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exciting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=18.63,23.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"broad general interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=23.941,26.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also as a way to showcase the excellence of our faculty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=26.81,31.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their scholarly work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=32.4,33.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have many truly outstanding faculty 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scholarship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=41.37,46.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But all too often, they're not quite as well known at home","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=46.15,48.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they don't have the opportunity to present lectures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=48.94,52.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like this to the broader community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=52.21,54.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so one of the reasons for establishing these lectures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=54.38,57.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was to create an opportunity to showcase some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=57.96,62.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of our most distinguished faculty members.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=62.08,64.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's what we're doing tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=64.58,67.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This lecture series is supported by F. Wendell Miller","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=67.02,71.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Miller Endowment and the Iowa State University","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=71.29,74.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Committee on Lectures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=74.81,76.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to introduce Vice President for Academic Affairs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=76.79,80.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Provost Ben Allen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=80.74,82.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who will introduce tonight's speaker, Ben.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=82.7,85.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=86.573,89.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you, President Geoffroy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=93.704,94.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Good evening. 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scholars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=281.81,284.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and providing very important research results","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=284.83,287.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that address an extremely important social issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=287.8,291.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The mistakes made in this area can have and do have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=291.81,296.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"profound ramifications for the individuals involved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=296.31,299.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Please welcome Professor Gary Wells.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=299.92,302.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=314.36,319.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of talks over the last few years, incredible number,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=320.11,324.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't even keep track,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=324.67,326.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to, you know groups like, well, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=326.32,330.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to invited talks to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=330.53,331.961"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Attorney General of the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=331.961,334.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and people in the Department of Justice,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=334.21,336.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to LAPD's, Police Chief Bratton","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=336.82,341.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and NYPD and so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=342.53,346.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the American Psychological Association and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=346.27,348.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there's something about giving a 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University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=355.88,357.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so I'm pleased to have this offer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=357.9,362.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from President Geoffroy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=362.03,364.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, let's get right to this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=365.13,367.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're talking about \"Eye witness identification.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=367.36,370.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're talking about the identification","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=370.45,373.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of criminal suspects from lineups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=373.3,376.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's unfortunate this is a pretty visual,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=377.37,380.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have a lot of visuals stuff to show,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=380.27,382.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's unfortunate that people sitting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=382.44,384.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in certain places may not be able to see this very well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=384.13,387.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what we're talking about is situations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=388.34,392.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which a criminal suspect is embedded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=392.07,395.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among what we call fillers in a lineup with the idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=395.62,399.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that an eyewitness to a crime would look at that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=399.48,403.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and attempt to identify that person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=403.55,406.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm talking about eyewitness identification evidence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=406.773,410.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are a lot of problems with eyewitness memory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=410.89,413.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm focusing here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=413.86,415.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the identification evidence from lineups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=415.67,418.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why? Because identification evidence is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=418.02,420.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"direct evidence of guilt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=420.79,422.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's only one other kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=423.44,424.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of direct evidence of guilt and that's confession evidence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=424.68,427.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, you know, things like fingerprints and so on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=427.81,430.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they merely that they indicate, they're circumstantial.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=430.82,433.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's all circumstantial evidence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=433.24,435.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They merely indicate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=435.18,436.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a person touched a given surface.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=436.013,437.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You still have to establish that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=437.98,439.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was the perpetrator.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=439.39,440.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But when someone says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=440.74,442.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"that's the guy I saw pull the trigger.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=442.317,445.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then if you believe that eyewitness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=445.05,447.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you believe the person to be guilty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=447.0,448.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In that sense, it's direct evidence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=448.84,451.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is a staple form of evidence for criminal prosecutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=451.32,455.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and has been for a very long period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=455.17,459.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore it is a foundation for indictments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=459.53,462.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it is a powerful determinant of criminal convictions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=462.78,466.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I won't tell you about the studies that we've done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=466.22,468.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of jury simulations, showing how powerful this evidence is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=468.72,472.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's very powerful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=472.69,474.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And those were very early studies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=474.49,477.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everyone knows in a sense, this idea of the lineup, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=477.63,481.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when you talk about a police lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=481.33,483.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people know what you're talking about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=483.42,484.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cause you've seen them on television and so on and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=484.83,488.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's obviously a very old one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=488.25,491.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's a more modern one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=491.31,492.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a lineup that occurred in Missouri.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=492.51,497.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet what happens is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=497.22,499.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most lineups today are actually done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=499.46,501.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with photographs, not live,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=501.61,503.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but everything that I have to say today applies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=503.79,506.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"equally well to live lineups and to photographic lineups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=506.52,510.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All the principles that I talked about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=510.31,512.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are exactly the same, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=512.73,515.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now here's an overview of what I want to talk about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=515.25,518.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, I want to give you sort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=518.02,519.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what I call, sort of the longer story in brief.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=519.15,522.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's a pretty long story here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=522.48,524.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been at this a long time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=524.56,526.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"longer than anybody, approximately 30 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=526.16,529.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, it was about 30 years ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=529.3,531.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this month that I first did an eyewitness experiment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=531.32,536.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I want to tell you where that's come to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=536.68,539.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a very brief kind of overview.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=539.2,541.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I want to talk about the DNA exonerations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=541.3,544.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know something about these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=544.35,545.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you read the newspapers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=545.79,547.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you watch the news, you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=547.87,550.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that DNA came along and has been exonerating people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=550.16,553.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why is that related to what I'm talking about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=553.7,556.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=556.69,557.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I want to tell you briefly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=557.67,560.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to kind of go through this idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=560.27,562.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how we've gone about studying eyewitness identification","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=562.03,566.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"evidence from a scientific perspective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=566.26,568.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What makes it scientific and how do we do that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=568.43,571.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I want to, after I've laid that out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=571.76,574.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to tell you about a psychological process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=574.09,578.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that actually I first described almost 20 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=578.33,582.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it has become sort of the, in a sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=582.11,586.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the general understanding that has led us to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=586.48,590.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of other kinds of developments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=590.48,592.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's called the relative judgment process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=592.42,595.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some people call it a theory, it may or may not be a theory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=595.1,598.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll give you the basic overview of that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=598.2,600.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it tells us a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=600.39,602.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about how mistaken identifications happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=602.14,605.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it has implications for how we need to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=605.47,607.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instruct witnesses prior to viewing a lineup.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=607.97,610.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has implications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=610.78,612.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for how you need to select fillers for lineups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=612.21,614.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'll tell you about one very hot kind of implication.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=614.82,619.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is, that it led us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=619.56,621.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the development of what we call the sequential lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=621.39,624.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we believe to be a superior way of conducting lineups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=624.78,629.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I want to tell you about double blind testing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=629.92,633.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is an audience that has a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=633.3,635.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of scientific minds in it, whether you're","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=635.48,637.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from social science, physical sciences, biological sciences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=637.57,641.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you probably know something about double blind testing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=641.19,644.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The legal system knows nothing about that concept.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=644.05,647.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have no idea what you're talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=647.03,649.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm gonna tell you why that's really important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=649.49,652.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then I want to talk about eyewitness certainty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=652.56,656.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, how certain a witness is matters a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=656.35,660.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how is it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=660.63,662.096"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that witnesses become certain and yet wrong?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=662.096,667.096"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we've studied that a lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=667.97,669.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then I'll end by talking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=669.07,670.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about reform because finally we are getting reform now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=670.65,674.646"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States, in various jurisdictions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=674.646,677.551"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based on, led by the science.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=677.551,681.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The story in brief, actually psychological science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=681.62,686.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"began questioning eyewitness identification evidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=686.97,690.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the late 1970s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=690.15,693.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based on results of laboratory experiments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=693.17,695.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, not even looking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=695.97,697.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at real cases, we were saying, even in the 1970s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=698.548,702.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. Look. to the legal system, \"look, it looks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=702.69,705.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like you've got a problem here,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=705.38,707.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eyewitness identification evidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=707.18,709.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seems not to be nearly as reliable as you think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=709.49,712.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we warned the legal system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=712.38,714.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that eyewitness identification evidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=714.27,715.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appears to be much more readily trusted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=715.92,718.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than it should be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=718.41,719.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that mistaken identifications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=719.63,721.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our experiments at least are happening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=721.53,723.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with pricing frequency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=723.38,725.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By 1978, we'd already conducted experiments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=726.55,730.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and published experiments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=730.77,732.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"showing how the justice system itself maybe contributing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=732.07,736.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to mistaken 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looking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=739.18,741.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the fact that the way in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=741.95,743.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the system was going about this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=743.68,745.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seemed to be producing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=745.85,747.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps some of these mistaken identifications.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=747.92,750.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The legal system slept.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=750.57,752.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I sometimes say the legal system actively ignored us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=753.23,756.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if that's not sort of an oxymoron,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=756.5,758.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how do you actively ignore?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=758.41,760.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet it felt like we were being actively ignored","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=760.29,764.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was the legal system slept, paid no 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changed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=773.53,774.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, forensic DNA testing came along.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=774.6,777.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think Alec Jeffreys, a British scientist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=778.56,782.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who somewhat accidentally discovered forensic DNA","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=782.64,787.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uses in 1987.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=787.79,790.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By about the early nineties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=790.47,793.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was starting to be used and I'll show 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cycle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=797.61,800.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and bring it up to where sort of things are at today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=800.07,802.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the legal system has turned to scientific psychology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=802.68,806.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for answers now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=806.77,808.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quite a 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robbery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=826.66,831.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other kinds of things, who were convicted by juries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=831.05,836.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were serving hard time in a prison,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=836.24,838.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then forensic DNA testing came along","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=838.58,843.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and proved that they were 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first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=856.81,861.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and still only refereed journal article","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=861.11,865.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"analyzing these DNA exoneration 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death.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=901.61,905.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was reduced to a life sentence on a technicality later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=906.87,911.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This number here that exists is the 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along","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=918.85,920.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and proved that they did not do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=920.95,923.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so Kirk Bloodsworth who had no prior record of any kind,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=923.567,927.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a veteran, a military veteran and a great guy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=927.53,932.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've gotten to know him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=932.07,932.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've gotten to know many of the people on this list.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=932.903,935.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what was the evidence producing the conviction?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=935.75,938.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's, what's important here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=938.2,939.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Looking at the right-hand column,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=939.41,941.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"five witnesses mistakenly identified him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=942.28,943.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll see there's always a little bit of something else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=943.78,946.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's always something else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=946.62,947.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of these people are all innocent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=947.98,950.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and definitively declared innocent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=950.43,952.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Self-incriminating statements for example, in his case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=952.65,955.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how can you make self-incriminating statements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=955.44,957.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you're not guilty?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=957.1,958.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, in the context of a mistaken identification","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=958.34,961.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything looks guilty, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=961.62,964.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so you see that reported over and over again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=964.12,967.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what's leading these cases as we go down here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=967.0,970.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we see that it's mistaken identification.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=970.35,973.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then you'll notice something else in 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cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=986.73,989.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why? Well, because first of all, when you go back and look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=989.21,993.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at these cases, so these are people who were convicted prior","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=993.69,996.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the advent of forensic DNA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=996.94,998.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And most of these cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1001.082,1002.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the biological evidence was not collected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1002.25,1004.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you're sitting in prison,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1004.89,1006.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maybe there was biological 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time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1011.895,1013.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the biological evidence was not collected properly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1013.97,1016.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do these kinds of DNA analysis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1016.43,1019.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to collect that evidence properly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1019.61,1021.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the biological evidence was destroyed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1021.74,1023.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were not any laws.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1023.63,1025.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once you're convicted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1025.16,1026.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can destroy the evidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1026.9,1028.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the evidence does tend to get destroyed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1029.47,1031.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or the biological evidence deteriorated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1031.99,1034.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heat and light are enemies of biological evidence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1034.07,1039.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or the biological evidence was lost.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1039.21,1041.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've had the unfortunate experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1041.49,1043.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of visiting many police evidence rooms across the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1043.94,1048.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're an absolute mess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1049.78,1051.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Things get thrown out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1051.86,1053.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are things in cardboard 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open.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1057.98,1062.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're a real mess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1062.66,1063.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or there was no biological evidence in the first place,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1063.96,1067.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the majority of the cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1067.5,1070.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, you may have noticed when I went","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1070.07,1074.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the list of DNA exoneration cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1074.68,1076.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're virtually all sexual assault cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1076.83,1079.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe sexual assault plus murder,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1080.75,1082.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe sexual assault plus robbery,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1082.95,1085.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they're all sexual assault cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1085.96,1087.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why? Not because sexual assault victims","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1087.63,1090.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the worst witnesses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1090.72,1092.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they may be among the very best witnesses that we have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1093.22,1096.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They get a much closer look.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1096.12,1098.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They get a longer look at the perpetrator's face.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1098.03,1101.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not that they're bad witnesses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1101.25,1103.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's that that's where the biological evidence is, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1103.27,1106.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the form of semen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1106.66,1108.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's how you get exonerated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1108.12,1110.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's biological evidence that exonerates you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1110.18,1113.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it comes in the sexual assault cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1113.16,1116.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only a fraction of cases then can ever be solved this way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1117.54,1121.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because with DNA, because most serious crimes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1121.57,1123.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do not leave behind definitive biological evidence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1123.85,1127.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's rare to have any definitive biological evidence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1127.44,1130.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DNA rich biological evidence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1130.77,1132.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trace evidence for murders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1132.58,1134.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's been estimated that fewer than 20%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1134.35,1137.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"20% is the upper estimate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1137.94,1139.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of murders could be solved with DNA testing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1139.47,1142.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you've got 80% that can't be solved that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1142.45,1144.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There're isn't gonna be biological evidence in muggings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1144.92,1149.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it'd be a very rare mugging, burglaries, drive-by shootings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1149.02,1153.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How excited is this guy gonna have to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1153.62,1155.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"robbing the 7-Eleven, to leave behind that kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1155.88,1158.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of biological evidence?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1158.21,1159.536"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1159.536,1160.369"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not gonna happen, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1160.369,1162.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if you're mistakenly identified, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1162.47,1165.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's nothing as definitive as DNA to exonerate you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1167.33,1172.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then there's nothing really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1172.47,1175.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the most part that can be done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1175.07,1176.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And mistaken identification is a dual problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1176.97,1180.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Keep this in mind, people lose track of this point,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1180.28,1184.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"namely that, yes, a person who did not commit the offense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1184.0,1188.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be convicted from mistaken identification.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1189.455,1191.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's what we were focusing on right there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1191.59,1193.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People like Kirk Bloodsworth, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1193.74,1196.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's also the case that whenever that happens,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1196.54,1200.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it means that the actual perpetrator","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1200.36,1201.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gets away with the crime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1201.96,1203.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, when we look at these DNA exoneration cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1203.89,1207.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and remember, DNA also leads us in these exoneration cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1207.57,1211.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to who the real perpetrator was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1211.09,1213.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when it leads to who the real perpetrator was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1213.93,1216.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're not all solved yet, but when at least they rule","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1216.7,1220.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who were the real perpetrator was, guess what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1220.15,1221.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That person was still out there committing crimes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1221.84,1225.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while somebody else was being prosecuted for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1225.24,1227.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we're concerned about the fact of course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1227.89,1231.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the actual perpetrator gets away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1231.78,1233.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's all kinds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1233.49,1234.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of reasons to be concerned about mistaken identification.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1234.45,1237.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for the most part, we are as dependent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1237.7,1240.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on eyewitness identification evidence, as we ever were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1240.3,1243.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what we've been doing is studying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1243.37,1246.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wouldn't say (indistinct) evidence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1246.44,1248.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can probably come up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1248.44,1249.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with this on your own if you think about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1249.58,1251.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We create events.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1251.67,1253.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We create 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people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1258.55,1260.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We do it in a variety of ways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1260.2,1262.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the important point about that of course, is 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Bomber,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1271.53,1274.457"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you see this person, you know, as an eyewitness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1275.33,1279.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"often you don't know that you're 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happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1293.08,1295.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's why you can't use real cases to do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1295.18,1297.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We do this over and over again for large 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place,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1315.12,1316.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we put together the lineup,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1316.57,1318.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we know who the real perpetrator 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female.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1361.44,1364.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can manipulate things like whether there was a composite","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1364.74,1367.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like a sketch artist might do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1367.99,1370.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or like we do with computer systems now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1370.09,1373.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prior to viewing a lineup.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1373.97,1375.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can manipulate the instructions that are given","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1375.56,1378.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prior to viewing the lineup.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1378.08,1379.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can manipulate the type of lineup that's viewed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1379.51,1382.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'll tell you about an alternative type of 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behaviors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1388.26,1389.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the lineup administrator, which turns out to be one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1389.91,1392.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the biggest problems that we have in the system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1392.31,1395.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'll come back to that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1395.99,1397.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and tell you more about what I mean by that later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1397.37,1400.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So before I tell you about some of these variables","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1402.69,1405.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of these results,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1405.59,1408.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna tell you about something that we observed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1408.04,1411.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over and over and over again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1411.26,1414.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it sort of encompasses the process that occurs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1414.69,1419.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when eyewitnesses view a lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1420.01,1422.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and attempt to identify the perpetrator.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1422.87,1425.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I simply dubbed it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1425.59,1427.927"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I first proposed it, the relative judgment process,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1427.927,1431.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the relative judgment process, a very simple idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1431.37,1434.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, you know, one of the things that I've discovered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1434.24,1436.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the simplest ideas are the best ideas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1436.98,1440.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the simplest ideas are sometimes the very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1440.1,1442.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hardest ones to come up with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1442.29,1444.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a very simple idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1444.55,1446.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eyewitnesses tend to select the person who looks most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1446.33,1448.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the perpetrator,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1448.47,1449.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relative to the other members of the lineup.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1449.67,1452.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, when you first encounter that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1453.46,1455.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and first tell you about that, you're like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1455.56,1457.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yeah, so? You know, big deal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1457.62,1461.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seems rather benign.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1461.62,1462.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, it's not benign.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1462.6,1463.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very malevolent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1463.51,1464.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a very problematic process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1464.49,1466.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And let me show you why.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1466.64,1467.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were lots of complex ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1472.56,1474.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which I tried to demonstrate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1474.93,1476.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's meant by relative judgments over the years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1476.15,1479.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it turns out that by 1993","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1479.13,1482.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd figured out the easy way to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1482.58,1484.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The simple way to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1484.21,1485.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Remember, the simple stuff is the hardest to discover.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1485.15,1488.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we did this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1488.29,1489.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We staged a crime 200 times","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1489.46,1491.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for 200 separate witnesses. Okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1491.42,1494.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we showed half of them, random assignment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1494.67,1498.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a hundred of these witnesses, this lineup,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1498.12,1500.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this photographic lineup.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1500.97,1503.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we warned all these witnesses this is critical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1503.01,1506.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now 54% are able to pick him out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1506.8,1509.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the real guy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1509.62,1511.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That represents the real guy right there position three.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1511.29,1513.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"54% can pick him out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1513.99,1515.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's nothing magic about 54%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1515.48,1518.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That number goes up or down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1518.16,1519.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a function of all kinds of things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1519.71,1521.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how good of a view you give the witnesses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1521.33,1523.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how long between the crime at the time you do the lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1523.54,1526.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1526.25,1527.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nothing magic about 54%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1527.083,1528.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's important is not the absolute numbers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1528.6,1532.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but rather what happens to these numbers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1532.09,1534.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the pattern that emerges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1534.49,1536.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So 54% are able to pick him out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1536.22,1539.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All witnesses, this is credible,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1539.05,1540.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"note that all witnesses were warned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1540.88,1542.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the actual perpetrator might not be in the lineup.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1542.67,1545.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Note as well, down here, 21% they're making no choice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1545.54,1549.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So about 21% are saying, I don't think he's there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1549.7,1554.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or I can't be sure enough to pick somebody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1554.14,1556.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of this lineup.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1556.5,1557.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we wanted to know now is for the other 100 witnesses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1558.69,1562.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who witnessed exactly the same thing, what happens?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1562.64,1566.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we take number three, we eliminate him from the lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1566.15,1571.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we replace him with no one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1571.56,1573.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we call that a removal without replacement procedure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1574.06,1577.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This isn't how we do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1579.82,1581.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't put an extra, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1581.26,1582.472"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1582.472,1585.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the question is, where does the 54% go?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1585.3,1588.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has to go somewhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1588.65,1590.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These have to add to 100%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1590.24,1592.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the no choice plus all these choices and that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1592.19,1595.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where does the 54% go?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1595.67,1597.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has to go somewhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1597.3,1598.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now keep in mind, we warned these witnesses just as strongly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1598.66,1602.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that \"look the real perpetrator might not be there.\" Right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1603.52,1607.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what happens with 54%?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1608.46,1609.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, one possibility of course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1609.79,1611.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that it would shift down here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1611.41,1612.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That makes sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1612.69,1613.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you pull the actual perpetrator out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1614.79,1617.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this 54% should join that 21%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1617.14,1620.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so in the end now you have 75% making no choice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1620.31,1624.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But remember I told you about relative judgments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1625.25,1628.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's not exactly what's gonna happen, is it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1628.87,1631.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What happens is only not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1631.51,1634.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but only 11% shift down there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1634.133,1637.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now he's gone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1638.03,1638.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The dominant tendency is to go to the next best guy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1640.25,1644.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is the problem with relative judgments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1645.48,1649.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"namely that, someone will always look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1649.73,1654.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more like the perpetrator","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1654.45,1655.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the remaining members of the lineup,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1655.77,1657.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even when the actual perpetrator is not in the lineup.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1657.26,1659.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very critical issue, because it turns out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1659.92,1663.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's very common for witnesses to view lineups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1663.49,1666.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which the actual perpetrator is not there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1666.22,1668.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everyone, before we had this work documented well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1668.77,1673.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quebec in 1984, really although in more complex ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1673.2,1676.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I was able to simply explain to you now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1676.21,1679.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We predicted that if there ever was a litmus test","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1679.12,1682.827"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we didn't know that DNA was coming along,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1682.827,1685.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no one did in 1984.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1685.26,1688.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If a litmus test like that ever did come along","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1688.42,1690.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then what it would show is not only lots","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1690.85,1693.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of mistaken identifications,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1693.01,1694.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that they're happening when the real perpetrator","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1694.6,1696.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not in the lineup.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1696.95,1698.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nothing magic about that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1698.4,1699.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all it means is the police have a suspect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1699.55,1702.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They picked some fillers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1704.0,1705.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they put together a line up and they're wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1705.73,1708.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That guy didn't do it. Right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1708.18,1711.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the witnesses looking at a lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1711.19,1712.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which the real perpetrator is not there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1712.98,1714.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the tendency is to pick who looks most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1714.45,1716.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the perpetrator, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1716.87,1719.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that is a primary contributor to mistaken identification.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1719.32,1723.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are actually lots of important implications of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1725.25,1727.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I can give you approximately a dozen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1727.44,1729.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll tell you about three.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1729.41,1731.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is, this is why it is absolutely critical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1731.2,1734.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have to warn witnesses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1734.82,1737.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they view a lineup, explicitly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1737.24,1740.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the actual culprit might not be present.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1740.34,1742.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We did that in this experiment that I just showed you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1742.953,1745.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they still made relative judgments, but it's even worse,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1746.99,1750.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you don't warn them, then everybody makes a pick.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1750.27,1753.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at least we got 21 plus 11, 32%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1753.39,1757.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not making the pick when he's not there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1757.53,1759.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's a critical aspect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1761.03,1764.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it turns out that a lot of police departments do that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1764.42,1769.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many police departments don't do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1769.14,1771.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A survey done by North Carolina Law Enforcement showed that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1771.33,1776.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"80% of North Carolina Police Departments never do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1776.7,1781.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The City of Philadelphia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1781.3,1783.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all their lineups never did that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1783.05,1785.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So these are important things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1785.41,1786.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is also why the fillers that you pick","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1786.73,1789.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a lineup need to fit the witness's description","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1789.59,1793.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the perpetrator and significant features.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1793.78,1796.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the reason why they need to do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1796.69,1799.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So for instance, because of relative judgment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1799.4,1802.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so for instance, consider this lineup, real lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1802.5,1807.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which, and I don't know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1807.42,1808.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you can tell what this guy's hair looks like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1808.66,1810.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it looked basically like his, there's a dark door","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1810.38,1812.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you can't quite tell,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1812.78,1813.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but here the witness described the perpetrator of this crime","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1814.87,1819.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as being a black male with an Afro style haircut.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1819.06,1823.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, even you can tell who the suspect is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1824.42,1826.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And indeed it is, it's this guy right here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1826.44,1828.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What kind of test is that? Right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1829.64,1832.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in a relative judgment sense, this guy is at risk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1832.22,1837.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we show in our experiments, witnesses will pick him","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1837.75,1840.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if it's not the real guy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1840.58,1841.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he fits the description better than the others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1841.89,1844.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what relative judgments do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1844.88,1847.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this case, this Missouri case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1847.12,1848.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the witnesses described the perpetrators","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1848.92,1850.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having blonde hair,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1850.44,1852.332"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1852.332,1854.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it doesn't help to put him in a Hooters T-shirt either.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1854.74,1857.239"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1857.239,1859.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's more common is a little more complex.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1859.29,1861.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's a photo lineup, for instance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1861.55,1863.828"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which the witness described the perpetrator","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1863.828,1867.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as being a white male, about six feet two inches tall,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1867.2,1870.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dark hair just over the ears and clean shaven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1870.13,1872.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, let's start down here, does that look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1873.36,1875.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like dark hair just over the ears no,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1875.32,1877.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not even clean shaven and not clean shaven, not dark hair","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1877.13,1879.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just over the ears, not dark hair just over the ears.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1879.89,1882.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's between these two guys.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1882.03,1884.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So all of a sudden, now we got to line up with two, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1884.35,1887.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These guys might as well be dogs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1887.69,1889.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and cats and refrigerators in here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1889.0,1890.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1890.623,1892.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but notice how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1892.55,1894.045"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they managed to leave the height lines back here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1894.045,1896.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which comes up, there's 74 inches, that's 6'2\" right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1896.55,1900.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Behind this guy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1900.15,1901.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And indeed that's the suspect in the case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1901.1,1903.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these people are merely fillers in that lineup, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1903.75,1908.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now another, I told you then,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1909.01,1911.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I gave you two implications of the relative judgment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1911.07,1913.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the simple relative judgment idea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1913.66,1915.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about warning witnesses before viewing a lineup,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1916.44,1919.805"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a couple might not be there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1919.805,1920.638"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about how you have to select fillers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1920.638,1921.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it gets more complex in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1921.86,1923.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the rules for selecting fillers, much more complex","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1923.69,1926.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you get the idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1926.77,1928.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But also, now I want to tell you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1929.13,1931.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about this, sequential lineup procedures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1931.1,1932.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what we wanted to do was, we tried a lot of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1932.91,1936.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We tried just telling witnesses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1936.17,1937.387"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"look don't just pick who looks most like him,\" right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1937.387,1941.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it turns out that doesn't really help.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1942.71,1945.459"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It shouldn't surprise us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1945.459,1947.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If something comes natural to people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1947.72,1949.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think relative comparisons one to another,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1949.67,1952.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you get a chance to compare one thing to another,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1952.8,1955.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's what you'll do. Right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1955.21,1957.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so just telling people not do that isn't good enough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1957.65,1960.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They can not do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1960.91,1962.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the process that comes naturally to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1962.82,1965.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we wanted to find a way to stop that process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1965.29,1968.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and see what happens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1968.84,1970.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we developed the sequential lineup.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1970.31,1973.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now in doing this, we needed a name for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1977.006,1979.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's the standard procedure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1980.7,1982.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's used in law enforcement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1982.26,1983.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we call that now a simultaneous lineup,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1983.51,1986.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is, here's a lineup, this one happens to have five","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1986.49,1990.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and notice that they're all present simultaneously.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1990.84,1993.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is true","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1993.87,1994.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it's a live lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1994.703,1996.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or photographic lineup, they're all there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1996.09,1998.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can compare one to another","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1998.45,1999.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decide who looks most like them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=1999.81,2001.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's the problem that we're talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2001.06,2003.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't want people doing it that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2003.17,2005.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so the alternative to this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2006.8,2008.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is what we call the sequential procedure, one at a time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2008.61,2012.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2013.41,2014.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's more like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2014.243,2015.357"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Mrs. Jones, I'm gonna show you a number of people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2015.357,2019.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have a number of people to show you, one at a time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2019.09,2022.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You make a decision on each, before I go to the next.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2022.25,2025.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is this the guy you saw pull the trigger?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2025.76,2027.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes or no.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2027.71,2028.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's say she says, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2029.63,2030.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Is this the guy you saw pull the trigger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2030.463,2031.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes or no.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2031.93,2033.316"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's say she says, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2033.316,2034.149"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Is this the guy you saw pull the trigger?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2034.149,2036.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes or no.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2036.07,2037.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now notice how psychologically very different this is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2037.58,2041.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2041.16,2042.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you can't just compare one person to another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2043.35,2045.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh yeah, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2045.72,2046.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're on number three here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2046.84,2047.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can say, well, you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2047.87,2048.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"number three looks more like him than number two did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2048.703,2051.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I don't know what number four is gonna look like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2053.38,2056.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Number four might look even more like him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2056.29,2058.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So witnesses recognize immediately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2058.63,2061.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they can't just compare one person to another","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2061.23,2063.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decide who looks most like him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2063.97,2065.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have to dig deeper,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2065.8,2067.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compare each person to their memory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2067.42,2070.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and instead of making a relative judgment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2070.16,2072.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have to make something that we call more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2072.96,2075.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of an absolute judgment, an absolute decision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2075.18,2078.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about whether that's the person or not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2078.3,2081.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we've had the sequential lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2081.06,2084.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we first introduced it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2084.63,2086.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lots of people from all over,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2086.05,2089.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other researchers have also studied it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2089.0,2093.302"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Experiments have been done in Australia, Canada","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2093.302,2097.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all across the U.S, England, South Africa, testing this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2097.77,2102.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and (indistinct), did a meta analysis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2103.27,2107.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I assume that most of you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2107.27,2108.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what a meta analysis is where you take all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2108.44,2110.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these studies and you collapse them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2110.21,2112.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into one large data set and collapse these so that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2112.35,2117.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from these staged crime experiments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2118.15,2120.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were 4,145 participant witnesses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2120.5,2124.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who either were tested using the simultaneous method","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2124.06,2128.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the sequential method.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2128.38,2129.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not a perfect solution but it helps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2134.518,2136.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hear are the results, mistaken identifications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2136.81,2139.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a similar looking innocent suspect,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2139.41,2141.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're one-third the rate with sequential.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2141.55,2143.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in other words, whatever the rate is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2143.89,2146.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was simultaneous for the rate of mistaken identifications.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2146.27,2150.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if you're running, let's say 20%, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2150.09,2154.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It drops down to seven or 8%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2154.23,2157.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It becomes about one third.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2157.28,2159.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It cuts two thirds of the mistaken identifications out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2159.18,2162.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it also reduces identification of the culprit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2162.48,2167.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by about 15%, not as much,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2167.42,2170.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it does a little bit of damage there as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2170.58,2174.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's not a perfect system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2174.58,2175.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but overall it becomes a more diagnostic form of lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2175.95,2180.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the traditional simultaneous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2182.61,2186.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'll have more to say about it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2186.18,2187.426"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of how that has transformed itself into reform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2187.426,2192.426"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, one of the things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2193.33,2194.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I thought that you might be able","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2196.209,2197.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to relate to pretty well if you have any kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2197.67,2201.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of science background at all, is one of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2201.96,2206.196"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other kinds of things that we've done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2206.196,2209.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to help the legal system here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2209.01,2211.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to look at lineups that police do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2211.91,2215.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from something that we know very well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2217.213,2219.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"namely scientific experiments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2219.65,2222.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, here's an analogy that has really helped us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2222.01,2227.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we explicitly articulated in print in 1992.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2227.46,2232.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The analogy is this, police conducting a lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2232.03,2234.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are like researchers conducting an experiment, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2234.74,2238.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So let's see where this is goes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2238.56,2240.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have an experimenter and an experiment, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2242.17,2244.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, that's like the detective on a case, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2244.97,2248.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who has a hypothesis in your experiment?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2248.44,2251.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, the detective has a hypothesis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2251.0,2252.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the suspect is the culprit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2252.98,2254.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, you know, in an experiment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2254.86,2257.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll create a design to test the hypothesis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2257.74,2260.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, so does a detective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2260.52,2262.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A detective embeds the suspect among fillers, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2262.47,2265.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And is basically producing an experiment of sorts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2265.77,2270.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In experiments, we have materials that we use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2270.92,2273.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so does the detective, a photo spread or a live lineup.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2273.1,2276.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have procedures in our experiments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2276.92,2279.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So does the detective instructing the witness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2279.08,2281.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"presenting the lineup.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2281.23,2282.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We take measures in our experiments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2282.89,2284.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, so does the detective, the choice from the lineup,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2284.96,2288.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the confidence of the witness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2288.07,2289.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those are the things that get measured","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2289.56,2291.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in effect by the detective. Right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2291.37,2294.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what's powerful about this analogy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2294.18,2296.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between conducting a scientific experiment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2296.83,2299.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between researchers conducting a scientific experiment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2299.76,2302.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and police conducting a lineup is that it tells us a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2302.47,2306.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what kinds of things we might want to export","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2306.7,2309.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to police that we know from science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2309.64,2312.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that perhaps they ought to be doing with their lineups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2312.38,2315.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. And you know, in experiments we interpret data,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2316.48,2319.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so do police, detectives, they raise or lower","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2319.81,2324.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the belief that the suspect is guilty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2324.05,2325.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based on the measures or results that they get.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2325.65,2329.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Importantly, all of the things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2329.15,2331.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of the things, cause we've studied now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2331.74,2333.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"real lineups (indistinct), what police are doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2333.94,2337.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of the things that can go wrong with an experiment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2337.12,2339.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you know, if you're a scientist at all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2339.84,2341.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lots of things can go wrong in experiments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2341.74,2343.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have to be careful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2343.96,2345.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can go wrong with the lineup,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2345.3,2347.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"confoundings, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2347.263,2348.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In experiments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2348.75,2349.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, there are various designed kinds of biases that exist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2349.92,2353.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with lineups, experimenter expectancy effects,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2353.81,2356.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you know what those are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2356.61,2358.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are also applicable to lineups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2358.147,2360.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poor instructions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2360.52,2361.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We see lineups with poor instructions all the time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2361.91,2364.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaking the hypothesis to your subjects in your experiment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2364.74,2369.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before you collected all the measures is something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2369.78,2371.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we would never do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2371.97,2373.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in fact, that happens with real lineups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2373.46,2376.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a leaking of the hypothesis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2376.98,2378.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a failure to randomize over trials,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2378.84,2380.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"multiple witnesses that keep putting the suspect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2380.97,2384.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the same position for every witness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2384.25,2386.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which creates problems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2386.38,2387.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"failure to keep subjects from influencing each other,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2387.79,2390.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they let witnesses interact way too much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2390.67,2393.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that they're not independent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2393.77,2395.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you don't know exactly what's influencing them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2395.06,2397.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Confirmation biases apply to research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2397.6,2401.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, confirmation biases apply to lineups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2401.1,2404.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what police are doing as well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2404.87,2406.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in particular the way in which law enforcement will tend to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2406.62,2409.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ignore non-identifications.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2409.89,2411.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the witness picks somebody other than,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2411.6,2413.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"picks one of the fillers, instead of your suspect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2413.89,2416.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we find is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2416.55,2417.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that doesn't reduce the detective's belief","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2417.63,2419.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the suspect was guilty at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2419.95,2421.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just sort of like, ah, bad witness. Okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2421.83,2424.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this analogy is an apt one because it turns out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2426.09,2430.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that police lineups tend to look like very bad experiments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2430.33,2434.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very bad experiments that are rife with these design flaws","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2434.44,2438.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and procedural flaws, experiment expectancy effects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2438.39,2441.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other confoundings that can implicate innocent people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2441.47,2446.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that can mislead them as to what they have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2447.71,2450.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just like you can be misled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2450.57,2452.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as to what your results are in an experiment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2452.04,2454.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know a lot in the scientific community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2454.61,2457.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the best ways to conduct scientific experiments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2457.57,2461.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that serves then as a model","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2461.56,2464.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we are exporting to law enforcement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2464.28,2467.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for conducting lineups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2467.45,2470.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's an example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2472.14,2473.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a very important example, the concept of blind testing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2473.49,2476.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know about the importance of blind testing in science.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2476.31,2480.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course double blind testing means","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2480.21,2482.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that neither the person administering the test","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2482.39,2484.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nor the person being tested knows the so-called correct","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2484.98,2489.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or desired answer, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2489.3,2491.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's double blind testing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2491.05,2492.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Single blind means the subject does 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testing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2498.4,2500.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that subject also doesn't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2500.24,2502.185"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're familiar with this, at the very least,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2502.185,2504.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the case of drug testing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2504.96,2507.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The FDA will not approve a drug if it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2507.1,2509.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hasn't been subjected to double blind testing, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2509.5,2512.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So where neither the medical person who examines the subject","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2512.23,2515.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nor the subject knows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2516.89,2519.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether the subject received the experimental drug","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2519.02,2521.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the placebo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2521.1,2522.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So when you're running these trials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2522.29,2525.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then any medical person who is examining this individual","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2525.96,2528.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking in their eyes and banging on their knees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2528.82,2531.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and asking them questions about how they're doing. Okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2531.01,2533.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Doesn't know, is this person in the placebo condition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2533.75,2537.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or is this person in the experimental drug condition? Right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2537.35,2541.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Double blind testing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2541.12,2543.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it turns out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2543.22,2544.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that double blind lineups are absolutely critical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2544.88,2549.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we've been exporting that idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2549.64,2553.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We presume that lineups are single blind,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2553.66,2556.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is, we presume that when a lineup is conducted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2556.25,2559.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a detective, but the detective doesn't say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2559.96,2562.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Mrs. Jones, I'm gonna show you a lineup to see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2562.557,2564.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you can pick out number three\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2564.42,2566.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course. Right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2567.02,2568.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it turns out that except","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2568.8,2571.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a few reform jurisdictions that I'll tell you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2571.49,2573.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about in a little bit, lineups are usually conducted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2573.75,2577.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the case detective, the very person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2577.55,2581.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who developed that suspect in the first place,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2581.37,2584.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the very person who even selected the fillers, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2584.1,2588.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And importantly, most identifications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2588.03,2591.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I indicated before, are done with photos.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2591.58,2594.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's a detective who has a suspect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2594.26,2597.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's the photo of the suspect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2597.76,2599.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Put some fillers in, goes to the witness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2599.26,2602.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the witness is brought to the police station,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2602.56,2604.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one or the other, sits down with the witness, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2604.78,2608.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the interaction ensues, the test ensues. Okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2608.89,2613.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The little experiment with this witness ensues and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2615.37,2619.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the detective knows what the so-called correct answer is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2621.09,2624.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course the tester does.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2624.97,2626.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have found that you need double blind lineup procedures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2628.37,2632.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is the person who administers the lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2632.79,2634.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does not know which person is the suspect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2634.61,2637.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to prevent the following things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2637.59,2639.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we have proven in many cases over and over again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2639.35,2642.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happens over and over again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2642.91,2644.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Verbal influences on the identification decision.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2646.12,2648.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are natural things to happen when you're","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2649.41,2651.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not using double blind techniques. Right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2651.28,2654.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So suppose for example, you're the detective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2654.36,2656.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you put your suspect in position three,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2656.77,2659.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know that one, two, four, five, and six","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2659.59,2661.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are merely fillers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2661.93,2663.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Number three is your guy, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2663.29,2665.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what you think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2665.36,2667.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the witness then looks at this lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2667.3,2670.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and says, \"number two.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2670.19,2673.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reaction of the detective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2674.6,2676.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now, make sure you look at everyone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2676.57,2678.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. So you're looking more, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2680.51,2683.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But basically, I mean, what's the message","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2683.55,2685.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you get from that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2685.36,2686.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"get off that number two,\" right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2686.193,2688.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"|That's one of my fillers, get off that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2688.947,2690.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's somebody else,\" right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2690.51,2692.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now notice what happens, a very different reaction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2692.49,2695.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the other hand, if the witness says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2695.39,2698.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that again the suspect is in position three,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2698.68,2700.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who may or may not be the perpetrator,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2700.63,2703.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you think it is as the detective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2703.15,2705.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the witness says, \"number three.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2705.21,2708.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell me about number three, very different reaction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2708.09,2712.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/956","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This becomes a conversation and a shaping process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2712.38,2716.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/957","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's perfectly natural.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2716.02,2717.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not that the detectives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2717.69,2718.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are doing something intentionally wrong,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2718.97,2720.921"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's just that, I mean, any more than, I mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2720.921,2723.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we don't require double blind testing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2723.58,2725.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with drugs or in other areas of science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2725.83,2729.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we don't trust the medical people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2729.47,2731.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or because we don't trust scientists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2731.82,2733.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is because medical people and scientists are human.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2733.96,2736.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They will influence the person they're testing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2736.36,2739.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/967","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the same is true of detectives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2739.52,2742.031"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not that they're trying to do something wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2742.031,2745.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're just human.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2745.01,2746.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we have to take that human factor out of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2746.46,2749.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've looked at cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2750.47,2752.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I proved first in a South Carolina case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2752.24,2754.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is actually what made me really start pressing this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2754.31,2758.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the detective looked at the lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2758.8,2761.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and said, absolutely nothing, which is not uncommon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2761.28,2765.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/976","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You look at it, it's a tough task.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2765.17,2767.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/977","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the witness doesn't say anything for a bit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2767.67,2769.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/978","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe the witness lets maybe 30 seconds go by.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2771.23,2774.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/979","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Have you ever, especially, you know, detectives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2774.997,2778.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/980","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're all impatient.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2778.19,2779.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/981","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"30 seconds. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2779.64,2781.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/982","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was 10 seconds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2790.06,2791.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/983","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2791.47,2792.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/984","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Imagine 30 seconds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2792.303,2793.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/985","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Imagine two minutes, detectives sitting there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2793.24,2796.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the detective says, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2796.34,2798.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I noticed you paused to number three.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2798.697,2801.042"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/988","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2801.042,2803.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/989","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I got to know this detective for whom this happened","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2803.45,2808.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/990","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we discovered this and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2809.79,2811.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/991","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=2811.43,2812.517"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29960/annotation/992","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/960/original/AV204933_Do_the_Eyes_Have_It_The_Mistaken_Eyewitness_a.vtt?1624896375","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/960/original/AV204933_Do_the_Eyes_Have_It_The_Mistaken_Eyewitness_a.vtt?1624896375"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29961","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204933_Do_the_Eyes_Have_It_The_Mistaken_Eyewitness_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547/transcript/29961/annotation/993","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- People here tonight on this cold snowy evening. This Lecture Series was created two years ago to present lectures to the general public and to the campus community on topics of exciting, broad general interest. And also as a way to showcase the excellence of our faculty and their scholarly work. We have many truly outstanding faculty members at Iowa State University who are known around the world for the excellence of their research and their scholarship. But all too often, they're not quite as well known at home because they don't have the opportunity to present lectures like this to the broader community. And so one of the reasons for establishing these lectures was to create an opportunity to showcase some of our most distinguished faculty members. And that's what we're doing tonight. This lecture series is supported by F. Wendell Miller and the Miller Endowment and the Iowa State University Committee on Lectures. I'd like to introduce Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost Ben Allen who will introduce tonight's speaker, Ben.\r\n\r\n- Thank you, President Geoffroy. Good evening. It is my pleasure to introduce the speaker for the Spring Presidential University Lecture, Professor Gary Wells. Professor Wells is a distinguished professor in the Liberal Arts and Sciences College. He's a Professor of Psychology, is a member of the Iowa State University Faculty since 1988. He actually came here I think and served as Chair of the department for about four years. Before coming to either State, Professor Wells was a faculty member at the University of Alberta from 1977 to 1988. He earned his BS Degree in 1973 from Kansas State University and PhD from Ohio State University, 1977. Professor Wells is considered the nation's foremost expert on the psychology of eyewitness memory and testimony. The foremost expert. He has conducted extensive research and reliability of eyewitness accounts of crime and testimony. He has been awarded NSF funding for his research and has published more than 150 papers and he has given numerous invited speeches and presentations. Professor Wells is a scholarly activist in these areas. His research has revealed numerous problems and weaknesses in police use of lineups, and eyewitness accounts. He was a leader in reforming legal policy and police practice regarding lineups. Professor Wells, a consultant and speaker to law enforcement judicial and attorney groups in 40 States and Canada and also to the U.S Department of Justice. He is one of ISU's most sought after faculty experts by the National Media. He was recently elected president of the 3000 member American Psychology Law Society, and he becomes president, I think in July of this summer. This is an international organization devoted to research and public service. Professor Wells earned its distinguished contributions to Forensic Sciences Award in 2001. As president, he plans to have a special initiative to make the society a nexus between evidence analyst and the scientific community on matters related to psychology and law. He's a fellow in the American Psychological Association, a fellow in Psychology and Law, a fellow in the Society of Personality and Social Psychology. Professor Wells is also a member of numerous other professional organizations and hold several journal editorial positions. It's easy to understand why President Geoffroy selected Gary Wells to be the speaker this evening. The University Lecture Series was designed to highlight faculty excellence and learning discovery and engagement. Professor Wells is doing an extraordinary amount of research that is internationally recognized, educating the next generation of scholars and providing very important research results that address an extremely important social issue. The mistakes made in this area can have and do have profound ramifications for the individuals involved. Please welcome Professor Gary Wells.\r\n\r\n- Thank you, Provost Allen. And you know, I have given an awful lot of talks over the last few years, incredible number, I can't even keep track, to, you know groups like, well, for example, to invited talks to the Attorney General of the United States and people in the Department of Justice, and to LAPD's, Police Chief Bratton and NYPD and so on, the American Psychological Association and so on. But there's something about giving a talk to the scholars in your more immediate community, which for me is Iowa State University. And so I'm pleased to have this offer from President Geoffroy. Well, let's get right to this. We're talking about \"Eye witness identification.\" We're talking about the identification of criminal suspects from lineups. It's unfortunate this is a pretty visual, I have a lot of visuals stuff to show, and it's unfortunate that people sitting in certain places may not be able to see this very well. But what we're talking about is situations in which a criminal suspect is embedded among what we call fillers in a lineup with the idea that an eyewitness to a crime would look at that and attempt to identify that person. I'm talking about eyewitness identification evidence. There are a lot of problems with eyewitness memory but I'm focusing here on the identification evidence from lineups. Why? Because identification evidence is direct evidence of guilt. There's only one other kind of direct evidence of guilt and that's confession evidence. In fact, you know, things like fingerprints and so on they merely that they indicate, they're circumstantial. That's all circumstantial evidence. They merely indicate that a person touched a given surface. You still have to establish that that was the perpetrator. But when someone says, \"that's the guy I saw pull the trigger.\" Then if you believe that eyewitness then you believe the person to be guilty. In that sense, it's direct evidence. It is a staple form of evidence for criminal prosecutions and has been for a very long period of time. And therefore it is a foundation for indictments and it is a powerful determinant of criminal convictions. I won't tell you about the studies that we've done of jury simulations, showing how powerful this evidence is but it's very powerful. And those were very early studies. Everyone knows in a sense, this idea of the lineup, right? And when you talk about a police lineup people know what you're talking about, cause you've seen them on television and so on and so forth. Here's obviously a very old one. Here's a more modern one. This is a lineup that occurred in Missouri. And yet what happens is, most lineups today are actually done with photographs, not live, but everything that I have to say today applies equally well to live lineups and to photographic lineups. All the principles that I talked about are exactly the same, okay? Now here's an overview of what I want to talk about. First, I want to give you sort of what I call, sort of the longer story in brief. So there's a pretty long story here. I've been at this a long time longer than anybody, approximately 30 years. In fact, it was about 30 years ago this month that I first did an eyewitness experiment. And I want to tell you where that's come to in a very brief kind of overview. Then I want to talk about the DNA exonerations. You know something about these if you read the newspapers, if you watch the news, you know that DNA came along and has been exonerating people, why is that related to what I'm talking about? You'll see. Then I want to tell you briefly, I want to kind of go through this idea of how we've gone about studying eyewitness identification evidence from a scientific perspective. What makes it scientific and how do we do that? Then I want to, after I've laid that out, I want to tell you about a psychological process that actually I first described almost 20 years ago. And it has become sort of the, in a sense, the general understanding that has led us to a lot of other kinds of developments and it's called the relative judgment process. Some people call it a theory, it may or may not be a theory. I'll give you the basic overview of that because it tells us a lot about how mistaken identifications happen. And it has implications for how we need to instruct witnesses prior to viewing a lineup. It has implications for how you need to select fillers for lineups. And I'll tell you about one very hot kind of implication. And that is, that it led us to the development of what we call the sequential lineup which we believe to be a superior way of conducting lineups. Then I want to tell you about double blind testing. This is an audience that has a lot of scientific minds in it, whether you're from social science, physical sciences, biological sciences. So you probably know something about double blind testing. The legal system knows nothing about that concept. They have no idea what you're talking about. but I'm gonna tell you why that's really important. And then I want to talk about eyewitness certainty. In other words, how certain a witness is matters a lot and how is it that witnesses become certain and yet wrong? And we've studied that a lot. And then I'll end by talking about reform because finally we are getting reform now in the United States, in various jurisdictions based on, led by the science. The story in brief, actually psychological science began questioning eyewitness identification evidence in the late 1970s based on results of laboratory experiments. In other words, not even looking at real cases, we were saying, even in the 1970s that. Look. to the legal system, \"look, it looks like you've got a problem here,\" eyewitness identification evidence seems not to be nearly as reliable as you think. So we warned the legal system that eyewitness identification evidence appears to be much more readily trusted than it should be, and that mistaken identifications in our experiments at least are happening with pricing frequency. By 1978, we'd already conducted experiments and published experiments showing how the justice system itself maybe contributing to mistaken identifications. Then in other words, instead of just blaming the eyewitness, we were looking at the fact that the way in which the system was going about this seemed to be producing, perhaps some of these mistaken identifications. The legal system slept. I sometimes say the legal system actively ignored us, if that's not sort of an oxymoron, how do you actively ignore? And yet it felt like we were being actively ignored but it was the legal system slept, paid no attention to this work until, about the mid 1990s. What changed? Well, forensic DNA testing came along. I think Alec Jeffreys, a British scientist, who somewhat accidentally discovered forensic DNA uses in 1987. By about the early nineties, it was starting to be used and I'll show you again how that's relevant. Today, to kind of complete this cycle and bring it up to where sort of things are at today, the legal system has turned to scientific psychology for answers now. Quite a turnaround. Well, I want to start with this idea of the DNA exoneration. Analysis that we've done of convictions of the innocent. You've seen these, you see them in new papers. There was one that just popped up again a couple of days ago. People who were convicted of very serious crimes, murder, armed robbery other kinds of things, who were convicted by juries, were serving hard time in a prison, and then forensic DNA testing came along and proved that they were innocent. This started in about 1992. They're still unfolding. They show that mistaken eyewitness identification is the point primary cause of these wrongful convictions. We began to analyze these and publish the first and still only refereed journal article analyzing these DNA exoneration cases. And let me just give you a sense of what's going on here. We began to look at these cases and ask the question, why did this innocent person get convicted in the first place? We ought to want to know. The legal system itself was not asking that question. There has never been a government study of why these people were convicted of crimes they did not commit. It's all been basically left up to us to look at. So people like Kirk Bloodsworth, who was convicted of murder and rape in 1985, he was sentenced to death. It was reduced to a life sentence on a technicality later. This number here that exists is the number of years that the person's been in prison before forensic DNA came along and proved that they did not do it. And so Kirk Bloodsworth who had no prior record of any kind, a veteran, a military veteran and a great guy, I've gotten to know him. I've gotten to know many of the people on this list. But what was the evidence producing the conviction? That's, what's important here. Looking at the right-hand column, five witnesses mistakenly identified him. You'll see there's always a little bit of something else. There's always something else. Many of these people are all innocent and definitively declared innocent. Self-incriminating statements for example, in his case, how can you make self-incriminating statements if you're not guilty? Well, in the context of a mistaken identification everything looks guilty, right? And so you see that reported over and over again. And what's leading these cases as we go down here, we see that it's mistaken identification. And then you'll notice something else in here that I'll come back to. But this can only be a small slice of the cases. There're now over 150 of these cases but it can only be a small slice of the cases. Why? Well, because first of all, when you go back and look at these cases, so these are people who were convicted prior to the advent of forensic DNA. And most of these cases, the biological evidence was not collected. So you're sitting in prison, and maybe there was biological evidence but it was never collected because it wasn't that useful at the time or the biological evidence was not collected properly to do these kinds of DNA analysis you have to collect that evidence properly, or the biological evidence was destroyed. There were not any laws. Once you're convicted you can destroy the evidence and the evidence does tend to get destroyed. Or the biological evidence deteriorated, heat and light are enemies of biological evidence. Or the biological evidence was lost. I've had the unfortunate experience of visiting many police evidence rooms across the country. They're an absolute mess. Things get thrown out. There are things in cardboard boxes. They tend to put these places in basements. You get flooding, the bottoms of the boxes break open. They're a real mess. Or there was no biological evidence in the first place, which is the majority of the cases. In fact, you may have noticed when I went through the list of DNA exoneration cases, they're virtually all sexual assault cases. Maybe sexual assault plus murder, maybe sexual assault plus robbery, but they're all sexual assault cases. Why? Not because sexual assault victims are the worst witnesses, they may be among the very best witnesses that we have. They get a much closer look. They get a longer look at the perpetrator's face. It's not that they're bad witnesses, it's that that's where the biological evidence is, right? In the form of semen. So that's how you get exonerated There's biological evidence that exonerates you and it comes in the sexual assault cases. Only a fraction of cases then can ever be solved this way. because with DNA, because most serious crimes do not leave behind definitive biological evidence. It's rare to have any definitive biological evidence, DNA rich biological evidence, trace evidence for murders. It's been estimated that fewer than 20%, 20% is the upper estimate, of murders could be solved with DNA testing. So you've got 80% that can't be solved that way. There're isn't gonna be biological evidence in muggings, it'd be a very rare mugging, burglaries, drive-by shootings. How excited is this guy gonna have to be robbing the 7-Eleven, to leave behind that kind of biological evidence? Not gonna happen, right? So if you're mistakenly identified, right? And there's nothing as definitive as DNA to exonerate you, then there's nothing really for the most part that can be done. And mistaken identification is a dual problem. Keep this in mind, people lose track of this point, namely that, yes, a person who did not commit the offense can be convicted from mistaken identification. And that's what we were focusing on right there. People like Kirk Bloodsworth, right? But it's also the case that whenever that happens, it means that the actual perpetrator gets away with the crime. In fact, when we look at these DNA exoneration cases, and remember, DNA also leads us in these exoneration cases to who the real perpetrator was. And when it leads to who the real perpetrator was, they're not all solved yet, but when at least they rule who were the real perpetrator was, guess what? That person was still out there committing crimes while somebody else was being prosecuted for it. So we're concerned about the fact of course that the actual perpetrator gets away. So there's all kinds of reasons to be concerned about mistaken identification. And for the most part, we are as dependent on eyewitness identification evidence, as we ever were. Now, what we've been doing is studying, I wouldn't say evidence, and you can probably come up with this on your own if you think about it. We create events. We create events. We create, you know, simulated crimes for unsuspecting people. We do it in a variety of ways. But the important point about that of course, is that because we were the ones who created the event, like here we call this \"The Rooftop Bomber,\" you see this person, you know, as an eyewitness, often you don't know that you're witnessing a crime at the time. And then later you have to try to identify that person right? So because we created the event, we know exactly what happened and it's powerful to know exactly what happened. That's why you can't use real cases to do that. We do this over and over again for large numbers of witnesses who we can then have for a lineup. And once again, the important point here is that because we were the ones who staged the crime in the first place, because we were the ones who staged the crime in the first place, and we put together the lineup, we know who the real perpetrator is. Or whether the real perpetrator is even in that lineup, which turns out to be an important point that I'll make here in a little bit. So we're taking control of the variables, right? We're taking control of the situation. We can then obtain identification decisions from these witnesses. We can also measure the certainty with which they make the identification, which turns out to be very important. That allows us to study how close is the relationship between the accuracy of the identification and the certainty of identification. Then we can go in and manipulate things. We can manipulate systematically the nature of the witnessed the event, the characteristics of the witnesses, young, old, black, white male, female. We can manipulate things like whether there was a composite like a sketch artist might do or like we do with computer systems now prior to viewing a lineup. We can manipulate the instructions that are given prior to viewing the lineup. We can manipulate the type of lineup that's viewed, and I'll tell you about an alternative type of lineup that we've tested, that we found to be very productive. And we can manipulate the behaviors of the lineup administrator, which turns out to be one of the biggest problems that we have in the system. And I'll come back to that and tell you more about what I mean by that later. So before I tell you about some of these variables and some of these results, I wanna tell you about something that we observed over and over and over again. And it sort of encompasses the process that occurs when eyewitnesses view a lineup and attempt to identify the perpetrator. And I simply dubbed it when I first proposed it, the relative judgment process, the relative judgment process, a very simple idea. In fact, you know, one of the things that I've discovered is that the simplest ideas are the best ideas and the simplest ideas are sometimes the very hardest ones to come up with. This is a very simple idea. Eyewitnesses tend to select the person who looks most like the perpetrator, relative to the other members of the lineup. Well, when you first encounter that and first tell you about that, you're like, yeah, so? You know, big deal. It seems rather benign. No, it's not benign. It's very malevolent. It's a very problematic process. And let me show you why. There were lots of complex ways in which I tried to demonstrate what's meant by relative judgments over the years. But it turns out that by 1993 I'd figured out the easy way to do it. The simple way to do it. Remember, the simple stuff is the hardest to discover. So we did this. We staged a crime 200 times for 200 separate witnesses. Okay? Then we showed half of them, random assignment, a hundred of these witnesses, this lineup, this photographic lineup. And we warned all these witnesses this is critical. Now 54% are able to pick him out. That's the real guy. That represents the real guy right there position three. 54% can pick him out. There's nothing magic about 54%. That number goes up or down as a function of all kinds of things, how good of a view you give the witnesses, how long between the crime at the time you do the lineup and so on. Nothing magic about 54%. What's important is not the absolute numbers but rather what happens to these numbers, the pattern that emerges. So 54% are able to pick him out. All witnesses, this is credible, note that all witnesses were warned that the actual perpetrator might not be in the lineup. Note as well, down here, 21% they're making no choice. So about 21% are saying, I don't think he's there or I can't be sure enough to pick somebody out of this lineup. What we wanted to know now is for the other 100 witnesses who witnessed exactly the same thing, what happens? If we take number three, we eliminate him from the lineup and we replace him with no one. So we call that a removal without replacement procedure. This isn't how we do it. We don't put an extra, but the question is, where does the 54% go? It has to go somewhere. These have to add to 100%, the no choice plus all these choices and that, where does the 54% go? It has to go somewhere. Now keep in mind, we warned these witnesses just as strongly that \"look the real perpetrator might not be there.\" Right? But what happens with 54%? Well, one possibility of course is that it would shift down here. That makes sense. When you pull the actual perpetrator out this 54% should join that 21%, so in the end now you have 75% making no choice. But remember I told you about relative judgments. So that's not exactly what's gonna happen, is it? What happens is only not but only 11% shift down there. Now he's gone. The dominant tendency is to go to the next best guy. And that is the problem with relative judgments, namely that, someone will always look more like the perpetrator than the remaining members of the lineup, even when the actual perpetrator is not in the lineup. Very critical issue, because it turns out it's very common for witnesses to view lineups which the actual perpetrator is not there. Everyone, before we had this work documented well Quebec in 1984, really although in more complex ways and I was able to simply explain to you now. We predicted that if there ever was a litmus test and we didn't know that DNA was coming along, no one did in 1984. If a litmus test like that ever did come along then what it would show is not only lots of mistaken identifications, but that they're happening when the real perpetrator is not in the lineup. Nothing magic about that, all it means is the police have a suspect. They picked some fillers they put together a line up and they're wrong. That guy didn't do it. Right? So the witnesses looking at a lineup in which the real perpetrator is not there, and the tendency is to pick who looks most like the perpetrator, right? So that is a primary contributor to mistaken identification. There are actually lots of important implications of this. And I can give you approximately a dozen. I'll tell you about three. One is, this is why it is absolutely critical that we have to warn witnesses, when they view a lineup, explicitly, that the actual culprit might not be present. We did that in this experiment that I just showed you and they still made relative judgments, but it's even worse, if you don't warn them, then everybody makes a pick. And at least we got 21 plus 11, 32% not making the pick when he's not there. So that's a critical aspect. And it turns out that a lot of police departments do that, many police departments don't do that. A survey done by North Carolina Law Enforcement showed that 80% of North Carolina Police Departments never do that. The City of Philadelphia and all their lineups never did that. So these are important things. This is also why the fillers that you pick for a lineup need to fit the witness's description of the perpetrator and significant features. That's the reason why they need to do that. So for instance, because of relative judgment, so for instance, consider this lineup, real lineup in which, and I don't know if you can tell what this guy's hair looks like but it looked basically like his, there's a dark door so you can't quite tell, but here the witness described the perpetrator of this crime as being a black male with an Afro style haircut. Well, even you can tell who the suspect is. And indeed it is, it's this guy right here. What kind of test is that? Right? So in a relative judgment sense, this guy is at risk, and we show in our experiments, witnesses will pick him even if it's not the real guy because he fits the description better than the others. That's what relative judgments do. In this case, this Missouri case, the witnesses described the perpetrators having blonde hair, it doesn't help to put him in a Hooters T-shirt either. What's more common is a little more complex. Here's a photo lineup, for instance in which the witness described the perpetrator as being a white male, about six feet two inches tall, dark hair just over the ears and clean shaven. Well, let's start down here, does that look like dark hair just over the ears no, not even clean shaven and not clean shaven, not dark hair just over the ears, not dark hair just over the ears. So it's between these two guys. So all of a sudden, now we got to line up with two, right? These guys might as well be dogs and cats and refrigerators in here, but notice how they managed to leave the height lines back here which comes up, there's 74 inches, that's 6'2\" right? Behind this guy. And indeed that's the suspect in the case. And these people are merely fillers in that lineup, right? Now another, I told you then, I gave you two implications of the relative judgment, the simple relative judgment idea, about warning witnesses before viewing a lineup, a couple might not be there about how you have to select fillers. And it gets more complex in terms of the rules for selecting fillers, much more complex but you get the idea. But also, now I want to tell you about this, sequential lineup procedures. So what we wanted to do was, we tried a lot of things. We tried just telling witnesses, \"look don't just pick who looks most like him,\" right? But it turns out that doesn't really help. It shouldn't surprise us. If something comes natural to people, and I think relative comparisons one to another, if you get a chance to compare one thing to another, that's what you'll do. Right? And so just telling people not do that isn't good enough. They can not do that. That's the process that comes naturally to them. So we wanted to find a way to stop that process and see what happens. And so we developed the sequential lineup. Now in doing this, we needed a name for what's the standard procedure that's used in law enforcement, we call that now a simultaneous lineup, that is, here's a lineup, this one happens to have five and notice that they're all present simultaneously. And this is true whether it's a live lineup or photographic lineup, they're all there. You can compare one to another decide who looks most like them. And that's the problem that we're talking about. We don't want people doing it that way. And so the alternative to this is what we call the sequential procedure, one at a time. All right. So it's more like, \"Mrs. Jones, I'm gonna show you a number of people. I have a number of people to show you, one at a time. You make a decision on each, before I go to the next. Is this the guy you saw pull the trigger? Yes or no.\" Let's say she says, no. \"Is this the guy you saw pull the trigger. Yes or no.\" Let's say she says, no. \"Is this the guy you saw pull the trigger? Yes or no.\" Now notice how psychologically very different this is, very different because you can't just compare one person to another. Oh yeah, sure. You're on number three here. You can say, well, you know number three looks more like him than number two did. But I don't know what number four is gonna look like. Number four might look even more like him. So witnesses recognize immediately that they can't just compare one person to another decide who looks most like him. They have to dig deeper, compare each person to their memory and instead of making a relative judgment, they have to make something that we call more of an absolute judgment, an absolute decision about whether that's the person or not. Well, we've had the sequential lineup when we first introduced it. Lots of people from all over, other researchers have also studied it. Experiments have been done in Australia, Canada all across the U.S, England, South Africa, testing this and , did a meta analysis, and I assume that most of you know what a meta analysis is where you take all of these studies and you collapse them into one large data set and collapse these so that, from these staged crime experiments there were 4,145 participant witnesses who either were tested using the simultaneous method or the sequential method. It's not a perfect solution but it helps. Hear are the results, mistaken identifications of a similar looking innocent suspect, we're one-third the rate with sequential. So in other words, whatever the rate is was simultaneous for the rate of mistaken identifications. So if you're running, let's say 20%, okay? It drops down to seven or 8%. It becomes about one third. It cuts two thirds of the mistaken identifications out. But it also reduces identification of the culprit by about 15%, not as much, but it does a little bit of damage there as well. So it's not a perfect system but overall it becomes a more diagnostic form of lineup than the traditional simultaneous. And I'll have more to say about it in terms of how that has transformed itself into reform. Well, one of the things, that I thought that you might be able to relate to pretty well if you have any kind of science background at all, is one of the other kinds of things that we've done to try to help the legal system here is to look at lineups that police do from something that we know very well, namely scientific experiments. In other words, here's an analogy that has really helped us which we explicitly articulated in print in 1992. The analogy is this, police conducting a lineup are like researchers conducting an experiment, right? So let's see where this is goes. You have an experimenter and an experiment, right? Well, that's like the detective on a case, right? Who has a hypothesis in your experiment? Well, the detective has a hypothesis that the suspect is the culprit. And so, you know, in an experiment we'll create a design to test the hypothesis. Well, so does a detective. A detective embeds the suspect among fillers, right? And is basically producing an experiment of sorts. In experiments, we have materials that we use. And so does the detective, a photo spread or a live lineup. We have procedures in our experiments, So does the detective instructing the witness presenting the lineup. We take measures in our experiments, well, so does the detective, the choice from the lineup, the confidence of the witness, those are the things that get measured in effect by the detective. Right? And what's powerful about this analogy between conducting a scientific experiment, between researchers conducting a scientific experiment and police conducting a lineup is that it tells us a lot about what kinds of things we might want to export to police that we know from science that perhaps they ought to be doing with their lineups. Okay. And you know, in experiments we interpret data, and so do police, detectives, they raise or lower the belief that the suspect is guilty based on the measures or results that they get. Importantly, all of the things, all of the things, cause we've studied now real lineups , what police are doing all of the things that can go wrong with an experiment, and you know, if you're a scientist at all, lots of things can go wrong in experiments. You have to be careful. You can go wrong with the lineup, confoundings, right? In experiments. Well, there are various designed kinds of biases that exist with lineups, experimenter expectancy effects, if you know what those are, are also applicable to lineups. Poor instructions. We see lineups with poor instructions all the time leaking the hypothesis to your subjects in your experiment before you collected all the measures is something that we would never do. But in fact, that happens with real lineups a leaking of the hypothesis, a failure to randomize over trials, multiple witnesses that keep putting the suspect in the same position for every witness which creates problems, failure to keep subjects from influencing each other, they let witnesses interact way too much so that they're not independent. So you don't know exactly what's influencing them. Confirmation biases apply to research. Well, confirmation biases apply to lineups and what police are doing as well, in particular the way in which law enforcement will tend to ignore non-identifications. So the witness picks somebody other than, picks one of the fillers, instead of your suspect. What we find is that that doesn't reduce the detective's belief that the suspect was guilty at all. Just sort of like, ah, bad witness. Okay? And this analogy is an apt one because it turns out that police lineups tend to look like very bad experiments, very bad experiments that are rife with these design flaws and procedural flaws, experiment expectancy effects other confoundings that can implicate innocent people, that can mislead them as to what they have. Just like you can be misled as to what your results are in an experiment. We know a lot in the scientific community about the best ways to conduct scientific experiments. And that serves then as a model that we are exporting to law enforcement for conducting lineups. Here's an example, a very important example, the concept of blind testing. We know about the importance of blind testing in science. And of course double blind testing means that neither the person administering the test nor the person being tested knows the so-called correct or desired answer, right? That's double blind testing. Single blind means the subject does not know the so-called correct answer. Double blind means the person testing that subject also doesn't know. You're familiar with this, at the very least, in the case of drug testing. The FDA will not approve a drug if it hasn't been subjected to double blind testing, right? So where neither the medical person who examines the subject nor the subject knows whether the subject received the experimental drug or the placebo. So when you're running these trials then any medical person who is examining this individual looking in their eyes and banging on their knees and asking them questions about how they're doing. Okay? Doesn't know, is this person in the placebo condition or is this person in the experimental drug condition? Right? Double blind testing. Well, it turns out that double blind lineups are absolutely critical and we've been exporting that idea. We presume that lineups are single blind, that is, we presume that when a lineup is conducted by a detective, but the detective doesn't say, \"Mrs. Jones, I'm gonna show you a lineup to see if you can pick out number three\" Of course. Right? But it turns out that except for a few reform jurisdictions that I'll tell you about in a little bit, lineups are usually conducted by the case detective, the very person who developed that suspect in the first place, the very person who even selected the fillers, right? And importantly, most identifications as I indicated before, are done with photos. So it's a detective who has a suspect. Here's the photo of the suspect. Put some fillers in, goes to the witness or the witness is brought to the police station, one or the other, sits down with the witness, right? And the interaction ensues, the test ensues. Okay? The little experiment with this witness ensues and the detective knows what the so-called correct answer is. Of course the tester does. We have found that you need double blind lineup procedures, that is the person who administers the lineup does not know which person is the suspect in order to prevent the following things which we have proven in many cases over and over again happens over and over again. Verbal influences on the identification decision. These are natural things to happen when you're not using double blind techniques. Right? So suppose for example, you're the detective, you put your suspect in position three, you know that one, two, four, five, and six are merely fillers. Number three is your guy, right? That's what you think. And the witness then looks at this lineup and says, \"number two.\" Reaction of the detective, now, make sure you look at everyone. Okay. So you're looking more, right? But basically, I mean, what's the message that you get from that, \"get off that number two,\" right? |That's one of my fillers, get off that it's somebody else,\" right? Now notice what happens, a very different reaction, on the other hand, if the witness says, that again the suspect is in position three, who may or may not be the perpetrator, but you think it is as the detective and the witness says, \"number three.\" Tell me about number three, very different reaction. This becomes a conversation and a shaping process. And it's perfectly natural. It's not that the detectives are doing something intentionally wrong, it's just that, I mean, any more than, I mean we don't require double blind testing with drugs or in other areas of science because we don't trust the medical people or because we don't trust scientists, is because medical people and scientists are human. They will influence the person they're testing. And the same is true of detectives. It's not that they're trying to do something wrong. They're just human. And so we have to take that human factor out of that. We've looked at cases. I proved first in a South Carolina case this is actually what made me really start pressing this, where the detective looked at the lineup and said, absolutely nothing, which is not uncommon. You look at it, it's a tough task. So the witness doesn't say anything for a bit. Maybe the witness lets maybe 30 seconds go by. Have you ever, especially, you know, detectives, we're all impatient. 30 seconds. Okay. That was 10 seconds. All right. Imagine 30 seconds. Imagine two minutes, detectives sitting there. So the detective says, you know, \"I noticed you paused to number three.\" Now I got to know this detective for whom this happened and we discovered this and so on. I think..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118547#t=0.0,2819.10857"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Barely anything except the detective's expectations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=5.19,9.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the experimental expectancy effect,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=9.53,11.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has been demonstrated incredibly well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=11.63,15.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in scientific psychology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=15.53,17.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But even if you'd had a rule that said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=17.83,20.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Look, a detective can't say anything to the witness,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=20.057,22.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I think is a bad rule, it doesn't help.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=22.367,25.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It doesn't take care of the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=25.38,27.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there still are nonverbal influences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=27.57,29.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the identification, pauses leaning,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=29.8,33.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"displays of interest or disinterest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=33.26,35.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a lot of nonverbal ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=35.13,37.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to influence witnesses as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=37.09,39.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Facial expressions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=39.59,41.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, the answer is you've got to do these things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=41.3,45.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a double blind fashion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=45.62,47.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where the rule is the person who administers that lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=47.28,51.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does not know which person is the filler","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=52.72,55.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and which person is a suspect and what's your fillers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=55.05,59.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this leads me to something very related","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=59.61,62.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and very important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=62.0,63.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Namely, I wouldn't have certainty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=63.4,64.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you'll see how that comes back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=64.96,66.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the double blind idea here in a bit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=66.67,69.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I witnessed certainty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=69.52,70.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not a mistaken identification per se","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=72.51,74.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that leads to the conviction of innocent people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=74.98,78.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Instead, the eye witness must be highly certain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=78.33,82.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if the high witnesses is certain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=82.93,84.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and mistaken which we call false certainty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=84.46,89.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then that's the dangerous situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=89.57,91.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These DNA exoneration cases, we'll go back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=91.96,93.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and look at those cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=93.96,94.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those witnesses are positive on the stand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=94.91,97.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of them say use phrases like, \"I'm 150% sure.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=97.19,102.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how people get over 100,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=102.43,103.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was only you get outside the rules","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=103.86,105.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even of percentages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=105.83,107.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we knew from our early studies of jury simulations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=111.475,116.475"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the certainty that the eyewitness expresses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=116.77,120.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the primary determining factor whether or not people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=120.36,124.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and by people I mean the detectives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=124.18,126.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the prosecutor, the judge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=126.8,129.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the jury believe that the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=129.35,131.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wouldn't spend an identification.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=131.71,132.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the witnesses certain then you're going down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=132.94,137.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's just that powerful of evidence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=139.57,141.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, certainly the witness matters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=141.56,143.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now here's the interesting thing about this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=143.7,146.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It turns out that it's not the case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=148.22,151.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as some secondary sources have said that, \"Oh","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=151.35,154.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"there's really no relationship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=154.477,155.607"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"It's certainly not gonna say.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=155.607,156.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually meta analysis once again, over thousands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=156.47,160.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and thousands of our subject population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=160.22,164.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"men analysis collapsing over those studies indicate that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=164.39,167.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is an upper limit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=167.627,169.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that I would just say that the correlation I would,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=169.47,170.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as an indication accuracy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=171.993,173.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainty could be as high as about 0.40 to 2.45, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=173.52,178.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now you have to be able to communicate these ideas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=179.8,184.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to audiences who don't know anything about correlations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=184.16,187.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I did an interesting thing, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=187.24,189.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's interesting that works pretty well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=189.09,191.429"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A 0.4 to 2.45 correlation is approximately the same","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=191.429,195.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the correlation between height and gender, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=195.95,198.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which is biologically determined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=200.99,202.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think at a high gender correlation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=202.79,204.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think is 0.42 or 0.43.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=204.17,207.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What that means is, and it's a fitting analogy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=207.72,210.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because what it means is, here we're trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=211.7,215.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to use a sort of continuous variable confidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=215.29,219.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's continuous to predict a dichotomous variable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=219.62,223.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accuracy, accurate-inaccurate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=223.24,225.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can do the same thing with height and gender.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=225.17,227.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's somebody's height which is continuous,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=227.51,230.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it could be anywhere along some range","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=230.17,232.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you're trying to predict, let's say their gender","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=232.23,235.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether they're male or female,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=235.72,237.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well that you have about a 0.42 or so correlation 0.43","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=238.39,243.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which means that if I tell you for example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=243.35,245.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here's somebody who's an adult,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=245.57,247.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is five feet four inches tall, what do you predict?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=247.75,250.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Male or female?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=250.63,251.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh, you predict female.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=251.63,253.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you're gonna be right more often","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=253.0,254.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than you're gonna be wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=254.07,255.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's someone who's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=255.97,257.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let's say five feet, 11 inches tall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=257.31,261.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do you predict, male or female?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=261.46,263.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Predict male","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=263.22,264.098"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you're gonna be right more often than can be wrong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=264.098,265.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but sometimes you'll be wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=265.42,267.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same is true of eyewitness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=267.0,269.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The correlation between accuracy and confidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=269.64,273.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the more interesting thing is that it's unfortunate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=273.09,277.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the way that identification evidence is obtained","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=277.14,279.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unlike in our experiments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=279.67,281.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is where we got this estimated correlation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=281.04,284.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The way identifications are commonly obtained","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=284.63,286.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this country, leads to ambiguity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=286.66,288.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the meaning of eyewitness certainty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=288.99,290.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, it turns out you cannot expect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=290.8,293.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that correlation to exist in the real world the way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=293.49,298.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that these identifications are obtained","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=299.45,301.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and here's why.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=301.85,303.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're talking about the creation of false certainty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=303.24,305.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the system is built to create what we call false certainty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=305.44,309.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"namely, and what's critical here is to keep in mind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=309.82,313.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eye witnesses can be influenced even after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=313.3,315.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've made their identification.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=315.48,317.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For instance, good you identify the actual suspect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=317.64,321.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the witness picks out number three, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=321.77,324.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or witness picks out the one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=324.92,327.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the detective thought it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=327.12,328.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the detective says, \"Yes, you got it.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=328.407,331.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Happens all the time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=331.1,332.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is almost routine in many parts of the country, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=332.29,336.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or, and this is an Iowa case where I first discovered this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=336.72,340.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is actually what led me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=340.78,342.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to begin the kinds of experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=342.9,345.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm gonna show you the second here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=345.03,346.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the witness was put on the stand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=346.81,349.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this defense attorney said, \"Professor Wells, you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=350.44,353.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"how can this witness be so positive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=354.627,356.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"in the pre-trial hearing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=356.497,357.967"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and yet I know she's wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=357.967,359.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I know this has mistaken ID.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=359.147,360.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I said, \"Well, I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=360.42,362.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"But when you put her on the stand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=362.267,363.857"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"ask her, what if anything the detectives said or did,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=363.857,367.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were three detectives in the room","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=367.85,369.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that administered a photo lineup to her","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=369.16,371.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"What, if anything, the detectives said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=371.367,373.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"or did when she pointed to your client?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=373.467,377.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, he asked her on the stand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=377.14,378.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she said, \"They clapped.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=378.81,382.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=382.28,384.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, we wanted to know, what does this mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=384.48,388.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What effect does this have on people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=388.03,390.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, we began a whole series of experiments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=390.24,393.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we are still doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=393.53,395.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We published quite a number of these so far","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=395.56,398.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's very rich and interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=398.15,399.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna tell you about the sort of simple version","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=399.67,401.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the experiments, where we have people witness something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=401.51,405.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then we put together a lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=406.96,409.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they make an identification.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=409.76,411.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, with that data that I'm gonna show you right here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=411.17,414.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the way we did this is they view a lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=414.0,416.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which the real perpetrator is none of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=416.53,418.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and yet witnesses make picks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=419.97,421.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we get a lot of mistaken IDs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=421.19,423.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then we manipulate what we call feedback.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=424.13,429.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, the person administering the lineup reacts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=429.33,432.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't care who they pick","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=434.27,435.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause it's none of them really just at the flip of a coin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=435.4,438.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they happen to fall in this condition, \"We say, Oh","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=438.46,440.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, good, you identified the suspect.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=440.57,442.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=442.95,443.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They picked number three,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=443.783,444.616"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Oh, good you identified the suspect.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=444.616,445.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They picked number one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=445.45,446.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Oh good you identified the suspect.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=446.283,447.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Depending on how the coin flip came out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=447.45,449.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand, if the quite flip came out otherwise,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=449.71,453.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now we're not literally flipping coins","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=454.16,455.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have randomization chats, then nothing is set, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=455.75,460.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, here we have a simple experiment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=462.1,465.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The experiments actually have many more conditions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=465.07,466.902"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=466.902,467.735"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but here's the simple two conditions that are critical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=467.735,470.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then afterward what happens is we take various measures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=470.43,474.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By measures in this case, we're asking them questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=474.7,477.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like you would a trial about the witnessed event.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=477.33,481.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we're also asking them questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=482.57,484.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about their lineup identification.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=484.25,485.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, keep in mind, this is time going down this way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=485.7,490.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, this manipulation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=490.18,492.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this experimental treatment right here is occurring","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=492.71,495.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after they've already made their identification clearly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=495.91,498.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after they've already witnessed the event.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=498.9,500.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, it shouldn't influence what they say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=500.86,503.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about their identification","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=503.17,504.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or what they say about the witnessed event, right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=504.5,508.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But of course, it does","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=508.01,510.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we call these retrospective memory distortions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=510.73,513.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, what happens is we asked them questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=513.97,515.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like, \"How certain were you at the time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=515.89,518.357"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"of your identification","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=518.357,519.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you identified the real gunman?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=520.5,521.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"How good was the view you had of the gunman?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=521.817,523.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these are all questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=523.61,524.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you would ask a witness at trial, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=524.68,527.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now let me show you some results.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=529.18,531.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, these results is a little bit different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=531.52,533.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a kind of display than perhaps you're used to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=533.68,536.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not gonna show you means","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=536.14,538.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there's actually another interesting way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=538.52,541.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to display these data.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=541.89,543.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the percentage of witnesses who at the high extreme.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=543.42,547.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, this is there'll be the percentage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=547.93,550.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of witnesses under certainty here who say they were positive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=550.05,553.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or nearly positive in their identification.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=553.94,556.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's important, what percentage worked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=556.86,559.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember all these witnesses made mistaken identifications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=559.32,562.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we wanna know what percentage rise up to the point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=562.53,566.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with this false certainty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=566.01,567.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they would actually get to trial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=567.53,570.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and result in indictment and perhaps a conviction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=570.01,574.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then this is the percent who said they had a great view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=575.57,578.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who can make out details in the face and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=578.48,580.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In our control condition where we gave no reaction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=582.35,584.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's about 12 in this particular experiment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=585.84,588.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 12% false certainty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=588.06,590.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know where that comes from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=590.29,591.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't make it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=591.85,592.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't create it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=592.7,593.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's the way this is you're reporting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=593.85,595.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they were positive and really positive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=595.46,597.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we didn't do, we don't know where that comes from,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=597.25,600.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=600.67,601.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only about 2% say they had a great view, which is good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=601.503,603.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause we gave them a lousy view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=603.84,605.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only about 2% say they can make out details of the face,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=607.07,609.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is also good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=609.13,610.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we created a situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=610.44,612.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they really couldn't make out details of the face.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=612.59,614.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what's important is what happens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=614.89,617.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we simply had reacted to their lineup identification.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=617.22,620.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, 50% of the witnesses report being positive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=620.92,625.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or nearly positive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=625.9,627.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we've got over 25% saying they had a great view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=627.35,631.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are all distortions that resulted from reacting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=631.1,634.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the witnesses decision to the witnesses Peck, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=634.66,638.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, here's false confidence, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=640.27,644.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'Cause this is having high confidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=644.67,646.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and mistaken identification.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=646.93,648.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And only about 12% of the people are in that situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=648.32,652.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boom, false.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=652.3,653.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now all of a sudden 50% are feeling that false confidence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=653.29,657.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It turns out also, interestingly that if you go back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=657.27,660.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ask them later, then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=660.89,663.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we reacted to the person who administered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=664.66,667.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that photo lineup reacted to your choice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=667.51,669.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by saying that we have also dis confirming conditions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=669.54,674.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not pointing out that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=677.24,678.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, dis confirming feedback lowers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=678.44,681.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the way they remember their confidence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=681.53,683.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we asked them \"Did this influence you?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=683.46,687.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, \"Did the feedback influence you?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=687.64,689.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what we find is that some people will say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=689.95,692.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Yes, it did.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=692.057,692.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And some people will say, \"No, it didn't.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=692.89,694.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what's more important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=694.82,696.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and more interesting is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=696.2,698.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you look their actual confidence here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=699.12,703.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you find is that those who say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=704.75,707.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that feedback influence them, yes, indeed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=707.21,709.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Look, here's the confirming higher than the dis confirming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=709.52,713.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But those who say that feedback did not influence them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=713.0,715.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just as influence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=719.13,720.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is not a significant interaction here, by the way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=720.41,723.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are just as influenced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=723.15,724.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, what we find is that people have in psychology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=724.24,727.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we say people have no introspective access","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=727.11,729.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to these cognitive processes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=729.75,731.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They can't go back and report to you exactly what happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=731.12,735.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, let me finish up by mentioning some things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=737.41,741.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about impact and reform because if you let me go,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=741.98,746.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can go for days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=747.17,748.594"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chuckles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=748.594,750.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are over 13,000 largely independent law","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=750.6,753.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enforcement agencies in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=753.71,756.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are unique country in that respect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=756.65,758.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have these independent law enforcement agencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=758.95,761.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost every country on the face of this planet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=761.47,764.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has an integrated criminal justice system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=764.0,766.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't, we give local control,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=766.64,770.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States rights, other kinds of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=770.54,772.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, we have these independent law enforcement agencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=772.93,776.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all across the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=776.29,777.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only rules they have to abide by state constitutional","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=777.63,780.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"otherwise, they have pretty much free reign.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=780.98,785.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's no mechanism for creating 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talking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=863.4,866.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about my research and said, \"These new ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=866.35,868.887"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"of doing lineups are sweeping across the 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country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=877.64,880.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there has been significant progress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=880.4,882.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it may be that this kind of 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Jersey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=900.24,903.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the first New Jersey is unique.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=903.4,906.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I worked with the New 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things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=953.32,955.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"North Carolina now, Wisconsin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=955.28,957.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the District of Columbia just recently,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=958.64,960.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just within the last month","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=960.82,962.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the city of Minneapolis and that starting to spread.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=962.8,965.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going up there in a couple of days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=965.52,967.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they're bringing in people from around the state to look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=967.33,971.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at what they've done, Boston, Massachusetts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=971.07,974.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was on their task force and they made these changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=974.74,978.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other parts of Massachusetts are coming along","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=978.11,979.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Santa Clara County, California,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=979.71,981.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which many of you may recognize is where Stanford is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=981.53,984.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=984.6,985.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Parts of Illinois, Seattle assorted smaller jurisdictions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=985.97,988.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This mornings Chicago Tribune article points out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=988.97,993.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which actually surprised me a little bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=993.51,995.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause I wasn't sure exactly what was happening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=995.99,997.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the reporter seemed to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=997.66,999.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience chuckles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1000.662,1001.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, it's, it's picking up much more steam in Illinois.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1001.84,1006.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had gotten some small jurisdictions to do some things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1006.32,1009.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, this is this isn't the full article","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1009.5,1013.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's actually a quite lengthy article that was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1013.48,1015.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this morning's Chicago Tribune.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1015.38,1017.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reforms are unfolding in Connecticut, Louisiana,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1018.44,1022.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New Hampshire, Houston, \"Man","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1022.18,1025.357"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"if you can get Houston you can get any place, man.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1025.357,1028.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York and Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1029.41,1031.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, why is Iowa just sort of unfolding?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1031.83,1035.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, aren't I here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1035.0,1036.222"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's the way these things always work, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1036.222,1040.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And furthermore, I don't think Iowa had nearly the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1041.87,1045.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that some of these other places have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1045.52,1047.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iowa Law Enforcement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1048.22,1049.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think generally has been somewhat more conscientious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1049.39,1052.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about these things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1052.41,1053.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is much more to be done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1053.49,1054.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even with them, all of our improvements to the lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1056.18,1058.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there still is an error rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1058.69,1060.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We brought it down, we're bringing it down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1061.54,1063.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there still is an error rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1063.64,1065.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can we improve this even more?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1065.17,1066.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We think we have ways to do so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1066.98,1069.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although they are as yet not fully tested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1070.08,1072.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our double locked blind lineup procedure reduces the rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1072.73,1076.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of false certainty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1076.15,1077.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but notice even with double blind techniques","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1077.47,1080.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or with no feedback at all, no reaction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1080.96,1083.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you still get this false certainty that occurs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1083.4,1087.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"natural false certainty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1087.8,1089.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why is that happening?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1089.46,1090.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1090.83,1091.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can we eliminate it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1091.663,1093.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe we're still working on that kinda question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1093.0,1095.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Composite faces a big problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1095.86,1098.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It turns out that composites, whether done by sketch artists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1099.52,1103.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or done with the computer system like we're doing them here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1103.48,1106.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a poster back there describing some of this work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1106.2,1109.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are very poor resemblances to the actual perpetrator.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1109.56,1114.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Furthermore, doing composites tends to alter the memory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1114.53,1118.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the witness in ways that is undesirable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1118.67,1121.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can we do anything about the innocent people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1121.71,1125.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I get letters all the time from people in prison.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1125.34,1127.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't do anything for them, \"You have DNA evidence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1127.88,1130.527"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"you don't have DNA evidence.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1130.527,1132.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do I know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1132.14,1133.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it was a mistaken identification or not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1133.4,1135.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't have any magic way to figure that out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1135.04,1137.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can we do anything about the innocent people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1137.85,1140.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are in prison due to mistaken identification,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1140.8,1142.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the portion for whom there was no DNA,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1142.83,1145.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the contradict the eyewitness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1145.95,1147.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that's the most intractable of these problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1147.18,1150.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it may be that we can never do anything about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1150.23,1153.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That those are just lost cases that work their way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1153.27,1157.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1157.63,1158.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's nothing we can do about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1158.7,1160.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will end there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1160.65,1163.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1163.35,1164.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1164.447,1167.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I think Professor Wells would have time for questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1181.403,1184.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Any questions for Professor Wells","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1187.19,1189.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e we're here.\nWhere?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1191.63,1193.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e To the left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1193.83,1194.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1195.706,1198.789"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What is the probability that a person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1212.54,1216.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that shows you their ID that you'll actually be able","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1216.33,1219.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to determine from the picture that's destitute?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1219.54,1224.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Pretty low.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1225.62,1226.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've tried it haven't yet?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1226.5,1228.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I can never read.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1228.19,1229.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can get these pictures printed out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1229.5,1231.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I can't find anybody in my class that looks like it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1231.21,1234.984"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1234.984,1238.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e First of all, I share that experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1238.09,1240.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so not even talking about the research,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1240.25,1243.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sitting there looking at,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1243.23,1244.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause we have this great system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1244.62,1246.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we can access students' pictures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1246.76,1248.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm looking at them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1248.8,1250.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm looking at the students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1250.29,1251.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm saying, \"I can't match any of these.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1251.65,1253.967"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a problem I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1254.81,1256.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with photographic identifications,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1256.33,1259.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it used to be the case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1259.87,1260.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that more live lineups were done and two things happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1260.88,1265.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is, but the main thing that happened was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1265.59,1268.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the U.S. Supreme court said in the 1973, \"At a live lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1268.1,1272.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"there's a right to have defense counsel present.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1278.167,1281.737"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think for the most part, police have reacted to that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1282.87,1286.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by saying, \"Then we're doing photos","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1286.66,1288.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"because there's no right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1288.817,1289.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"to have counsel present with photos.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1289.877,1293.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, now and I mean that plus technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1293.32,1296.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is so much easier to take the photo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1296.64,1298.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's easier to select your fillers with photos and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1298.79,1301.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we're using a lot of photos","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1301.66,1303.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think that there's some very serious issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1303.49,1307.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with regard to how well people are able to identify someone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1307.06,1312.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a photo, it is not a perfect way to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1313.99,1318.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, that I mean, it's something that is being looked at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1320.01,1324.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is how much are we losing here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1324.0,1326.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by relying so much on photos instead of live lineups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1326.91,1329.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is really your question, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1329.89,1332.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1332.02,1332.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Any other questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1337.51,1339.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's one there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1339.78,1340.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, several times during your discussion position three","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1343.49,1347.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or picture three came up several times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1347.33,1349.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1349.677,1350.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You seem to study so many aspects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1350.51,1352.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the simultaneous lineup.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1352.26,1354.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do you perceive as a favorite position by police","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1356.0,1360.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or by the witness?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1360.88,1362.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, pretty clear what the favorite position is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1362.42,1363.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for police and that is to put the guy in position three.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1363.97,1366.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that wasn't just my terminology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1366.04,1369.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember going into,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1370.55,1373.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I went to LAPD at their invitation of Chief Bratton","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1375.12,1380.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they put me into their detective room afterwards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1381.07,1384.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the guy who does most of the lineups in there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1384.03,1389.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he's saying, \"Well, let's just see if you can tell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1390.03,1391.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"who the suspect is?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1391.907,1393.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's when I say, \"It's number three.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1393.34,1396.022"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1396.022,1398.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Okay, what about this one?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1398.977,1400.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said \"It's number three.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1400.21,1402.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Oh, Oh, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1402.113,1403.457"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Yeah. Well you always get,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1403.457,1404.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"okay well let me see if I can find one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1404.447,1405.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"that's not number three.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1405.687,1406.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he went through a whole stack","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1406.55,1407.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he couldn't find one that wasn't number three.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1407.79,1410.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But interestingly, we find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1411.71,1413.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with regard to the simultaneous displays, no preferences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1413.63,1418.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is very surprising","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1419.66,1421.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because order of facts and preferences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1421.24,1425.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right-hand preferences, left-hand preferences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1425.38,1427.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first, last seemed to pop up on a lot of aspects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1427.56,1430.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of things we study in psychology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1430.99,1432.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we haven't really been able to establish that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1432.67,1435.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1435.68,1436.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now in the sequential that's not true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1436.8,1439.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the sequential,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1439.22,1441.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what happens is that we're concerned to some extent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1441.24,1445.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because if the first position tends to not get picked, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1447.37,1452.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, if the suspect happens to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1458.15,1459.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause the way we're doing these in New Jersey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1459.86,1462.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on, is that it's randomly determined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1462.41,1465.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what position the suspect is in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1465.15,1467.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, we put in a caveat, nobody's supposed to know this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1467.51,1472.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the caveat is that when you do a sequential lineup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1472.0,1475.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first photo is always a filler, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1475.46,1479.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because we know something different seems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1479.53,1481.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be happening on the first one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1481.41,1483.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But once you get past that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1483.16,1484.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ideally you don't let them know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1484.61,1486.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how many photos you have in the sequential.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1486.72,1489.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, there's not a last position effect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1489.76,1492.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause they always assume that maybe more are to come.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1492.96,1496.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, we've eliminated a position effects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1496.47,1499.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the sequential except in that first slot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1499.05,1501.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, what we always do is there's a filler in the first slot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1501.79,1505.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's random thereafter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1505.74,1507.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1508.69,1509.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Who makes the most unreliable witnesses?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1510.87,1513.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Who makes the most unreliable witness?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1513.64,1515.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would have to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1515.5,1516.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are three problematic sort of populations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1518.49,1523.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is very young children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1524.72,1526.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're a big problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1528.17,1530.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can't get them not to pick somebody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1530.67,1532.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sometimes they'll pick two or three people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1532.9,1534.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chuckles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1534.723,1536.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the elderly seem not to do very well with lineups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1536.32,1541.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other population is not really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1544.753,1547.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a fixed population at all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1547.6,1549.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but rather sort of a population circumstance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1549.68,1552.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"namely cross racial identifications,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1552.4,1555.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whites, trying to identify blacks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1555.94,1558.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blacks trying to identify whites.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1558.15,1560.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It goes both ways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1560.01,1561.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a little stronger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1561.88,1563.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this problem with whites trend identify black","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1563.37,1565.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we also find it with Hispanics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1565.61,1567.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, it's not really race at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1567.68,1569.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, we should stop calling it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1569.45,1571.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the cross-race identification problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1571.24,1573.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's more of a cross ethnicity identification problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1573.23,1576.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orientals have more difficulty with whites","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1578.61,1581.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than they do with other Orientals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1581.34,1582.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1582.76,1583.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is your own group is easier to identify","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1583.593,1587.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than somebody from another group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1587.53,1590.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, that's more of an interaction between populations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1590.05,1595.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the problematic populations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1595.73,1599.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Sir.\nYes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1601.48,1602.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You use DNA as your absolute reference,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1602.433,1606.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is there a possibility that you could use things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1607.261,1609.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like chemical analysis of inorganic substances and so forth?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1609.93,1614.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They also could be a absolute measure of guilt or innocence?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1615.76,1620.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I'm not really an expert on the inorganic stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1622.12,1627.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the DNA has become sort of the gold standard for certainty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1630.377,1635.377"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or as near to certainty as we can get.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1637.79,1640.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There certainly are I think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1640.96,1643.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a lot of work to be done in forensic science.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1643.98,1648.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interesting fact that I've learned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1648.58,1650.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about forensic science,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1650.43,1651.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because once I got inside the Department of Justice,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1651.44,1654.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm dealing with a lot of forensic scientists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1654.47,1657.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of various types, the DNA types,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1657.86,1661.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the types who do the fingerprints, the fiber analysis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1661.14,1665.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1666.4,1667.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It turns out that DNA is really the only forensic science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1667.233,1672.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that came from science,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1677.16,1678.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the other forensic sciences fingerprinting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1680.45,1683.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on were developed by cops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1683.61,1686.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They weren't scientists at all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1686.35,1688.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they have some problems associated with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1688.11,1691.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause they don't have the research behind them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1691.12,1693.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fiber analysis, bite marks, handwriting analysis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1693.07,1697.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Handwriting analysis, where you're saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1698.67,1701.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"okay, this person did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1701.0,1701.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or did not write this particular question documents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1701.98,1705.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"turns out handwriting, it turns out that you may","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1705.2,1710.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or may not know you can't get handwriting experts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1710.27,1713.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into court anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1713.91,1716.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1716.29,1717.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because they've been disproven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1717.123,1718.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It doesn't work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1718.3,1719.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They can't do it, it's a myth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1719.133,1721.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1724.78,1726.046"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the legal system has been screaming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1726.046,1729.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this is more real scientists trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1729.56,1733.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to develop these kinds of techniques,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1733.47,1735.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as opposed to cops kind of making it up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1735.93,1739.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fiber analysis made up by cops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1739.26,1742.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there has been some progress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1742.04,1744.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the FBI has been trying to, among others","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1744.32,1747.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Department of Justice has been trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1747.41,1748.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to dangle money in front of scientific groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1748.72,1753.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and here at Iowa state, in the area of ballistics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1753.3,1758.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there has been some work done to try to make that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1758.09,1763.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It turns out ballistics that didn't come from science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1763.68,1766.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"none of that stuff came from science.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1766.09,1767.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A ballistics expert gets on the stand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1767.9,1769.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not a scientist they're cop","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1769.66,1773.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're looking at things under a microscope","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1773.48,1775.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and say, \"Yep, yep.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1775.44,1778.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Looks the same to me.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1778.427,1780.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's really not science scary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1780.12,1782.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's really not science.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1782.57,1784.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we're trying to change that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1784.12,1785.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Department of Justice is trying to change that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1785.58,1787.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I don't know what your background is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1789.22,1792.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but if you have some ideas about establishing identity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1792.8,1797.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with inorganic materials, wow, that would be exciting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1798.38,1802.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That would be very important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1802.82,1804.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chuckles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1805.763,1806.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1806.85,1807.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You said that the government did not conduct any studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1807.96,1811.186"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on this kind of two or three years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1811.186,1812.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I read in the Atlantic monthly about the survey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1812.97,1815.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of some 8,400 convicted fellows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1815.92,1819.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who were in prison for rape","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1822.4,1824.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and exactly 1/4 of them were exonerated of the base of DNA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1824.11,1828.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who performed that stuff?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1828.55,1830.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, you're talking about the FBI database","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1830.07,1834.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what happens is I presume this is what you're talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1836.62,1839.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What happens is because a lot of places across the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1839.7,1844.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can't do their own DNA","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1844.17,1846.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what happens is they send it to the FBI.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1846.07,1848.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, they're sending samples to the FBI","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1848.56,1851.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and about 25% of those samples that are sent to the FBI,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1851.12,1855.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the FBI says, no, that's not a match.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1855.84,1858.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Almost all of those cases are cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1858.01,1860.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which there was an indictment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1860.47,1862.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm gonna come back to the answer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1862.58,1863.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to your question that you're asking,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1863.51,1864.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I wanna make sure that you understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1864.57,1866.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where these came from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1866.25,1867.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Almost all of those cases, there wasn't a indictment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1867.19,1869.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in other words, the person was charged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1869.27,1871.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then they sent the DNA off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1871.17,1874.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, what that suggests is 25% of the time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1874.89,1878.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're getting it wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1878.48,1879.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What would have happened if there wasn't DNA?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1879.66,1881.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those people would have been at least attempt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1881.6,1885.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to prosecute them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1885.07,1886.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and many of them would have been successful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1886.31,1888.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because as you perhaps know, 85%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1888.01,1892.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or so of attempts at criminal prosecution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1892.67,1895.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this country are successful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1895.46,1897.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, if you're indicted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1898.54,1900.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you're tried in front of a jury in a criminal case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1900.51,1904.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chances are you're gonna be found guilty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1904.49,1906.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause that's just the base rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1906.42,1907.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the pattern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1907.63,1908.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now those data were not a result.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1908.98,1913.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The FBI had the data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1916.25,1918.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they'd got fleshed out only because Barry Shack","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1920.119,1925.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Peter Neufeld, who I also work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1925.08,1927.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with out of the innocence project in New York","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1927.29,1929.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with private money flushed that out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1929.47,1933.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The government itself never came forward","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1933.5,1936.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with that information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1936.57,1937.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the government still to this day","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1937.82,1939.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has not released the actual, all those individual files.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1939.21,1943.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can't get those individual files we've tried","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1943.81,1947.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there may be reasons to keep them private.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1949.47,1952.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, that was not a government study that did that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1954.69,1957.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, the government had the data in a sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1957.59,1960.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they were the ones doing the DNA test","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1960.31,1962.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they didn't do a study of it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1962.93,1964.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and still haven't done a real study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1964.67,1967.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what you're talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1967.48,1969.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Gary, I think we may have to stop the conversation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1970.85,1973.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably go on and on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1973.53,1974.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I wanna in closing, thank Dr. Joefrey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1974.51,1977.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for having the vision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1977.32,1978.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for creating this great lecture series","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1978.54,1980.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to thank each of you for coming out this evening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1980.74,1982.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to attend this particular lecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1982.98,1985.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But most importantly, thank Professor Gary Wells","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1985.07,1987.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this outstanding presentation, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1987.46,1989.208"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1989.208,1992.208"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=1998.623,2001.706"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29962/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/962/original/AV204933_Do_the_Eyes_Have_It_The_Mistaken_Eyewitness_b.vtt?1624896380","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/962/original/AV204933_Do_the_Eyes_Have_It_The_Mistaken_Eyewitness_b.vtt?1624896380"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29963","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204933_Do_the_Eyes_Have_It_The_Mistaken_Eyewitness_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548/transcript/29963/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Barely anything except the detective's expectations. That's the experimental expectancy effect, which has been demonstrated incredibly well in scientific psychology. But even if you'd had a rule that said, \"Look, a detective can't say anything to the witness,\" which I think is a bad rule, it doesn't help. It doesn't take care of the problem because there still are nonverbal influences on the identification, pauses leaning, displays of interest or disinterest. There's a lot of nonverbal ways to influence witnesses as well. Facial expressions. So, the answer is you've got to do these things in a double blind fashion. Where the rule is the person who administers that lineup does not know which person is the filler and which person is a suspect and what's your fillers. Now this leads me to something very related and very important. Namely, I wouldn't have certainty and you'll see how that comes back to the double blind idea here in a bit. I witnessed certainty. It's not a mistaken identification per se that leads to the conviction of innocent people. Instead, the eye witness must be highly certain if the high witnesses is certain and mistaken which we call false certainty then that's the dangerous situation. These DNA exoneration cases, we'll go back and look at those cases those witnesses are positive on the stand. Some of them say use phrases like, \"I'm 150% sure.\" I don't know how people get over 100, but it was only you get outside the rules even of percentages. And we knew from our early studies of jury simulations, that the certainty that the eyewitness expresses is the primary determining factor whether or not people and by people I mean the detectives, the prosecutor, the judge and the jury believe that the I wouldn't spend an identification. If the witnesses certain then you're going down it's just that powerful of evidence. So, certainly the witness matters. Now here's the interesting thing about this. It turns out that it's not the case as some secondary sources have said that, \"Oh \"there's really no relationship. \"It's certainly not gonna say.\" Actually meta analysis once again, over thousands and thousands of our subject population men analysis collapsing over those studies indicate that and this is an upper limit, but that I would just say that the correlation I would, as an indication accuracy and certainty could be as high as about 0.40 to 2.45, okay. Now you have to be able to communicate these ideas to audiences who don't know anything about correlations. So, I did an interesting thing, right? I think it's interesting that works pretty well. A 0.4 to 2.45 correlation is approximately the same as the correlation between height and gender, okay. Which is biologically determined. I think at a high gender correlation I think is 0.42 or 0.43. What that means is, and it's a fitting analogy because what it means is, here we're trying to use a sort of continuous variable confidence that's continuous to predict a dichotomous variable accuracy, accurate-inaccurate, and you can do the same thing with height and gender. There's somebody's height which is continuous, it could be anywhere along some range and you're trying to predict, let's say their gender whether they're male or female, well that you have about a 0.42 or so correlation 0.43 which means that if I tell you for example here's somebody who's an adult, who is five feet four inches tall, what do you predict? Male or female? Oh, you predict female. And you're gonna be right more often than you're gonna be wrong. Here's someone who's let's say five feet, 11 inches tall. What do you predict, male or female? Predict male and you're gonna be right more often than can be wrong but sometimes you'll be wrong. The same is true of eyewitness. The correlation between accuracy and confidence but the more interesting thing is that it's unfortunate that the way that identification evidence is obtained unlike in our experiments which is where we got this estimated correlation. The way identifications are commonly obtained in this country, leads to ambiguity about the meaning of eyewitness certainty. In other words, it turns out you cannot expect that correlation to exist in the real world the way that these identifications are obtained and here's why. We're talking about the creation of false certainty, the system is built to create what we call false certainty, namely, and what's critical here is to keep in mind eye witnesses can be influenced even after they've made their identification. For instance, good you identify the actual suspect after the witness picks out number three, right? Or witness picks out the one that the detective thought it was and the detective says, \"Yes, you got it.\" Happens all the time it is almost routine in many parts of the country, right? Or, and this is an Iowa case where I first discovered this. This is actually what led me to begin the kinds of experience that I'm gonna show you the second here where the witness was put on the stand, this defense attorney said, \"Professor Wells, you know \"how can this witness be so positive \"in the pre-trial hearing \"and yet I know she's wrong. \"I know this has mistaken ID.\" And I said, \"Well, I don't know. \"But when you put her on the stand, \"ask her, what if anything the detectives said or did,\" there were three detectives in the room that administered a photo lineup to her \"What, if anything, the detectives said \"or did when she pointed to your client?\" And so, he asked her on the stand and she said, \"They clapped.\" So, we wanted to know, what does this mean? What effect does this have on people? And so, we began a whole series of experiments which we are still doing. We published quite a number of these so far but it's very rich and interesting. I wanna tell you about the sort of simple version of the experiments, where we have people witness something and then we put together a lineup that they make an identification. Now, with that data that I'm gonna show you right here the way we did this is they view a lineup in which the real perpetrator is none of them and yet witnesses make picks and we get a lot of mistaken IDs and then we manipulate what we call feedback. In other words, the person administering the lineup reacts. We don't care who they pick 'cause it's none of them really just at the flip of a coin if they happen to fall in this condition, \"We say, Oh you know, good, you identified the suspect.\" Right? They picked number three, \"Oh, good you identified the suspect.\" They picked number one, \"Oh good you identified the suspect.\" Depending on how the coin flip came out. On the other hand, if the quite flip came out otherwise, now we're not literally flipping coins we have randomization chats, then nothing is set, okay? So, here we have a simple experiment. The experiments actually have many more conditions than them but here's the simple two conditions that are critical. Then afterward what happens is we take various measures. By measures in this case, we're asking them questions like you would a trial about the witnessed event. And we're also asking them questions about their lineup identification. Now, keep in mind, this is time going down this way. And so, this manipulation, this experimental treatment right here is occurring after they've already made their identification clearly after they've already witnessed the event. So, it shouldn't influence what they say about their identification or what they say about the witnessed event, right. But of course, it does what we call these retrospective memory distortions. So, what happens is we asked them questions like, \"How certain were you at the time \"of your identification that you identified the real gunman?\" \"How good was the view you had of the gunman?\" And these are all questions that you would ask a witness at trial, okay. Now let me show you some results. Now, these results is a little bit different of a kind of display than perhaps you're used to. I'm not gonna show you means because there's actually another interesting way to display these data. This is the percentage of witnesses who at the high extreme. So, this is there'll be the percentage of witnesses under certainty here who say they were positive or nearly positive in their identification. And that's important, what percentage worked remember all these witnesses made mistaken identifications but we wanna know what percentage rise up to the point with this false certainty where they would actually get to trial and result in indictment and perhaps a conviction. And then this is the percent who said they had a great view who can make out details in the face and so on. In our control condition where we gave no reaction there's about 12 in this particular experiment about 12% false certainty I don't know where that comes from. We didn't make it. We didn't create it. Here's the way this is you're reporting that they were positive and really positive. And we didn't do, we don't know where that comes from, right? Only about 2% say they had a great view, which is good 'cause we gave them a lousy view. Only about 2% say they can make out details of the face, which is also good because we created a situation where they really couldn't make out details of the face. But what's important is what happens when we simply had reacted to their lineup identification. Now, 50% of the witnesses report being positive or nearly positive. Now we've got over 25% saying they had a great view. These are all distortions that resulted from reacting to the witnesses decision to the witnesses Peck, right? So, here's false confidence, right? 'Cause this is having high confidence and mistaken identification. And only about 12% of the people are in that situation. Boom, false. Now all of a sudden 50% are feeling that false confidence. It turns out also, interestingly that if you go back and ask them later, then we reacted to the person who administered that photo lineup reacted to your choice by saying that we have also dis confirming conditions. I'm not pointing out that. Yeah, dis confirming feedback lowers the way they remember their confidence, but we asked them \"Did this influence you?\" Okay, \"Did the feedback influence you?\" And what we find is that some people will say, \"Yes, it did.\" And some people will say, \"No, it didn't.\" But what's more important and more interesting is that when you look their actual confidence here, what you find is that those who say that feedback influence them, yes, indeed. Look, here's the confirming higher than the dis confirming. But those who say that feedback did not influence them, just as influence this is not a significant interaction here, by the way they are just as influenced. So, what we find is that people have in psychology we say people have no introspective access to these cognitive processes. They can't go back and report to you exactly what happened. Well, let me finish up by mentioning some things about impact and reform because if you let me go, I can go for days. There are over 13,000 largely independent law enforcement agencies in the United States. We are unique country in that respect to have these independent law enforcement agencies almost every country on the face of this planet has an integrated criminal justice system. We don't, we give local control, States rights, other kinds of things. So, we have these independent law enforcement agencies all across the country. The only rules they have to abide by state constitutional otherwise, they have pretty much free reign. There's no mechanism for creating uniformity or change in that it's local control. When I worked with the Department of Justice we worked long and hard. It turns out we can't order these law enforcement agencies to do anything, they're independent. The federal government cannot do that, right. And when we tried to kinda push them, we'd get back this state's rights, local control get off of our backs, the government so that's not the mechanism. And also change from the outside. This change is coming from the outside, not from within this change is coming from scientific psychology. This pressure is coming from scientific psychology that's always gonna be resistant. Somebody comes into Iowa State University from the outside and starts telling the university how to do things like, \"Get outta here,\" right? And so, that's the natural resistance that occurs and interestingly, the legal system has never to this day to this evening, as I speak ever collected one piece of data on, eyewitness reliability, not one it's all come from scientific psychology. Now gets a little more interesting USA today in 2003 front page article talking about my research and said, \"These new ways \"of doing lineups are sweeping across the country.\" And I'm looking at that and saying, \"Yeah, right.\" There's just no way, they just are not to say they're sweeping across the country, but there has been significant progress and it may be that this kind of statement is more justifiable today here in February of 2005 than it was I think it was approximately February of 2003 then 24 months ago, things have happened. Reforms have been made and New Jersey was the first New Jersey is unique. I worked with the New Jersey. I worked with all of these jurisdictions to get these to their work with the jury, it took a long time, many trips out there, but New Jersey is unique because New Jersey is the only state in which there is one person who has authority over all law enforcement in that state by statute it is the Attorney General of New Jersey. So, all I had to do was work with the attorney general and the attorney general had the power and authority to order this and in every law enforcement agency even sheriffs, anybody wearing a badge has to abide by that. So, we have all of these reforms. We have double-blind testing. We have sequential lineups proper selection of fillers, proper instructions all of these kinds of whole package of things. North Carolina now, Wisconsin, the District of Columbia just recently, just within the last month the city of Minneapolis and that starting to spread. I'm going up there in a couple of days. And they're bringing in people from around the state to look at what they've done, Boston, Massachusetts. I was on their task force and they made these changes other parts of Massachusetts are coming along Santa Clara County, California, which many of you may recognize is where Stanford is and so on. Parts of Illinois, Seattle assorted smaller jurisdictions. This mornings Chicago Tribune article points out, which actually surprised me a little bit 'cause I wasn't sure exactly what was happening but the reporter seemed to. Yeah, it's, it's picking up much more steam in Illinois. We had gotten some small jurisdictions to do some things. And so, this is this isn't the full article it's actually a quite lengthy article that was in this morning's Chicago Tribune. Reforms are unfolding in Connecticut, Louisiana, New Hampshire, Houston, \"Man \"if you can get Houston you can get any place, man.\" New York and Iowa. Now, why is Iowa just sort of unfolding? I mean, aren't I here that's the way these things always work, right? And furthermore, I don't think Iowa had nearly the problem that some of these other places have. Iowa Law Enforcement I think generally has been somewhat more conscientious about these things. There is much more to be done. Even with them, all of our improvements to the lineup there still is an error rate. We brought it down, we're bringing it down but there still is an error rate. Can we improve this even more? We think we have ways to do so. Although they are as yet not fully tested our double locked blind lineup procedure reduces the rate of false certainty but notice even with double blind techniques or with no feedback at all, no reaction you still get this false certainty that occurs, natural false certainty. Why is that happening? I don't know. Can we eliminate it? Maybe we're still working on that kinda question. Composite faces a big problem. It turns out that composites, whether done by sketch artists or done with the computer system like we're doing them here there's a poster back there describing some of this work are very poor resemblances to the actual perpetrator. Furthermore, doing composites tends to alter the memory of the witness in ways that is undesirable. Can we do anything about the innocent people? I get letters all the time from people in prison. I can't do anything for them, \"You have DNA evidence, \"you don't have DNA evidence.\" How do I know whether it was a mistaken identification or not? I don't have any magic way to figure that out. Can we do anything about the innocent people who are in prison due to mistaken identification, the portion for whom there was no DNA, the contradict the eyewitness. I think that's the most intractable of these problems. And it may be that we can never do anything about that. That those are just lost cases that work their way into the system. And there's nothing we can do about that. I will end there. Thank you very much.\r\n\r\n- I think Professor Wells would have time for questions. Any questions for Professor Wells we're here.\r\n\r\n- Where?\r\n\r\n- To the left.\r\n\r\n- What is the probability that a person that shows you their ID that you'll actually be able to determine from the picture that's destitute?\r\n\r\n- Pretty low. You've tried it haven't yet?\r\n\r\n- I can never read. I can get these pictures printed out but I can't find anybody in my class that looks like it.\r\n\r\n- First of all, I share that experience so not even talking about the research, I'm sitting there looking at, 'cause we have this great system where we can access students' pictures and I'm looking at them and I'm looking at the students and I'm saying, \"I can't match any of these.\" There is a problem I think with photographic identifications, it used to be the case that more live lineups were done and two things happen. One is, but the main thing that happened was the U.S. Supreme court said in the 1973, \"At a live lineup \"there's a right to have defense counsel present.\" And I think for the most part, police have reacted to that by saying, \"Then we're doing photos \"because there's no right \"to have counsel present with photos.\" So, now and I mean that plus technology is so much easier to take the photo. It's easier to select your fillers with photos and so on. Now we're using a lot of photos and I think that there's some very serious issues with regard to how well people are able to identify someone from a photo, it is not a perfect way to do it. And so, that I mean, it's something that is being looked at and that is how much are we losing here by relying so much on photos instead of live lineups which is really your question, right? Thank you.\r\n\r\n- Any other questions? There's one there.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, several times during your discussion position three or picture three came up several times.\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- You seem to study so many aspects of the simultaneous lineup. What do you perceive as a favorite position by police or by the witness?\r\n\r\n- Well, pretty clear what the favorite position is for police and that is to put the guy in position three. And that wasn't just my terminology. I remember going into, when I went to LAPD at their invitation of Chief Bratton they put me into their detective room afterwards and the guy who does most of the lineups in there, he's saying, \"Well, let's just see if you can tell \"who the suspect is?\" And that's when I say, \"It's number three.\" \"Okay, what about this one?\" I said \"It's number three.\" \"Oh, Oh, okay. \"Yeah. Well you always get, \"okay well let me see if I can find one \"that's not number three.\" And he went through a whole stack and he couldn't find one that wasn't number three. But interestingly, we find with regard to the simultaneous displays, no preferences which is very surprising because order of facts and preferences right-hand preferences, left-hand preferences, first, last seemed to pop up on a lot of aspects of things we study in psychology, but we haven't really been able to establish that and this work. Now in the sequential that's not true. In the sequential, what happens is that we're concerned to some extent, because if the first position tends to not get picked, okay. So, if the suspect happens to, 'cause the way we're doing these in New Jersey and so on, is that it's randomly determined what position the suspect is in. And so, we put in a caveat, nobody's supposed to know this but the caveat is that when you do a sequential lineup the first photo is always a filler, okay? Because we know something different seems to be happening on the first one. But once you get past that, ideally you don't let them know how many photos you have in the sequential. So, there's not a last position effect 'cause they always assume that maybe more are to come. So, we've eliminated a position effects with the sequential except in that first slot. So, what we always do is there's a filler in the first slot and it's random thereafter. Thank you.\r\n\r\n- Who makes the most unreliable witnesses?\r\n\r\n- Who makes the most unreliable witness? I would have to say there are three problematic sort of populations. One is very young children. They're a big problem. You can't get them not to pick somebody. Sometimes they'll pick two or three people. And the elderly seem not to do very well with lineups. The other population is not really a fixed population at all, but rather sort of a population circumstance, namely cross racial identifications, whites, trying to identify blacks, blacks trying to identify whites. It goes both ways. It's a little stronger this problem with whites trend identify black but we also find it with Hispanics. So, it's not really race at all. In fact, we should stop calling it the cross-race identification problem. It's more of a cross ethnicity identification problem. Orientals have more difficulty with whites than they do with other Orientals and so on. It is your own group is easier to identify than somebody from another group. So, that's more of an interaction between populations than the problematic populations.\r\n\r\n- Sir.\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- You use DNA as your absolute reference, is there a possibility that you could use things like chemical analysis of inorganic substances and so forth? They also could be a absolute measure of guilt or innocence?\r\n\r\n- Well, I'm not really an expert on the inorganic stuff. the DNA has become sort of the gold standard for certainty or as near to certainty as we can get. There certainly are I think, there's a lot of work to be done in forensic science. The interesting fact that I've learned about forensic science, because once I got inside the Department of Justice, I'm dealing with a lot of forensic scientists of various types, the DNA types, the types who do the fingerprints, the fiber analysis and so on. It turns out that DNA is really the only forensic science that came from science, the other forensic sciences fingerprinting and so on were developed by cops. They weren't scientists at all and they have some problems associated with 'cause they don't have the research behind them. Fiber analysis, bite marks, handwriting analysis. Handwriting analysis, where you're saying, okay, this person did or did not write this particular question documents turns out handwriting, it turns out that you may or may not know you can't get handwriting experts into court anymore. Why? Because they've been disproven. It doesn't work. They can't do it, it's a myth. What we need and the legal system has been screaming for this is more real scientists trying to develop these kinds of techniques, as opposed to cops kind of making it up. Fiber analysis made up by cops. Now there has been some progress because the FBI has been trying to, among others and Department of Justice has been trying to dangle money in front of scientific groups and here at Iowa state, in the area of ballistics there has been some work done to try to make that. It turns out ballistics that didn't come from science none of that stuff came from science. A ballistics expert gets on the stand is not a scientist they're cop and they're looking at things under a microscope and say, \"Yep, yep. \"Looks the same to me.\" It's really not science scary. It's really not science. And we're trying to change that Department of Justice is trying to change that. So, I don't know what your background is but if you have some ideas about establishing identity with inorganic materials, wow, that would be exciting. That would be very important. All right.\r\n\r\n- You said that the government did not conduct any studies on this kind of two or three years ago. I read in the Atlantic monthly about the survey of some 8,400 convicted fellows who were in prison for rape and exactly 1/4 of them were exonerated of the base of DNA. Who performed that stuff?\r\n\r\n- Yeah, you're talking about the FBI database what happens is I presume this is what you're talking about. What happens is because a lot of places across the country can't do their own DNA what happens is they send it to the FBI. And so, they're sending samples to the FBI and about 25% of those samples that are sent to the FBI, the FBI says, no, that's not a match. Almost all of those cases are cases in which there was an indictment. I'm gonna come back to the answer to your question that you're asking, but I wanna make sure that you understand where these came from. Almost all of those cases, there wasn't a indictment and in other words, the person was charged and then they sent the DNA off. So, what that suggests is 25% of the time they're getting it wrong. What would have happened if there wasn't DNA? Those people would have been at least attempt to prosecute them and many of them would have been successful because as you perhaps know, 85% or so of attempts at criminal prosecution in this country are successful. In other words, if you're indicted and you're tried in front of a jury in a criminal case chances are you're gonna be found guilty 'cause that's just the base rate. That's the pattern. Now those data were not a result. The FBI had the data but they'd got fleshed out only because Barry Shack and Peter Neufeld, who I also work with out of the innocence project in New York with private money flushed that out. The government itself never came forward with that information and the government still to this day has not released the actual, all those individual files. We can't get those individual files we've tried and there may be reasons to keep them private. So, that was not a government study that did that. Yeah, the government had the data in a sense because they were the ones doing the DNA test but they didn't do a study of it and still haven't done a real study of what you're talking about.\r\n\r\n- Gary, I think we may have to stop the conversation probably go on and on, but I wanna in closing, thank Dr. Joefrey for having the vision and for creating this great lecture series to thank each of you for coming out this evening to attend this particular lecture. But most importantly, thank Professor Gary Wells for this outstanding presentation, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45556/file/118548#t=0.0,2006.25633"}]}]}]}