{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/3775t3gf0q/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Ehrlich, Howard J., Anarchism"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203296 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Anarchism is a February 18, 1983 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Howard Ehrlich. Howard Ehrlich discusses problems with welfare programs and suggests alternative solutions.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9v11vr1g"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1983-02-18"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Ehrlich, Howard J. (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Public welfare","Income distribution","Anarchism"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Anarchism is a February 18, 1983 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Howard Ehrlich. 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For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/675/small/lecture.png?1613498188","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - 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Perkins","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=7.26,9.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on poverty and religion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=9.47,11.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He'll be speaking eight o'clock tonight in the sunroom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=11.27,13.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This afternoon we're here to explore anarchism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=13.86,16.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an alternative to the welfare system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=16.37,18.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our speaker is currently a research consultant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=18.55,21.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and part-time instructor at the Baltimore school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=21.3,23.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's a writer and co-producer of award-winning radio program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=23.85,27.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and has published four books","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=29.0,30.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and numerous articles and professional journals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=30.76,33.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Besides acting as advisory editor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=33.7,35.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Sociological Quarterly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=35.66,37.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he's also editor and publisher","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=37.76,39.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Magazine of Social Anarchism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=39.43,42.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I should explain one thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=42.01,43.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if he doesn't look as you... Like you expected him to look,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=43.53,46.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a mistake in the ad in The Daily,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=46.53,48.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they switched the pictures for tonight's speaker","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=48.73,51.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this afternoon's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=51.05,52.297"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=52.297,53.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. But I am very pleased,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=53.89,56.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to introduce to you, Howard Ehrlich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=56.31,59.101"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=59.101,62.268"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You know, when you started to say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=71.792,72.625"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"If he doesn't look like you expect him to look.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=72.625,75.292"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=75.292,77.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=77.2,78.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I've already heard two people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=79.65,81.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking for the cap and the pointed hat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=81.58,83.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct chatter)\n(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=85.414,90.414"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me begin by saying that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=91.51,93.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are no alternatives to the welfare system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=93.36,97.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that there are alternatives to the system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=97.11,100.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that produces welfare.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=100.36,103.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm going to present an anarchist alternative,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=103.22,106.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which you will find has many things in common","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=106.8,110.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Marxist alternatives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=110.2,111.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the substantial number of things quite different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=112.92,115.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me tell you how I'm going to begin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=117.89,120.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will start by making some general comments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=120.56,122.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about my perspective:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=122.66,124.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will take a look at welfare","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=124.77,127.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its relation to the capitalist system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=127.68,130.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will look at people's attitudes towards welfare,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=131.56,134.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ideology of individual responsibility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=134.9,138.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the culture of inequality,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=138.79,140.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the roles of the State managers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=141.34,143.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the welfare workers themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=143.47,145.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in maintaining the system of welfare,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=145.43,147.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll then look at,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=149.87,150.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the social functions of welfare bureaucracy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=150.99,154.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and throughout all of this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=154.3,155.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I'm going to try to do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=155.72,157.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to introduce to you some principles of social anarchism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=157.54,162.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to give you a social anarchist critique","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=163.94,166.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to provide some principles of anarchist organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=166.5,169.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because social anarchism is a theory of 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enterprises,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=191.9,194.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the conclusion and the critique depends on the perspective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=194.57,197.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By welfare I mean all of those government 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users,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=214.271,218.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"programs at virtually every level of government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=218.76,221.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Despite this monumental 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point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=347.32,349.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where lower class membership may now be permanent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=349.95,353.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That permanence in part may be a 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both","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=359.21,362.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with an internal culture of poverty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=362.49,364.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the larger culture of inequality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=364.69,367.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The welfare system is clearly not resulted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=367.74,369.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the redistribution of wealth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=369.98,371.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and while individual recipients,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=371.91,374.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may have been able to move out of poverty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=374.0,376.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"poverty remains the systemic pathology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=376.31,378.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now doesn't the size of the welfare budget","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=380.23,382.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the fact of its increase means that there is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=382.95,386.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and has been a substantial effort to reduce poverty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=386.5,390.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My answer is that I think not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=390.16,392.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The absolute growth of welfare,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=393.26,395.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has to be judged in the context, as I said before,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=395.23,398.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the growth of the population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=398.27,400.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also the changes in the value of money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=400.01,404.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the distribution of income.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=404.96,406.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now Edwards S. Suggested that if we look at the relation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=406.97,409.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of personal income to welfare cost,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=409.75,412.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can generate an index that will work over time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=412.14,415.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will permit us to make these comparisons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=415.53,417.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"despite the changes in the buying power of the dollar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=417.54,420.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He did this for the period 1938 to 1968,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=421.2,424.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I've added current calculations and what we do is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=424.6,428.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is impart a statistical artifact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=428.04,430.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it permits us to make a serious comparison.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=430.17,434.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we do is, divide the total costs for welfare,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=434.34,439.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for all welfare goods and services","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=439.01,441.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as reported by the government...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=441.07,442.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By the total personal income of everyone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=442.51,445.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The result as I say, is a statistical artifact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=445.43,449.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it has I think a good heuristic value.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=449.04,453.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1938, welfare costs amounted to 6.8%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=453.34,458.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Americans personal income.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=458.76,460.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1968, it had reduced to 3.8%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=461.63,466.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1980, by my calculations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=467.097,469.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"welfare costs amounted to 2% of personal income.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=469.22,474.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not only then are we spending less,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=474.19,477.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the economic position of the average welfare recipient,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=477.14,480.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has declined relative to the average income earner.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=480.76,484.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if our standard of evaluation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=484.74,487.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is whether the welfare system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=487.09,488.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has changed the distribution of income","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=488.49,490.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or itself has worked to increase the allocation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=491.77,495.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of funds to the poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=495.17,496.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If that's our standard of evaluation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=496.78,498.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the answer is that it has failed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=498.67,500.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If our standard is the mass distribution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=501.37,503.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of money and service,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=503.64,505.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money and services then our answer is yes that has occurred,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=505.39,508.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but certainly not as much as other countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=508.76,511.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly in declining amounts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=511.07,513.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If our standard, however, it begins to change,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=513.96,516.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we begin to take a more realistic look,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=516.49,518.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'll elaborate on this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=518.98,520.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is if our standard is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=520.61,522.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in keeping a lid on social conflict,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=522.48,525.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then clearly the social system of welfare works very well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=525.16,529.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or again to change our standard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=529.45,531.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if our standard is helping people become,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=531.78,533.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more independent and autonomous,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=533.91,536.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"surely the results are mainly negative.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=536.8,539.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, finally, by way of introduction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=541.09,543.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to evaluate what we have and design alternatives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=543.42,547.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we need to have an image","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=547.79,549.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what a good society ought to be like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=550.3,553.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not a utopian blueprint, not a, not a theory of utopia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=553.36,557.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but a sketch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=557.5,558.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem with blueprints is that they rigidify.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=558.93,561.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A sketch of a program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=562.36,563.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will preclude dogmatic interpretations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=565.02,567.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will preclude the authoritarian processes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=567.98,571.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that such utopian designs often have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=571.84,574.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We need to develop, if you will,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=574.82,576.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a sketch of a good society, a vision of what good be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=576.6,581.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's an old Midwestern anarchist slogan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=581.12,583.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Be realistic, demand the impossible.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=583.867,586.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If anything has characterized anarchist thought obsessively,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=588.29,592.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has been the question of means.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=592.33,594.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How are we to seek to achieve the goal of a good society?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=594.56,598.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Social anarchists agree,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=600.12,602.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the means must be consistent with the ends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=602.12,605.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What... If we're looking for a society at peace,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=605.72,609.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then the means of violence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=609.11,611.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not the way to achieve that society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=611.02,613.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whether we are acting in the future anarchist society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=613.5,616.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or rehearsing our act for the future,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=616.81,618.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we need to realize that the future is today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=618.94,622.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If our end in view is the self-empowerment of people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=622.66,626.669"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(hiccups)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=626.669,627.502"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"excuse me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=627.502,628.335"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then our welfare system must be consistent with that end.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=628.335,631.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Welfare cannot be viewed as something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=631.75,633.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that prepares people for the future,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=633.89,636.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the system itself must embody its own ends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=636.17,639.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most welfare payments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=644.8,646.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provide support usually well below,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=647.49,650.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conventional standards of minimal adequacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=650.24,653.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Couldn't we simply increase payments and services.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=653.35,657.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Couldn't we create and subsidize jobs at a massive scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=657.27,662.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then wouldn't that solve the problem?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=662.12,664.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, if you believe the answer to those questions is yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=664.49,668.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you need to ask why we don't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=668.04,669.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't because welfare,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=671.18,673.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is fundamentally an anti-capitalist act.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=673.58,677.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why? Mainly because it produces income without work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=677.64,681.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, minimum welfare is consistent with capitalism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=681.68,686.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since it always pays less than a decent standard of living","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=686.6,690.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than what you could make presumably if you work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=690.95,693.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll contradict that in a moment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=693.96,696.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it also serves to punish the non worker.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=696.43,699.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most benefits go to people, not in the labor force:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=700.71,704.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children, old people, the disabled,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=704.63,707.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and those whose childcare responsibilities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=707.58,709.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"keep them out of the labor force.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=709.98,712.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yet at the same time, a person working full time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=712.17,715.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who earns less than a poverty level income,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=715.68,718.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not eligible for most welfare programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=718.31,721.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And perhaps one out of four poor people live","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=721.13,724.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in working families.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=724.76,725.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The basic capitalist concerns are well known,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=727.62,730.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"welfare undermines the work ethic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=730.53,733.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"translated into a more humanistic language,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=733.41,736.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this old soft capitalism means","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=736.4,738.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if we had a decent welfare system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=738.64,741.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people wouldn't work or work hard,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=741.07,743.725"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but boring, dirty, or sometimes dangerous jobs for low pay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=743.725,747.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Within the logic of capitalism, the capitalists are correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=747.49,750.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"An adequate welfare system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=752.1,753.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a capitalist political economy are incompatible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=753.9,757.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, why do I make such a broad claim?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=758.65,761.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why not, you 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system?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=763.31,765.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, because you have to understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=765.75,768.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that societies are relatively coherent systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=768.053,771.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of social institutions and social relationships.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=771.14,774.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the United States, our welfare system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=774.66,777.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is an integral part of the political economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=777.12,780.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The limits of change are bound by the rigidities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=780.52,783.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and necessities of capitalism itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=783.95,787.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"An ideally operating system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=787.45,789.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may not be able to survive under capitalism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=789.66,793.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though perhaps the converse is a more accurate 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system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=798.97,802.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, compared to what the government spends","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=807.37,810.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the exploration of space say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=812.13,814.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or for the development of weapons of destruction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=814.2,817.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the federal government doesn't pay very 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surveys,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=840.08,843.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will give a negative answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=843.34,844.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yet as high as 94% of the American people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=846.55,851.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will agree with such statements as quote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=851.35,854.387"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"It is not right to let people who need welfare go hungry.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=854.387,858.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"End of quote.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=858.53,860.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And while the welfare 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stamps,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=865.5,869.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and aid to dependent children programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=869.52,871.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most Americans have accepted the ideology of inequality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=872.97,876.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is built into our political economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=876.47,879.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They know what the appropriate capitalist explanations are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=880.21,884.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there is a unique humaneness within this culture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=884.43,887.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that overrides these economic fundamentals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=887.98,892.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poverty can exist in this society in part,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=892.03,894.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it contributes to the maintenance of capitalism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=894.98,898.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in part, because it is justified,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=898.3,900.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by an ideology of inequality,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=900.95,903.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also in part,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=903.12,904.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the poor are kept relatively 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city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=911.28,914.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A reporter told me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=916.46,918.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not too long ago in Baltimore where I'm 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workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2204.01,2205.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the welfare bureaucracy are themselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2205.97,2208.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"individually powerless, and probably are socially alienated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2209.235,2211.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as their clients.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2211.9,2213.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their power derives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2213.56,2214.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the bureaucratic organization itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2214.76,2217.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bureaucracy is a form for mobilizing organizational power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2217.63,2221.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Understanding these two roles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2222.64,2224.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the State managers and the welfare worker,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2224.89,2227.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gives us a further insight into anarchist principles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2227.12,2231.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The obvious irrelevancy of State managers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2231.21,2233.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to an anarchist society needs no further comment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2233.67,2236.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rather, let me introduce a major principle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2237.877,2239.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of anarchist organization to illustrate further our model","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2239.74,2243.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of anarchist alternatives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2243.15,2245.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No one in an anarchist society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2245.14,2248.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could pursue a career of managing people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2248.48,2251.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Such a role would be incompatible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2251.92,2254.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the principles of social anarchism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2255.94,2258.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is my belief","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2258.96,2260.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the sociological and psychological 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proficiency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2266.64,2271.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, in an anarchist society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2271.76,2274.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no persons in a client or other dependent role,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2274.54,2278.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should that come about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2278.16,2280.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would ever be without some direct resources of power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2280.19,2284.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Large scale centralized, bureaucratically organized,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2284.7,2288.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people-processing organizations would be replaced,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2289.549,2291.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by organizations built on human scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2291.78,2294.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They would be decentralized, collectively organized,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2294.92,2298.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"controlled, not only by their workers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2298.34,2300.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also by the community they service.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2300.52,2302.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's look more directly at bureaucracy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2305.1,2307.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before we explore some of the alternative means.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2308.54,2312.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The total direct government costs of welfare was as I said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2316.05,2319.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$428 billion in 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removed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2518.1,2520.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from personal contact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2520.83,2522.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and direct responsibility to the organization's clients,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2522.3,2525.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but even to local level employees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2525.69,2527.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The very structure of the organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2529.4,2531.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a continual validation of power and powerlessness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2531.95,2536.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you work in a bureaucracy, you know, your place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2536.41,2539.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, there is probably a written description","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2539.27,2542.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of its boundaries in the organizational catalog","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2542.15,2545.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of its job titles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2545.02,2545.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fully adequate services cannot be this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2546.97,2549.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cannot be supplied through such bureaucracies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2550.53,2553.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the very least, a welfare organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2553.63,2556.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"needs to be able to help its clients become independent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2556.63,2560.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2560.15,2561.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But how can an organization built on compliance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2561.63,2564.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how could workers whose survival depends on conformity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2564.78,2568.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"act to facilitate the empowerment of those on welfare?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2568.21,2571.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a social anarchist I insist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2572.93,2574.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that one of the major functions of a serviced organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2574.94,2578.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the empowerment of those it serves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2578.25,2580.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The assumption in this context is of course absurd.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2580.93,2584.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is an alternative,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2586.57,2588.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the bureaucratic model of organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2588.06,2590.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"call it the social anarchist model if you like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2590.4,2593.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"call it the collectivist model.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2593.29,2595.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me give you briefly eight principles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2596.04,2599.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without any elaboration,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2599.04,2600.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they should be relatively obvious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2600.32,2602.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of that model of a collectivist organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2602.28,2606.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, organizational power is diffused","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2606.9,2610.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and responsibility is shared by all workers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2610.31,2613.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Second, decision-making is by group consensus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2613.83,2617.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or some very informed of participatory democracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2617.31,2621.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Third, there is a regular rotation procedure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2621.62,2624.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across all jobs and routine maintenance tasks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2624.58,2627.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are shared by all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2627.94,2629.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fourth, all persons have open access,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2629.89,2632.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to all organizational information.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2632.73,2635.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fifth, the personalization of social relations is encouraged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2635.85,2640.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and informal communications predominate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2640.35,2643.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sixth, internal programs of education about the work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2643.82,2647.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interpersonal processes and the organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2647.77,2650.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its relation to the larger society are routine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2650.85,2654.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seventh, the organization views itself as an integral part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2654.78,2658.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the community it serves and in which it is located.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2658.97,2662.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And eighth, the effectiveness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2662.66,2664.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the organization is assessed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2664.57,2666.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by worker and community-defined criteria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2666.7,2670.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Generally put, worker and client satisfaction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2670.18,2673.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be given primacy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2673.33,2675.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the evaluation of the organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2675.06,2677.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you can see from this sketch,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2677.6,2679.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the collectivist organization has little in common","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2679.3,2682.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the bureaucracies that surround us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=2682.4,2684.813"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22616/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/616/original/AV203296_Anarchism_a.vtt?1613498190","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/616/original/AV203296_Anarchism_a.vtt?1613498190"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22617","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203296_Anarchism_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675/transcript/22617/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Institute on National Affairs. Our evening speaker will be Reverend John Perkins on poverty and religion. He'll be speaking eight o'clock tonight in the sunroom. This afternoon we're here to explore anarchism, an alternative to the welfare system. Our speaker is currently a research consultant and part-time instructor at the Baltimore school. He's a writer and co-producer of award-winning radio program and has published four books and numerous articles and professional journals. Besides acting as advisory editor, to the Sociological Quarterly, he's also editor and publisher of the Magazine of Social Anarchism. And I should explain one thing if he doesn't look as you... Like you expected him to look, there is a mistake in the ad in The Daily, they switched the pictures for tonight's speaker in this afternoon's. Yes. But I am very pleased, to introduce to you, Howard Ehrlich.\r\n\r\n- You know, when you started to say, \"If he doesn't look like you expect him to look.\"\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- I've already heard two people, looking for the cap and the pointed hat.\r\n\r\n- Let me begin by saying that, there are no alternatives to the welfare system, but that there are alternatives to the system that produces welfare. And I'm going to present an anarchist alternative, which you will find has many things in common with Marxist alternatives and the substantial number of things quite different. Let me tell you how I'm going to begin. I will start by making some general comments about my perspective: I will take a look at welfare and its relation to the capitalist system, I will look at people's attitudes towards welfare, the ideology of individual responsibility and the culture of inequality, the roles of the State managers and the welfare workers themselves in maintaining the system of welfare, we'll then look at, the social functions of welfare bureaucracy, and throughout all of this, what I'm going to try to do, is to introduce to you some principles of social anarchism, to give you a social anarchist critique and to provide some principles of anarchist organization, because social anarchism is a theory of organization. In the final section I'll try to put all of these together and sketch some direction for anarchist alternatives. Now, the suggestion of alternatives has to be placed in a context of an evaluation and the critique of the existing system, as in all evaluative enterprises, the conclusion and the critique depends on the perspective. By welfare I mean all of those government programs, cash payments services or goods that are given principally to benefit the poor. The welfare system refers to the operation of those programs. The system is massive, $428 billion allocated, 30 million users, programs at virtually every level of government. Despite this monumental size, the United States actually spends 60% less than the average amount of public funds spent, by the European welfare States. This lower level of commitment should signal you that there are some unique aspects to American welfare. Another observation about the scale of the system is in order, we are spending more for welfare than ever before in absolute dollars. If we start our comparison with the ending of the great depression, say 1938, the absolute increase in dollars appears staggering, but our population has also almost doubled, during this time period, and there has been no significant change in the relative share of income or wealth, by the rich or the poor. To give you some idea of the meaning of the discrepancy between rich and poor and its relationship to welfare, Richard Edwards, the radical economist has shown that even if the government had specifically taxed, the richest 20% of the population, to cover all welfare costs, took all the costs of welfare from the rich and gave all of that money to the bottom 20%, it would have no impact on the overall distribution of wealth in the United States. The richest fifth would still be the richest fifth. Their reduced incomes, would still be 150% greater than the next richest fifth, and despite the money taken from the rich, the poorest fifth would still remain the poorest fifth. The American class system is highly stratified and it is also relatively rigid. Our rates of social mobility, movement to a higher socioeconomic class are not very high and relatively lower than the European democracies. American society has moved to the point where lower class membership may now be permanent. That permanence in part may be a consequence of the ethnic composition of the lower class. The black and Hispanic poor must struggle both with an internal culture of poverty and the larger culture of inequality. The welfare system is clearly not resulted in the redistribution of wealth, and while individual recipients, may have been able to move out of poverty, poverty remains the systemic pathology. Now doesn't the size of the welfare budget and the fact of its increase means that there is and has been a substantial effort to reduce poverty. My answer is that I think not. The absolute growth of welfare, has to be judged in the context, as I said before, of the growth of the population and also the changes in the value of money and the distribution of income. Now Edwards S. Suggested that if we look at the relation of personal income to welfare cost, we can generate an index that will work over time, that will permit us to make these comparisons, despite the changes in the buying power of the dollar. He did this for the period 1938 to 1968, and I've added current calculations and what we do is, is impart a statistical artifact, but it permits us to make a serious comparison. What we do is, divide the total costs for welfare, for all welfare goods and services as reported by the government... By the total personal income of everyone. The result as I say, is a statistical artifact, but it has I think a good heuristic value. In 1938, welfare costs amounted to 6.8% of Americans personal income. In 1968, it had reduced to 3.8%. In 1980, by my calculations, welfare costs amounted to 2% of personal income. Not only then are we spending less, but the economic position of the average welfare recipient, has declined relative to the average income earner. So if our standard of evaluation, is whether the welfare system, has changed the distribution of income or itself has worked to increase the allocation of funds to the poor. If that's our standard of evaluation, the answer is that it has failed. If our standard is the mass distribution of money and service, money and services then our answer is yes that has occurred, but certainly not as much as other countries and certainly in declining amounts. If our standard, however, it begins to change, and we begin to take a more realistic look, and I'll elaborate on this, that is if our standard is in keeping a lid on social conflict, then clearly the social system of welfare works very well or again to change our standard if our standard is helping people become, more independent and autonomous, surely the results are mainly negative. Now, finally, by way of introduction, in order to evaluate what we have and design alternatives, we need to have an image of what a good society ought to be like. Not a utopian blueprint, not a, not a theory of utopia, but a sketch. The problem with blueprints is that they rigidify. A sketch of a program that will preclude dogmatic interpretations that will preclude the authoritarian processes that such utopian designs often have. We need to develop, if you will, a sketch of a good society, a vision of what good be. There's an old Midwestern anarchist slogan, \"Be realistic, demand the impossible.\" If anything has characterized anarchist thought obsessively, that has been the question of means. How are we to seek to achieve the goal of a good society? Social anarchists agree, the means must be consistent with the ends. What... If we're looking for a society at peace, then the means of violence, are not the way to achieve that society. Whether we are acting in the future anarchist society or rehearsing our act for the future, we need to realize that the future is today. If our end in view is the self-empowerment of people, excuse me, then our welfare system must be consistent with that end. Welfare cannot be viewed as something that prepares people for the future, the system itself must embody its own ends. Most welfare payments, provide support usually well below, conventional standards of minimal adequacy. Couldn't we simply increase payments and services. Couldn't we create and subsidize jobs at a massive scale. And then wouldn't that solve the problem? Well, if you believe the answer to those questions is yes, then you need to ask why we don't. We don't because welfare, is fundamentally an anti-capitalist act. Why? Mainly because it produces income without work. In fact, minimum welfare is consistent with capitalism, since it always pays less than a decent standard of living than what you could make presumably if you work, we'll contradict that in a moment, and it also serves to punish the non worker. Most benefits go to people, not in the labor force: children, old people, the disabled, and those whose childcare responsibilities, keep them out of the labor force. Yet at the same time, a person working full time, who earns less than a poverty level income, is not eligible for most welfare programs. And perhaps one out of four poor people live in working families. The basic capitalist concerns are well known, welfare undermines the work ethic, translated into a more humanistic language, this old soft capitalism means that if we had a decent welfare system, people wouldn't work or work hard, but boring, dirty, or sometimes dangerous jobs for low pay. Within the logic of capitalism, the capitalists are correct. An adequate welfare system and a capitalist political economy are incompatible. Now, why do I make such a broad claim? Why not, you know, why not just simply stick with the notion of a welfare system? Well, because you have to understand that societies are relatively coherent systems of social institutions and social relationships. And in the United States, our welfare system, is an integral part of the political economy. The limits of change are bound by the rigidities and necessities of capitalism itself. An ideally operating system, may not be able to survive under capitalism, though perhaps the converse is a more accurate reading. Capitalism couldn't be maintained in the society with an ideal welfare system. Now, compared to what the government spends for the exploration of space say, or for the development of weapons of destruction, the federal government doesn't pay very much for welfare services yet at the same time, the American people contribute millions of dollars and hundreds of thousands of hours, to charitable and social service organizations. There is then this basic paradox, and it can be reflected, if you ask people how they feel about the welfare system and at least four out of five in repeated surveys, will give a negative answer. Yet as high as 94% of the American people, will agree with such statements as quote, \"It is not right to let people who need welfare go hungry.\" End of quote. And while the welfare system and the ideology of welfare is rejected, large majorities favor, Medicaid, food stamps, and aid to dependent children programs. Most Americans have accepted the ideology of inequality that is built into our political economy. They know what the appropriate capitalist explanations are, but there is a unique humaneness within this culture, that overrides these economic fundamentals. Poverty can exist in this society in part, because it contributes to the maintenance of capitalism in part, because it is justified, by an ideology of inequality, but also in part, because the poor are kept relatively invisible. Poverty and welfare are abstractions, to the suburbanite who never goes into the city. A reporter told me, not too long ago in Baltimore where I'm from, that she covered a story recently, which involved the group of suburban women, who go into the city once a month, but for their own safety and protection, they always charter a bus and stay together. If you can see to that. For those who commute to work via the new subways or the interstates or express buses, which are often built in the areas where the poor used to live, again, they have no contact, poverty remains in abstraction. It is possible to go in and out of the city and never see its pocket, its pockets of poverty. The invisibility of the poor, serves to reduce responsibility. It is difficult to feel genuine concern over what you cannot see or experience directly. The city today is almost like the electronic battlefield, the clean war in which you never see the casualties. Frequently, the control mechanism slip, for example, not too long ago, an elite downtown church in Baltimore, opened its kitchen for a hot lunch. Baltimore is a very poor city. 35% of its population, receive some form of public assistance. The line of homeless and hungry people, began to circle the block day after day. The Businessmen's Association became outraged. They complained, they threatened to go to court. The visible presence of so many poor people, they told The Baltimore Sun, was bad for business. Now, their crudeness and insensitivity, resulted in bad press. Nevertheless, the church and the business group, arranged a compromise to reduce the visibility of the soup kitchen's operation. In an anarchist community the poor could not be invisible. Anarchist social arrangements are built on a human scale. There are at least two criteria, by which we can judge that scale, namely: that the community not be so large, that it cannot be comprehended by its residence, and that the individual participation in its governance is possible. Given the equalitarian roots of American society and its history of social and economic inequalities, Americans have been constrained to explain, to rationalize this paradox. In other societies, such inequalities may be seen as a natural event. Here it has been viewed as a natural enigma. Inequality, as it is reflected in poverty, could be explained in various ways: it could be viewed as a random event, an accident of time, place, birth, the outcome of personal misfortune, an act of fate, which, but for the grace of God could have happened even oneself, but explanations of this type have in common the premise, that the basis of the inequality, is not in the nature of people or in the nature of the society in which they live. Now, another way inequality could be explained, is by a theory of social power, one could point to the structural conditions that lead to the economic dominance of one class over another. Such an explanation legitimates class conflict and admits of the benefits of social reform. Further, to locate the cause of inequality in the structural arrangements of society, means that the initial premise of equality, even more of social justice was invalid. Americans moved in another ideological direction. What we did was to emphasize that the individual played the central role in determining his or her own social position, success or failure, wealth or poverty, were the results of individual self-determination, and the myth of the self-made man, is in fact, an important part of our popular thought. In this ideological context, people don't make it precisely because they are genetically or morally inferior or they're personally incompetent, or they failed to work hard and realize opportunities. Now, there's a problem with this explanation and that is that it won't work without further elaboration. It requires a second premise to ground its conclusions. And that premise well-developed in American society, is that the social structure is neutral. There were no built-in biases, rich or poor as the old gag line goes, it's good to have money. But rich or poor, you can make it to the top. If society is neutral, social justice is possible. Both the rich and the poor will go to jail for stealing a loaf of bread. This ideology of individual responsibility for one's own social status, carries with it honor and shame, privilege and disgrace, poverty becomes a mark of personal failure. Wealth is a signal of character. Food stamp benefits in 1982, average to 47 cents per person per meal. The average AFTC family allowance, was $280 inadequate, of course, but is it inadequate for people who made their own fate? Is it inadequate for people who can climb out of their poverty through diligence? Public assistance can be construed as a temporary solution to economic difficulties, but only if those difficulties are conceptualized as not being rooted in the social structure, if they reflect personal inadequacies, then the nature of our social responsibilities change and ideologies remain dominant because alternatives are not visible, and because incidences of the correctness of the dominant ideology are made highly visible. The media, the instruments of ideological dominance, play an important role here. On the plane coming in yesterday, there in a relatively thin newspaper, USA Today, was an article about how food stamp cheats will be punished. That selection of that article reflects in part that concern with keeping alive, both the notion of cheats of... And the moral inferiority of those who are receiving food stamps. The, the welfare mother who graduates college, I don't know about here, but, but in Baltimore television, they love nothing better, than to depict an elderly black woman preferably with her children all sitting in the front row beaming as mom after 45 years, now finally receives her bachelor's degree. It shows that diligence can pay of. The welfare Cadillac, maybe an old kind of stereotype, but again, it is part of the means of maintaining ideological dominance. This ideological complex rooted in the belief that the individual is responsible for their own poverty and that the social structure is a neutral medium in which mobility is open to all, this complex of justificatory beliefs, is totally alien to a social anarchist philosophy. As Murray Bookchin, a major American anarchist writer puts it, quote, \"True freedom is an equality of unequals \"that does not deny the right to life...\" I'll start that one over, \"True freedom is an equality of unequals \"that does not deny the right to life of lows \"whose powers are failing or less developed.\" In a social anarchists' society with collective arrangements for the production and distribution of goods and services, all persons have a right to the necessities of life, quite apart from what they contribute to that labor market. A guiding perspective of anarchist organization, is the attempt to optimize both equality and freedom. The welfare system, like all institutions in society, generates strong pressures for self-maintenance. The State managers act to maintain the system, more or less as it is. By the State managers, I mean those in elective and appointive political positions. They are charged with overseeing, the smooth operation of society. Extreme poverty could be an unmanageable threat, to the social order. Crime, organized protest, civil disobedience and insurrectionary activities, are all responses of the American underclass. Welfare benefits depoliticize these responses to poverty. Social services and income do help. Grateful for a loaf of bread, most people will not burn the bakery. And some forms of protest can result in a loss of benefits. Moreover, given a welfare system, in the context of a purported democracy, people and not just the poor, cling to the faith that the system can be reformed. And if you've ever done any communally organizing, you know how desperately people act to maintain their belief in the likelihood of social justice. And so far as there are no widespread insurrectionary events, and so far as a revolutionary consciousness, doesn't sweep through the ghettos, the State managers have done their job. They have maintained the basic order of the society. With the sense of public confidence, confidence in political legitimacy, State managers need only react to crises with patches, placebos and the promise of a better day. \"American society,\" Mr. Reagan told us several times in the State of the Union Address, \"Is on the mend.\" Now crime is another matter, if one of the societal costs of an underclass of a relatively permanent class of people who are at the bottom of the socioeconomic scale and who are most unlikely to move out, you have to understand that the American underclass two, is predominantly black and Hispanic. The United States has far higher rates of crimes and especially violent crimes, more homicides, more rapes, and more robberies, than any other industrial capitalist country. And the differences are large and substantial. Major megalopolises like Tokyo or London, have less violent crimes, than relatively smaller American cities, such as St. Louis or Philadelphia. Crime is not exclusively a phenomenon of poverty, nor of an ethnic underclass, bankers, for example, steal 10 times more money each year by embezzlement, than the walk-in bank robberies. Eliminating poverty would not do away with crime, but it would dramatically reduce property crimes and it would change the frequency and character of other serious crimes. I am concerned with crime here because it has a unique impact in the urban areas where welfare services are greatest, and because the causes of much crime and poverty are the same. The consequence of this, is that the means used to control crime, become also the means to control the population on welfare and partly an explanation for the lack of revolutionary and insurrectionary events in the ghettos themselves. The impact of crime in the urban ghettos, can be displayed with only a few illustrations, for one, poor blacks are 25 times more likely to be a robbery victim and to be hurt in a robbery than are wealthy whites, and the ratio of black homicide victims to white victims, is eight to one. The urban subculture of poverty is violent. Homicide is now the major cause of death for young black men ages 15 to 24. In a society built on competition, glorifying machismo, and toughness, can the fact of such violence really be unexpected. For a number of years, there was a young boy who lived, a couple of houses down from me. His name was Butch and Butch though, 12 years old, and in grade in school, couldn't read. And I spent a lot of time with him trying to work with him and teach him to read, but it soon became apparent that he was, he was not at all interested in learning how to read. And so I asked him as stupid adults ask children, \"Butch, what do you want to be when you grow up?\" And Butch said he wanted to be in jail. And at first I thought he was putting me on, but as we spoke, I realized, that he wasn't putting me on at all. That in fact, and that he was correct in choosing his means, since clearly learning how to read, was no way to achieve that particular aspiration. Not necessarily, at least. I began to realize that Butch's aspiration was an adaptive and rational response. For him, prison was on the career path of most of the adult men in his life. At least 42% of the black, adult black males in Baltimore city, for example, will be imprisoned at least once. And of every 10 of those men who are imprisoned once, seven will be jailed again. Now, most of the serious crimes in the country are property crimes. That is seven out of eight involve stealing money or goods. Crime is not an option, for many it is the only direct feasible means to money and consumer goods. Let the unemployment rate increase by 1%. And according to the sociologist, Harvey Brenner, who just presented his findings before Congress, the number of robberies, for a 1% increase in the unemployment rate, the number of robberies will increase by 6%. I was referred by a friend of mine to a recent study, which I have not yet had a chance to look at. It appears in the British Journal of Sociology, a recent study of the Civilian Conservation Corps, that says that when the CCC started, that crime rates in the United States plummeted. I hope to get a chance to look at that soon. Crime has become a legitimate basis for the repressive police practices in the urban ghetto, and its location especially in the black and Hispanic ghettos, feeds the ideologies of racism and inequality. And so the welfare system itself a system of social control, is integrated with the prevalence of crime and its consequences and social mechanisms of control. As long as most crime can be contained in the ethnic underclass, it contributes sociologically to the maintenance of the welfare system and to the larger society. In addition to the State managers, those who manage the welfare system, also have a serious involvement in its maintenance. There is an army of social service workers in supporting government bureaucrats, lower level managers of State affairs, and their own welfare is dependent on the existence of an underclass and the bureaucratic organizations that service and control them. I do not mean to imply that the motivations of most... Welfare warriors of mercenary, at least not in the sense of being a gun for hire, but they have a job access for many different reasons, than the knowledge or information that would lead them to reevaluate their jobs and perhaps then their lives. In part, I am talking about, the latent consequences of bureaucracy, the generally unintended and often unrecognized consequences of large scale centralized people-processing organizations. If we look at those who work in such settings, we will find that in the performance of their roles, they are relatively powerless to make critical decisions about their own behavior. They are bound in a system of expectations of rules and legal norms that permit only minimal interpretation minimal flexibility. They are obligated to treat people in a universalistic and emotionally neutral manner. One of my housemates worked for several years, as an unemployment counselor for the Maryland State Unemployment Commission. She's a very, warm-hearted and empathic person, and working there was very difficult for her. And she decided that one of the things she had to do, she made the decision whether and how much unemployment to grant. One of the things she decided she had to do, was to try to be nice to the people who came in and she made a deliberate policy of smiling, of trying to get them relaxed. And one day she was called in by both of her supervisors who told her that smiling was unprofessional behavior. That this was not the way for her to deal with people in that organization. Just as an aside, she quit finally because the number of threats that had been made by people who came into all the office to collect unemployment, they were denied immediate compensation or given long penalties were so great that they began to station armed guards. And when she came to work one day there by her desk was... Because somebody had threatened her the day before, there at her desk was a, was a uniformed armed guard. And she simply refused to work on... Under such conditions in life. There is a sardonic efficiency about welfare bureaucracies that keeps the welfare worker from becoming involved with the pain of their clients. Indeed, people are transformed from people to clients or cases, and this alienating structure of personal relationships, facilitate some more rapid processing of people. The result of large-scale bureaucracy in this, and probably any context, is that the emergencies of people are dealt with as organizational routines, that the welfare worker and the welfare recipient are strangers, and that their interaction is depersonalized, which makes that relationship even worse, than what one can generate with a stranger. And since the welfare system, is designed to also to control the lives of its recipients, the relationship between the people involved, the worker and the client is one of power independency, and one necessarily of suspicion and mistrust. State managers and welfare workers, maintain the welfare system by power. The managers, of course, hold positions of power, and can mobilize extensive resources to achieve their ends. The functionaries, the ordinary workers in the welfare bureaucracy are themselves, individually powerless, and probably are socially alienated as their clients. Their power derives from the bureaucratic organization itself. Bureaucracy is a form for mobilizing organizational power. Understanding these two roles, the State managers and the welfare worker, gives us a further insight into anarchist principles. The obvious irrelevancy of State managers, to an anarchist society needs no further comment. Rather, let me introduce a major principle of anarchist organization to illustrate further our model of anarchist alternatives. No one in an anarchist society, could pursue a career of managing people. Such a role would be incompatible with the principles of social anarchism. It is my belief that the sociological and psychological costs of spending one's life managing people, far exceed the benefits of organizational proficiency. Secondly, in an anarchist society, no persons in a client or other dependent role, should that come about, would ever be without some direct resources of power. Large scale centralized, bureaucratically organized, people-processing organizations would be replaced, by organizations built on human scale. They would be decentralized, collectively organized, controlled, not only by their workers, but also by the community they service. Let's look more directly at bureaucracy before we explore some of the alternative means. The total direct government costs of welfare was as I said, $428 billion in 1980. Only some part of that money, of course, went directly to the 30 million people who were serviced. To accomplish this massive task of distribution, the federal government, the States, cities, counties, and other governmental units, have been fashioned into a massive system. The consequence of this massive bureaucracy, are that what is accomplished, is excessive in monetary costs, wasteful, inefficient in operation, irresponsible in administration, depersonalizing and dehumanizing in its social costs, undemocratic in its operation and creating of a compliant and dependent workforce and client population. Couple of illustrations, the size of the bureaucracy and the need for massive coordination, means that some forms of welfare have become too expensive. So for example, take the distribution of agricultural surplus. It costs on the average one dollar and 54 cents, for the USDA's food nutrition service, to distribute a pound of dried milk to the poor, one dollar and 54 cents. I can buy a pound of dried milk at, as of yesterday at my local co-op for one dollar and two cents. At the very least we... And the co-op makes a small markup, and that's with the worker discount. If I didn't have a worker discount, it would cost a dollar 20. That difference if you will, between a dollar two and a dollar 54, can be taken as an indicator of the mismanagement and inefficiency of that size system. You can, I think you can actually buy that milk also cheaper at the local supermarket, but I didn't go to the supermarket to price it. In some States, a typical AFTC case requires the completion of 20 to 30 forms before a payment could be made. And you know what happens if you make a mistake in one form in a chain of forms?\r\n\r\n- No.\r\n\r\n- Joseph Califano, at one time Secretary of HUD, not HUD, HEW, estimated that the error rate in AFTC forms was 44%. Socially, the most significant feature of bureaucratic organization is what it does to people, the people who worked for it, and the people who are serviced by it. Sociologically, bureaucracy is irrational, hierarchical organizations designed for the routine processing of people and the routine processing of information in order to maximize uniformity and to minimize personal idiosyncrasy and emotional involvement. The hierarchical character of the organization, coupled with a division of labor into specialized offices and norms of neutrality, result inevitably, in the dehumanization in the delivery of social services. By their distance, administrators in such organizations are removed from personal contact and direct responsibility to the organization's clients, but even to local level employees. The very structure of the organization, is a continual validation of power and powerlessness. If you work in a bureaucracy, you know, your place. In fact, there is probably a written description of its boundaries in the organizational catalog of its job titles. Fully adequate services cannot be this, cannot be supplied through such bureaucracies. At the very least, a welfare organization, needs to be able to help its clients become independent of the organization. But how can an organization built on compliance, how could workers whose survival depends on conformity, act to facilitate the empowerment of those on welfare? As a social anarchist I insist that one of the major functions of a serviced organization, is the empowerment of those it serves. The assumption in this context is of course absurd. There is an alternative, to the bureaucratic model of organization, call it the social anarchist model if you like, call it the collectivist model. Let me give you briefly eight principles without any elaboration, they should be relatively obvious of that model of a collectivist organization. First, organizational power is diffused and responsibility is shared by all workers. Second, decision-making is by group consensus or some very informed of participatory democracy. Third, there is a regular rotation procedure across all jobs and routine maintenance tasks, are shared by all. Fourth, all persons have open access, to all organizational information. Fifth, the personalization of social relations is encouraged and informal communications predominate. Sixth, internal programs of education about the work, interpersonal processes and the organization and its relation to the larger society are routine. Seventh, the organization views itself as an integral part of the community it serves and in which it is located. And eighth, the effectiveness of the organization is assessed, by worker and community-defined criteria. Generally put, worker and client satisfaction, would be given primacy in the evaluation of the organization. As you can see from this sketch, the collectivist organization has little in common with the bureaucracies that surround us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105675#t=0.0,2696.1502"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e These principles of organization reflect the other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=8.16,11.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"principles of anarchism I presented before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=11.36,14.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In our building of freedom and community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=14.4,16.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We scale organizations to personal comprehension,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=16.96,20.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we seek partly through our social relationships,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=21.68,24.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the means of our own empowerment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=24.87,27.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The commitment to equality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=27.15,29.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"calls for a collective responsibility role.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=29.11,32.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I guess,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=32.93,33.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"systems of welfare would be systems of mutual aid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=33.763,37.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They would be small-scale groupings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=37.33,39.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of people working collectively.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=39.13,42.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question that then appears to follow is how would you go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=42.05,45.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about reforming the American welfare system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=45.12,48.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"applying these principles?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=48.4,50.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the answer again is that you would 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scope","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=58.03,61.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and money in services.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=61.85,63.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The money exists, we all know 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alone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=69.42,70.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If diverted to welfare would increase welfare funds by 44%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=70.72,75.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but keep in mind two things first that reforms will 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James.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=247.29,251.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am done with great things and big things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=252.71,255.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great institutions and big success.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=255.92,259.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I am for those tiny invisible molecular moral forces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=259.01,264.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that work from individual to individual creeping 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water","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=269.39,273.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yet which if you give them time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=273.75,275.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will rent the hardest monuments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=275.89,278.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of man's pride.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=278.35,279.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank very much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=280.491,281.448"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(round of applause)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=281.448,284.448"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Mr. Alec would answer some questions if you 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personal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=307.73,311.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=311.47,313.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure that there are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=322.88,324.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some occasional counter examples,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=329.67,332.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think they are infrequent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=332.38,333.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And almost all...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=334.88,336.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you hear me go after mic?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=336.17,337.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=337.84,338.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In almost all large scale organizations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=340.85,343.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I've worked in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=343.18,344.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and from stories I received from other people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=345.01,347.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are always people who can get together and organize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=347.34,351.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what in an earlier day used to be called liberated zones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=351.01,354.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and who can make their life and the life of others better","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=354.7,358.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but these are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=361.6,363.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"units of conflict within the larger organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=363.82,366.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=371.56,372.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In the movement towards the content of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=372.393,373.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"human scale that you described.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=373.7,377.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have you envisioned any portion or numbers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=379.53,384.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who would need to return to living on the land urban","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=384.23,388.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or small 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movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=402.68,405.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is basically an anarchist movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=405.46,410.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been arguing that what we really need to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=410.41,412.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to consider how to keep","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=412.83,414.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moving back and forth between urban and rural.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=414.19,417.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been going off in another direction, myself though,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=419.11,421.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't deny the, the viability meaning of that is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=421.93,425.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that I want to explore the meaning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=425.367,427.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and feasibility of urban agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=427.73,429.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there were a number of ways in which one can,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=431.34,435.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one can deal with this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=435.36,436.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was part of a group it's been a while ago and I was city","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=436.63,440.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in the six-piece began the gorilla 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rubber,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=489.26,491.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is although in a flat roof city","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=492.99,497.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like Baltimore it is possible to begin to 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the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=523.77,527.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"greatest producer of lettuce in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=527.79,531.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is to say that some of the major growers of 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other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=538.78,542.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things is lettuce hydroponically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=542.59,544.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, and in the middle East hydroponic 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being","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=593.21,596.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"self-sufficient perhaps on a more realistic level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=596.73,599.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=602.99,603.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Prestos box pivot spoke to us here two or three nights ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=604.94,609.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she made a comment, which I found kind of interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=609.26,611.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She said she wasn't a big fan of decentralization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=611.64,615.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because she felt we needed certain centralized forces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=615.04,619.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our government to keep tabs on forces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=619.61,622.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the multinational corporation says they know in a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=622.88,625.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regulatory function.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=625.81,627.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do you answer it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=627.76,629.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, there's a kind of a basic paradox there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=630.93,635.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, if you have the centralization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=635.75,637.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you don't have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=637.11,638.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"multinational corporations in that sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=639.26,643.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, there is a myth about the so-called 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that--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=863.764,864.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Do I consider less a fair capitalism incompatible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=864.69,868.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with social 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supplies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=894.63,897.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think where the social anarchist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=897.52,900.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now departs is both","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=900.5,902.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the exploitation of the labor of others","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=903.12,907.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that old-fashioned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=907.47,908.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marxist sense of the exploitation of labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=908.85,912.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I pay you less than what I'm getting for the 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as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=931.214,932.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what are the implications of that means,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=934.642,935.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course, is that the character 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has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=956.95,958.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shown us is that worker ownership and self-management","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=958.87,962.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then itself isn't 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factory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=968.03,972.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it or a worker owned a plant that polluted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=974.79,978.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the air in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=979.842,980.675"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighborhood in which the plant was located.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=980.675,983.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so that the syndicate list model itself has to 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DC","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=990.09,992.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of I think they're up to 22 worker owned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=992.13,995.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and self-managed enterprises,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=995.96,997.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which now insists that for membership in that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=998.65,1003.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that network,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1005.18,1006.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you must have some means of building in community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1006.6,1009.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"responsibility so that community members have to be part of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1009.56,1013.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your board or in some way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1013.33,1014.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be part of the evaluative structure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1014.99,1016.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the organization itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1016.86,1018.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think at least if we moved by that step,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1018.62,1019.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would certainly be incompatible with what I think we mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1019.74,1024.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by let's say fair capitals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1024.21,1025.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Most likely scenario. What is your most likely scenario?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1027.87,1030.635"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1030.635,1035.168"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No, there's a group of anarchists in Cambridge called the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1036.59,1039.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Institute for non-violent training and action,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1039.58,1042.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which have a kind of scenario I'll share with 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alternatives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1237.148,1241.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the faith if you will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1244.969,1246.219"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That if a 100,000 alternative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1247.29,1249.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"institutions bloom throughout the society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1249.62,1252.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we would be strongly empowered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1253.9,1256.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what did the same time strongly impaired the functioning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1257.53,1261.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this society?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1261.01,1262.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We would be if you will, at that stage,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1262.3,1265.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ready to seriously consider massive civil disobedience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1265.11,1269.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other forms of nonviolent protest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1269.88,1273.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But to think in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1273.0,1274.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of massive protest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1277.133,1278.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the moment when most organizations on the left can barely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1279.53,1284.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even stand talking to each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1284.26,1286.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that that's partly fantasy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1289.472,1291.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, this is not to say that at the same time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1291.13,1295.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are at work in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1295.79,1296.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our alternative institutions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1296.95,1298.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we shouldn't be directly confronting in various forms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1298.45,1303.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The operations of multinational corporations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1303.22,1305.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it means something as relatively easy for people to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1305.83,1310.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do as a boycott say of Nestle products or whether it means","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1310.62,1315.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something as simple as attempting to dissuade people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1315.2,1319.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from working for defense industries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1319.35,1322.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For doing basic kinds of educational and propaganda work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1323.809,1327.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the tie,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1328.04,1329.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say between Westinghouse broadcasting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1329.05,1333.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Westinghouse the builder of missiles in Western house,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1333.68,1336.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the builder of reactors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1336.93,1338.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to show the way in which the media themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1338.21,1342.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are dominated by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1342.6,1343.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the corporations that are central to the defense industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1345.07,1348.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it doesn't mean that we shouldn't be engaged in trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1348.63,1351.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to convert the applied physics labs at Hopkins or the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1351.99,1355.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lawrence Livermore laboratories in Berkeley.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1355.94,1359.061"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, that form of protest is in a sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1359.061,1362.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not a constructive act.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1362.69,1365.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there there's an old cartoon I have in my collection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1366.67,1369.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of which I always tell people that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1369.6,1371.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it comes out of the sixties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1371.443,1373.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it features an older man talking to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1373.17,1377.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a disheveled son.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1377.01,1379.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's saying, you know, sure, you're against racism, sexism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1379.29,1382.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"imperialism, and capitalism, but what do you stand for?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1382.63,1386.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And on the one hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1387.88,1389.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's clear that the opposition to these pathologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1389.01,1392.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are those, which we all have to share and work at,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1394.956,1397.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we also have to work for something positive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1397.81,1401.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that the building of alternative institutions is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1401.03,1404.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one strategy of doing so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1404.75,1406.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(round of applause)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=1412.026,1415.026"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22618/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/618/original/AV203296_Anarchism_b.vtt?1613498195","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/618/original/AV203296_Anarchism_b.vtt?1613498195"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22619","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203296_Anarchism_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676/transcript/22619/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- These principles of organization reflect the other principles of anarchism I presented before. In our building of freedom and community. We scale organizations to personal comprehension, and we seek partly through our social relationships, the means of our own empowerment. The commitment to equality calls for a collective responsibility role. And I guess, systems of welfare would be systems of mutual aid. They would be small-scale groupings of people working collectively. The question that then appears to follow is how would you go about reforming the American welfare system, applying these principles? And the answer again is that you would not. I would certainly join with liberal and Marxist reformers who call for massive increases in social welfare and scope and money in services. The money exists, we all know that. The budget for say nuclear bombs, bombers, and missiles alone. If diverted to welfare would increase welfare funds by 44%, but keep in mind two things first that reforms will not resolve the causes of poverty. And that secondly and egalitarian welfare system is incompatible with capitalism. And so the limits of reform are set by the political economy. Now the anarchist strategy for change actually comes with a guarantee. The guarantee is valid only if you accept our promise, that working for change is an engine itself. From an anarchist perspective, radical change is a process that is change is a set of events in which the means of change embodied the ends in themselves. Anarchists would never petition the city council. For example, to set up an emergency shelter for veterans. rather, they would set it up themselves. Safe houses throughout the community can accomplish the same task. Cooperative childcare frees parents from more direct work towards their own survival. Food co-ops and cooperative gardening cut back on the cost of food. Communal living the trading of labor and resources, time and job banks, land trust people's funds, neighborhood credit unions, all can provide needed help. The keynote is alternative institutions. The new society is going to be built on the vacant lots of the old. It is going to be built on the framework of alternative institutions. Institutions organized along collectivist principles can only succeed in the empowerment of its participants. Already in the United States 30% of all welfare services are provided by private voluntary efforts. And we don't have to deny ourselves the money expropriated by the government. We do need to learn how to free that money for the more humane organization of self-help services. Government administered programs of welfare foster values of dependency, helplessness, and powerlessness. These grow out of centralization and bureaucratic organization, but welfare programs can only foster human values if they are built on self-help and mutual aid. And these values will only grow in small scale neighborhood and community organizations. Let me end by reading to you a little sign. The Dorothy Day used to have hanging on her wall. Dorothy Day the founder in large measure of The Catholic Worker Movement and then a successful Christian anarchist network of houses of hospitality for the poor and homeless had hanging on her wall and prepaid on her stationary, a quotation from the American philosopher, William James. I am done with great things and big things, great institutions and big success. And I am for those tiny invisible molecular moral forces that work from individual to individual creeping through the crannies of the world. Like so many rootlets or like the capillary losing of water yet which if you give them time will rent the hardest monuments of man's pride. Thank very much\r\n\r\n- Mr. Alec would answer some questions if you like. actually hinder the development personal\r\n\r\n- I'm sure that there are some occasional counter examples, but I think they are infrequent. And almost all... Can you hear me go after mic?\r\n\r\n- No.\r\n\r\n- In almost all large scale organizations that I've worked in and from stories I received from other people, there are always people who can get together and organize what in an earlier day used to be called liberated zones and who can make their life and the life of others better but these are units of conflict within the larger organization. Yes.\r\n\r\n- In the movement towards the content of human scale that you described. have you envisioned any portion or numbers, people who would need to return to living on the land urban or small town?\r\n\r\n- Let me tell you one of the directions in which a lot of people are working along those lines. Many people particularly those around what they call the social ecology movement, which is basically an anarchist movement have been arguing that what we really need to do is to consider how to keep moving back and forth between urban and rural. I've been going off in another direction, myself though, I don't deny the, the viability meaning of that is, and that I want to explore the meaning and feasibility of urban agriculture. And there were a number of ways in which one can, one can deal with this. I was part of a group it's been a while ago and I was city that in the six-piece began the gorilla gardens. And at the time what we did was we, we planted food crops in empty lots and in places all over the city and we minimally tended it. And the food was basically there for people to take. The only in a hospitable institution that didn't like our planting was The University of Iowa plowed under our larger, our largest field in it. There is enormous amounts of land in most cities. Now you have a problem, particularly in so far as the near the street. The problem is the deposits of led in particular and this bestest and rubber, there is although in a flat roof city like Baltimore it is possible to begin to consider though roofs would take some bolstering, not merely the serious use of solar collectors, but also gardening on rooftops as well. There are some large gardens in New York city and you can see some in fact, in some of the most unlikely places and further, as some of you may know that Chicago will soon be the greatest producer of lettuce in the United States, which is to say that some of the major growers of lettuce basically using modified system of hydroponics have been buying out old warehouses and have been growing among other things is lettuce hydroponically. And so, and in the middle East hydroponic agriculture is a commonplace. And so that too becomes a feasible means of urban agriculture. My fantasy is that cities can feed themselves, but I'm not really sure that's true, but we won't know what the limits are until we work, work a little bit, a little bit harder at that. But that's part of... Now another part of the answer to that question is, is that we really have to think in terms of what some manner is called bioregional communities, in which we're thinking, not in terms of some isolated settlement, but in terms of basically echo systems that have some coherence. And in that way we can think in terms of the bioregional community as being self-sufficient perhaps on a more realistic level. Yes.\r\n\r\n- Prestos box pivot spoke to us here two or three nights ago and she made a comment, which I found kind of interesting. She said she wasn't a big fan of decentralization because she felt we needed certain centralized forces in our government to keep tabs on forces like the multinational corporation says they know in a regulatory function. How do you answer it?\r\n\r\n- Well, there's a kind of a basic paradox there. I mean, if you have the centralization, then you don't have multinational corporations in that sense. Well, there is a myth about the so-called deficiencies that centralization, I have not seen any serious demonstrations that the centralization of services necessarily carries with it. Economies of scale, or makes organizations more efficient. The most dramatic instance of decentralized worker self-management enterprises on a large scale of is called the MUN dragon experiment in Spain. And there, they represent the largest set of corporations in the country of Spain and they are a set of corporations work around and self-manage. And their experience over the last 25 years, because they they're really survivors of the original anarchist revolution in Spain. Their experience has been, but they cannot let an industrial corporation get over 500 in size before the costs of that additional size don't become too high. And so when they feel the need to increase production, they start a new enterprise to do that. There is now a great deal of exploration on the part of anarchist Kirkpatrick sale. One of the editors of the nation magazine, who is an anarchist has written a book a couple of years ago called Human Scale. And human scale is a cross cultural and historical survey of the effects of size on various forms of human social arrangements. And the, what sail is trying to do is to ask, can we learn from anthropology and history, how size of human settlements can be geared to specific kinds of functions so that we can generate communities and workplaces that are optimum in size.\r\n\r\n- It really varies on the, it varies as to what you're talking about. And firstly say in terms of cities sale argues that a hundred thousand seems to be a cutting point. 31 cities achieved the size larger than 100,000 indicators of pathology go up at a more rapid rate. I mean that's is basically the sort of criteria and he's using the speed with which the pathologies and the amount of money that has to be spent on managing the pathologies increases. The, the problem with the, the findings is only a short-term problem. And that is that our human scale is limited today by the kind of people we are and the kind of society we're coming out of. In other words, say, if we took working in a small group, we would be told that on the average, a group of five to nine was an optimum size for a small problem-solving group. But if we had 10 years of experience in working collectively in a small problem solving group, then the likelihood is that we could work together and still a larger size group. So that his findings are in that sense, trapped within culture in history. In that there is a sense in which we don't, we won't know the answer except through practice.\r\n\r\n- I didn't know that--\r\n\r\n- Do I consider less a fair capitalism incompatible with social enterprises? A lot of anarchists are playing with the idea that in an anarchist society, that there would probably be a mixed market of some kind that some people would make things and sell them. And presumably at a margin of profit to that, so that they could buy other goods and services, not as well as additional supplies. I think where the social anarchist now departs is both in the exploitation of the labor of others in that old-fashioned Marxist sense of the exploitation of labor, which I pay you less than what I'm getting for the product. And that, that seems to me to be fundamentally incompatible of the use of that form of exploitation with social anarchist principles. And also in the fact that they're in so far as what are the implications of that means, of course, is that the character event, the prov of enterprises, if one were to seek for some compatibility, unless they fair capitalism, the character of enterprises would necessarily have to be worker owned and self-manage. And already I think you would probably want to say that it's not compatible with most notions. Furthermore, one of the things that the syndicate list experience has shown us is that worker ownership and self-management then itself isn't sufficient. I mean, conceive, if you will, of worker ownership and self-management of a bond factory that it or a worker owned a plant that polluted the air in the neighborhood in which the plant was located. And so that the syndicate list model itself has to be modified to include an element of community responsibility. There is a network in Washington DC of I think they're up to 22 worker owned and self-managed enterprises, which now insists that for membership in that, in that network, you must have some means of building in community responsibility so that community members have to be part of your board or in some way, be part of the evaluative structure of the organization itself. And I think at least if we moved by that step, it would certainly be incompatible with what I think we mean by let's say fair capitals.\r\n\r\n- Most likely scenario. What is your most likely scenario? Because\r\n\r\n- No, there's a group of anarchists in Cambridge called the Institute for non-violent training and action, which have a kind of scenario I'll share with you. They've worked very seriously on this problem and their thinking goes, something like this, and I may not be doing it full justice. And it's, it's really a very complex argument, but basically the argument goes that they are not going, they're not going to permit themselves to be frightened by the eventuality of nuclear war. And they say that not because they're stupid, but they say that because they do not believe that survival make talking about survival makes any serious sense. If, when he's talking about the exchange of nuclear weapons among the super powers, they are not going to worry how the mail will be delivered. You recall that the postal service testified about its plans for mail delivery before Congress all. And when some, one of the Congress people asked them, where would you deliver it, sir? He said, wherever, there are people. And some that are going to say, look, let's assume that the Russians and Chinese are as equally appalled at the thought of destroying the planet as we are. So that if we're going to think in terms of, of military encounters, are we going to anticipate that the Russians will launch a fleet and come in invade our shorts? And in fact, if, if we agree or if we disarm ourselves in the sense of, of removing nuclear weapons, let's operate on that scenario. So let us engage in training people in every community in America in nonviolent resistance. And then raise the question. Seriously, could anybody conquer a people organized into eight, nine, 10,000 communities trained in nonviolent resistance? Would anybody try to? And their answer is probably not. And they use this in part as a, as a piece of Ajit prop, but they use it in part seriously and do go without giving seminars on training for what they call revolutionary nonviolence on the strategies for non-violent resistance. So the question is valid and it's complex, and it, I'm not doing it all, you know, justice, but I just wanted to give you a taste of the idea that people are thinking about it from the social anarchist perspective and are genuinely trying to work through some kinds of alternatives.\r\n\r\n- Out of this level we are out to dismantle the national high end with the high profit making military loaded now even slowed down.\r\n\r\n- It's ruined to begin the process of dismantling general motors but rather to consider how we go about building our own alternatives In the faith if you will. That if a 100,000 alternative institutions bloom throughout the society, we would be strongly empowered. And what did the same time strongly impaired the functioning of this society? We would be if you will, at that stage, ready to seriously consider massive civil disobedience and other forms of nonviolent protest. But to think in terms of massive protest at the moment when most organizations on the left can barely even stand talking to each other. I think that that's partly fantasy. Now, this is not to say that at the same time we are at work in our alternative institutions, that we shouldn't be directly confronting in various forms. The operations of multinational corporations, whether it means something as relatively easy for people to do as a boycott say of Nestle products or whether it means something as simple as attempting to dissuade people from working for defense industries. For doing basic kinds of educational and propaganda work about the tie, say between Westinghouse broadcasting and Westinghouse the builder of missiles in Western house, the builder of reactors, and to show the way in which the media themselves are dominated by the corporations that are central to the defense industry. And it doesn't mean that we shouldn't be engaged in trying to convert the applied physics labs at Hopkins or the Lawrence Livermore laboratories in Berkeley. But, that form of protest is in a sense, not a constructive act. And there there's an old cartoon I have in my collection of which I always tell people that, that it comes out of the sixties and it features an older man talking to a disheveled son. He's saying, you know, sure, you're against racism, sexism, imperialism, and capitalism, but what do you stand for? And on the one hand, it's clear that the opposition to these pathologies are those, which we all have to share and work at, but we also have to work for something positive. And I think that the building of alternative institutions is one strategy of doing so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36592/file/105676#t=0.0,1436.65633"}]}]}]}