a strong president in Lebanon, it's not a figurehead president. The prime minister has certain power as well should always be a Sunni Muslim. After I believe it was 1947, they agreed that the speaker of the chamber of deputies, the speaker of the parliament, should always be a Shiite. The commander of the armed forces is always a Maronite as is the chief of the police force. The defense minister, I believe it is, is always a Druze. And various other positions within the government, have been divided up, among the communities in this way. There were other elements still, in the National Pact very important elements. As a concession to the Maronite Christians in particular, in the more extreme of the Maronite Christians those who I was describing before, who felt that Lebanon traced its heritage back to the Phoenicians. The agreement was that while Lebanon would be a member, of the Arab world and a member of any broad Arab political coalitions, Lebanon would never tie its policies, to any of those groups. Lebanon would never become part of a greater Pan-Arab union of any kind. Lebanon would never become merged with another Arab state. As a result of any, overarching Arab unity which might be brought about because this was something, which was in people's minds in the Arab world very much at that time, to create a unified Arab nation. So while Lebanon would be a member of any coalition of Arab States, Lebanon would never join any unitary Arab state of any kind. That arrangement worked reasonably well in the forties, and in the early 1950s. I should tell you a probably apocryphal story to give you some idea of the importance of those ratios to many Lebanese. This, story is one which was told after the 1948 war at the time that Israel declared its independence, and the Lebanese army was involved in fighting with Israel and Lebanon Southern border at that time, as part of the air leak forces, which were involved in fighting with the Israelis then. And as I say, this is probably an apocryphal story but it's very illustrative. In the middle of a battle, a Colonel noticed that a Greek Catholic platoon in his brigade was doing nothing, they were just sitting there. So he got on the walkie talkie and he called up the Sergeant in charge of that platoon said, Sergeant, what's going on here? We're in the middle of a battle. Your troops are just sitting there doing nothing. And the Sergeant said, sir, we just lost one of our men. We're Greek Catholics. We're not fighting until three Maronites, two Greek Orthodox, three Sunnis, a Shiite and a Druze get killed. So you can see that these ratios had a great deal of importance in Lebanese politics. Lebanon has not had a census since 1932. The reason Lebanon has not had a census, since 1932 is that if they were to take a census, they would find that the population ratios in Lebanon will have changed dramatically since 1932. And if they were to know what the population ratios were then they would have to rework the whole arrangement, and none of the leaders really wants to see that happen. Although it seems that now they may have reached the point where they feel that some kind of readjustment is necessary. The, as I was saying, this this system worked reasonably well through the late forties in the early 1950s. But during that period, what you had happening, was a shift in the population ratio. The Shiites who were predominantly in South Lebanon, were growing very rapidly as were the Sunnis. The Maronites, what population growth, there was among the Maronite community, was being greatly diminished by an out migration of Maronites. Maronites involved in business in this country, in South America, in Europe and in West Africa where they dominate retail trade. So that at the present time, it is thought likely, it is almost certain that the Shiite community, which in 1932 was one 11th of the total of Lebanon's population, is without question the largest single community in Lebanon today. Probably with as much with a third of the total population, and I've seen some people who think that it may be as much as half of the total population of Lebanon. Today is Shiite yet, in the power sharing arrangement by which Lebanon is still officially governed, they only have a one 11th share of the population. The first time that this system which was created by the National Pact, was brought into any kind of question was in 1958. Actually it started being questioned a bit in 1956, and then especially in 1958. In 1956 in October, November of that year, there was a brief war fought between Israel and Egypt, in the Sinai peninsula. And Egyptian president Nasser, who in 1955 had become an extremely popular leader throughout the Arab world, when he turned to the Russians and the Russians provided him with arms. Began calling upon other Arab States to rally around Egypt and Egypt course, and for the creation of a unified Arab nation, a unified Arab state. And in February of 1958, leaders in Syria took him at his word and said, we're ready, let's merge Egypt and Syria, and form the United Arab Republic, which will then grow gradually to become the Arab nation with a capital N. The unified Arab state that we've been dreaming of. Nasser had at that time, the third largest radio network in the world, broadcasting more hours and more languages at that time, even than the voice of America, it was third behind the BBC and radio Moscow. He used that radio, to put forth a lot of propaganda, into Lebanon and into the surrounding countries, calling upon people to call upon their governments, through demonstrations, to join him and the Syrians, in the United Arab Republic. You'll remember that one of the elements in the Lebanese National Pact, was that while Lebanon would be a member of the Arab League, Lebanon would be allied with other Arab States, Lebanon would never join a unified Arab state out of deference to the Christian community in Lebanon. These calls that Nasser made led to demonstrations, particularly in Northern Syria cities such as Tripoli in Lebanon. Demonstrations led by a man who later served a number of terms, as Lebanon's prime minister Rashid Karami, who is now one of the leaders of the anti central government coalition, which is meeting with the central government in Geneva. The upshot of those demonstrations was also that elements in the Muslim community, began to call for a change in the internal, resource allocation within Lebanon, and some small demands for changes in the power sharing arrangement. But they were more interested in then, was to get more resources for Muslim communities. Because one of the things that the Maronites, who dominated the government, had done in the forties and up through 58, was to put most of the development money that there was in Lebanon, into developing Maronite and other Christian areas. So that hard surface roads were not put in to Muslim villages, electricity was not put into Muslim villages, health clinics, schools, all of the things that we associate with economic and social development, were not done for the Muslim areas in anywhere near the degree that they were done for the Christian areas. And as some of you who Americans and are older in this room may remember, others may know American Marines landed in July of 1958 to help quiet those demonstrations which were also in part a result of the fact that Lebanon's president at that time, was asking for a change in the constitution, so that he could have the second term. Lebanon's president is elected for a single six-year term by the parliament. And that president who was probably one of the most fervent believers in Lebanon's Phoenician heritage. A man who was still active in Lebanese politics by the name of Camille Chamoun. He was the one who was asking that, he be allowed to serve a second term. And this was not viewed with very much favor by the Muslim community in Lebanon as well. The demonstration, the Maronites recognized, that in fact they had not been, allocating resources in an equitable way, and they began to put more development dollars or more development, Lebanese pounds into Muslim areas in Lebanon. And through the 1960s or the early sixties, the situation in Lebanon remain relatively calm, and Lebanon was known as the Switzerland of the middle East. That was where the headquarters of most of the international businesses in the region were, that was where most of the banking went on, and Lebanon enjoyed a fair degree of prosperity during the early and middle 1960s. You could begin to see the beginnings of troubles in 1966 when one of the major Lebanese banks, Intra Bank collapsed. When Intra Bank collapsed in 1966, it created a situation where, a lot of the capital that was supporting, much of the industrial development in particular in the Lebanese cities, came out because of the collapse of that bank. And Lebanon went through a very difficult economic period, which got progressively bad in the late sixties, in the early seventies. At the same time that Lebanon was experiencing, economic difficulties, which hurt the Muslim communities and especially the Shiite community, worse than it hurt most of the rest of the Lebanese population. There were a number of outside factors, which were changing. You notice that I have scarcely mentioned the situation in Israel and the situation of the Palestinians up until this point. From 1948, 49, up until 1967, there ware a significant number of Palestinian refugees living in camps, mostly in South Lebanon, but a fair number also in the Bairut area. They were for better or for worse, integrated into the Lebanese economy by this time, although separated and they were looked down upon by many Lebanese particularly by Lebanese Christians, who did not feel that they had any obligations to these people and felt that these were sort of the country bumpkins coming to who were sponging off of them, and they were upsetting the upper cut in Lebanon and were whipping the Muslim community in Lebanon up against the Christian community in Lebanon and a variety of other things. But that situation was one which remained stable through the late forties and the fifties and up until 1967 and even up until 1970, because after the 1967 war, the Palestinian resistance groups which had formed before the 67 war and had in fact played a major role in provoking the 1967 war. Those groups headquartered themselves for the most part in Jordan from 1967, until 1970. These were groups of people from 1968 on, led very clearly by Yasser Arafat, who became the leader of the Palestine liberation organization, at that time. An organization which had been founded, essentially as a SoP to the Palestinians in 1964, when the Arab League decided that they couldn't go to war with the Israelis, or weren't about to go to war with the Israelis over the opening of a water pipeline or a water canal, taking water from the sea of Galilee down into the Southern part of Israel. In order to say that they were doing something to help the Palestinians, they formed an organization which was really at that time, nothing but a front for the Egyptians. That organization was taken over by these Palestinian resistance groups in 1968 or 69. I can't remember the exact date. When they took, the Palestine liberation organization, over their organizations were well-formed. These were groups of people who had felt for a long time that the rest of the Arab world, didn't really care about the Palestinians, wasn't gonna do anything to help the Palestinians, the 1967 war proved it to them, because they were the only ones who were really struggling for Palestine. The others were, the Syrians were in it for Syria, the Jordanians for Jordan, the Egyptians for Egypt, and none of them really cared that much about the Palestinians. And this ideology which had not been very, widespread among Palestinians, until 1967, became very widespread among Palestinians after 1967. And especially after the success of the guerrilla organizations and holding off an Israeli attack across the Jordan river in March of 1968. That was a, very major turning point in proving the Palestinians that if Palestinian stand up for Palestinian rights, they may get somewhere, whereas the rest of the Arabs just turn tail and run, 'cause they don't really care 'cause all they really care about is their own country. I'm overstating this to some extent but this is a very strong feeling among many Palestinians especially those who had lived in areas around Beirut for example, where, when they went into Beirut and spoke with their distinctive Palestinian accents they were very much looked down upon by people in the city of Beirut and felt very much like they were there on sufferance rather than by any kind of right. Very, very strong grievances held by Palestinians in this sense. In 1968, 69 70, these organizations were headquartered in Jordan, raiding across the Jordan river, into the Israeli occupied territories on the West bank, and also occasionally into pre-1967 Israel and provoking Israeli responses with Israeli raids back across the border. They had formed what was essentially, a state within a state in Jordan by, 1969. In September of 1970, the catalyst was the hijacking, of three or four civilian airliners by the popular front for the liberation of Palestine, in August of that year, and holding of three of those planes, on a desert landing strip in Jordan, and those planes were eventually blown up. The Jordan, the Jordanian government decided that they had had enough and they were going to get rid of the Palestinians in part because they didn't want a state within a state, in part because they didn't wanna have, a war provoked between themselves in Israel, by the Palestinian groups. That struggle known as Black September, resulted in the deaths of about 10,000 Palestinians and the expulsion of the Palestinian organizations from Jordan. The Syrians had similar reasons from the Jordanians for not wanting to see them gathering Syria, so they pushed them right over into Lebanon which had a very strong tradition, of a free press, a freedom of assembly of free political organization, anything goes politically in Lebanon. And so the the PLO and the other Palestinian resistance groups, set up shop in Lebanon and set up camps in Lebanon. And began doing what, they felt they were in business to do, which was harassing the Israelis with raids across the border and lobbing shells across the border into Northern Israel. And the Israelis reacted predictably enough by sending retaliation rates into South Lebanon, to go after the places where they felt the raids were coming from. The result of this back and forth in 1970, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 and increasing tempo of it, as time went on, the result of it was that South Lebanon, did not became a very unsafe place to live for anybody. And the vast majority of the people, living in South Lebanon, were Shiite Muslims, very poor Shiite Muslims. Shiite Muslims being you'll remember the group with the smallest share of power, in the power sharing arrangement, with the largest share of the population in Lebanon, and probably the single poorest community in Lebanon. And people began fleeing from their homes in South Lebanon and congregating in Beirut. Beirut which was undergoing a progressive recession. So that there were very few jobs for these people in the Beirut area. And you had the creation, in and around Beirut and other cities such as Sidon and Tyre and Tripoli. You had the creation in these cities, of a landless poor rootless class of people, who had no roots in that area and had tremendous grievances, against the government, the Palestinians, the Israelis everybody who they felt had, not looked out for them and had pushed them out of their area. They were pretty much indiscriminate in who I'm talking about, the vast majority of them, not their leaders. Indiscriminate and who they blame, some blamed one, some blame the others. But you could find different members of this group who would blame any of the, groups that I named the government or the Israelis or the Palestinians. At the same time, that all of this was going on in 1970, you had elected in Lebanon a president by the name of Suleiman Frangieh. A Maronite Christian like all Lebanese presidents but this one was different from the others in that he was not a zaim. He was not the leader of a major clan. He did not he had not inherited from his father and grandfather and great-grandfather and great, great, great grandfather, et cetera. The traditions of how the zuama dealt with each other, how resources were allocated within the system, he did not have that independent power base that the other presidents of Lebanon had had or that the other zuama had. And whether out of ignorance or out of an attempt to build his own power base, he began granting favors to people who he felt could help him, build that kind of a power base. And so nepotism, which was always present in Lebanese politics but was carried out within very clearly defined but unwritten ground rules, was no longer carried out within those grounds rules. And the spark which touched off the violence in Lebanon, was in 1975, when president Frangieh, granted a license to start a fishing company, to one of his Maronite relatives instead of giving it to a Shiite who should have gotten it, according to the power sharing arrangement, and demonstrations began, first in Sidon and then among university students in Beirut and then people began demanding a change in the way in which power was shared. And you had demonstrations leading to riots, leading to inter-communal violence in 1975. You'll notice that the involvement of the Palestinians up until this point, is merely that their presence in Southern Lebanon led to a chain of events which created a landless group of Shiites in and around Beirut and the other cities. A volatile group of people. The Palestinians, when this violence started in Lebanon in 1975 among the various communities, and I should point out that each of the zuama had a small militia, even before any of this started. And they began to build their militias up, as the fighting went on in 75 and 76. The Palestinians decided at the very beginning that this was not their fight. This was the fight among Lebanese to resolve intra-Lebanese issues. And they were going to stay out of it. And they did their very best to stay out of it. However, the Maronite community, especially the Phalange in the Maronite community. The group which in many ways is now in control of the Lebanese central government, although there's some tensions there. The Phalange blamed the Palestinians for creating the whole situation. They were, it was their presence in Southern Lebanon which had led the Israelis into their raids which had pushed the Shiites out, which has had led to the grievances and had led therefore to the violence. And so therefore the Maronites, the Phalange in particular not the Maronites, it was the Phalange, had a strong grievance against the Palestinians. And on two occasions, they hijacked busloads of Palestinians and slaughtered everybody who was on those buses. The PLO central committee, as a result of that met and took a new decision. And that new decision was that they were going to use what military force they had, to protect Palestinians. And that was the beginning of their involvement in the Lebanese civil war in an active way. They eventually came to be involved in the alliances, which made up the various groups, who were fighting in the Lebanese civil war and to say that it was the Palestinians and their Muslim leftist allies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105721#t=0.0,2726.84408"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Against the Christian rightists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=5.31,7.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a gross oversimplification","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=7.69,10.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you had Shiites fighting on the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=10.36,12.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"side of the Palestinians, the Amal faction in particular,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=12.03,15.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the one who's been most prominent in the news of late","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=15.56,18.304"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"led by Nabih Berri.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=18.304,19.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were other Shiite groups, however, who blamed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=21.33,25.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Palestinians for their plight in Southern Lebanon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=25.72,28.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who allied themselves with the Maronites ,with the phalange.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=28.88,33.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there were all kinds of cross-cutting alliances like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=33.61,35.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that involving the Druze as well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=35.98,39.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As the fighting went on, when the Palestinians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=42.31,45.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"threw their weight behind a particular","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=45.58,47.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"faction that was involved in the fighting in 1976,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=47.28,52.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they were better organized, better trained","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=52.53,56.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and better equipped than most of the militias,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=56.12,59.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the side that they were on began to prevail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=59.34,62.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they were besieging Christian areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=62.66,66.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the area around Beirut.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=66.25,68.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in order to quiet the situation and try to 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Syria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=75.83,79.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And because the rest of the Arab world didn't want to see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=79.62,81.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this happening, The Syrians in response 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forces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=87.63,90.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they went in on the side of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=90.81,93.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Phalange against the PLO in 1976.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=93.34,96.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they did stabilize that situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=100.66,103.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, they were involved in the 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killed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=109.4,112.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Syrians remember at this time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=112.37,114.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are thought by the rest of the world to be the closest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=114.26,116.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"allies in the Arab world that the PLO has.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=116.33,119.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yet they're fighting in Lebanon against the PLO.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=119.16,121.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In late 76, the situation in Lebanon stabilized,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=124.25,127.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it was more or less a defacto partition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=127.76,130.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Northern part of the country was controlled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=130.9,132.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Phalange, Southern part of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=132.51,134.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the country by the PLO and other groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=134.18,136.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That situation continued until 1978,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=137.75,141.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when there was a brief Israeli incursion into Southern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=141.75,144.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lebanon and then a UN force moved in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=144.51,147.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then in 1981,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=147.86,149.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the tacit agreement under which the Syrians were, a tacit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=150.86,154.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agreement between Syria and Israel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=154.31,156.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which governed the disposition of the Syrian forces was 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now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=774.73,776.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've got to be replaced by something which will have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=776.45,779.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough strength to stop a renewal of the fighting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=779.41,782.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the problem is that there doesn't seem to be anybody on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=784.43,786.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the horizon who is willing to step forward and play that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=786.62,790.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"role, who could do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=790.28,792.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we're caught very much in a no win situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=792.14,794.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We probably shouldn't have put them in there in the first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=794.96,796.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place, but now that they're there, we can't pull them out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=796.65,799.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then it becomes a question from an American perspective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=799.86,803.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of not getting them on different ground because you get them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=804.08,807.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on different ground, and that's going to get some people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=807.41,809.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Lebanon very upset because they aren't going to see that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=809.78,812.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a defensive move on the part of the Marines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=812.63,815.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're going to see that rather as an offensive move,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=815.19,818.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to cover actions by the Lebanese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=818.06,819.595"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and by the Lebanese army against them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=819.595,822.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we've already made the mistake once of calling in fire","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=823.92,827.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and supportive of Lebanese army activities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=827.05,829.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hopefully we will never make that mistake again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=829.32,832.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of the firing from the New Jersey was in direct support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=832.07,835.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Lebanese army maneuvers, Lebanese army activity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=835.0,839.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's not our place to play an active role in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=839.9,844.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lebanese civil war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=844.16,845.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're there to keep the factions apart so that they can try","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=845.73,848.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and talk out their differences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=848.76,850.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're not there to support one faction against another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=850.34,853.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's all I have to say at this point,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=855.58,856.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you've got any questions, I'd be happy to take them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=856.91,859.097"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=859.097,859.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Would you please briefly define the way the political","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=859.93,862.822"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"system of Lebanon from the democratic side, like how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=862.822,867.155"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a president would be a Maronite,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=868.145,870.351"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a prime minister would be a Sunni?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=870.351,872.649"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=872.649,873.482"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Lebanese democracy is not a democracy as we know it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=876.77,879.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is what political scientists call","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=879.96,882.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a confessional democracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=882.46,884.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where the positions are assigned based on the community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=884.93,889.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's a system which was created to deal with a political","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=894.09,899.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reality in Lebanon, in the 1940s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=899.26,902.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where all of the leaders were agreeable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=902.7,905.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this was the only way that they could keep from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=905.02,907.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fighting each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=907.36,908.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In terms of my definition of democracy in an American sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=911.08,914.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not democracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=914.3,915.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's a system which was created","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=916.72,920.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to deal with a specific set of circumstances","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=920.67,923.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and worked reasonably well up until the mid 1970s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=923.2,928.097"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now it worked for a time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=930.72,932.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The situation has changed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=932.69,935.034"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The situation's changed dramatically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=935.034,937.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you think they'd keep the system for the now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=937.47,939.875"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[indistinct]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=939.875,941.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The current division of power?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=941.15,943.184"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Mmh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=943.184,944.822"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(sighs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=944.822,946.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e At this point I think it's too late to keep that system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=946.55,950.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that a realignment, perhaps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=950.43,953.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think any realignment is going to have to be based","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=953.18,957.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on some form of confessional democracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=957.01,959.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question is who gets what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=959.73,961.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the fundamental question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=962.6,965.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has to be answered before we can know whether those","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=965.19,968.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people meeting in Geneva or their successors somewhere else","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=968.72,972.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can come up with a new arrangement is whether or not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=972.3,976.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those people and the people who they represent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=976.54,979.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are sick and tired of the bloodshed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=979.71,981.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they are, then they'll be able to reach an agreement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=981.59,984.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they aren't, then they probably won't be able","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=984.89,987.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to reach an agreement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=987.69,989.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because I think that the Shiites are not going to get,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=989.12,993.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yeah, if an agreement were to be reached,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=993.56,995.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say within the next six months, and I'll be very surprised","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=995.24,998.428"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they can reach a new agreement on a new power sharing in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=998.428,1001.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that shorter period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1001.14,1003.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If a new agreement were to be reached in the next six months","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1003.33,1006.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or year, the Shiites are not going to get as much power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1006.3,1009.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as they would like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1009.52,1010.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are not going to have 50% of the top positions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1011.57,1014.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"represent, if they are 50% of the population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1014.9,1018.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Maronites are going to have a disproportionate share of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1018.16,1021.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the power in any realignment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1021.89,1024.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that's almost inevitable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1025.5,1027.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question is how much are they willing to give up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1027.21,1030.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how much will satisfy the other groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1031.23,1033.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But to go to a direct election system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1034.89,1037.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given the history of Lebanon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1037.39,1038.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given people's identity with their,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1038.92,1041.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their confession, with theirs Zaim really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1041.45,1044.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not with their confession, I think is to dream,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1044.68,1047.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to dream an impossible dream, a dream that won't come true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1047.34,1050.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To give you an example of the way in which people vote or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1052.25,1055.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"voted cause they haven't voted in a long time in Lebanon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1055.73,1058.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Lebanese socialist party","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1059.69,1061.428"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had as its leader Kamal Jumblatt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1061.428,1064.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kamal Jumblatt's position to the outside world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1065.563,1068.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the array of Lebanese politics was as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1068.77,1071.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leader of the Lebanese Socialist Party.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1071.2,1073.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seems straightforward enough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1073.85,1075.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A political leader in charge of a party has a major position","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1075.33,1079.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of his position as the leader of that party.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1079.07,1082.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That had absolutely nothing to do with why Kamal Jumblatt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1082.41,1085.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had an important position in Lebanon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1085.95,1087.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kamal Jumblatt had an important position in Lebanon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1087.8,1090.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he was the leader of the Druze community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1090.08,1092.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Druze voted for the Lebanese socialist party","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1092.47,1095.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not because they were socialists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1095.46,1096.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but because they owed allegiance to Kamal Jumblatt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1096.93,1101.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other Druze who did not owe allegiance to Kamal Jumblatt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1101.06,1104.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't vote for the socialist party.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1104.86,1106.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People didn't vote for the socialist party","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1107.85,1109.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for ideological reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1109.68,1111.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They voted for the socialist party because of allegiances,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1111.44,1115.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which had nothing to do with ideology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1115.91,1117.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that was the case, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1117.9,1119.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up and down all the parties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1119.39,1121.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So to create a direct election system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1121.16,1124.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without some apportionment among those groups would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1124.09,1127.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"falling because it would break down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1127.67,1130.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly with all the armaments that are there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1130.46,1132.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You had a 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time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1139.152,1140.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e For the second time and this was [indistinct]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1140.36,1143.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Took place and the Phalanges or the Israelis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1145.82,1148.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and others said that there were PLO fighters still in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1148.83,1151.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camps, when in fact it appears that there were at most,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1151.71,1154.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a very small handful of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1154.58,1156.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A couple of, a dozen, two dozen, not the hundreds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1156.61,1159.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Israelis were talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1159.25,1160.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The hundreds of armed people were the Palestinian militia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1160.89,1164.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who were supposed to stay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1164.98,1166.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And also, you said that we are supposed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1167.77,1170.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be keeping parties apart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1170.047,1172.299"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Looks to me like we are just getting shot at by anybody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1172.299,1174.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who's fighting?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1174.753,1175.586"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e We're getting shot at by those who feel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1175.586,1178.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that what we are doing-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1178.85,1180.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e We are not keeping anybody apart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1180.1,1181.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no, no, we are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1181.72,1183.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh no, we are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1183.48,1184.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are keeping them apart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1184.38,1185.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what we are doing is we're in the middle there and we're","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1186.84,1190.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"keeping them from fighting each other all out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1190.54,1193.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you were to remove the Marines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1193.47,1195.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think what you would find would be that the forces allied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1196.42,1199.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Frangieh, Karami and Jumblatt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1199.98,1203.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will not say the Druze cause it's not just the Druze.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1203.05,1206.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are Sunnis involved, there are Maronites involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1206.58,1208.884"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there are Druze involved in that coalition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1208.884,1211.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the armed forces of that coalition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1211.15,1214.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those armed forces would open up open hostilities against","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1214.057,1218.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Lebanese army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1218.36,1219.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e If that's what they want then why not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1220.335,1222.444"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And the reason that they are attacking the Marines is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1222.444,1226.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without the Marines there, they can't do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1226.02,1229.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they get the Marines out, then they can.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1229.0,1231.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the Phalange probably wouldn't be too,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1232.98,1234.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sorry to see that happen either although they're in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1234.65,1236.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a different part of the area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1236.55,1239.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Except that they may feel that the Marines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1239.49,1241.172"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are helping the Maronites hold onto what power they have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1241.172,1244.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1244.44,1245.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In your assessment of the situation, you said that the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1246.137,1249.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marines are viewed by some of these forces as they are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1249.52,1252.268"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"defending the army of the so called British government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1252.268,1256.548"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1256.548,1257.381"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Which is viewed by these you know pertinent forces as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1257.381,1259.951"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Phalange.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1259.951,1260.784"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1260.784,1261.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And you also went through a historical background about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1261.617,1264.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Phalange, what it presents and how,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1264.85,1267.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what was this tradition?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1267.31,1269.739"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I want to ask you is don't you see a better role for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1269.739,1273.426"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the American marines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1273.426,1275.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The marines as we understand do the peacekeeping,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1275.43,1278.048"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then it was soon engaged to fly along the side of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1278.048,1282.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese army, which is in essence the Phalange against the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1282.18,1284.986"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rest of the factions who are asking for the synchronization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1284.986,1289.361"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1289.361,1290.444"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't think they're really,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1291.355,1292.252"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're just asking for more of the power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1292.252,1296.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Why do the marines have to have a strict peacekeeping","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1296.533,1299.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"force in that they wouldn't take any block, I mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1299.61,1303.041"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not necessarily the Phalanges or even the other forces,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1303.041,1306.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just like the Italians and the British are doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1306.4,1310.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In essence keeping\nAnd the French too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1310.78,1312.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is why the Marines are there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1313.71,1315.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the purpose for which they went in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1315.47,1317.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I said, there was one occasion on which they called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1320.32,1324.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in artillery fire from the New Jersey in support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1324.37,1329.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Lebanese army activity in the mountains there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1329.93,1333.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They haven't repeated that mistake.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1334.64,1336.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think they understand now what a mistake that was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1336.54,1339.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem is that where the Marines are placed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1340.83,1343.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is in a buffer between the two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1345.51,1348.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the opposing forces don't want to see the Lebanese army","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1349.67,1354.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strengthened because they see it as a strengthening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1354.5,1357.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Phalange and the weakening of their position.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1357.52,1360.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the fact that it will impose essentially a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1360.0,1362.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Phalangist solution on Lebanon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1362.82,1366.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so they want to prevent that and in order to prevent it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1366.6,1368.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've got to get the Marines out of the way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1368.93,1371.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's in part a result of the fact of where the Marines 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the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1377.26,1380.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"central government forces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1380.5,1382.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The central government controls it most now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1382.06,1384.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"15% of the territory of Lebanon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1384.2,1386.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They route in a little bit else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1387.01,1388.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1388.54,1389.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Phalange control is much more,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1389.57,1391.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Syrians control much more,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1391.73,1393.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Israelis control much more of the land area of Lebanon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1393.07,1396.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1398.34,1399.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Given that geographical back,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1399.173,1400.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their control of the territory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1400.94,1402.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as the structure of the political allegiances","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1402.97,1405.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have talked about for at least the last hundred years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1405.91,1408.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how appropriate is the whole concept of a nation for an area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1408.95,1413.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the world like this and what potential does a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1413.56,1417.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"partition hold for kind of extricating themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1417.59,1421.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this kind of situation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1421.61,1422.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e One thing that I didn't say at the beginning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1424.23,1426.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that we're all used to hearing about how small Israel is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1426.8,1431.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lebanon is half the size pre 1967 Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1431.02,1433.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I'm not mistaken, it's about the size of Connecticut.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1433.99,1436.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that's the equivalent in size.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1437.94,1440.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is extremely small.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1440.55,1443.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you're going to talk about partitioning a 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viable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1449.45,1452.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lebanon had created an economic viability out of becoming a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1452.25,1456.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"commercial and financial center.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1456.18,1458.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what's very interesting, what's been very interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1458.2,1461.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to watch over the last half a dozen years or so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1461.12,1465.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that every time there is a low in the fighting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1465.95,1468.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Lebanese start rebuilding the economic infrastructure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1468.3,1471.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of that country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1471.82,1473.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And from 1976, until 1981, they had Lebanon back where yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1473.41,1478.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we would still see destruction in Beirut, but by God,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1479.26,1481.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had a lot of the offices were moving back to Beirut","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1481.8,1485.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and things like that because they found that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1485.05,1486.621"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was nowhere else in the middle East","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1486.621,1488.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they can really do business from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1488.41,1490.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The creation of nation states in that part of the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1495.051,1499.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in general is an experiment and an importation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1499.6,1502.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Western ideology, of Western form of government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1502.5,1507.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in Lebanon I think there are a lot of preconditions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1507.14,1510.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for it to 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everyone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1516.66,1519.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question is not, are you going to share a power?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1519.01,1521.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are we going to live together in a Lebanese state,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1521.98,1525.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but rather who will have how much of the power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1525.21,1527.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as we live together in a Lebanese state?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1527.89,1530.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And will we have a regular mechanism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1530.08,1532.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for re sharing that power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1532.46,1534.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was the major flaw in the national pact of 1943.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1534.35,1538.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was no mechanism for reallocating power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1538.95,1541.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No mechanism for changing that allocation of power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1542.83,1547.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yeah, there can be no question that the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1547.04,1549.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the outside influences on Lebanon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1550.74,1553.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the presence of the Palestinians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1554.56,1557.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Israeli raids in the South,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1557.22,1558.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Israeli invasions of the South,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1558.69,1560.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Syrian belief that Lebanon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1560.7,1562.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should be part of greater Syria again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1562.28,1564.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of that helps to destabilize the situation there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1564.75,1567.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's an exceedingly complex situation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1569.11,1572.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which the media had grossly over simplified.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1572.12,1575.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's not one which lends itself to easy solutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1576.24,1581.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Defacto partition may be the result of a new type","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1581.78,1586.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of power-sharing in a continuing Lebanese state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1586.75,1590.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I said from 1976, until 1982,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1590.49,1593.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you had a de facto partition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1593.34,1595.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that may be what emerges as they realign","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1596.22,1599.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the internal political framework.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1599.73,1602.548"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is there a question the back there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1602.548,1603.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1603.51,1604.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I was wondering what role does the individual refugee,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1604.343,1608.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say in Beirut play.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1608.407,1610.161"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What role does that individual have in some of your-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1610.161,1614.879"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Like the individual refugee like the individual Lebanese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1614.879,1618.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does his or her best to keep their head down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1618.46,1620.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are in the North of Lebanon still by the agreement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1624.54,1629.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was reached in the summer of 1982,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1629.15,1631.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are still PLO fighting forces in the North of Lebanon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1631.54,1635.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the Beirut area I haven't heard that they're","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1637.82,1639.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really participating at this point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1639.94,1641.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Any question over here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1644.357,1645.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1645.59,1646.674"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talk about the marines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1646.674,1647.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the us government sends those thousand marines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1647.507,1650.562"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or whatever, and they knew that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1650.562,1652.691"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were going to be in danger, in Syrian government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1652.691,1655.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you think that they really send those marines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1655.073,1659.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as peacekeeping post as they said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1659.08,1661.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or just as power because as everybody knows,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1661.563,1666.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they're not there, there's other power there which you-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1667.58,1670.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You mean the Russians?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1671.589,1672.649"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Right, I think, go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1672.649,1674.982"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you think the Lebanese have to be the target for the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1676.468,1681.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russians to allow the states to struggle?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1681.46,1685.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a very good question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1685.037,1687.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wish I had a clear reading on that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1687.0,1689.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess it was about two or three weeks ago now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1691.8,1694.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I took, when you live in Virginia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1694.02,1696.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can get up to Washington","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1696.76,1697.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I took a group of my students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1697.85,1699.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up to the Lebanese embassy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1699.08,1700.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was very interesting to hear the way in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1701.29,1704.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Lebanese ambassador to the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1704.74,1708.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"portrays the situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1708.67,1710.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because he portrays the situation as one in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1711.6,1714.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States and the Lebanese central government are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1714.39,1717.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"defending the interests of the West and democracy against","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1717.78,1721.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the tentacles of the Soviet octopus, which is trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1721.23,1724.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take over the middle East one domino at a time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1724.04,1728.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then if we let democratic Lebanon go,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1728.17,1731.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then who knows what will be next?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1731.21,1733.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they can point to the fact that there are now 7,000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1733.81,1736.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian troops manning Syrian posts in Syria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1736.79,1740.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is since the summer of 1982","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1742.07,1745.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that most of them came in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1745.3,1746.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are 7,000 Russian military personnel in Syria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1746.97,1750.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have sealed off large areas along the Syrian Lebanese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1750.27,1754.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"border and along the Syrian Israeli front.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1754.56,1756.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they don't even let the Syrians in there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1757.63,1760.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the anti-aircraft missiles are manned by the Russians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1761.02,1764.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are whole areas where they're keeping","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1764.3,1766.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Syrians out just as they did in Egypt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1766.06,1769.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the late sixties, in the early seventies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1769.57,1772.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, you know, given the way in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1772.59,1777.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the current administration thinks it may well be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1777.01,1781.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that part of their thinking was that if we don't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1781.69,1785.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have somebody on the ground there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1785.25,1787.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we won't be able to use that as a counterbalance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1787.793,1791.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should the Russians think about moving in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1791.39,1793.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fact that they're there in the back of the minds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1793.9,1797.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of people in the administration,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1797.25,1798.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sure is seen as a guarantee against","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1798.41,1800.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Russians moving yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1800.93,1802.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, you know, whether that's reality or not,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1803.13,1806.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that may be the way that they're seeing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1806.3,1808.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that that may have played a role","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1808.58,1811.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the decision to go in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1811.78,1813.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the basic reason for going in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1813.18,1816.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was to prevent a wider war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1816.24,1819.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To prevent a war that would involve the Syrians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1819.15,1823.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Israelis fighting over Lebanon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1823.27,1826.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not over their own countries and would have threatened to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1826.97,1830.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pull the United States in supporting the Israelis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1830.38,1832.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Russians supporting the Syrians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1832.337,1834.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think that any of those, neither the Israelis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1834.6,1837.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nor the Syrians, nor the Americans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1837.7,1839.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nor the Russians want to see that happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1839.187,1841.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so I think that they have all sort of arranged it so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1843.11,1847.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the countervailing forces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1847.0,1848.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are there to stop it from happening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1848.4,1850.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it may well play a role in administration thinking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1851.3,1854.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I were in the administration,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1855.29,1856.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it wouldn't play a role in my thinking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1856.53,1858.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in their thinking, it may very well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1858.61,1860.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1862.69,1863.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You said a minute ago, a while back [indistinct]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1863.523,1866.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Gemayel government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1868.777,1869.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Not the Gemayel government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1871.43,1872.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1872.71,1874.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that from everything that I have seen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1874.7,1878.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Amine Gemayel has separated himself to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1878.45,1881.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a not inconsiderable degree from the Phalange.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1881.98,1886.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question is whether his father is willing to give up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1886.37,1889.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough and whether the other Zuama of the Maronite community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1889.42,1894.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are willing to go as far as he might be willing to go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1894.63,1898.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"See, I think he has begun to see for himself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1898.06,1901.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a role outside that of a Phalangist leader,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1901.49,1905.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside that of a Maronite leader.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1905.07,1907.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That of the man who brought peace to Lebanon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1907.23,1910.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and redistributed power in a way that made everyone happy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1910.53,1914.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was, unlike his brother who was the leader of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1914.12,1918.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Phalangist militia, Bachir Gemayel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1918.48,1921.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unlike his brother, he has never been very closely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1921.39,1924.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"identified with the Phalange.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1924.76,1927.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's been politically identified,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1927.13,1928.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but not militarily and not with the more extreme elements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1928.69,1931.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the way his brother was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1931.89,1933.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it is thought by many people likely in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1933.99,1938.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that his brother was assassinated by people within the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1938.92,1942.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Phalange who saw his brother moving in the same direction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1942.04,1944.509"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Amine Gemayel has gone and they they didn't want that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1944.509,1948.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because that almost had to be somebody with inside access","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1948.73,1951.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who did that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1951.08,1951.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you see him being able to pull that off- [Indistinct]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1954.215,1959.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The fundamental question is whether there's been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1960.38,1961.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough bloodshed to make everybody sick and tired","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1961.99,1964.596"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of it and ready for a solution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1964.596,1966.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the fundamental 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been.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1971.98,1972.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At least that was what I was hearing from my politically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1974.39,1978.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"astute students who were going back and forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1978.11,1980.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now my Lebanese students who were going back and forth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1980.6,1983.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they aren't nearly so optimistic at this point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1984.72,1987.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not even, they aren't as optimistic now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1988.49,1991.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as they were even in about 1978.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1991.16,1993.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Last question, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1996.62,1997.769"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you think your stand is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1997.769,1999.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the new Israeli government?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=1999.407,2001.336"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do you think their stand is-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2001.336,2004.086"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Israel has a real problem in Lebanon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2006.37,2009.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A real 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block","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2015.002,2020.002"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was able to sell the rest of the Likud block on the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2023.34,2027.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"invasion of Lebanon in 1982.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2027.51,2029.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They thought, I think, and they sold this idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2030.75,2034.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to their cohorts in the cabinet,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2034.18,2038.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it would be a relatively quick in and out for fairly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2038.19,2041.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"limited objectives, which were attainable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2041.97,2045.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"militarily attainable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2045.54,2047.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It showed a gross misunderstanding of what was going on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2048.65,2051.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Lebanon to think that that would happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2051.23,2053.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's a lot of evidence that much of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2054.47,2059.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disillusion and disappointment that led to Bagan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2061.4,2066.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depression, which led to his resignation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2067.73,2070.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I think there's very little question really that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2070.43,2072.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's why he resigned aside from his wife's death,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2072.1,2074.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was very important,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2074.7,2075.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the failure to achieve even those limited ends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2076.88,2081.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And although we don't see it on a regular basis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2083.89,2087.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the fact that on a weekly basis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2087.77,2090.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are still casualty reports in Israeli newspapers of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2090.03,2093.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israeli soldiers being killed in Lebanon and being wounded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2093.48,2096.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Lebanon and there was a very deep division within","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2096.75,2100.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel over the invasion from the very beginning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2100.35,2103.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even when it looked like they might get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2104.24,2106.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what they were after.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2106.11,2107.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a deep division in Israel over whether or not they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2107.23,2109.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should have gone in, and that division has widened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2109.62,2112.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has not narrowed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2112.08,2113.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so I think what the Israelis, the reason that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2114.39,2117.639"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Israelis had the unilateral redeployment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2117.639,2120.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was really a withdrawal from the Schiff mountains,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2120.66,2123.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which led in many respects to the recent fighting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2123.74,2126.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was that for domestic political reasons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2127.65,2129.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've got to pull back as much as they can out of Lebanon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2129.67,2132.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think the new government in Israel is under the same","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2134.272,2135.948"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pressures to do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2135.948,2138.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Bagan's government was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2138.53,2140.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The exact same pressures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2140.56,2142.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"domestic Israeli pressures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2142.21,2144.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having nothing to do with American names in the area,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2144.09,2147.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having nothing to do with internal Lebanese politics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2147.06,2149.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having nothing to do with Israel's relations with Egypt or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2149.54,2152.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Syria or with the United States or with anybody else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2152.39,2155.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's purely internal politics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2155.77,2158.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the fact that you have what is a very weak government in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2158.78,2161.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel with a very, very paper thin coalition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2161.52,2166.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that over an important issue could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2166.92,2168.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fall at almost any time and have to face the public in a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2168.27,2171.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"general election and have to account","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2171.22,2173.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for what happened in Lebanon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2173.41,2174.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They want to be able to get out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2174.87,2176.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not have those weekly casualty reports.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2177.43,2180.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's been a very, very divisive issue in Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2180.62,2183.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now irrespective of anything else having to do with what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2184.74,2189.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened as a result of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2189.62,2192.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you all very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2193.33,2195.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(Clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2195.057,2197.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=2200.4,2202.733"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22710/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/710/original/AV203328_Africa_in_the_1980s_b.vtt?1613498448","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/710/original/AV203328_Africa_in_the_1980s_b.vtt?1613498448"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22711","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203328_Africa_in_the_1980s_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722/transcript/22711/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Against the Christian rightists is a gross oversimplification because you had Shiites fighting on the side of the Palestinians, the Amal faction in particular, the one who's been most prominent in the news of late led by Nabih Berri. There were other Shiite groups, however, who blamed the Palestinians for their plight in Southern Lebanon, who allied themselves with the Maronites ,with the phalange. And there were all kinds of cross-cutting alliances like that involving the Druze as well As the fighting went on, when the Palestinians threw their weight behind a particular faction that was involved in the fighting in 1976, because they were better organized, better trained and better equipped than most of the militias, the side that they were on began to prevail. And they were besieging Christian areas in the area around Beirut. And in order to quiet the situation and try to restore normalcy and in order so that the violence in Lebanon would not spill over among the minority communities in Syria. And because the rest of the Arab world didn't want to see this happening, The Syrians in response to an Arab league mandate sent their army into Lebanon to try to separate the forces. And they went in on the side of the Phalange against the PLO in 1976. And they did stabilize that situation. And in fact, they were involved in the shelling of the Tel al-Zaatar camp where hundreds and hundreds of Palestinians were killed. The Syrians remember at this time, are thought by the rest of the world to be the closest allies in the Arab world that the PLO has. Yet they're fighting in Lebanon against the PLO. In late 76, the situation in Lebanon stabilized, and it was more or less a defacto partition. Northern part of the country was controlled by the Phalange, Southern part of the country by the PLO and other groups. That situation continued until 1978, when there was a brief Israeli incursion into Southern Lebanon and then a UN force moved in. And then in 1981, the tacit agreement under which the Syrians were, a tacit agreement between Syria and Israel, which governed the disposition of the Syrian forces was to Israeli thinking violated, although in fact, there was nothing in the agreement about helicopters in the Beqaa Valley. That was something that they left out. I guess they didn't think anybody was ever going to introduce them. The Israelis saw a helicopter in the Beqaa Valley, thinking that it, assuming it, feeling it to be a violation of the agreement, they shot it down and the Syrians, move missile batteries into the Beqaa Valley in order to protect their air operation, their helicopter operations in that area. And the big issue of the summer of 1981 was, will the Syrians get their missiles out of the Beqaa Valley or will the Israelis go in and take them out? And will the Israelis invade Lebanon again? And an agreement was finally worked out between the Syrians and the Israelis and the PLO, although the PLO and the Israelis will deny till their last breath right now that they actually negotiated with each other, but for all practical purposes, they did in the summer of 81. And the agreement was that they would ignore the missile batteries. They're still there today. And that the PLO agreed that they would stop shelling Northern Israel, and the Israelis would stop shelling Southern Lebanon in retaliation. And throughout the rest of 1981, and up until June of 1982, that was the way it was. There was no shelling from either side during that time period. Then in either late May or early June of 1982, a splinter Palestinian group, which had been assassinating PLO people in various parts of the world attempted to assassinate the Israeli ambassador in London. The Israeli government, the defense minister in particular use that as the arguing point within the Israeli government to get approval for an invasion of Southern Lebanon. Initially, to go in and clear out the PLO strongholds in the South of Lebanon. And then as we know, they went right up into West Beirut, even in the parts of West Beirut. That's where the American presence comes down. That brings us in many ways up to the present day. The situation as we well remember in the summer of 1982 was the Israelis and the Palestinians confronting each other in Beirut for several weeks and the Palestinians and the Israelis, again, not negotiating with each other, but agreeing with each other on a withdrawal plan, which called for the introduction of a multinational force between them so that no violence would be done by either side to the other. The PLO forces pulled out were dispersed throughout the Arab world. The Israelis pulled back a bit and gave over certain areas to their allies in the Phalange. And we had the massacre at Sabra and Shatila in September of last year and then as a result of that, the Lebanese government asked the multinational force to come back in, in order to stabilize the situation and bring about a more secure situation so that the central government could attempt to negotiate some kind of an internal settlement in Lebanon. That's why the Marines are there. I think we've forgotten that to a large extent. The Marines had pulled out after the withdrawal of the PLO and the initial withdrawal of the Israelis. The Marines went in because in order for the Israelis and the PLO to agree on a mutual withdrawal from Beirut, they had to go in. The Israelis do not trust the UN for a variety of reasons, which need not concern us here, but they weren't about to allow for a UN force to be the force that would do it. They wanted great powers in there. The Lebanese central government wanted the French in there and the Palestinians wanted others who were more neutral in there and so you had the British and the Italians involved. Once the massacre had occurred, there was a fairly general agreement on the need for there to be a separation of forces again. And the Marines were re-introduced. The current president of Lebanon Amine Gemayel, is the son of the founder of the Phalange. A man by the name of Pierre Gemayel, still alive, still very much the political leader of the Phalange who founded the Phalange upon his return from the 1936 Olympics in Germany, where he had seen Hitler's Brown shirts and been very impressed with them and wanted to form a similar organization among Maronite Christians. He took the name from the Spanish fascists who called themselves \"The Phalange\". They were very active in the Spanish civil war at that time. And that's where you get the Lebanese Phalange. At the present time, the reason as I see it, that the Marines have come under fire and the French also have come under fire, not however, the Italians and the British aside from the fact of where they are placed is that the US is seen by anti-Phalange forces within Lebanon as having chosen sides with the Lebanese central government, which they see now, because Amine Gemayel is the president, as little more than an extension of the Phalange. The French are seen also as having chosen sides with the Phalange because of their long standing relationship with the Maronite community and also with the Gemayels. And you have groups in Lebanon, particularly a group which revolves around three individuals who have formed a coalition. An anti central government coalition led by Walid Jumblatt, who we've seen on TV quite a bit lately. The leader of the Druze community, who succeeded his father, Kamal Jumblatt when he was killed in the automobile accident a couple of years ago. Suleiman Frangieh, who is engaged in a blood feud with the Gemayels, who he accuses of having killed his son, and grandchildren in a raid on his house several years ago. And the third member of that Alliance is Rashid Karami, a longstanding political leader in the Sunni community. Three very important Lebanese political leaders. Three Zaims who have formed a rival government almost to the Lebanese central government. They have agreed to meet in Geneva with the leaders of the other communities and if you saw on television last night, pictures of the sessions, there were a number of different tables there. Each one with one of the various factions represented. Those negotiations will be exceedingly difficult. The reason is the same reason that you had umpteen cease fires in 1975, 76, and whenever fighting started up again. And that is that every time there is a law or a stop to the fighting, each of the Zuama assesses the situation and looks to see what his share or his group's share of the power within the Lebanese system is. If that share is less than it was the last time the fighting stopped or less than it was when the whole thing started in 1975, somebody is not going to be happy. Whoever it is that finds that will not be happy with the current situation and will restart the fighting in order to redistribute the power and get more of it for his faction. And so you had in 75 and 76, an endless succession of one, two, and three-day cease ceasefires. And nobody ever knew who it was that started up. And it really didn't make any difference because each time it was a different group that was starting the fighting, because each time it was a different group that found itself in a weaker position than it had been. And so any agreements to redistribute power, which is what the Frangieh, Karami and Jumblatt group is asking for is going to be very difficult to satisfy all of the groups. And so those talks in Geneva are liable to drag on and on and on. While those talks go on, the opposition groups will continue to see the Marines and the French as being sort of a protective cover under which the Lebanese army, which they read as being an extension of the Phalange in many ways, strengthens itself so that it can impose central authority in all of Lebanon. And impose essentially a Phalangist solution on Lebanon. And so you will have those groups opposing the presence of the Marines from now until the day they leave. Now, if the Marines were to pull out, as many people are calling for in this country today, what would almost undoubtedly happen would be a renewal of the 1975, 76 bloodbath. You would have the factions fighting each other in the same way that they were fighting each other then. The strongest faction for a time and perhaps for quite some time would be this, the Lebanese army. But the other groups would be getting support, not just from the Syrians, but from other groups within the Arab world and from their supporters, from their communities outside of Lebanon. The phalange for example, gets an awful lot of its support from Maronite Christians in this country who collect money and buy arms and send them the same way the Catholic send arms to the IRA in Ireland. Very similar kinds of arrangements. So the Marines in other words are caught, we are caught in a situation where it may well have been a mistake to put the Marines in, in the first place. I mean we probably ought to have insisted that somebody else do that job rather than having a superpowers forces in there and becoming a magnet for attack as any superpower forces in that situation would be. But if we are to pull them out now they've got to be replaced by something which will have enough strength to stop a renewal of the fighting. And the problem is that there doesn't seem to be anybody on the horizon who is willing to step forward and play that role, who could do it. And so we're caught very much in a no win situation. We probably shouldn't have put them in there in the first place, but now that they're there, we can't pull them out. And then it becomes a question from an American perspective of not getting them on different ground because you get them on different ground, and that's going to get some people in Lebanon very upset because they aren't going to see that as a defensive move on the part of the Marines. They're going to see that rather as an offensive move, to cover actions by the Lebanese and by the Lebanese army against them. And we've already made the mistake once of calling in fire and supportive of Lebanese army activities. Hopefully we will never make that mistake again. Some of the firing from the New Jersey was in direct support of Lebanese army maneuvers, Lebanese army activity. And it's not our place to play an active role in the Lebanese civil war. We're there to keep the factions apart so that they can try and talk out their differences. We're not there to support one faction against another. That's all I have to say at this point, if you've got any questions, I'd be happy to take them. Yes.\r\n\r\n- Would you please briefly define the way the political system of Lebanon from the democratic side, like how a president would be a Maronite, a prime minister would be a Sunni?\r\n\r\n- Okay. The Lebanese democracy is not a democracy as we know it. It is what political scientists call a confessional democracy. Where the positions are assigned based on the community. And it's a system which was created to deal with a political reality in Lebanon, in the 1940s, where all of the leaders were agreeable, that this was the only way that they could keep from fighting each other. In terms of my definition of democracy in an American sense, it's not democracy. But it's a system which was created to deal with a specific set of circumstances and worked reasonably well up until the mid 1970s. Now it worked for a time. The situation has changed. The situation's changed dramatically.\r\n\r\n- Do you think they'd keep the system for the now [indistinct]\r\n\r\n- The current division of power?\r\n\r\n- Mmh.\r\n\r\n- At this point I think it's too late to keep that system. I think that a realignment, perhaps I think any realignment is going to have to be based on some form of confessional democracy. The question is who gets what? And the fundamental question, which has to be answered before we can know whether those people meeting in Geneva or their successors somewhere else can come up with a new arrangement is whether or not those people and the people who they represent are sick and tired of the bloodshed. If they are, then they'll be able to reach an agreement. If they aren't, then they probably won't be able to reach an agreement. Because I think that the Shiites are not going to get, yeah, if an agreement were to be reached, say within the next six months, and I'll be very surprised if they can reach a new agreement on a new power sharing in that shorter period of time. If a new agreement were to be reached in the next six months or year, the Shiites are not going to get as much power as they would like. They are not going to have 50% of the top positions represent, if they are 50% of the population. The Maronites are going to have a disproportionate share of the power in any realignment. I think that's almost inevitable. The question is how much are they willing to give up and how much will satisfy the other groups. But to go to a direct election system, given the history of Lebanon, given people's identity with their, their confession, with theirs Zaim really not with their confession, I think is to dream, to dream an impossible dream, a dream that won't come true. To give you an example of the way in which people vote or voted cause they haven't voted in a long time in Lebanon. The Lebanese socialist party had as its leader Kamal Jumblatt. Kamal Jumblatt's position to the outside world in the array of Lebanese politics was as leader of the Lebanese Socialist Party. Seems straightforward enough. A political leader in charge of a party has a major position as a result of his position as the leader of that party. That had absolutely nothing to do with why Kamal Jumblatt had an important position in Lebanon. Kamal Jumblatt had an important position in Lebanon because he was the leader of the Druze community. The Druze voted for the Lebanese socialist party not because they were socialists, but because they owed allegiance to Kamal Jumblatt. Other Druze who did not owe allegiance to Kamal Jumblatt didn't vote for the socialist party. People didn't vote for the socialist party for ideological reasons. They voted for the socialist party because of allegiances, which had nothing to do with ideology. And I think that was the case, you know, up and down all the parties. So to create a direct election system, without some apportionment among those groups would be falling because it would break down, particularly with all the armaments that are there. You had a question? [indistinct]\r\n\r\n- Sent in for the second time.\r\n\r\n- For the second time and this was [indistinct]\r\n\r\n- Took place and the Phalanges or the Israelis, and others said that there were PLO fighters still in the camps, when in fact it appears that there were at most, a very small handful of them. A couple of, a dozen, two dozen, not the hundreds that the Israelis were talking about. The hundreds of armed people were the Palestinian militia who were supposed to stay.\r\n\r\n- And also, you said that we are supposed to be keeping parties apart. Looks to me like we are just getting shot at by anybody who's fighting?\r\n\r\n- We're getting shot at by those who feel that what we are doing-\r\n\r\n- We are not keeping anybody apart.\r\n\r\n- No, no, no, we are. Oh no, we are, We are keeping them apart. But what we are doing is we're in the middle there and we're keeping them from fighting each other all out. If you were to remove the Marines, I think what you would find would be that the forces allied with Frangieh, Karami and Jumblatt. I will not say the Druze cause it's not just the Druze. There are Sunnis involved, there are Maronites involved and there are Druze involved in that coalition and in the armed forces of that coalition. Those armed forces would open up open hostilities against the Lebanese army.\r\n\r\n- If that's what they want then why not?\r\n\r\n- And the reason that they are attacking the Marines is that without the Marines there, they can't do it. If they get the Marines out, then they can. And the Phalange probably wouldn't be too, sorry to see that happen either although they're in a different part of the area. Except that they may feel that the Marines are helping the Maronites hold onto what power they have. Yes.\r\n\r\n- In your assessment of the situation, you said that the marines are viewed by some of these forces as they are defending the army of the so called British government.\r\n\r\n- Right.\r\n\r\n- Which is viewed by these you know pertinent forces as the Phalange.\r\n\r\n- Right.\r\n\r\n- And you also went through a historical background about the Phalange, what it presents and how, what was this tradition? What I want to ask you is don't you see a better role for the American marines. The marines as we understand do the peacekeeping, and then it was soon engaged to fly along the side of the Japanese army, which is in essence the Phalange against the rest of the factions who are asking for the synchronization of the power.\r\n\r\n- I don't think they're really, they're just asking for more of the power.\r\n\r\n- Why do the marines have to have a strict peacekeeping force in that they wouldn't take any block, I mean not necessarily the Phalanges or even the other forces, just like the Italians and the British are doing In essence keeping\r\n\r\n- And the French too. That is why the Marines are there. That's the purpose for which they went in. As I said, there was one occasion on which they called in artillery fire from the New Jersey in support of Lebanese army activity in the mountains there. They haven't repeated that mistake. I think they understand now what a mistake that was. The problem is that where the Marines are placed is in a buffer between the two. And the opposing forces don't want to see the Lebanese army strengthened because they see it as a strengthening of the Phalange and the weakening of their position. And the fact that it will impose essentially a Phalangist solution on Lebanon. And so they want to prevent that and in order to prevent it they've got to get the Marines out of the way. It's in part a result of the fact of where the Marines are. Now that they are at the airport, which is in the buffer between the coalition forces and the central government forces. The central government controls it most now, 15% of the territory of Lebanon. They route in a little bit else. And that's about it. The Phalange control is much more, the Syrians control much more, the Israelis control much more of the land area of Lebanon. Yes.\r\n\r\n- Given that geographical back, their control of the territory, as well as the structure of the political allegiances you have talked about for at least the last hundred years, how appropriate is the whole concept of a nation for an area of the world like this and what potential does a partition hold for kind of extricating themselves in this kind of situation?\r\n\r\n- One thing that I didn't say at the beginning is that we're all used to hearing about how small Israel is. Lebanon is half the size pre 1967 Israel. If I'm not mistaken, it's about the size of Connecticut. I think that's the equivalent in size. It is extremely small. And if you're going to talk about partitioning a country that small, you're talking about a state which could not be economically viable. Lebanon had created an economic viability out of becoming a commercial and financial center. And what's very interesting, what's been very interesting to watch over the last half a dozen years or so, is that every time there is a low in the fighting, the Lebanese start rebuilding the economic infrastructure of that country. And from 1976, until 1981, they had Lebanon back where yes, we would still see destruction in Beirut, but by God, they had a lot of the offices were moving back to Beirut and things like that because they found that there was nowhere else in the middle East that they can really do business from. The creation of nation states in that part of the world in general is an experiment and an importation of Western ideology, of Western form of government. But in Lebanon I think there are a lot of preconditions for it to work. I think that the basic idea of power-sharing in Lebanon is accepted by everyone. The question is not, are you going to share a power? Are we going to live together in a Lebanese state, but rather who will have how much of the power as we live together in a Lebanese state? And will we have a regular mechanism for re sharing that power. That was the major flaw in the national pact of 1943. There was no mechanism for reallocating power. No mechanism for changing that allocation of power. And yeah, there can be no question that the, the outside influences on Lebanon, the presence of the Palestinians, the Israeli raids in the South, the Israeli invasions of the South, the Syrian belief that Lebanon should be part of greater Syria again. All of that helps to destabilize the situation there. It's an exceedingly complex situation, which the media had grossly over simplified. And it's not one which lends itself to easy solutions. Defacto partition may be the result of a new type of power-sharing in a continuing Lebanese state. And I said from 1976, until 1982, you had a de facto partition. And that may be what emerges as they realign the internal political framework. Is there a question the back there? Yeah.\r\n\r\n- I was wondering what role does the individual refugee, say in Beirut play. What role does that individual have in some of your-\r\n\r\n- Like the individual refugee like the individual Lebanese does his or her best to keep their head down. There are in the North of Lebanon still by the agreement that was reached in the summer of 1982, there are still PLO fighting forces in the North of Lebanon. In the Beirut area I haven't heard that they're really participating at this point. Any question over here?\r\n\r\n- Yeah. Talk about the marines. When the us government sends those thousand marines or whatever, and they knew that they were going to be in danger, in Syrian government. Do you think that they really send those marines as peacekeeping post as they said or just as power because as everybody knows, if they're not there, there's other power there which you-\r\n\r\n- You mean the Russians?\r\n\r\n- Right, I think, go ahead.\r\n\r\n- Do you think the Lebanese have to be the target for the Russians to allow the states to struggle?\r\n\r\n- That's a very good question. I wish I had a clear reading on that. I guess it was about two or three weeks ago now. I took, when you live in Virginia, you can get up to Washington and I took a group of my students up to the Lebanese embassy. And it was very interesting to hear the way in which the Lebanese ambassador to the United States portrays the situation. Because he portrays the situation as one in which the United States and the Lebanese central government are defending the interests of the West and democracy against the tentacles of the Soviet octopus, which is trying to take over the middle East one domino at a time. And then if we let democratic Lebanon go, then who knows what will be next? And they can point to the fact that there are now 7,000 Russian troops manning Syrian posts in Syria. And that is since the summer of 1982 that most of them came in. There are 7,000 Russian military personnel in Syria. They have sealed off large areas along the Syrian Lebanese border and along the Syrian Israeli front. And they don't even let the Syrians in there. Now, the anti-aircraft missiles are manned by the Russians. And there are whole areas where they're keeping the Syrians out just as they did in Egypt, in the late sixties, in the early seventies. And, you know, given the way in which the current administration thinks it may well be that part of their thinking was that if we don't have somebody on the ground there, then we won't be able to use that as a counterbalance should the Russians think about moving in. The fact that they're there in the back of the minds of people in the administration, I'm sure is seen as a guarantee against the Russians moving yet. So, you know, whether that's reality or not, that may be the way that they're seeing it. I think that that may have played a role in the decision to go in. I think the basic reason for going in was to prevent a wider war. To prevent a war that would involve the Syrians and the Israelis fighting over Lebanon, not over their own countries and would have threatened to pull the United States in supporting the Israelis and the Russians supporting the Syrians. I don't think that any of those, neither the Israelis, nor the Syrians, nor the Americans, nor the Russians want to see that happen. And so I think that they have all sort of arranged it so that the countervailing forces are there to stop it from happening. But it may well play a role in administration thinking. If I were in the administration, it wouldn't play a role in my thinking. But in their thinking, it may very well. Yes.\r\n\r\n- You said a minute ago, a while back [indistinct] that the Gemayel government\r\n\r\n- Not the Gemayel government. I don't think, I think that from everything that I have seen, Amine Gemayel has separated himself to a not inconsiderable degree from the Phalange. The question is whether his father is willing to give up enough and whether the other Zuama of the Maronite community are willing to go as far as he might be willing to go. See, I think he has begun to see for himself a role outside that of a Phalangist leader, outside that of a Maronite leader. That of the man who brought peace to Lebanon and redistributed power in a way that made everyone happy. He was, unlike his brother who was the leader of the Phalangist militia, Bachir Gemayel. Unlike his brother, he has never been very closely identified with the Phalange. He's been politically identified, but not militarily and not with the more extreme elements the way his brother was. And it is thought by many people likely in fact, that his brother was assassinated by people within the Phalange who saw his brother moving in the same direction that Amine Gemayel has gone and they they didn't want that. Because that almost had to be somebody with inside access who did that.\r\n\r\n- Do you see him being able to pull that off- [Indistinct]\r\n\r\n- The fundamental question is whether there's been enough bloodshed to make everybody sick and tired of it and ready for a solution. That's the fundamental question. I think there were signs in the early eighties that there had been. At least that was what I was hearing from my politically astute students who were going back and forth. Now my Lebanese students who were going back and forth, they aren't nearly so optimistic at this point. Not even, they aren't as optimistic now as they were even in about 1978. Last question, yeah.\r\n\r\n- What do you think your stand is on the new Israeli government? What do you think their stand is-\r\n\r\n- Israel has a real problem in Lebanon. A real problem. Political problem, internal Israeli political problem. There was a rather bellicose group within the Likud block that was able to sell the rest of the Likud block on the invasion of Lebanon in 1982. They thought, I think, and they sold this idea to their cohorts in the cabinet, that it would be a relatively quick in and out for fairly limited objectives, which were attainable, militarily attainable. It showed a gross misunderstanding of what was going on in Lebanon to think that that would happen. And there's a lot of evidence that much of the disillusion and disappointment that led to Bagan depression, which led to his resignation, because I think there's very little question really that that's why he resigned aside from his wife's death, which was very important, was the failure to achieve even those limited ends. And although we don't see it on a regular basis, the fact that on a weekly basis, there are still casualty reports in Israeli newspapers of Israeli soldiers being killed in Lebanon and being wounded in Lebanon and there was a very deep division within Israel over the invasion from the very beginning. Even when it looked like they might get what they were after. There was a deep division in Israel over whether or not they should have gone in, and that division has widened. It has not narrowed. And so I think what the Israelis, the reason that the Israelis had the unilateral redeployment, which was really a withdrawal from the Schiff mountains, which led in many respects to the recent fighting, was that for domestic political reasons, they've got to pull back as much as they can out of Lebanon. And I think the new government in Israel is under the same pressures to do that. The Bagan's government was. The exact same pressures, domestic Israeli pressures, having nothing to do with American names in the area, having nothing to do with internal Lebanese politics, having nothing to do with Israel's relations with Egypt or with Syria or with the United States or with anybody else. It's purely internal politics. And the fact that you have what is a very weak government in Israel with a very, very paper thin coalition that over an important issue could fall at almost any time and have to face the public in a general election and have to account for what happened in Lebanon. They want to be able to get out and not have those weekly casualty reports. It's been a very, very divisive issue in Israel. Now irrespective of anything else having to do with what happened as a result of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Thank you all very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36615/file/105722#t=0.0,2222.18449"}]}]}]}