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Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9v97zx2g"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1987-10-26"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Myers, Norman (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Nuclear warfare--Environmental aspects","Nuclear winter","Climatic changes","Nuclear warfare--Physiological effect"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Biological Consequence of Nuclear War is an October 27, 1987 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Norman Myers. 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Sponsored by the committee are lectures from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=7.32,9.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by government student body. Dr. Norman Myers has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=9.91,13.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consulted for the United Nations Food and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=13.65,15.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Agriculture Organization the U.S. National Academy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=15.42,18.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Science the United Nations Environmental","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=18.63,20.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Program the World Wildlife Fund the World Bank the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=20.52,23.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"U.S. Agency for International Development U.S.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=23.6,26.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Department of Energy the Royal Swedish Academy of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=26.55,29.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Science the World Resources Institute and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=29.37,31.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Smithsonian Institute and a field researcher in 80","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=31.5,34.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different countries. His books include The Primary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=34.41,37.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Source A Wealth of Wild Species Conversion of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=37.29,41.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tropical Forests The Sinking Arc The Long African","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=41.34,45.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Day and over 100 scientific papers and 300 popular","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=45.15,48.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"articles. He co-authored Long Term Biological","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=48.84,52.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Consequences of Nuclear War with Paul Airlink Carl","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=52.23,55.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sagan and Stephen Jeggle. Please welcome back to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=55.59,58.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Norman Myers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=58.8,59.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hi Carl. Delighted to be with you in sunny Iowa. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=64.74,69.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was here a few years back and enjoyed myself on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=69.5,73.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that occasion. Glad to be back with you here on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=73.05,75.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this occasion. And if you're all on network and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=75.84,79.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having no problems with my foreign accent let's go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=79.83,82.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Go. Because I don't have all that long hyperfocus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=82.8,85.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spiel for about half an hour or so and I'm unsure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=85.45,88.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if your slides in the way. And then I'll be very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=88.44,90.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"glad to field questions and fearless your comments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=90.75,93.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your reactions criticism disagreements whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=93.87,96.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right. Let's go on to winter. About five years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=97.96,101.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ago I got together in Cambridge Mass. With one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=101.76,105.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hundred other scientists Paul Alec and those folks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=105.74,110.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to talk about the climatic and environmental","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=111.15,113.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"repercussions of nuclear war. And most of their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=113.52,117.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scientists were Americans. But those folks have on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=117.15,120.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Britain West Germany Iceland France Italy Egypt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=120.27,123.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"India Kenya Venezuela Brazil Japan and the Soviet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=123.96,128.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Union. So it's a real good international gathering.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=128.52,131.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And by the end of that week we came up with a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=132.66,136.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather astonishing conclusion a conclusion that I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=136.44,140.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never expected that we would reach. As I'm sure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=140.44,143.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those of you who are scientists know that when you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=143.64,146.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get 10 scientists in one room they're unlikely to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=146.07,149.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agree on the time of day or the state of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=149.25,151.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weather outside the window and where they get. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=151.02,153.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you get scientists from many different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=153.54,155.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disciplines and scientists from different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=155.85,158.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countries and there's a whole 100 of them it's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=158.28,161.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unlikely that they're going to agree on what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=161.16,163.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're called and what they're talking about. But","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=163.14,165.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of them. By the Friday afternoon it appeared","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=165.09,168.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"evident that we should subscribe to a conclusion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=168.18,171.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on all those scientists put their names to it. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=172.77,174.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the conclusion went like this at an event of a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=174.96,177.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nuclear exchange. Even a moderate scale nuclear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=177.66,180.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exchange. The number of people who would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=180.84,183.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eventually die as a direct consequence of that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=183.72,186.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nuclear war would be in the order of two billion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=186.96,190.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people around the world. That would be more than","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=191.22,195.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would die as a direct and immediate consequence of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=195.03,198.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their blast. The flash the fires the heat the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=198.54,203.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immediate radiation problems sometimes. So all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=203.01,206.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those folks who are dying in quotes are normal as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=206.37,209.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a normal consequence of nuclear war would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=209.85,213.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exceeded in number by those who had died by virtue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=213.45,217.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of environmental consequences. That is extreme","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=217.11,219.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cold and lack of food. The climatic consequences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=219.72,224.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we determined would be sanctioned. That would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=226.23,228.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hardly anything to grow for many months and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=228.27,232.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"possibly for several years in virtually any part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=232.14,235.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the world. Following an exchange. Well it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=235.11,238.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our bottom line conclusion. Let me tell you how we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=238.41,240.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arrived at it. First of all we looked at the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=240.87,243.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"number of weapons available and how what kind of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=243.06,246.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"explosive power that was never considered. How","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=246.03,249.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those weapons will be used and where they were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=250.02,252.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"likely to be definitely did. And then we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=252.12,254.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"considered some of the climatic repercussions and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=254.13,257.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then went on to the environmental backlash. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=257.25,260.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what that would mean for agriculture and hence for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=260.37,263.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the key question of everybody's life which is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=263.7,265.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where said going to come from today. So the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=265.62,269.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question of weapons love on the world today about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=269.37,274.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"17 megatons of nuclear explosive power. So what's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=275.04,280.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the megaton. One megaton is one million tons of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=280.96,285.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TNT equivalent. Well that doesn't tell you much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=285.36,287.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Hiroshima bomb was one eight years of a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=288.6,293.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"megaton AQ Hiroshima bombs make a one megaton.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=293.73,296.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've got 70000 megatons. This is as high as 17000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=297.11,301.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"megatons or the explosive power use in world. To","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=301.47,305.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the shells. Bombs bullets grenades whatever","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=305.37,308.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"amounted about three megatons. All put together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=308.62,312.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one nuclear device now can contain 10 megatons if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=312.87,317.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ever. If you doesn't do that it's possible. One of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=317.88,321.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your attack submarines which is right now beneath","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=321.09,324.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the surface of the ocean. Goodness knows where. If","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=324.81,327.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it gets a message to fire for its missiles will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=327.68,330.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"release at least 10 megatons. That will be three","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=330.51,333.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"times more than all the explosive power in World","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=333.81,337.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"War two and will be enough to back to knock the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=337.02,340.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviet Union right back to the Stone Age if not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=340.44,343.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"further. And conversely of course each of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=343.17,345.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviet Union's submarines has the capacity to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=345.93,349.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. The United States 17000 about 8000 megatons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=349.35,353.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"held by the United States about 8000 held by the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=353.55,357.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviet Union policy team. The other 1000. Well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=357.24,361.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Britain has maybe 200 funds 200 China 200. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=361.17,365.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then there are the little bits and pieces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=365.19,366.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scattered around. So those are the weapons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=367.17,371.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"available. Now we figure that in a nuclear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=371.31,374.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exchange not all of those weapons for a long long","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=374.34,378.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way would be used. In fact the baseline scenario","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=378.78,381.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we used for the exchange was only 5000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=381.6,385.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"megatons. We figured that a lot of the weapons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=385.74,389.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would malfunction. A lot would be destroyed in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=389.91,393.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"missile sites. A lot will be destroyed during the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=393.0,397.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flight path. Only 5000 will be detonated. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=397.17,402.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's less than one third of all that is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=402.91,404.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"available. That's the baseline scenario. Where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=404.85,407.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would they be detonated. Well mainly of course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=407.13,410.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the Soviet Union and the United States but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=410.76,412.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also over the United States allies. That means","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=412.98,415.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Britain and other countries of Western Europe and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=416.07,418.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NATO got quite a lot over Poland Czechoslovakia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=418.53,421.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"East Germany. So on time but also and this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=421.83,425.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important. A lot of weapons would fall outside the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=425.51,428.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"main mid latitude zone in the northern hemisphere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=428.78,432.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For instance one of the immediate targets would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=432.72,435.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the oil wells in the Middle East and oil wells in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=436.86,440.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other parts of the world like in Mexico Indonesia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=440.23,443.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ecuador Gabon Fada Quantong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=443.85,447.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also immediate targets would be the Suez Canal and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=449.97,452.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Panama Canal. For obvious reasons other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=452.64,456.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weapons would fall outside the main target zone in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=456.24,458.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Northern Hemisphere because one of the key","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=458.82,461.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strategic factors is to find the other guy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=461.73,464.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"submarines. And the way to do that is to engage in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=464.91,467.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"carpet bombing in areas where you think that there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=467.76,471.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might be. You can figure that the Soviet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=471.36,473.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"submarines will be between 100 miles and a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=473.4,476.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thousand miles off the Atlantic coast and off the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=476.03,478.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coast of California. Well it is possible to find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=478.65,480.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to find them and hit them by dropping many many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=481.02,484.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many small nuclear weapons in those two oceans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=484.2,487.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there are some Soviet submarines might be in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=487.81,489.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the South Atlantic or in the South Pacific. Well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=489.66,491.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"look get them wherever they are no matter how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=491.69,494.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"widely bombs they're scattered. Go and get them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=494.4,496.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"similar. The Soviet Union would strike immediately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=497.26,500.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are there various weapons control centers in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=500.44,503.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"missile guidance sites the harbor facilities the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=503.35,508.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"submarine facilities which are scattered all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=509.76,511.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around the world. There are some in Australia some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=511.56,514.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in South America some in South Africa lots in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=514.14,517.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Canada. The Soviet Union would go after those. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=517.62,520.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by and large while the biggest exchange by far","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=520.59,523.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be in the mid latitudes of the Northern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=524.13,525.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hemisphere it would also be maybe 1000 megatons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=525.9,529.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scattered all around the world. Let's just have a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=529.56,532.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"look at a couple of opening slides if we can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=532.77,534.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"persuade this machine to work. Get job here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=535.08,538.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opening a deafening slide and then the next one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=538.53,541.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This opening slide shows a Vivi's exchange","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=551.1,554.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scenarios we had in mind at a meeting in Cambridge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=554.89,558.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=562.56,563.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway let just got a little more detail here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=568.21,571.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while we're waiting for that one to come up. We","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=571.17,572.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"figured that we needed several cities to know if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=572.58,575.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the baseline scenario 5000 megatons about two and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=575.29,577.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a half thousand years on either side. We also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=577.77,580.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"figured we need to consider you know a scenario","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=580.35,584.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where to be kind of all but it's better to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=584.16,585.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10000 megatons. And we also looked at a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=585.96,588.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very small scenarios using only 100 megatons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=588.67,592.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bearing in mind that 100 megatons is worth a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=593.01,595.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thousand Hiroshima type bombs. That one is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=595.4,598.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually on its side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=598.56,599.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're getting a good look back to the reason my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=601.87,605.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concentrated on the one hundred megatons you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=605.4,607.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it is a very important for purposes of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=608.01,610.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nuclear winter. Well we'll look it up for a few","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=610.17,613.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moments. And it shows the various scenarios in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=613.83,618.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=618.25,618.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Down the left hand column you can see the various","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=623.42,625.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pieces devotion as you know is welcome. Sitting to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=625.45,628.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your D is the main one. 5000 megatons. The bottom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=628.39,633.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"line of all is 10000 megatons. So now you see the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=633.2,636.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one in the middle is one hundred megatons. Another","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=636.35,639.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two. We don't need to take note of. And then let's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=639.58,642.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a look at the second slider. Let's move on. A","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=642.41,647.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"typical objective a little bit please. What","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=647.29,650.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happens when a nuclear weapon is exploded either","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=650.57,655.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ground level or a little bit above ground level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=655.1,658.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well we've all seen pictures of the famous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=658.04,660.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mushroom cloud which goes shoring up through the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=660.74,663.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"troposphere and the stratosphere. You see two","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=663.47,667.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mushroom there. That one I left is for 40 kilotons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=667.88,671.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a very small nuclear device. And that would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=671.66,674.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say the troposphere but larger will be sucked up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=674.63,677.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the stratosphere. Now this distinction is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=677.84,680.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very important. The troposphere goes up to about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=680.6,684.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"30000 feet. And that is where Earth's climate and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=684.29,688.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weather takes place. You will know when you've","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=688.43,690.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been on an airplane as fast as it can be or she","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=690.65,693.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can. The pilot climbs to 30000 feet because above","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=693.74,697.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there's going to be much more stability a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=697.67,699.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less buckling of the airplane. No hardly any winds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=699.32,702.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"above 30000 feet. There's no rain. There are no","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=702.81,706.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clouds. All that happens below 30000 feet in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=706.01,708.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"top of Sfeir explosions which are contained within","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=708.59,712.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the top a sphere that is which left an awful lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=712.01,714.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of soot and dust and gunk of that sort. Up to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=714.5,718.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let's say 20 25 thousand feet. Well all that can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=718.04,722.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again fairly rapidly falls back to Earth back to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=722.99,726.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"earth by winds. And if not then by rains it gets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=726.26,729.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rained out. But stuff which breaches the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=729.71,732.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"troposphere and goes into the stratosphere is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=732.92,735.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"likely to stay there for a very long time indeed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=735.5,738.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there's no weather that a few winds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=738.5,740.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's no rain at all. It's going to stay there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=740.96,743.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for years. What kind of stuff would go up there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=743.45,746.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well a lot of smoke. For one thing consider how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=746.93,751.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much smoke can be generated by burning. And think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=751.28,754.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the experiment you've no doubt done in high","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=754.76,756.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school. You took a glass and you held it upside","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=756.49,758.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down. You're stuck a match and you held a match","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=758.15,760.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the glass and the smoke goes inside the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=761.0,763.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"glass and not very much smoke from a single match.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=763.01,765.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But all the same it is enough to deposit a smoky","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=765.47,768.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"film within the glass and it shuts out or like it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=768.05,771.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've all done that that kind of that kind of an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=771.71,773.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experiment in a new exact change to be an awful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=773.9,776.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot of burning going on especially in the cities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=776.6,780.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and over forests. Cities would burn like torches.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=780.83,784.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This building that we're sitting in right now has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=785.03,787.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an awful lot of patrol limited this floor. That","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=787.25,790.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"line of stuff right there is plastic and plastic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=790.46,793.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is petroleum. This table a lot of the ceiling the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=793.91,797.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"walls those curtains they're almost certainly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=797.54,799.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synthetic. That is petroleum. Get those going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=799.67,802.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they'll go woosh they'll almost explode. They've","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=802.5,804.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got so much petroleum in there and in the walls","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=804.71,808.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's an enormous amount of electric wiring much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=809.24,814.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much more plastic again in this building. Well it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=814.73,818.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a group of buildings like this. Maybe Ames Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=818.77,821.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"isn't big enough. But if we get to a place like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=821.96,823.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them Wayne or Minneapolis there's enough plastic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=824.15,827.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there enough petroleum now to start a firestorm. A","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=827.36,831.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"firestorm is a phenomenon that occurs when so much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=832.05,834.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"burning going on that the fire develops a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=834.74,838.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tremendous appetite or thirst for oxygen. And the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=838.58,841.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"winds begin to rush in at ground level to this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=841.49,845.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"firestorm. And that increases the power the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=845.28,847.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"firestorm. And it's a self-feeding phenomenon. The","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=847.64,850.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more it burns the more it sucks an oxygen. The","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=850.65,852.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heart of the winds blow pushing in more more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=852.86,854.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"oxygen the higher the thing the harder thing burns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=854.6,857.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's why a lot of the stuff goes right up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=857.57,859.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the stratosphere. The result of a nuclear war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=859.19,863.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be to deposit many millions many millions of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=863.39,868.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tons of smoke and dust right up into the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=868.34,872.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stratosphere. And the consequence of that would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=872.33,875.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pretty much shut out sunlight. Anywhere between","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=875.63,880.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"50 and 95 percent of sunlight will be shut out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=880.31,883.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"altogether. If you're shut out. And 85 percent of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=883.82,887.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sunlight then you have conditions like an a bright","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=887.45,889.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moonlit night. And if shut out 95 percent of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=889.46,892.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ambient light conditions which are so dark is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=892.49,896.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difficult to find your way along the street on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=896.0,897.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this about a torturous speed like 50 percent to 50","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=897.8,901.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"percent loss. It's like Twilight or DAYBREAK.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=901.67,904.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's hardly enough light to read a newspaper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=905.28,907.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now again you all know you don't even have to go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=908.81,911.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to high school today. In fact a lot of the stuff","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=911.57,913.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we figured out at this conference was that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=913.55,916.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such funds are high powered science. It was basic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=916.19,919.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"analysis sort of thing that anybody. Do you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=920.18,923.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that when you turn out the sunlight you're also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=923.26,926.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"switching off the heat. And temperatures would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=926.29,929.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plunge. We figured out that there were plans by a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=929.47,933.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very long way to move this chemical plant by a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=933.7,938.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very long way in some scenarios as low as 30","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=938.28,942.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"degrees centigrade below freezing. And that is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=942.94,945.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very very cold indeed. That is colder than you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=945.85,948.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would ever get it in a normal Iowa winter. On this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=948.19,952.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"diagram here you see the top dotted line. There's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=952.87,956.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a label on the left and the right hand side saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=956.14,958.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ambient temperature it's about 13 degrees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=958.39,961.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"centigrade or 55 60 degrees Fahrenheit. That is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=962.32,966.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the average year round for the entire planet. It's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=966.82,971.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a nice and warm good spring day but it wasn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=971.23,974.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough. And then the other dotted line at nought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=974.95,979.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"degrees is pointing to a freezing point of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=979.03,981.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we have several scenarios there. Let's take","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=982.32,985.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most severe one the one bodging light down to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=985.93,989.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the bottom. That is the best case 17. Ten thousand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=989.08,993.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"megatons severe. That is if there's an all make a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=993.79,997.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big change. Note how fast the temperature plunges","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=997.06,999.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the bottom scale of the of the graphic what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=999.91,1002.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they say time post and they say in days 100 200","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1003.74,1007.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"300. Note that in just the first the first few","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1007.49,1011.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days the temperature plunges way below freezing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1011.64,1014.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it is freezing late around the clock day as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1015.69,1018.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well as night. And within just 10 or 15 20 days it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1018.27,1022.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gets down to 20 degrees below zero. And then after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1022.89,1026.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a couple of months it would go to 40 45 even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1026.19,1029.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"approaching 50 degrees below zero. Now that's the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1030.51,1033.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most severe scenario. But some of the other ones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1033.66,1036.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are somewhat mild but they are much fun. You see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1036.93,1039.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the next one 55000 megatons case 16. That one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1039.6,1044.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plant is way way below zero down to about 25","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1044.43,1047.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"degrees below zero. After 100 days or so. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1047.16,1051.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"notice how long the temperature stays below zero","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1051.15,1053.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a year or more before it'll even about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1054.33,1059.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"freezing point. Now have a look also at the one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1059.13,1064.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you see where says ambient temperature top right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1065.65,1068.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now. Just go to the left of that and you'll see a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1069.18,1071.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"line and you'll see a case 14 100 megatons nominal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1071.01,1076.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cities only. This is a scenario that we looked at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1076.57,1080.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to see what would happen if very few megatons were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1080.49,1082.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used. And you see even that scenario almost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1082.89,1086.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immediately. The temperature plunges to minus 20","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1086.37,1089.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"degrees below zero 20 degrees centigrade below","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1089.25,1093.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"zero. Very very cold. It doesn't stay there for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1093.39,1096.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long but it takes about 80 days before the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1096.21,1100.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"temperature gets back about freezing. And it takes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1100.2,1102.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 100 days three months before it gets back to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1102.51,1106.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my normal. That is amply long enough to hit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1106.52,1109.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agriculture on the head several times over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1109.47,1111.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the climatic impact that we worked out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1113.97,1117.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"five years ago. Now some folks especially Steve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1117.48,1119.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schneider at the National Atmospheric the National","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1119.88,1123.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1123.33,1124.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Colorado. He has worked out some other data and he","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1124.83,1128.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"figures we're not into nuclear winter but will be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1128.14,1130.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into nuclear fall. This situation would be quite","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1130.47,1133.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sure wouldn't be quite so bad but it would still","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1133.78,1135.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be quite bad enough to do all the damage that we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1135.63,1138.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"need. This is a map of temperatures in July right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1138.42,1143.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around the world. The blue stuff the dark blue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1144.72,1147.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stuff right at the top is freezing freezing. Just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1147.48,1151.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know where it is. And here is where it would be 10","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1151.44,1154.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days after a nuclear exchange in July. Note how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1154.26,1158.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of North America or the western half of North","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1158.91,1161.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America is freezing because of a cold patch","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1161.67,1165.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extending come about down to Kansas I guess to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1165.45,1168.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Missouri and also in Western Europe. There's a big","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1168.0,1172.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cold freezing patch and back to the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1172.2,1174.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"becomes very cold. The dark restaff which is a big","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1174.84,1178.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tongue hanging down from the Soviet Union toward","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1178.35,1181.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"India. That is not much above freezing but it cold","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1181.2,1184.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weather. Let's just get back to the other side of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1184.98,1187.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is as we are normally in July and that is as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1187.62,1191.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are ten days after a nuclear exchange also in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1191.25,1195.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"July. Now what does all this do to plants. Well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1195.51,1200.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plants react in three different ways. And we'll","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1200.91,1203.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think about plants before we get onto humans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1203.22,1205.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because after all all or flashiest plants or the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1205.41,1208.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bible says without plants they might well pack up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1208.14,1211.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and go home. If you've got any herb to go to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1211.35,1213.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Plants are what sustain. All our agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1213.54,1216.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plants react in three ways. Festival is the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1217.35,1220.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"severity. Of the cold that it is. Five to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1221.28,1225.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"centigrade below normal or 10. If you're going to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1225.0,1227.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go below freezing. On second factor is the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1227.57,1231.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"duration of the freezing. How long will it go on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1231.32,1234.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for. 10 days or two months of the whole year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1234.47,1237.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Under 10 days. In most cases is enough to give a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1238.76,1242.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plan. A shock a terminal shock. The third factor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1242.18,1246.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the time of year at which the freezing comes on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1246.59,1249.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the plants outside the window right now are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1250.79,1255.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going through what they call a hardening process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1255.83,1257.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they've been had since early September to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1257.85,1260.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think about it because that was when the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1260.75,1262.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"temperature started to drop by now. Late October","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1262.04,1266.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've had two months or so and they'll be pretty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1266.24,1268.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much set the pad adapted to the freezing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1268.82,1272.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"temperatures that they're going to get every night","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1272.69,1274.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for a lot of the days as normal for next","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1274.85,1277.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several months. And they'll be able to survive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1277.76,1280.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"winter wheat trees grasses. They'll have a hard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1280.43,1284.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time of it but they'll be able to survive because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1284.12,1285.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've had this amount of preparation. If however","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1285.9,1288.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"next spring were to come around then by April May.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1290.18,1294.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The plans are saying oh we'll be nice. Warm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1294.17,1296.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"temperatures again during the day. But a little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1296.27,1298.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"frost at night and they abandon all their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1298.34,1300.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hardening and they abandon that in just a few days","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1300.53,1303.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a week 10 days at the most. And that's it because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1303.77,1306.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then they go into a different phase again to the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1306.65,1308.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"growth phase and they go rogue. ROGOW as fast as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1308.54,1311.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they can. The fundamental physiology of the planet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1311.12,1313.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"change. And if they're switching off their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1313.88,1317.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hardening and going into a green haze if they are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1317.33,1320.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then hit by even a mild frost that can be curtains","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1320.69,1324.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for them especially if they get cold during the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1324.29,1327.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day. What is worst of all for plants is to be hit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1327.41,1331.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by just a little bit of cold and they struggle as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1331.04,1334.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"best they can to get back into the hardening. Then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1334.19,1336.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after two or three days things get warm again and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1336.41,1338.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they beat a big sigh of relief. Thank God. Thank","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1338.69,1340.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"God that's over. Now I can get back to normal. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1340.61,1343.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then three or four days later find another cold","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1343.61,1346.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"snap. Might not even go as cold as freezing. May","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1346.07,1348.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be only be down to 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Wouldn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1349.07,1353.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be a cold. The plants are really caught with our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1353.63,1356.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pants down as you might say. They're going the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1356.15,1358.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opposite direction to be able to tolerate even a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1358.52,1363.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"small degree of cold. And if you hit them three or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1363.2,1365.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four times with just minor spasms of cold over a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1365.81,1370.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period of about a month that is enough to kill","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1370.03,1373.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them in a nuclear fall. Not a nuclear winter but a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1373.01,1376.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nuclear fall. This is precisely what would hit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1376.46,1379.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them in spring or summer. Short bursts of moderate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1379.04,1384.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to severe cold. Have a look at the map again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1385.43,1387.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll see that in the Great Plains from the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1388.06,1391.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rockies eastwards. It's not gonna be too cold","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1391.46,1394.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except for that patch of green. It won't be all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1394.46,1396.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that so severely cold but there will be these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1396.5,1398.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pulses of cold and that that will be enough to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1398.69,1401.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knock off all the wheat all the maize soybean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1401.18,1404.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"barley potatoes oats. What have you heard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1404.27,1408.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anything in this country would die. It wouldn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1408.53,1410.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just failed to Raichlen or failed to produce. It","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1410.99,1413.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would die on the same in Western Europe and in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1413.36,1416.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviet Union. Well let us have it too detailed for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1416.15,1420.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us to go into much of this station in the case of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1420.25,1422.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Serguei and for one feel just enough to be held to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1422.32,1425.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the slide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1427.06,1427.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This could consider then what would happen if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1429.98,1433.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who survived the nuclear exchange Lella say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1433.82,1436.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you folks survive the main attack that the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1436.73,1440.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"main war and it's all over and you'll start to get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1440.18,1444.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hungry. And it's pretty darn cold. May not be all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1444.38,1447.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that severely cold but cold enough. And you want","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1447.98,1451.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something to eat. Well if you're sitting right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1451.43,1453.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here and I'm sure I can always go and read one of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1453.5,1455.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those grain silos provided it's not been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1455.72,1457.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contaminated with ionizing radiation you'd be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1458.54,1461.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lucky to find one that hadn't. But just supposing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1461.18,1463.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you could. Well it'll be fine. But if a New York","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1463.76,1465.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"City where you're going to go for food New York","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1465.92,1469.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"City has enough food within his bounds to last for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1469.22,1471.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only four or five days. Okay. I say we'll go up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1471.77,1474.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into New Jersey and Connecticut and so on. There's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1474.86,1477.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough food there to last New York City for only a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1477.74,1480.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"week or 10 days two weeks at the very outside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1480.68,1483.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Remember that these conditions are going to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1484.4,1485.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"persist for many weeks. In fact for months pushing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1485.66,1490.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a campaign store to keep yourself going for just a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1490.84,1493.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"few months you might be saying well but what about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1493.7,1495.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"next. What about the next agriculture. There won't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1495.41,1498.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be any any agriculture because the cops will have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1498.65,1500.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been killed. You would have to find enough food to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1500.77,1503.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"keep you going for several months maybe four even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1503.69,1506.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe if for as long as a year. And that is why","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1507.02,1510.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"virtually all the survivors of the nuclear attack","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1510.65,1513.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the nuclear war itself would find themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1513.83,1516.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without food and not just in your country but in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1516.74,1519.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other countries too. The cold would tend to extend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1519.11,1521.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the. Topics in the equatorial zone where the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1521.6,1524.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plants are even more sensitive to cold rice is a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1524.26,1527.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crop which has had millions of years of evolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1527.59,1530.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and adaptation to permanent warm temperatures. It","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1531.13,1534.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has never ever in its millions of years known what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1534.97,1538.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is to be suddenly and significantly cold. A","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1538.03,1541.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plant like that won't survive even two or three","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1541.96,1544.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days of really short sharp snap of cold weather.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1544.3,1548.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Blace sustained two billion people in the tropics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1548.69,1552.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Think of all those people in India. Three quarters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1552.04,1553.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a billion there. Well over one billion people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1553.99,1556.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in China in those countries alone as well. Over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1556.09,1559.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one and a half billion people who depend on rice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1559.24,1561.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to keep body and soul together. And they wouldn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1561.79,1563.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have any life signs on around other parts of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1563.44,1567.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world. But consider New Zealand though New Zealand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1567.34,1570.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well it used to be said Carl Sagan once said that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1570.16,1574.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it wouldn't be any use buying a quick one way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1574.84,1577.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flight to New Zealand. Macassar New Zealand will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1577.39,1580.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be hit by the cold. It now appears according to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1580.03,1582.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these in a new scenario that New Zealand might not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1582.82,1585.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be hit by cold or dark very much at all. And so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1585.58,1589.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New Zealand could keep on growing food for a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1589.37,1592.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little while. Consider what would or would also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1592.03,1595.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have happened. There would be no shipping around","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1595.27,1598.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the world except what was in New Zealand would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1598.48,1600.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no oil around the world. All the oil terminals the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1600.85,1604.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"oil wells would have been destroyed in the first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1604.33,1606.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"few minutes of a nuclear exchange. New Zealand has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1606.4,1609.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no oil of its own. Think of how New Zealand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1609.22,1612.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"farmers are going to be able to London machinery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1612.07,1614.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and get fertilizers and pesticides and high","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1614.77,1618.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yielding grains and all the other things they need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1618.4,1621.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make agriculture tick. Agriculture is now so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1621.1,1624.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high tech you could all and so industrialised that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1624.97,1628.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agriculture is really a way of transforming oil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1628.6,1631.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into stuff that can be eaten. We use those fields","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1632.17,1635.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out there. There's Masefield as a way to enable us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1635.23,1637.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to sit down with a knife and fork to a Super Bowl","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1638.26,1640.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of oil every evening. That is what modern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1640.75,1643.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agriculture amounts to. New Zealand without oil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1643.12,1646.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would find its agriculture would also be coming to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1646.48,1648.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a pretty swift end. So that's the brief account of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1649.24,1654.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why the environmental climatic and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1655.21,1657.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"environmental. Then finally the agricultural","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1657.76,1659.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consequences of nuclear war would be exceedingly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1659.68,1662.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bad. News would be most likely be terminally bad","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1662.14,1665.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"news for people right around the world even as far","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1665.05,1667.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as New Zealand. A few final moments. What does","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1667.9,1671.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this say about our policies for defending","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1671.35,1673.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ourselves. I'm not going to get into any stuff","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1673.72,1675.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about whether we should have nuclear weapons at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1675.73,1677.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all and whether a nuclear deterrent should in fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1677.56,1679.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deter. Those are completely separate issues. Let's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1679.6,1682.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consider this means if nuclear went to nuclear for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1682.69,1687.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"analysis is correct and nuclear is yet not Titova","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1687.82,1691.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the five years since it was first proposed. If","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1691.72,1694.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is correct it means that a nuclear war must","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1694.36,1699.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be inherently suicidal. Just suppose just suppose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1700.03,1705.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that your country worked to launch a pre-emptive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1705.04,1707.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nuclear strike on the Soviet Union. And it's very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1707.62,1711.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unlikely you would do that because you're just not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1711.07,1713.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that kind of a country. But just Virgini you work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1713.2,1715.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too. And the attack was it was to be so superbly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1715.47,1719.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"successful that the Soviet Union couldn't launch a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1719.44,1722.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"single missile in response. And your country was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1722.02,1724.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left untouched within just a matter of a week or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1724.3,1727.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10 days. That smoke and dust louder. The Soviet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1727.75,1731.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Union would make its way around the Earth and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1731.11,1734.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"start to claim it in over your country. And within","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1734.05,1737.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a month your agriculture will be virtually as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1737.5,1739.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"badly hit a little bit after the Soviet Union and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1739.97,1742.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the other way round of the Soviet Union was to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1742.63,1744.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"launch a pre-emptive strike against you guys. They","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1744.34,1747.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would suffer climatically and violently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1747.31,1750.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agriculturally before long just as well almost as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1750.52,1754.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"severely as you had. So a nuclear war is bound to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1755.17,1758.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be suicidal even though we still have military","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1758.95,1763.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaders wanted to political people in Moscow and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1763.0,1767.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just a few in Washington and London and Paris and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1767.14,1771.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt who are still talking this nonsense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1771.61,1774.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the idea of surviving a nuclear war and even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1774.79,1778.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fighting a nuclear war when he expressed intention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1778.27,1780.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of winning it. What's the point in talk like that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1780.85,1783.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if in terms of agriculture and capacity to feed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1784.48,1787.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ourselves there would be no difference between the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1787.96,1790.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so-called victors and the vanquished. It's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1790.24,1793.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nonsense. Stop. Second policy implication. While","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1794.0,1798.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the war will be fought by that small minority of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1798.43,1802.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nations and that small minority of human kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1802.06,1805.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 50 nations altogether and about what is it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1805.6,1808.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two billion people one point five billion people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1809.14,1811.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"altogether together we'll having this transient","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1811.39,1813.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"squabble while they would be the ones who would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1813.31,1816.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fight the war. A lot of other nations who wouldn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1816.61,1819.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been invited to the party would nevertheless","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1819.82,1821.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"find. Themselves dragged in anyway. In fact all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1821.59,1824.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nations would suffer much the same repercussions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1824.07,1826.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now while folks in while this is a further","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1827.35,1829.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dimension to be considered I would suggest by the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1829.65,1831.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who prepare for war in Washington and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1832.2,1834.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moscow and London and Toronto on third conclusion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1834.24,1838.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if deterrence does in fact work. And a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1839.22,1842.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people think that the main reason for having","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1842.04,1844.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nuclear weapons is not to dump them on Moscow or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1844.2,1846.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York but to stop the other guy from taking his","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1847.23,1850.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weapons. Why then do we need this ridiculous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1851.22,1854.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"number of weapons. Why do we need 17000 megatons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1854.4,1857.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"today costing minds back to the mid 1950s when you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1857.89,1861.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had nuclear weapons the Soviet Union had nuclear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1861.45,1863.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weapons and your leaders were saying President","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1863.79,1866.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eisenhower was saying the Soviet Union if you want","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1866.34,1869.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to cause trouble mate we can blow you back to the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1869.82,1872.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stone Age. And the Soviet Union believed it. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1872.25,1875.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nikita Khrushchev was saying to your country you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1875.28,1878.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"caught tablemates and we'll knock you back to the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1878.58,1880.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stone Age. And you folks were saying that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1880.32,1883.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"delivering a highly credible message with fewer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1884.04,1886.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than 50 megatons per side 100 megatons in all. Now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1886.92,1891.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it had a war with 100 megatons that was why the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1891.72,1894.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"megaton 100 megatons scenario was so important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1895.02,1897.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"100 megatons would have been enough to have big on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1897.36,1900.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a nuclear winter nuclear fall. But bring the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1900.72,1903.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"totals right down to the situation as it was in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1903.09,1905.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the early 1950s when each side had about 25","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1905.64,1908.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"megatons and multiplied up by 80 to give the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1909.0,1912.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"number in Hiroshima bombs like fifteen hundred","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1912.09,1915.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hiroshima sized bombs. That was enough to deter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1915.84,1918.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the other guys and that would not not have been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1918.99,1921.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough to bring on nuclear a nuclear winter. We","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1921.69,1924.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"need to cut those nuclear arsenals right down from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1924.48,1927.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"17 down from 8000 megatons per side. Right. Right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1927.6,1931.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down to 25000 megatons. Best side. And we know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1931.17,1934.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from experience in the early 1950s that that is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1934.53,1936.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough to achieve the deterrent effect. Finally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1936.93,1939.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another point. The military leaders on both sides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1940.44,1944.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been telling us like since the mid 1950s when","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1944.64,1948.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a bunch of they had enough nuclear weapons to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1948.42,1949.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bring on a nuclear winter. They've been telling us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1950.01,1952.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it would all be okay. You know wars or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1952.2,1954.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unfortunate things and then mess it up. A lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1954.6,1956.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people get hurt and we end up with ketchup on the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1956.88,1958.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"carpet. But but but but on the whole it will be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1958.83,1961.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all right. And some you know to defend our values","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1961.47,1964.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on. When did they mention that it could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1964.23,1967.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"possibly be curtains for the whole of humankind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1967.98,1970.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When have they once mentioned that they haven't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1970.68,1972.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they didn't know about it for 30 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1972.87,1975.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have been playing around with these weapons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1975.06,1977.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not knowing what they were doing. They could have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1977.67,1980.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brought down the end certainly to civilization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1980.4,1984.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever part of the world. It could also have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1984.27,1986.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"written the finish to humankind indeed to all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1987.15,1990.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kinds of life on Earth except for houseflies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1990.84,1992.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cockroaches and one or two other match leads won't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1993.09,1996.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want to do other creatures like that to a matter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1996.05,1998.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we might well ask them. Hey you guys what else do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=1998.31,2001.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you not know. What else have you not yet figured","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2001.25,2003.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out. You say you're so clever you can touch base","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2003.11,2005.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with every eventuality. It seems you haven't done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2005.21,2007.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When are you going to start asking ourselves the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2008.15,2010.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"questions. How much do we still have to learn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2010.01,2012.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well this gentleman is now a twenty odd one almost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2012.93,2015.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quarter one and I guess him to be out of here by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2015.47,2017.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one o'clock or one to one it up. So it has been a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2017.09,2020.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very quick review. I'm going to have a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2020.81,2022.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things simply I hope not over simplistically. I've","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2023.3,2028.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had to simplify a lot. If you want to come back to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2028.22,2030.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any of them for any more detail about their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2030.2,2032.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weapons the climatic consequences the agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2032.66,2035.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the environment and so on. I'm going to ask","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2035.93,2038.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything about radiation and is that stuff. Well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2038.03,2040.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's just fine. But mainly I think let's have a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2040.77,2043.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bit of a two and further give and take discussion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2044.09,2046.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on this one anyway. Any comments criticisms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2046.31,2049.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disagreements. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2049.58,2052.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buyers to allow people die of suffocation. We","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2059.99,2064.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decided. Now it turns out that that wouldn't be a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2065.03,2069.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problem. But is precisely by asking questions like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2069.81,2072.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that that they do attach basically with these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2072.03,2073.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problems. It turns out that the much oxygen in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2073.59,2076.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"atmosphere as you know is about 20 percent that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2076.17,2078.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if plantlife were eliminated. And so there's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2078.81,2081.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no additional oxygen being generated. We could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2081.3,2084.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still continue for thousands of years doing in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2084.18,2086.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that reservoir before it start to gasp. Of course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2086.37,2089.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which slowly steadily deplete their reservoir of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2089.16,2091.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"oxygen. But there was enough. Those are firestorms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2091.2,2095.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would also tend to deplete the oxygen stock a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2096.3,2098.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little bit but only marginally not enough to make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2098.34,2101.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a big difference that you're glad you raised on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2101.24,2103.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. The back and forth of the discussion analysis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2110.0,2114.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of. Is speculation about whether.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2114.26,2117.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you know the news now is not on the verge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2123.14,2128.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of radiation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2134.56,2136.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2139.62,2139.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yeah. That's not what a magnificent experimental","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2144.56,2147.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"albeit an unplanned experiment. It turned out that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2147.59,2150.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a radioactive fallout extended over an hour about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2150.16,2152.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two and a half times larger than had been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2152.47,2154.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anticipated. It was thought that if there was an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2154.78,2157.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accident in that part of Eastern Europe well it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2157.12,2159.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would swirl around a bit of Eastern Europe and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2159.85,2161.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never get up. And just kind of day you might even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2161.83,2163.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get down into Vulcan's. But the idea that some of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2163.36,2165.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would blow westwards towards Great Britain that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2165.97,2170.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was ruled entirely out. But we still can't teach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2170.8,2174.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of our sheep from Scotland and Wales because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2174.01,2177.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's still too much contamination in the grass.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2177.37,2179.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't expected that you would be picking up so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2180.46,2182.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much on your sensors and monitors in this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2182.71,2184.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course you'd be able to pick up a little bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2184.63,2186.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you pick you up picking up the downside more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2186.75,2188.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than had been anticipated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2188.8,2189.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you have a question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2191.93,2192.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Defense Department said he yet just two colleges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2202.2,2204.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you think of any of those studies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2204.99,2206.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've of it was your services say not a problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2209.81,2214.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Exactly. Well they did so much to disprove the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2217.92,2222.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"climatic analysis and environmental evaluation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2222.9,2226.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They do agree that the temperature will get cold","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2227.64,2230.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and dark. But they say well if every citizen has a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2230.49,2234.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shovel and digs like face if a couple of hours you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2234.69,2236.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can get down deep enough to start to keep warm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2236.63,2239.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't say how deep you have to get very very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2239.48,2242.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deep to to get warm. You'd also have to have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2242.25,2245.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough food and water and recycling equipment and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2245.16,2249.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all those other things that unelect and energy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2249.57,2251.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supply and all these other things to keep us off","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2251.58,2253.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going for quite a long long time. Nuclear winter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2253.62,2257.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is like climbing into the refrigerator shutting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2257.88,2262.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the door and then finding it empty. And they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2262.14,2266.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"haven't. The Department of Defense has not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2266.19,2268.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"addressed this question of agriculture they say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2268.05,2271.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But people are resilient. They've ingenious. In","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2271.17,2273.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War two it brought out the fighting spirit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2273.99,2275.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they managed to muddle through somewhat. When","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2275.97,2278.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you say to them yes okay people are tough and they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2278.55,2281.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will fight for their lives and they will just keel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2281.13,2283.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over. But where are they going to find food. Where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2283.14,2285.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will you get supper. On the table. Moment of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2285.93,2289.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"defense doesn't have an answer to that. It says","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2289.17,2290.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well people learn to catch birds. They'll find a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2290.76,2293.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way. Acorns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2293.24,2294.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. How long was it before they were able to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2297.69,2299.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crawl through. Not decide. Why did they do it all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2299.97,2304.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right again. Robert.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2305.34,2306.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The environs were off limits to agriculture for I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2309.36,2312.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"believe two or three years and there was an area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2312.27,2314.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for for quite a few miles around those blasted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2314.54,2318.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2318.09,2318.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know whether where they put the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2320.7,2321.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radioactive stuff or how they dispose of it. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2322.11,2324.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wish I could answer that. But I can't. Of course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2324.9,2327.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I could tell she was turned in by radiation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2327.24,2329.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not by any climatic effects because those","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2329.25,2331.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"explosions weren't nearly nearly big enough to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2331.59,2333.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cause climatic dislocation we're talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2333.9,2336.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2336.48,2336.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. In addition to climate change his life on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2340.58,2344.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radiation remained after Vermont's Jay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2344.41,2346.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah there's a lot of radiation in the first few","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2350.17,2352.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days. I mean it tends to get blown around and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2352.58,2357.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dispersed and diluted or it gets laid into the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2357.08,2360.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ground. We figured that the biggest radiation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2360.44,2363.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"damage would be in the first few days but it would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2363.62,2367.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be some residual radiation nothing for quite a few","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2367.46,2370.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months and back up to a year. So if by some chance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2370.25,2374.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were some people who found enough food to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2374.63,2377.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make quite sure that it wasn't contaminated and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2377.45,2379.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they took a glass of water that after some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2379.28,2381.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way of testing that that wasn't irradiated to pour","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2381.26,2385.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or take take the risk that did not have a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2385.62,2389.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"subsidiary factor like radiation. Does the fact of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2389.6,2394.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ultraviolet radiation which is altogether","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2394.94,2397.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different from ionizing radiation. Now some of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2397.07,2399.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these explosions would knock a hole in the ozone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2399.65,2401.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"layer. You've heard about the ozone layer just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2402.05,2403.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recently. And what that would do would allow for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2403.94,2406.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an awful lot a lot more ultraviolet radiation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2406.43,2410.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which tends to attack the retina in the eyes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2410.09,2412.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depresses the immune systems and makes people more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2413.3,2417.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"susceptible to cold. Colds become flu and flu","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2417.32,2420.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"becomes pneumonia and pneumonia proved fatal. Also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2420.32,2423.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not all traffic stops. We wouldn't go into all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2423.95,2426.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that so much because it seemed that just the cold","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2426.38,2429.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the dark in itself would be enough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2429.62,2432.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm still inclined to believe that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2434.67,2435.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since that that first analysis there been a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2438.19,2440.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other analysis as the union had one of their own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2440.35,2442.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Swedes had warned Australians had one. The","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2442.93,2445.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French had one has also been one to take about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2445.3,2448.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what it's called scope which have a global global","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2448.06,2452.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"level wide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2453.02,2453.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coalition of leading scientific bodies. Your","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2455.95,2459.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Academy of Sciences belongs to save it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2459.04,2461.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Academy belongs of all society and Britain belongs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2461.23,2463.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on. All these folks have come together in one kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2464.41,2467.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of umbrella organization and that umbrella","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2467.11,2469.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organization took two and a half years doing a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2469.57,2472.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fine grained analysis of all this stuff. And then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2472.18,2474.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they came up with the same conclusions that what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2474.56,2476.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be the real crunch factor will be the failure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2476.53,2479.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2479.98,2480.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Two years together as far as Femia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2484.19,2486.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The charge on the temperature was that the average","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2488.63,2492.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world temperature.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2492.61,2493.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you said that when you said the temperature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2497.76,2499.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was stable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2499.7,2500.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was in the northern temperate zone in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2503.22,2506.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"main battle zone. At the time you get into the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2506.27,2508.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"topic said it's not so severe and by the time we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2508.43,2510.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get to the equator it's less severe again. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2510.62,2512.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you get into the southern hemisphere less","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2512.69,2514.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"severe again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2515.06,2515.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's you thought there would be enough of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2517.95,2520.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smoke and dust cloud dispersing right around the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2520.91,2524.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world to depressed temperatures virtually anywhere","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2524.93,2528.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except light right down south as in well southern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2528.29,2531.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Argentina and New Zealand. And that is supposing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2531.38,2535.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the 1000 megatons that may well be dropped on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2535.79,2538.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the tropics like on the Middle East oil fields","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2538.16,2540.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Suez Canal Panama Canal the shipping places the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2540.53,2543.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"submarine zones. That in itself may well be enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2544.16,2548.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to sort of separate nuclear winter in the tropics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2548.06,2551.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Equador zone or even in the southern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2551.99,2553.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hemisphere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2553.7,2554.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah um.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2582.69,2583.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you know putting food chains and food webs life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2586.04,2591.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"support systems are unduly susceptible to ionizing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2592.19,2597.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radiation. At a minimum. More so than those on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2597.14,2599.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"land that also be subject to enormous storms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2599.87,2603.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just thought that there will be a collapse of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2606.69,2608.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"food webs and food chains in the oceans in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2609.71,2613.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coastal areas where people might want to go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2613.58,2615.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fishing. But let's suppose that that wasn't the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2615.17,2617.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"case that there were still fish there that were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2617.69,2619.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"waiting to be caught. The question is where would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2619.91,2622.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people find boats and where would they find oil to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2622.52,2625.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"power the boats to go fishing. Of course I have to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2625.79,2629.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get back to some kind of primitive fishing. If I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2629.29,2631.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew how all this stuff I asked myself how would I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2631.1,2636.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survive. I was brought on a little farm. It was a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2636.62,2639.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of subsistence agriculture farm. I've been a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2639.3,2641.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marathon runner so I should be able to chase after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2641.33,2643.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"squirrels and rats and catch them and I should be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2643.1,2646.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"able to do a bit of primitive fishing. I have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2646.46,2649.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tried all those things. The length of time it took","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2649.22,2651.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me to catch a squirrel took much more energy for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2651.68,2655.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me than I would have taken in by eating the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2655.37,2657.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"squirrel. And if I had to go fishing let's say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2657.38,2660.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lake in Lake Michigan with whatever materials I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2660.74,2664.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could find to hand nets whatever device. I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2664.25,2668.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's been an awful long time. But before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2668.06,2669.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talkativeness trap.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2669.58,2670.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2673.04,2673.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were going down the.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2676.93,2679.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Good question the very scientists who are working","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2681.71,2686.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Star Wars even Caspar Weinberger who is a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2686.18,2688.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"member of the strongest supporter agree that it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2688.7,2692.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would not be 100 percent effective to say to 90 95","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2692.21,2695.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"percent effective as a shield to stop weapons or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2695.48,2699.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to destroy weapons coming in from space.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2699.02,2700.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Misprision the Soviet Union sends a thousand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2701.46,2703.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"megatons this way and let's say 10 percent escape.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2703.43,2708.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well that's already 800 megatons. But he has five","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2708.24,2710.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"percent escape. That's 400 megatons but it's only","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2710.3,2713.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one percent. Now there's still many many times","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2713.24,2715.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more than fell on Hiroshima. That that could do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2715.88,2718.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great damage to your country. But also what about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2718.4,2720.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the weapons that would come on underneath the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2720.86,2722.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"umbrella especially those from the submarines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2722.78,2725.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They would never go up into space and then come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2725.09,2726.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down and hit the umbrella and self-destruct that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2726.89,2730.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're all the ones that would come in at ground","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2730.47,2732.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"level like the Koo's cruise missiles which don't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2732.83,2734.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go more than 100 feet above ground level or above","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2734.96,2738.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sea level that they would still be able to get in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2738.53,2740.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in my view I'm inclined to agree with as many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2740.84,2743.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scientists who say this tile wars would not on the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2743.6,2747.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whole do the job that it set up to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2747.71,2749.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Day it's the same as to one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2755.43,2758.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=2760.64,2761.21"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22571/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/571/original/AV203717_Biological_Consequence_of_Nuclear_War_a.vtt?1613489746","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/571/original/AV203717_Biological_Consequence_of_Nuclear_War_a.vtt?1613489746"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22572","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203717_Biological_Consequence_of_Nuclear_War_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634/transcript/22572/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- I'm sure that's going to be here over the noon hour. Sponsored by the committee are lectures from by government student body. Dr. Norman Myers has consulted for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization the U.S. National Academy of Science the United Nations Environmental Program the World Wildlife Fund the World Bank the U.S. Agency for International Development U.S. Department of Energy the Royal Swedish Academy of Science the World Resources Institute and the Smithsonian Institute and a field researcher in 80 different countries. His books include The Primary Source A Wealth of Wild Species Conversion of Tropical Forests The Sinking Arc The Long African Day and over 100 scientific papers and 300 popular articles. He co-authored Long Term Biological Consequences of Nuclear War with Paul Airlink Carl Sagan and Stephen Jeggle. Please welcome back to Norman Myers. Hi Carl. Delighted to be with you in sunny Iowa. I was here a few years back and enjoyed myself on that occasion. Glad to be back with you here on this occasion. And if you're all on network and having no problems with my foreign accent let's go. Go. Because I don't have all that long hyperfocus spiel for about half an hour or so and I'm unsure if your slides in the way. And then I'll be very glad to field questions and fearless your comments your reactions criticism disagreements whatever. All right. Let's go on to winter. About five years ago I got together in Cambridge Mass. With one hundred other scientists Paul Alec and those folks to talk about the climatic and environmental repercussions of nuclear war. And most of their scientists were Americans. But those folks have on Britain West Germany Iceland France Italy Egypt India Kenya Venezuela Brazil Japan and the Soviet Union. So it's a real good international gathering. And by the end of that week we came up with a rather astonishing conclusion a conclusion that I never expected that we would reach. As I'm sure those of you who are scientists know that when you get 10 scientists in one room they're unlikely to agree on the time of day or the state of the weather outside the window and where they get. And when you get scientists from many different disciplines and scientists from different countries and there's a whole 100 of them it's unlikely that they're going to agree on what they're called and what they're talking about. But all of them. By the Friday afternoon it appeared evident that we should subscribe to a conclusion on all those scientists put their names to it. And the conclusion went like this at an event of a nuclear exchange. Even a moderate scale nuclear exchange. The number of people who would eventually die as a direct consequence of that nuclear war would be in the order of two billion people around the world. That would be more than would die as a direct and immediate consequence of their blast. The flash the fires the heat the immediate radiation problems sometimes. So all those folks who are dying in quotes are normal as a normal consequence of nuclear war would be exceeded in number by those who had died by virtue of environmental consequences. That is extreme cold and lack of food. The climatic consequences we determined would be sanctioned. That would be hardly anything to grow for many months and possibly for several years in virtually any part of the world. Following an exchange. Well it was our bottom line conclusion. Let me tell you how we arrived at it. First of all we looked at the number of weapons available and how what kind of explosive power that was never considered. How those weapons will be used and where they were likely to be definitely did. And then we considered some of the climatic repercussions and then went on to the environmental backlash. And what that would mean for agriculture and hence for the key question of everybody's life which is where said going to come from today. So the question of weapons love on the world today about 17 megatons of nuclear explosive power. So what's the megaton. One megaton is one million tons of TNT equivalent. Well that doesn't tell you much. The Hiroshima bomb was one eight years of a megaton AQ Hiroshima bombs make a one megaton. We've got 70000 megatons. This is as high as 17000 megatons or the explosive power use in world. To all the shells. Bombs bullets grenades whatever amounted about three megatons. All put together one nuclear device now can contain 10 megatons if ever. If you doesn't do that it's possible. One of your attack submarines which is right now beneath the surface of the ocean. Goodness knows where. If it gets a message to fire for its missiles will release at least 10 megatons. That will be three times more than all the explosive power in World War two and will be enough to back to knock the Soviet Union right back to the Stone Age if not further. And conversely of course each of the Soviet Union's submarines has the capacity to do that. The United States 17000 about 8000 megatons held by the United States about 8000 held by the Soviet Union policy team. The other 1000. Well Britain has maybe 200 funds 200 China 200. And then there are the little bits and pieces scattered around. So those are the weapons available. Now we figure that in a nuclear exchange not all of those weapons for a long long way would be used. In fact the baseline scenario that we used for the exchange was only 5000 megatons. We figured that a lot of the weapons would malfunction. A lot would be destroyed in the missile sites. A lot will be destroyed during the flight path. Only 5000 will be detonated. So that's less than one third of all that is available. That's the baseline scenario. Where would they be detonated. Well mainly of course over the Soviet Union and the United States but also over the United States allies. That means Britain and other countries of Western Europe and NATO got quite a lot over Poland Czechoslovakia East Germany. So on time but also and this important. A lot of weapons would fall outside the main mid latitude zone in the northern hemisphere. For instance one of the immediate targets would be the oil wells in the Middle East and oil wells in other parts of the world like in Mexico Indonesia Ecuador Gabon Fada Quantong. Also immediate targets would be the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal. For obvious reasons other weapons would fall outside the main target zone in the Northern Hemisphere because one of the key strategic factors is to find the other guy submarines. And the way to do that is to engage in carpet bombing in areas where you think that there might be. You can figure that the Soviet submarines will be between 100 miles and a thousand miles off the Atlantic coast and off the coast of California. Well it is possible to find to find them and hit them by dropping many many many small nuclear weapons in those two oceans. But there are some Soviet submarines might be in the South Atlantic or in the South Pacific. Well look get them wherever they are no matter how widely bombs they're scattered. Go and get them similar. The Soviet Union would strike immediately. Are there various weapons control centers in missile guidance sites the harbor facilities the submarine facilities which are scattered all around the world. There are some in Australia some in South America some in South Africa lots in Canada. The Soviet Union would go after those. So by and large while the biggest exchange by far would be in the mid latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere it would also be maybe 1000 megatons scattered all around the world. Let's just have a look at a couple of opening slides if we can persuade this machine to work. Get job here opening a deafening slide and then the next one. This opening slide shows a Vivi's exchange scenarios we had in mind at a meeting in Cambridge. I got that. Anyway let just got a little more detail here while we're waiting for that one to come up. We figured that we needed several cities to know if the baseline scenario 5000 megatons about two and a half thousand years on either side. We also figured we need to consider you know a scenario where to be kind of all but it's better to be 10000 megatons. And we also looked at a lot of very small scenarios using only 100 megatons bearing in mind that 100 megatons is worth a thousand Hiroshima type bombs. That one is actually on its side. We're getting a good look back to the reason my concentrated on the one hundred megatons you know because it is a very important for purposes of nuclear winter. Well we'll look it up for a few moments. And it shows the various scenarios in question. Down the left hand column you can see the various pieces devotion as you know is welcome. Sitting to your D is the main one. 5000 megatons. The bottom line of all is 10000 megatons. So now you see the one in the middle is one hundred megatons. Another two. We don't need to take note of. And then let's have a look at the second slider. Let's move on. A typical objective a little bit please. What happens when a nuclear weapon is exploded either ground level or a little bit above ground level. Well we've all seen pictures of the famous mushroom cloud which goes shoring up through the troposphere and the stratosphere. You see two mushroom there. That one I left is for 40 kilotons. That's a very small nuclear device. And that would say the troposphere but larger will be sucked up into the stratosphere. Now this distinction is very important. The troposphere goes up to about 30000 feet. And that is where Earth's climate and weather takes place. You will know when you've been on an airplane as fast as it can be or she can. The pilot climbs to 30000 feet because above that there's going to be much more stability a lot less buckling of the airplane. No hardly any winds above 30000 feet. There's no rain. There are no clouds. All that happens below 30000 feet in the top of Sfeir explosions which are contained within the top a sphere that is which left an awful lot of soot and dust and gunk of that sort. Up to let's say 20 25 thousand feet. Well all that can again fairly rapidly falls back to Earth back to earth by winds. And if not then by rains it gets rained out. But stuff which breaches the troposphere and goes into the stratosphere is likely to stay there for a very long time indeed because there's no weather that a few winds there's no rain at all. It's going to stay there for years. What kind of stuff would go up there. Well a lot of smoke. For one thing consider how much smoke can be generated by burning. And think about the experiment you've no doubt done in high school. You took a glass and you held it upside down. You're stuck a match and you held a match under the glass and the smoke goes inside the glass and not very much smoke from a single match. But all the same it is enough to deposit a smoky film within the glass and it shuts out or like it. You've all done that that kind of that kind of an experiment in a new exact change to be an awful lot of burning going on especially in the cities and over forests. Cities would burn like torches. This building that we're sitting in right now has an awful lot of patrol limited this floor. That line of stuff right there is plastic and plastic is petroleum. This table a lot of the ceiling the walls those curtains they're almost certainly synthetic. That is petroleum. Get those going they'll go woosh they'll almost explode. They've got so much petroleum in there and in the walls there's an enormous amount of electric wiring much much more plastic again in this building. Well it is a group of buildings like this. Maybe Ames Iowa isn't big enough. But if we get to a place like them Wayne or Minneapolis there's enough plastic there enough petroleum now to start a firestorm. A firestorm is a phenomenon that occurs when so much burning going on that the fire develops a tremendous appetite or thirst for oxygen. And the winds begin to rush in at ground level to this firestorm. And that increases the power the firestorm. And it's a self-feeding phenomenon. The more it burns the more it sucks an oxygen. The heart of the winds blow pushing in more more oxygen the higher the thing the harder thing burns. And that's why a lot of the stuff goes right up into the stratosphere. The result of a nuclear war would be to deposit many millions many millions of tons of smoke and dust right up into the stratosphere. And the consequence of that would be to pretty much shut out sunlight. Anywhere between 50 and 95 percent of sunlight will be shut out altogether. If you're shut out. And 85 percent of sunlight then you have conditions like an a bright moonlit night. And if shut out 95 percent of ambient light conditions which are so dark is difficult to find your way along the street on this about a torturous speed like 50 percent to 50 percent loss. It's like Twilight or DAYBREAK. There's hardly enough light to read a newspaper. Now again you all know you don't even have to go to high school today. In fact a lot of the stuff that we figured out at this conference was that such funds are high powered science. It was basic analysis sort of thing that anybody. Do you know that when you turn out the sunlight you're also switching off the heat. And temperatures would plunge. We figured out that there were plans by a very long way to move this chemical plant by a very long way in some scenarios as low as 30 degrees centigrade below freezing. And that is very very cold indeed. That is colder than you would ever get it in a normal Iowa winter. On this diagram here you see the top dotted line. There's a label on the left and the right hand side saying ambient temperature it's about 13 degrees centigrade or 55 60 degrees Fahrenheit. That is the average year round for the entire planet. It's a nice and warm good spring day but it wasn't enough. And then the other dotted line at nought degrees is pointing to a freezing point of course. Now we have several scenarios there. Let's take the most severe one the one bodging light down to the bottom. That is the best case 17. Ten thousand megatons severe. That is if there's an all make a big change. Note how fast the temperature plunges on the bottom scale of the of the graphic what they say time post and they say in days 100 200 300. Note that in just the first the first few days the temperature plunges way below freezing. And it is freezing late around the clock day as well as night. And within just 10 or 15 20 days it gets down to 20 degrees below zero. And then after a couple of months it would go to 40 45 even approaching 50 degrees below zero. Now that's the most severe scenario. But some of the other ones are somewhat mild but they are much fun. You see the next one 55000 megatons case 16. That one plant is way way below zero down to about 25 degrees below zero. After 100 days or so. And notice how long the temperature stays below zero for a year or more before it'll even about freezing point. Now have a look also at the one you see where says ambient temperature top right now. Just go to the left of that and you'll see a line and you'll see a case 14 100 megatons nominal. Cities only. This is a scenario that we looked at to see what would happen if very few megatons were used. And you see even that scenario almost immediately. The temperature plunges to minus 20 degrees below zero 20 degrees centigrade below zero. Very very cold. It doesn't stay there for long but it takes about 80 days before the temperature gets back about freezing. And it takes about 100 days three months before it gets back to my normal. That is amply long enough to hit agriculture on the head several times over. That is the climatic impact that we worked out five years ago. Now some folks especially Steve Schneider at the National Atmospheric the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder Colorado. He has worked out some other data and he figures we're not into nuclear winter but will be into nuclear fall. This situation would be quite sure wouldn't be quite so bad but it would still be quite bad enough to do all the damage that we need. This is a map of temperatures in July right around the world. The blue stuff the dark blue stuff right at the top is freezing freezing. Just know where it is. And here is where it would be 10 days after a nuclear exchange in July. Note how most of North America or the western half of North America is freezing because of a cold patch extending come about down to Kansas I guess to Missouri and also in Western Europe. There's a big cold freezing patch and back to the Soviet Union becomes very cold. The dark restaff which is a big tongue hanging down from the Soviet Union toward India. That is not much above freezing but it cold weather. Let's just get back to the other side of. That is as we are normally in July and that is as we are ten days after a nuclear exchange also in July. Now what does all this do to plants. Well plants react in three different ways. And we'll think about plants before we get onto humans because after all all or flashiest plants or the Bible says without plants they might well pack up and go home. If you've got any herb to go to. Plants are what sustain. All our agriculture plants react in three ways. Festival is the severity. Of the cold that it is. Five to be centigrade below normal or 10. If you're going to go below freezing. On second factor is the duration of the freezing. How long will it go on for. 10 days or two months of the whole year. Under 10 days. In most cases is enough to give a plan. A shock a terminal shock. The third factor is the time of year at which the freezing comes on. Now the plants outside the window right now are going through what they call a hardening process. And they've been had since early September to think about it because that was when the temperature started to drop by now. Late October they've had two months or so and they'll be pretty much set the pad adapted to the freezing temperatures that they're going to get every night and for a lot of the days as normal for next several months. And they'll be able to survive winter wheat trees grasses. They'll have a hard time of it but they'll be able to survive because they've had this amount of preparation. If however next spring were to come around then by April May. The plans are saying oh we'll be nice. Warm temperatures again during the day. But a little frost at night and they abandon all their hardening and they abandon that in just a few days a week 10 days at the most. And that's it because then they go into a different phase again to the growth phase and they go rogue. ROGOW as fast as they can. The fundamental physiology of the planet change. And if they're switching off their hardening and going into a green haze if they are then hit by even a mild frost that can be curtains for them especially if they get cold during the day. What is worst of all for plants is to be hit by just a little bit of cold and they struggle as best they can to get back into the hardening. Then after two or three days things get warm again and they beat a big sigh of relief. Thank God. Thank God that's over. Now I can get back to normal. And then three or four days later find another cold snap. Might not even go as cold as freezing. May be only be down to 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Wouldn't be a cold. The plants are really caught with our pants down as you might say. They're going the opposite direction to be able to tolerate even a small degree of cold. And if you hit them three or four times with just minor spasms of cold over a period of about a month that is enough to kill them in a nuclear fall. Not a nuclear winter but a nuclear fall. This is precisely what would hit them in spring or summer. Short bursts of moderate to severe cold. Have a look at the map again. You'll see that in the Great Plains from the Rockies eastwards. It's not gonna be too cold except for that patch of green. It won't be all that so severely cold but there will be these pulses of cold and that that will be enough to knock off all the wheat all the maize soybean barley potatoes oats. What have you heard. Anything in this country would die. It wouldn't just failed to Raichlen or failed to produce. It would die on the same in Western Europe and in the Soviet Union. Well let us have it too detailed for us to go into much of this station in the case of Serguei and for one feel just enough to be held to the slide. This could consider then what would happen if people who survived the nuclear exchange Lella say that you folks survive the main attack that the main war and it's all over and you'll start to get hungry. And it's pretty darn cold. May not be all that severely cold but cold enough. And you want something to eat. Well if you're sitting right here and I'm sure I can always go and read one of those grain silos provided it's not been contaminated with ionizing radiation you'd be lucky to find one that hadn't. But just supposing you could. Well it'll be fine. But if a New York City where you're going to go for food New York City has enough food within his bounds to last for only four or five days. Okay. I say we'll go up into New Jersey and Connecticut and so on. There's enough food there to last New York City for only a week or 10 days two weeks at the very outside. Remember that these conditions are going to persist for many weeks. In fact for months pushing a campaign store to keep yourself going for just a few months you might be saying well but what about next. What about the next agriculture. There won't be any any agriculture because the cops will have been killed. You would have to find enough food to keep you going for several months maybe four even maybe if for as long as a year. And that is why virtually all the survivors of the nuclear attack the nuclear war itself would find themselves without food and not just in your country but in other countries too. The cold would tend to extend into the. Topics in the equatorial zone where the plants are even more sensitive to cold rice is a crop which has had millions of years of evolution and adaptation to permanent warm temperatures. It has never ever in its millions of years known what it is to be suddenly and significantly cold. A plant like that won't survive even two or three days of really short sharp snap of cold weather. Blace sustained two billion people in the tropics. Think of all those people in India. Three quarters of a billion there. Well over one billion people in China in those countries alone as well. Over one and a half billion people who depend on rice to keep body and soul together. And they wouldn't have any life signs on around other parts of the world. But consider New Zealand though New Zealand. Well it used to be said Carl Sagan once said that it wouldn't be any use buying a quick one way flight to New Zealand. Macassar New Zealand will be hit by the cold. It now appears according to these in a new scenario that New Zealand might not be hit by cold or dark very much at all. And so New Zealand could keep on growing food for a little while. Consider what would or would also have happened. There would be no shipping around the world except what was in New Zealand would be no oil around the world. All the oil terminals the oil wells would have been destroyed in the first few minutes of a nuclear exchange. New Zealand has no oil of its own. Think of how New Zealand farmers are going to be able to London machinery and get fertilizers and pesticides and high yielding grains and all the other things they need to make agriculture tick. Agriculture is now so high tech you could all and so industrialised that agriculture is really a way of transforming oil into stuff that can be eaten. We use those fields out there. There's Masefield as a way to enable us to sit down with a knife and fork to a Super Bowl of oil every evening. That is what modern agriculture amounts to. New Zealand without oil would find its agriculture would also be coming to a pretty swift end. So that's the brief account of why the environmental climatic and the environmental. Then finally the agricultural consequences of nuclear war would be exceedingly bad. News would be most likely be terminally bad news for people right around the world even as far as New Zealand. A few final moments. What does this say about our policies for defending ourselves. I'm not going to get into any stuff about whether we should have nuclear weapons at all and whether a nuclear deterrent should in fact deter. Those are completely separate issues. Let's consider this means if nuclear went to nuclear for analysis is correct and nuclear is yet not Titova in the five years since it was first proposed. If this is correct it means that a nuclear war must be inherently suicidal. Just suppose just suppose that your country worked to launch a pre-emptive nuclear strike on the Soviet Union. And it's very unlikely you would do that because you're just not that kind of a country. But just Virgini you work too. And the attack was it was to be so superbly successful that the Soviet Union couldn't launch a single missile in response. And your country was left untouched within just a matter of a week or 10 days. That smoke and dust louder. The Soviet Union would make its way around the Earth and start to claim it in over your country. And within a month your agriculture will be virtually as badly hit a little bit after the Soviet Union and the other way round of the Soviet Union was to launch a pre-emptive strike against you guys. They would suffer climatically and violently agriculturally before long just as well almost as severely as you had. So a nuclear war is bound to be suicidal even though we still have military leaders wanted to political people in Moscow and just a few in Washington and London and Paris and Frankfurt who are still talking this nonsense about the idea of surviving a nuclear war and even fighting a nuclear war when he expressed intention of winning it. What's the point in talk like that if in terms of agriculture and capacity to feed ourselves there would be no difference between the so-called victors and the vanquished. It's nonsense. Stop. Second policy implication. While the war will be fought by that small minority of nations and that small minority of human kind about 50 nations altogether and about what is it two billion people one point five billion people altogether together we'll having this transient squabble while they would be the ones who would fight the war. A lot of other nations who wouldn't have been invited to the party would nevertheless find. Themselves dragged in anyway. In fact all nations would suffer much the same repercussions. Now while folks in while this is a further dimension to be considered I would suggest by the people who prepare for war in Washington and Moscow and London and Toronto on third conclusion if deterrence does in fact work. And a lot of people think that the main reason for having nuclear weapons is not to dump them on Moscow or New York but to stop the other guy from taking his weapons. Why then do we need this ridiculous number of weapons. Why do we need 17000 megatons today costing minds back to the mid 1950s when you had nuclear weapons the Soviet Union had nuclear weapons and your leaders were saying President Eisenhower was saying the Soviet Union if you want to cause trouble mate we can blow you back to the Stone Age. And the Soviet Union believed it. And Nikita Khrushchev was saying to your country you caught tablemates and we'll knock you back to the Stone Age. And you folks were saying that delivering a highly credible message with fewer than 50 megatons per side 100 megatons in all. Now if it had a war with 100 megatons that was why the megaton 100 megatons scenario was so important. 100 megatons would have been enough to have big on a nuclear winter nuclear fall. But bring the totals right down to the situation as it was in the early 1950s when each side had about 25 megatons and multiplied up by 80 to give the number in Hiroshima bombs like fifteen hundred Hiroshima sized bombs. That was enough to deter the other guys and that would not not have been enough to bring on nuclear a nuclear winter. We need to cut those nuclear arsenals right down from 17 down from 8000 megatons per side. Right. Right down to 25000 megatons. Best side. And we know from experience in the early 1950s that that is enough to achieve the deterrent effect. Finally another point. The military leaders on both sides have been telling us like since the mid 1950s when a bunch of they had enough nuclear weapons to bring on a nuclear winter. They've been telling us that it would all be okay. You know wars or unfortunate things and then mess it up. A lot of people get hurt and we end up with ketchup on the carpet. But but but but on the whole it will be all right. And some you know to defend our values and so on. When did they mention that it could possibly be curtains for the whole of humankind. When have they once mentioned that they haven't because they didn't know about it for 30 years. They have been playing around with these weapons not knowing what they were doing. They could have brought down the end certainly to civilization whatever part of the world. It could also have written the finish to humankind indeed to all kinds of life on Earth except for houseflies cockroaches and one or two other match leads won't want to do other creatures like that to a matter we might well ask them. Hey you guys what else do you not know. What else have you not yet figured out. You say you're so clever you can touch base with every eventuality. It seems you haven't done. When are you going to start asking ourselves the questions. How much do we still have to learn. Well this gentleman is now a twenty odd one almost quarter one and I guess him to be out of here by one o'clock or one to one it up. So it has been a very quick review. I'm going to have a lot of things simply I hope not over simplistically. I've had to simplify a lot. If you want to come back to any of them for any more detail about their weapons the climatic consequences the agriculture the environment and so on. I'm going to ask anything about radiation and is that stuff. Well that's just fine. But mainly I think let's have a bit of a two and further give and take discussion on this one anyway. Any comments criticisms disagreements. Yeah. Buyers to allow people die of suffocation. We decided. Now it turns out that that wouldn't be a problem. But is precisely by asking questions like that that they do attach basically with these problems. It turns out that the much oxygen in the atmosphere as you know is about 20 percent that even if plantlife were eliminated. And so there's no additional oxygen being generated. We could still continue for thousands of years doing in that reservoir before it start to gasp. Of course which slowly steadily deplete their reservoir of oxygen. But there was enough. Those are firestorms would also tend to deplete the oxygen stock a little bit but only marginally not enough to make a big difference that you're glad you raised on. Yes. The back and forth of the discussion analysis of. Is speculation about whether. So you know the news now is not on the verge of radiation. Yeah yeah. That's not what a magnificent experimental albeit an unplanned experiment. It turned out that a radioactive fallout extended over an hour about two and a half times larger than had been anticipated. It was thought that if there was an accident in that part of Eastern Europe well it would swirl around a bit of Eastern Europe and never get up. And just kind of day you might even get down into Vulcan's. But the idea that some of it would blow westwards towards Great Britain that was ruled entirely out. But we still can't teach some of our sheep from Scotland and Wales because there's still too much contamination in the grass. It wasn't expected that you would be picking up so much on your sensors and monitors in this country. Of course you'd be able to pick up a little bit but you pick you up picking up the downside more than had been anticipated. Did you have a question. Defense Department said he yet just two colleges. Can you think of any of those studies. I've of it was your services say not a problem. Exactly. Well they did so much to disprove the climatic analysis and environmental evaluation. They do agree that the temperature will get cold and dark. But they say well if every citizen has a shovel and digs like face if a couple of hours you can get down deep enough to start to keep warm. You don't say how deep you have to get very very deep to to get warm. You'd also have to have enough food and water and recycling equipment and all those other things that unelect and energy supply and all these other things to keep us off going for quite a long long time. Nuclear winter is like climbing into the refrigerator shutting the door and then finding it empty. And they haven't. The Department of Defense has not addressed this question of agriculture they say. But people are resilient. They've ingenious. In World War two it brought out the fighting spirit and they managed to muddle through somewhat. When you say to them yes okay people are tough and they will fight for their lives and they will just keel over. But where are they going to find food. Where will you get supper. On the table. Moment of defense doesn't have an answer to that. It says well people learn to catch birds. They'll find a way. Acorns. Yes. How long was it before they were able to crawl through. Not decide. Why did they do it all right again. Robert. The environs were off limits to agriculture for I believe two or three years and there was an area for for quite a few miles around those blasted cities. I don't know whether where they put the radioactive stuff or how they dispose of it. I wish I could answer that. But I can't. Of course that I could tell she was turned in by radiation not by any climatic effects because those explosions weren't nearly nearly big enough to cause climatic dislocation we're talking about here. Yes. In addition to climate change his life on radiation remained after Vermont's Jay. Yeah there's a lot of radiation in the first few days. I mean it tends to get blown around and dispersed and diluted or it gets laid into the ground. We figured that the biggest radiation damage would be in the first few days but it would be some residual radiation nothing for quite a few months and back up to a year. So if by some chance there were some people who found enough food to make quite sure that it wasn't contaminated and when they took a glass of water that after some way of testing that that wasn't irradiated to pour or take take the risk that did not have a subsidiary factor like radiation. Does the fact of ultraviolet radiation which is altogether different from ionizing radiation. Now some of these explosions would knock a hole in the ozone layer. You've heard about the ozone layer just recently. And what that would do would allow for an awful lot a lot more ultraviolet radiation which tends to attack the retina in the eyes depresses the immune systems and makes people more susceptible to cold. Colds become flu and flu becomes pneumonia and pneumonia proved fatal. Also not all traffic stops. We wouldn't go into all that so much because it seemed that just the cold and the dark in itself would be enough. And I'm still inclined to believe that. Since that that first analysis there been a lot of other analysis as the union had one of their own. The Swedes had warned Australians had one. The French had one has also been one to take about what it's called scope which have a global global level wide coalition of leading scientific bodies. Your National Academy of Sciences belongs to save it. Academy belongs of all society and Britain belongs on. All these folks have come together in one kind of umbrella organization and that umbrella organization took two and a half years doing a fine grained analysis of all this stuff. And then they came up with the same conclusions that what will be the real crunch factor will be the failure of agriculture. Two years together as far as Femia. The charge on the temperature was that the average world temperature. And you said that when you said the temperature was stable. That was in the northern temperate zone in the main battle zone. At the time you get into the topic said it's not so severe and by the time we get to the equator it's less severe again. And when you get into the southern hemisphere less severe again. But it's you thought there would be enough of smoke and dust cloud dispersing right around the world to depressed temperatures virtually anywhere except light right down south as in well southern Argentina and New Zealand. And that is supposing that the 1000 megatons that may well be dropped on the tropics like on the Middle East oil fields Suez Canal Panama Canal the shipping places the submarine zones. That in itself may well be enough to sort of separate nuclear winter in the tropics in the Equador zone or even in the southern hemisphere. Yeah um. As you know putting food chains and food webs life support systems are unduly susceptible to ionizing radiation. At a minimum. More so than those on land that also be subject to enormous storms. I just thought that there will be a collapse of food webs and food chains in the oceans in the coastal areas where people might want to go fishing. But let's suppose that that wasn't the case that there were still fish there that were waiting to be caught. The question is where would people find boats and where would they find oil to power the boats to go fishing. Of course I have to get back to some kind of primitive fishing. If I knew how all this stuff I asked myself how would I survive. I was brought on a little farm. It was a kind of subsistence agriculture farm. I've been a marathon runner so I should be able to chase after squirrels and rats and catch them and I should be able to do a bit of primitive fishing. I have tried all those things. The length of time it took me to catch a squirrel took much more energy for me than I would have taken in by eating the squirrel. And if I had to go fishing let's say Lake in Lake Michigan with whatever materials I could find to hand nets whatever device. I think it's been an awful long time. But before talkativeness trap. Yeah. They were going down the. Good question the very scientists who are working on Star Wars even Caspar Weinberger who is a member of the strongest supporter agree that it would not be 100 percent effective to say to 90 95 percent effective as a shield to stop weapons or to destroy weapons coming in from space. Misprision the Soviet Union sends a thousand megatons this way and let's say 10 percent escape. Well that's already 800 megatons. But he has five percent escape. That's 400 megatons but it's only one percent. Now there's still many many times more than fell on Hiroshima. That that could do great damage to your country. But also what about the weapons that would come on underneath the umbrella especially those from the submarines. They would never go up into space and then come down and hit the umbrella and self-destruct that they're all the ones that would come in at ground level like the Koo's cruise missiles which don't go more than 100 feet above ground level or above sea level that they would still be able to get in. So in my view I'm inclined to agree with as many scientists who say this tile wars would not on the whole do the job that it set up to do. Day it's the same as to one. And what else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36565/file/105634#t=0.0,2772.12"}]}]}]}