{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/348gf0nd08/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Nyang, Sulayman S., Africa in the '90s and Beyond"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203856 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV203856"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. 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program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=9.38,12.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are so impressed with this hang out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=12.133,14.534"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and promise you'll have a very nice time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=14.534,17.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight we are going to Africa, the origin of mankind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=17.4,22.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The continent that a lot of misconceptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=25.417,28.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and perceptions based on the kind of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=28.553,31.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we were exposed to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=31.88,34.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight what people call African problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=34.65,38.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Africa potential because with African's believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=39.347,42.794"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have a share in human wealth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=42.794,46.262"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Africa has humanism like regular human beings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=46.262,50.207"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so tonight we have put together a lecture on Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=50.207,55.207"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But before we do that let's go to Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=55.635,59.786"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of us don't know what Africa is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=59.786,62.465"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People have asked me, \"is Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=62.465,63.979"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like America with different states?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=63.979,66.115"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(students 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prospects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=72.0,75.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then what do we do, we have a hope.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=75.43,78.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where there is a will and there's a hope there's life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=78.8,82.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have a believe and follow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=82.02,83.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that one day Africa will emerge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=83.27,87.461"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the bondage of depression into a continent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=87.461,91.378"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that can still find it's place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=92.618,94.835"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in community of continents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=94.835,97.191"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I won't take your time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=97.191,99.358"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll take you to Africa go with me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=100.668,103.585"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(students 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partitioned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=115.81,119.278"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you see the various, you see German East Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=119.278,122.679"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right here is Congo, French West Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=122.679,126.012"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That showed how our future","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=126.943,129.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to different powers in those days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=129.017,131.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the tropical where Africa is blessed with resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=137.796,142.796"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What you did is people Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=143.889,146.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the grass root of Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=146.843,149.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are our people, human beings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=151.143,154.192"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(students laugh)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=154.192,157.746"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we have all 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Beyond.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=637.89,642.318"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The blueprint for social, economic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=642.318,644.072"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and political emancipation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=644.072,646.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Professor Nyang","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=646.423,648.006"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(students 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occasions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=664.034,668.034"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the invitation, so on my bench.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=668.034,670.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is a very great opportunity for me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=671.75,675.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to share with you my reflections","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=675.7,678.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about problems and prospects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=678.32,681.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Africa in the 1990s and beyond.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=681.493,684.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=686.27,687.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I would say is when you look at the map of the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=687.103,690.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will notice that Africa is the 2nd largest continent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=690.55,694.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has now 51 countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=695.87,699.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just came from Namibia on a UN mission","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=700.86,703.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Namibia would be the 52nd.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=703.81,706.196"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(students clap)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=706.196,708.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now when you look at Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=711.766,714.016"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is drawn like a question, if you look at it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=715.897,719.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the existence of question who are we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=720.23,722.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is raised by Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=723.45,724.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because typically we can now see that Africa use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=724.5,727.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The mankind original may well be in Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=730.292,733.875"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So maybe that's why God in his wisdom decided","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=734.83,738.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to shape it like a question mark.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=738.67,740.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A question who are we, what are we in this planet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=741.42,745.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nevertheless we do know that in the continent of Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=746.451,750.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have so much diversity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=750.28,753.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are more languages on the continent of Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=753.057,756.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than anywhere else in the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=756.473,758.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And jokingly when I talk to friends","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=758.04,761.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the biblical tower of Babylon was in Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=761.21,765.696"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(students laugh)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=765.696,767.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because of the diversity of languages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=767.64,769.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one thing that is very striking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=769.87,771.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the Africans today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=771.79,774.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that there is no educated African, I know of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=774.53,777.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who speaks for one language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=777.73,779.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is really unique in the planet today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=779.89,782.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is one strength for Africans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=782.37,786.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but usually they don't think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=786.19,787.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they don't appreciate that about themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=787.83,790.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It may be a legacy of colonialism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=790.32,792.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where it has given the Africans control there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=792.19,796.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we call the double vision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=796.157,798.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that means you can look at yourself as an insider","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=798.403,800.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as an outsider at the same time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=800.72,803.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you have the double vision.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=803.9,805.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is only possible when you are fluent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=805.52,808.311"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in two languages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=808.311,809.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No educated African today is monolingual","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=809.553,813.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unless his mother is from another culture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=813.17,817.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he was raised away from home there are exceptions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=817.45,820.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They call them (foreign language)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=820.69,823.728"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(students 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is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=827.75,831.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Africa was colonized as a result","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=831.84,836.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the age of Vasco da Gama.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=837.68,840.437"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to move rapidly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=840.437,842.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before I identify a number of problems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=842.42,845.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which need to be addressed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=845.51,847.227"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our attempt to understand the problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=847.227,849.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and prospects of Africa in the 1990s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=849.667,852.848"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lemme just give you some interesting stories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=852.848,855.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what happens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=855.16,856.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Major landmarks with regard to African 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Zanzibar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1424.223,1425.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and establishing themselves all the way down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1426.6,1429.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Egypt to Mozambique.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1429.24,1432.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because there are many people who don't even know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1432.32,1434.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Mozambique is really an Arab name","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1434.21,1436.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it means (foreign language) then (foreign language).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1436.9,1439.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the Portuguese just corrupted it so (foreign language)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1439.13,1443.232"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they say Mozambique.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1443.232,1444.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I mean you know, like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1444.3,1445.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this was the encourager that developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1445.55,1449.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between Africa and other cultures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1449.09,1451.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now all of these points are very important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1451.41,1453.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the problems of Africa in the 1990s are rooted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1453.2,1456.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the past although they assume different forms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1456.96,1460.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the impact of present contemporary posts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1460.99,1465.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, when you look at what has happened to Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1465.25,1467.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since the independence of Ghana in 1957 to the present,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1467.94,1472.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're now talking about a 30 year period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1473.03,1476.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because 1960 is generally believed by scholars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1476.56,1479.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be Africa's year 'cause you had the largest number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1479.98,1482.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of independent African States in 1960.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1482.78,1485.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since the independence of Ghana on March six,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1488.07,1492.885"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1957, right up to the present time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1492.885,1497.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have witnessed the attempt on the part of the number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1497.62,1501.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of African leaders to give some kind of identity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1501.25,1504.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to define the African identity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1504.48,1507.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a very important issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1507.04,1508.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the Africans in the 1990s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1508.76,1511.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think there is any 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who","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1517.492,1520.079"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether he is an African or not an African.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1520.079,1522.278"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is beginning to happen is we're now beginning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1522.278,1524.552"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to witness the development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1524.552,1526.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of some form of micro nationalism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1526.37,1529.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Gambian identity, Nigerian identity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1529.683,1532.661"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is also positive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1532.661,1534.494"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because in all of these individual African countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1534.494,1538.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have various ethnic groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1538.07,1540.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are being lumped together under one political umbrella.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1540.18,1543.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the development of the Nigerian consciousness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1543.96,1547.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a positive development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1547.07,1548.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it is elevating the individual member","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1548.88,1552.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a particular ethnic group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1552.12,1553.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a village mentality to a state mentality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1553.797,1557.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Already whether he thinks like a villager","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1557.35,1560.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when he is abroad he is an African whether he like or not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1560.55,1564.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because when you walk down the Street of Games,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1564.16,1566.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they don't know whether your Igbo or Yoruba","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1566.56,1568.457"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is, they don't know that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1568.457,1570.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They hear your accent they say, \"he's an African.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1570.69,1572.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I mean, that identity is there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1572.71,1574.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the most important thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1574.94,1576.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about an identity is triangular.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1576.157,1580.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is how you feel about yourself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1581.948,1585.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how other people who, with whom you identify feel about you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1585.32,1590.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how those who do not see that you belong to them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1590.32,1593.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or you belong to the group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1593.053,1594.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with which they identify you with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1594.46,1597.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"See so it's a triangular relationship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1597.08,1600.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those who are out here, who are outsiders to your 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countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1727.96,1731.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all members of, except for South Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1731.46,1734.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well with Namibia it will be 51,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1734.08,1736.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all members of the Organization of African Unity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1736.72,1739.835"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at the 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Africans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1747.243,1750.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other point is the territorial sovereignty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1752.32,1756.628"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the 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seven","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1766.68,1769.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the United Nations Charter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=1769.51,1771.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is lifted and incorporated in the OAU 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SADC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2575.82,2577.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We talked about southern Africa region of Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2579.06,2583.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including most of the front line States going south","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2585.18,2588.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Botswana and the like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2590.568,2592.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then you have UDEAC in the Central Africa region","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2592.51,2597.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has grouped themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2597.65,2599.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that they can advance themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2600.49,2602.372"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In North Africa there is now a time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2602.372,2604.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to create a greater economic zone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2604.65,2608.294"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"King Hassan of Morocco, Muammar Gaddafi","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2608.294,2611.731"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of course and others in the region","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2611.731,2614.898"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are trying to work out something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2615.837,2618.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with regards to the North African part of the continent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2618.81,2621.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you can create some kind of economic zone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2621.177,2622.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are the four different graphs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2623.694,2626.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or economic groupings that emerged in Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2626.13,2629.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now of course prior to the formation of the ECOWAS","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2629.77,2632.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had the OCAM","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2632.47,2633.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was an economic block created","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2633.52,2636.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the various francophone countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2636.4,2640.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, after the OAU they still wanted to go on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2640.2,2643.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in the end Yakubu Gowon and Eyadéma and others","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2643.68,2647.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were able to influence the rest of the Africans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2647.55,2650.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in West Africa to group themselves for the ECOWAS.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2650.51,2653.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And today ECOWAS is struggling to maintain its balance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2653.68,2658.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although we had to very bad experiences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2658.83,2660.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with regard to free movement of people in West Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2660.84,2664.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And afterwards, some of you, may raise question in regard to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2664.72,2668.751"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the success or failure, the successes and failures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2668.751,2670.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the ECOWAS with regard to economic integration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2672.82,2677.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the West African States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2678.06,2680.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now besides the attempt to create unity economically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2680.42,2685.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is also the attempt on part of African countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2687.01,2689.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to develop their individual economies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2689.89,2692.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are numerous partners with regard to this effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2692.91,2696.672"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one is some African countries are much bigger than others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2696.672,2701.672"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have small countries like Gambia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2702.581,2704.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is very small in terms of market,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2704.35,2709.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have 800,000 people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2710.4,2712.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, some of the cities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2712.08,2713.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States are much bigger than that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2713.373,2715.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the earning power the jokes I make sometimes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2715.753,2718.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the absurdity of some of these states","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2718.807,2721.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the budget of the college is much bigger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2721.51,2724.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the budget of some of this states.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2724.3,2726.569"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I mean you know like, but these are the realities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2726.569,2729.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that must be dealt with by African leadership and.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=2729.47,2733.107"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25502/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/502/original/AV203856_Africa_in_the_90s_and_Beyond_a.vtt?1620308343","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/502/original/AV203856_Africa_in_the_90s_and_Beyond_a.vtt?1620308343"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25503","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203856_Africa_in_the_90s_and_Beyond_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378/transcript/25503/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- On behalf of the Nigerian students Iowa State University, you are all welcome for this program. We are so impressed with this hang out and promise you'll have a very nice time. Tonight we are going to Africa, the origin of mankind. The continent that a lot of misconceptions and perceptions based on the kind of people which we were exposed to. Tonight what people call African problems Africa potential because with African's believe that we have a share in human wealth. Africa has humanism like regular human beings and so tonight we have put together a lecture on Africa. But before we do that let's go to Africa. A lot of us don't know what Africa is. People have asked me, \"is Africa like America with different states?\" Africa is a continent with different states. We have had our problems, we've had our prospects. Then what do we do, we have a hope. Where there is a will and there's a hope there's life. We have a believe and follow that one day Africa will emerge from the bondage of depression into a continent that can still find it's place in community of continents. So I won't take your time. I'll take you to Africa go with me. This shows the map of Africa, the way Africa was partitioned you see the various, you see German East Africa. Right here is Congo, French West Africa. That showed how our future to different powers in those days. This is the tropical where Africa is blessed with resources. What you did is people Africa. This is the grass root of Africa. These are our people, human beings. Now we have all seen, this picture is taking it's. We have seen picture of children dying of hunger. So you see how all Africans are hungry people from my own perspective that live in Africa isn't it beautiful? That's an African from Sudan. That's a typical African morgue. This a mosque in Cairo. This a beautiful archive. This is very gorgeous. There is a site called in Ethiopia. This is Sudan in Africa. That's Cairo in Africa. That's Ethiopia in Africa. We don't have hunger, we don't have poverty we are poor but we have humans I told you, That's Ethiopia, that's Nigeria. Nigeria too. Traditional in Africa. We have our moneys. We have a that are airports to achieve success. That's the the cocoa tree in Africa. That's the tropical in Africa. That's the traditional means of transport, donkeys in the rural. That's another in Africa. That's the beautiful scene. That's the typical market in Nigeria and it's where they sell textile. That's a typical African market in Ethiopia. Market in Nigeria. That's a university in Nigeria. Same case to education Africans believe in education. Believe is the freedom of mounting. When you're educated you're librated. Africans believe in education. That's the University of Nigeria. That's a traditional African home. Calm down. You guys to transport sort of things. That's the traditional dance from Sudan. That's the knee kit a lot of hard rocks Africans are very creative. In Egypt, that's one of the girls in Egypt. That's also Egypt. As a must Africans believe in God, believe their God That's in Egypt. That's a traditional. That's yy Africans believed in yy preservation. People say we kill our animals. Africans we believe in. That's in Africa. That's a traditional dance from Sudan. This is a from Sudan. Beautiful artwork from Nigeria carvings. Should be released for development. That's art work from Nigeria. Those are blacksmithing. Traditional for Africa. That's an African trailer. Market women in Sudan. This is our leader political system. The Africans have there own indigenous political system which is very advanced can compare with west . These are children probably. Under is a in Africa. Because we have human and we should expect humanism. That's another in Africa. That's a nice of Cairo. This is beautiful. We have our problems, we have our prospect, we have our potential. Africans we believe that in the next few years to come, Africa will match from the valley of oppression to record that. Thank you very much\r\n\r\n- I hope you enjoyed your trip to Africa. We're now back in the U.S and we go to the main event which is a lecture by the distinguished son of Africa. Personify Africa internationalism. I will not take your time. I will call on Dr. Anozie a Nigerian professor at this campus to introduce our guest speaker. Thank you very much and have a nice time.\r\n\r\n- Ladies and gentlemen, my name is Nicholas Anozie and I am a here at Iowa State University. This is a great pleasure for me to introduce professor Sulayman Nyang to you. Professor Nyang comes from courtesy of Howard University from Washington, DC. At present Professor Nyang is an associate professor of African students at Howard University. He has held positions of course we know for you to be an associate professor you have to be an assistant professor. He's been an assistant professor. He has also been the acting director of African Studies at Howard University. Professor Nyang, holds a PhD from the University of Virginia. He also has a master's degree in public administration from the University of Virginia. And he has a bachelor's degree in political science from the Hampton Institute. Professor Nyang, is originally from the Gambia which is from West Africa. I'm going to assume that everybody knows where West Africa is. Unfortunately I don't have any slides to show here. The Gambia is in West Africa as I said and Professor Nyang comes from the Gambia. Professor Nyang has written very wide in African affairs. He has books, ibooks and book reviews that define social sciences and define the African continent as a whole. Those of you who are interested. I'm not going to take the whole of your time, trying to read the ibooks book reviews. But I will advice that you get in touch with the right people and the publication will be made available to you. It is my pleasure then without taking much of the time to state that Professor Nyang is going to speak to us on a topic that is very important. And I'm going to state the title for purposes of the remembrance here. He's going to speak on the topic Africa In The 90s and Beyond. The blueprint for social, economic and political emancipation. And Professor Nyang\r\n\r\n- Good evening it's a pleasure to be here at Iowa. I have been here before on other occasions, as the invitation, so on my bench. And this is a very great opportunity for me to share with you my reflections about problems and prospects of Africa in the 1990s and beyond. First of all, what I would say is when you look at the map of the world, you will notice that Africa is the 2nd largest continent. It has now 51 countries. I just came from Namibia on a UN mission and Namibia would be the 52nd. Now when you look at Africa is drawn like a question, if you look at it. I think the existence of question who are we is raised by Africa because typically we can now see that Africa use. The mankind original may well be in Africa. So maybe that's why God in his wisdom decided to shape it like a question mark. A question who are we, what are we in this planet. Nevertheless we do know that in the continent of Africa we have so much diversity. There are more languages on the continent of Africa than anywhere else in the world. And jokingly when I talk to friends in the biblical tower of Babylon was in Africa. Because of the diversity of languages and one thing that is very striking about the Africans today, is that there is no educated African, I know of who speaks for one language. This is really unique in the planet today. And this is one strength for Africans, but usually they don't think, they don't appreciate that about themselves. It may be a legacy of colonialism where it has given the Africans control there we call the double vision that means you can look at yourself as an insider and as an outsider at the same time. So you have the double vision. And this is only possible when you are fluent in two languages. No educated African today is monolingual unless his mother is from another culture and he was raised away from home there are exceptions. They call them Now the interesting to have in mind with regard to the African society really is that Africa was colonized as a result of the age of Vasco da Gama. I'm going to move rapidly before I identify a number of problems, which need to be addressed in our attempt to understand the problems and prospects of Africa in the 1990s. Lemme just give you some interesting stories about what happens. Major landmarks with regard to African history. First of all, before the 1440s, the center of civilization in the world was the Mediterranean. The Mediterranean people whether they were Italians, Franians, Greeks, Turks, Arabs, Jews were really in control of water fields. Just like we now live in the age of the Atlantic people. Because people who live in the Atlantic side of the world are now controlling power in the world but at that time it was the age of the Mediterranean people. The Italians and the Spanish and later the Portuguese, of course, were more important than the Northern European brothers. The Arabs, the Muslims, Turks and the North Africans, were more important in world history at that time than people else where in the world today. And today some of us are working even very closely. We now talk about the Pacific age. The seven tigers of Asia are coming up. This is Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, Korea, Malaysia and the rest. These are now known as the seven tigers. And there are historians will now than others who talk about the Pacific age then the Atlantic age is now going to change. According to European, by 1990 will like to reverse that. So we will not live in the 21st century in the age of the Pacific. When the Pacific people will really exercise leadership in terms of culture in the world. Now, the reason why I brought this point is to explain to you some of the developments which took place in world history and those developments affected the condition of the Africans. Today when we look at the modern Africa, you have to understand the history otherwise you'll miss out a lot. In the 15th century before the age of Vasco da Gama, seven segment of African society were exposed to Islamic and Mediterranean culture because the Guineans who had one culture with the Africans in fact gave the word Africa to the Africans. The word Africa means corn in the Punic language. It may be ironical in our age for Africa which is now in many cases the land of refugees. We have more refugees in the world than anywhere else. If you count the internal and external refugees. And you have more starvation in the continent today and it's a very tragic irony in this case, because Africa is corn. It was biblical tradition places where people came you remember the story of Joseph seven main years, seven five years. And it was because of Egypt, that was the granary. So Africa at one point did play a very important role in history of mankind. The West Africans believe, that one of the common models, West Africans say, no condition is permanent and this is going to be the case of Africa. African condition will change, it's not going to stay the same. And the historical record will show this very clear. Now, in the 15th century, as a result of certain changes in the world, we re-witnessed the emergence of a new center of power in southern part of Portugal. One ambitious young prince by the name of Prince Henry he would be known later as the Navigator established the place called Lagos from which we now call Lagos the capital of Nigeria. Just like John Kennedy in the 60s established Cape Canaveral and later named after him. To learn a space program we could change not only our computer that we're now seeing American technology and in Japanese and European technology. With Prince Henry, the Navigator was able to assemble the best minds of the time. Muslim scholars, Jews, who were custodians of knowledge at that time. And from these brains, he was able, just like Kennedy was able to bring some of the German refugees here to establish the space program. They were able to develop another academy in Lagos. And from there, they were able to send explorers south of Cape Bojador and this would be the linking of the Africans with Europe and the rest of the world. It's a very important point to. Now from the 1440s, right up to the 400 years period. A lot of things have transpired with regard to Africa. First of all Africa was circumnavigated by people like and Vasco da Gama Secondly, as a result of the interaction between the Africans and the Europeans, Western Europeans, we witnessed the arrival of the Portuguese, the Turk, the French, the British and later the Germans. All inside of trade groups and markets. And of course this would lead to a tragic development of the slave trade. We would experience the transportation of black people in this part of the world and the coming of Europeans to this part world. So what we are now witnessing in the United States is a result of the age of Vasco da Gama. The mingling of the races, the plans to be the trickling of North America and South America by European people and African people and later on by the Asian. Now besides this of course we witnessed the emergence of a capitalist system in the world, we exercise aging money since the industrial revolution, by the British and then of course that globally order as well. Now these are very important historical developments in the history of mankind and has implication for Africa. If you look at Africa today and you don't go back and understand the history, you miss a lot. Now, as a result of the slave trade, the development of an international capitalist system, and the emergence of an industrial state in the world. We witnessed Africa being transformed into the source of raw materials for European economies. And of course, that division of labor between Europe and Africa will affect not only the African continent as the rich reservoir of resources from aluminum all the way to zinc, but we also expose African cultures and African peoples to alien civilization and alien cultures. And this is one of the reasons why earlier I pointed out to you that there is no educated African today who does not speak at least two languages and this is because of the colonial experience. The Africans were exposed to a variety of European peoples. You find today in the continent, African speaking. There are no Africans today speaking french than french men on France. There are no Africans speaking Portuguese than Portuguese. You have of pockets of german speaking Africans the older generation of Togolese and Cameroonians and Namibians. And then of course you have Italian speaking, there are all the Somalis and Ethiopians who still speak Italian because of the Italian experience. And then of course you have Africans who have been exposed to the English who colonized a variety of African countries. These are the important developments, in terms of cultural development of the outcomes. From the age of Vasco da Gama to the present, we also witness the reentry of Christianity in Africa because Christianity started in Africa before it went to Europe. Africans were exposed to Christianity first before the Europeans. But there are certain ironical developments in history because even though Christianity enter Africa first before it went to Europe. Christianity would be reexported into Africa in the 15th-century by Europeans. And today African Christians, are exposed to Europeanized version of Christianity. And this is why, African Christians are, the majority, different from the Christians we have in Ethiopia who have been exposed to earlier form of Christianity. That's why Ethiopian Christianity is different from Christianity, as you know it in Nigeria. Although in the Nigerian Ghanaian context, we now witness also manifestation of the domestication of Christianity by Africans. The and all the other as well as the manifestations that we now have in various African countries. Similarly, the Muslims introduce Islam into Africa in the eastern part of the continent where we have more of Arabs who migrated fleeing from the puma yan persecution and settling in Zanzibar and establishing themselves all the way down from Egypt to Mozambique. Because there are many people who don't even know that Mozambique is really an Arab name it means then . And the Portuguese just corrupted it so they say Mozambique. So I mean you know, like, but this was the encourager that developed between Africa and other cultures. Now all of these points are very important because the problems of Africa in the 1990s are rooted in the past although they assume different forms because of the impact of present contemporary posts. Now, when you look at what has happened to Africa since the independence of Ghana in 1957 to the present, we're now talking about a 30 year period because 1960 is generally believed by scholars to be Africa's year 'cause you had the largest number of independent African States in 1960. Since the independence of Ghana on March six, in 1957, right up to the present time, we have witnessed the attempt on the part of the number of African leaders to give some kind of identity, to define the African identity. This is a very important issue for the Africans in the 1990s. I don't think there is any dispute among Africans today as to whether they're Africans or not. There is, I haven't met one who whether he is an African or not an African. What is beginning to happen is we're now beginning to witness the development of some form of micro nationalism. The Gambian identity, Nigerian identity which is also positive because in all of these individual African countries, you have various ethnic groups that are being lumped together under one political umbrella. So the development of the Nigerian consciousness is a positive development because it is elevating the individual member of a particular ethnic group from a village mentality to a state mentality. Already whether he thinks like a villager when he is abroad he is an African whether he like or not. Because when you walk down the Street of Games, they don't know whether your Igbo or Yoruba That is, they don't know that. They hear your accent they say, \"he's an African.\" So I mean, that identity is there. And the most important thing about an identity is triangular. It is how you feel about yourself, how other people who, with whom you identify feel about you and how those who do not see that you belong to them or you belong to the group with which they identify you with. See so it's a triangular relationship those who are out here, who are outsiders to your group yourself and the group which whom you identify. You'll have a problem as a human being, if you identify with one group and that group does not accept you. And then the other groups loved you with that group. Then you have a problem because you see you don't belong you have no home for yourself. Now this is not the problem for Africa with regards to identity because I think anyone who comes from the continent, is an African. And this is one of the reasons why the leaders of the African Nationalist Movement came up with this whole idea of an Africanist. And people like Kwame Nkuruma of Ghana, Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, Jomo Kenyatta and many others I think other people who I think 'cause of the African Nationalist Movement, define an African as someone who identifies with the continent of Africa, takes pride in the history of the continent, is loyal to the peoples of the continent and is willing to accept majority rule is an Africa. That's why the reason why white South Africans, white Zimbabweans, white Kenyans, Asians living in East and Southern Africa are Africans. So long as they live in the continent, identify with the continent, loyal to the continent and accept majority rule then they are African. From an point of view, there is no problem. And I think this is an issue which is going to be played out in the 1990s as we confront the problems in South Africa, because that is the last stronghold with regard to remnants of racism on the continent. And I think eventually this will be dealt with in the African continent. Now the other problem that besides the question of continental identity is the question of nation building in individual African countries. All the African leaders today are faced with the problem of calming a nation for themselves and their people. We now have 51 countries, all members of, except for South Africa, well with Namibia it will be 51, all members of the Organization of African Unity. If you look at the chart of the organization of African unity, it spells out a number of principles. One of the key principles is the concept of we are all Africans. The other point is the territorial sovereignty of the continent. Thirdly there is the principle which is enshrined in the United Nations under the domestic jurisdiction crotch which is known in the UN government as article two paragraph seven of the United Nations Charter. This is lifted and incorporated in the OAU Charter That means to say, you should not tamper with the colonial boundaries. Of course, we had three people who have tried without success to tamper with the inherited colonial boundaries. We have in Ojukwu in Nigeria who tried to establish Biafra. Of course we have Siad Barre who wants to establish the largest Somalia. And of course this is not acceptable to the OAU members. And then of course we had Muammar Gaddafi who tried to take Sudan in their chart at one time, and have tried to be collaboration with Sudan, Algeria and Morocco without success. Now, this added three of wrecked down the of Africa. And they have tried to revive Africa but majority of the African leadership has not been very keen about tampering with colonial boundary. In fact, this is known as the Nyerere government you see the African colonial boundaries should not be tampered with. They should remain sacro. And the OAU seems to lend support to this particular piloting. Now, if you are not going to tamper with the colonial boundaries how are you going to deal with your problems in the 1990s? Algorithms have developed over the last 30 years, two approaches to this problem. One is allow the individual African countries to evolve. Develop their own state systems. So now the Mende, the Limba, the Temne will have to see themselves as a Seira Leonit. The Frafra, the Twi, all the Fante now see themselves as a Ghanaian 'cause the Igbo, the Yoruba and the Hausa are Nigerians now. And then of course in Kenya, you will have the Luo the Kikuyus and the Maasai seeing themselves as Kenyans. And this is the reality that is beginning to happen in Africa. Now, this is not new to Africa. This is the same problem. You see one of the points, which is missed by many people, Africans included, is that the African condition is not unique or peculiar no. Out of the 150 countries on the planet here less than 20 of them are homogeneous. So diversity is the norm in the planet. To live in a homogeneous state where you all speak the same language, come from the same race, eat the same kind of food, dance to the same kind of music is rare. So fully African condition is not difficult to understand. Because in Sri Lanka it's the same, in Malaysia it's the same. Even in Bangladesh where you have more people talking Jai Bangla. You see why I'm saying you have the same relative. The diversity of people on the planet is very reflected in our existing state system. In Europe, there was an attempt to create homogeneous states. But homogeneity erodes Europeans themselves because very few European States are homogeneous. So the Africans may have a more acute case of heterogeneity, but they should not be discouraged by the fact that they have heterogeneity because heterogeneity is the norm on the planet. Now because of this African leaders are now trying to engage in nation building or what I would call nation destroying. Because they will tell you that Yoruba, the Hausas, and Igbos are nation. 'Cause there are more Hausas and Yoruba and Igbos than some of these European nations. The Estonians now want to bring out the Soviets. The Lithuanians want to break away. But there are more Yoruba than Lithuanians or Estonians. The same thing is true ofkens or delis or non regions. But in the African context, there is an affirm to create some kind of new national identity in addition to the African identity for these countries. So in the 1990s, we are going to see various forms of nation building efforts in various African countries. Some African countries have already broken away from the pack. Tanzania for example is leading the pack now with regard to the consolidation of a national culture. The Swazis and Swazi land were more homogeneous. The Somalis although shared by they have really destroyed the unity by dividing the northerners and the southerners in Somalia. And you have in Lesotho greater efforts towards homogenization. But in Senegal for example the language as a lingua franca among Senegalese regardless of ethnic back ground and of course on top of that, you have an official language. The french language you imposed by the the French, but which also serves as a cultural bridge, linking the diverse ethnic groups in Senegal. So the Senegalese, the Somalis, Swazis, the Lesothoans, and of course the Tanzanians are leading the pack in this area in terms of greater unity even though we have diversity because of language cementing the different peoples together. Now, even these countries that are now leading the pack in terms of getting more integrated, because they have a language that unites most of their people, and they're beginning to develop a national consciousness and a national culture have some problems. And of course in the 1990s, don't be surprised if they're like explosions, in some of these countries, because you may have some similes or micro nationalists who would still like to argue the in this country. So as we move into the 1990s and the 21st century, we are going to see greater integration of these African States. The Nigerians for example, have tried tell the ethnic problem by creating first of all 19 states, and then later adding two more 21. And this has serious implications for the future of Nigerian nationalism because what it means the three major ethnic groups in that country and now being split up so the ethnic consciousness that used to develop is now being transcended by state biases. So the Yoruba man who comes from Lagos is now going to be one of the Lagos identity, Yoruba identity and among the Igbo you're going to find the, a number of Igbo developing chauvinism this is going to be the Igbo. And this is already happening and of course we penalize Igbo who have problems because the other two may see them as outside Igbos. Now the reality that needs to be born in mind in the situation of Africa, is that when we move into the area state building in the 1990s, there would be greater demand for democratic order in most African countries. In the 1960s, we were led by politicians who are were father figures very charismatic. Giants like Jomo Kenyatta, Nyerere, Senghor, Nkuruma, Sékou Touré. These were giants in the African world, because they were leaders of the people very charismatic thousands if not millions were moved by them. But there leadership was challenged by the military as a result of corruption, in some cases, and as a result of ideological fragmentation in the society exacerbated by external influences. And of course, some of these leaders were overthrown by their military men and we witnessed the age of Jerry Rawlings and Samuel Doe. These had serious implications for African society because it means some of the old values in Africa about leadership have been changed. In the old Africa a Jerry Rawlings or Samuel Doe will not be leader because there too young. They haven't seen life yet, they need the elders to lead society but it's always through the modern Africa is being influenced by developments elsewhere in the world because Africans are living in the modern world and they are going to be influenced by modern values and modern ideas. Hence the military coup which originated from Latin America has now been institutionalized in the African countries. People like Kwame Nkuruma recognized this very early because when he addressed the OAU, he warned the African leaders. When he called them if we fail to unite Africa deprive into the same condition as Latin America is after 100 years of political independence. And that prophetic statement is very true now. You have more military government in the continent than before the 19, mid 1960s. So state building in the 1990s is going to be very much an issue on human rights, and the democratization of politics. As you have more and more educated Africans, especially those living in the United States and their kids going back. You are going to have either a turn around square syndrome or you are going to have more depression. Because in the 1990s and in the nine and 21st century the quest would be for greater democratization. Two things are going to lead to this desire for democratic societies. One is consumerism that is developing globally. In the 1990s we're going to see greater growth 'cause we'll be making more technological breakthroughs. And most of these hardware and software in the technological domain will be too expensive for some of the African nations would be available. And this is going to liberate many of this people from the village mentality to a cosmopolitan global mentality because the world is shrinking rapidly and this is becoming very evident. So consumerism as we have, like, which is already evident in many countries right now, is going to be intensified and Africa is not going to be isolated from that turn around. Africa is then going to be part of the turn around. The second reason why the democratic process is going to be very widely part of the 1990s and the 21st century Africa is that the increase in the population of Africa. 'Cause the birth rate is going high in some of this countries. Kenya has the highest birth rate in the continent today. And this has implication for the development of the continent. Politicians would now have to account for what they do, because the resources in the planet is going to be more and more scarce. They put security policies of governments and international organizations are going to be much more tighten in the 1990s and in the 21st century. And African leaders are not only going to be exposed to meet this person's from the international community, but from their own countries. And this would definitely bring about greater desire for democratic societies. And people would be more concerned about human rights and the violation of human rights. Now besides the question of nation building and state building, one must also look at the problem of Africa economic development in the 1990s and beyond. Earlier on, I pointed out to you that the African leaders have tried to deal with the question of African identity and African unity by in two ways. One is you try to allow individual African states to develop a sense of nationalism whether it is Sierra Leonean, Ghanaian or Kenyan or Tanzanian or Ethiopian nationalism. But also you want to make sure that there is some kind of economic development across these boundaries. What the African leaders have tried to do is to create regional groupings. You have the ECOWAS, the Economic Community Of West Africa. Then we have SADC. We talked about southern Africa region of Africa, including most of the front line States going south Botswana and the like. Then you have UDEAC in the Central Africa region that has grouped themselves so that they can advance themselves. In North Africa there is now a time to create a greater economic zone. King Hassan of Morocco, Muammar Gaddafi and of course and others in the region are trying to work out something with regards to the North African part of the continent. So you can create some kind of economic zone. These are the four different graphs or economic groupings that emerged in Africa. Now of course prior to the formation of the ECOWAS we had the OCAM which was an economic block created by the various francophone countries. Of course, after the OAU they still wanted to go on but in the end Yakubu Gowon and Eyadéma and others were able to influence the rest of the Africans in West Africa to group themselves for the ECOWAS. And today ECOWAS is struggling to maintain its balance. Although we had to very bad experiences with regard to free movement of people in West Africa. And afterwards, some of you, may raise question in regard to the success or failure, the successes and failures of the ECOWAS with regard to economic integration of the West African States. Now besides the attempt to create unity economically there is also the attempt on part of African countries to develop their individual economies. There are numerous partners with regard to this effort one is some African countries are much bigger than others. We have small countries like Gambia which is very small in terms of market, you have 800,000 people. I mean, some of the cities in the United States are much bigger than that. And the earning power the jokes I make sometimes about the absurdity of some of these states is that the budget of the college is much bigger than the budget of some of this states. So I mean you know like, but these are the realities that must be dealt with by African leadership and.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112378#t=0.0,2739.30449"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Because one, we're now making tremendous advances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=5.1,9.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm talking about, when I use \"We\",","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=9.567,10.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm talking about the human race.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=10.76,12.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have made tremendous progress in technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=12.34,17.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of these raw materials that we will take from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=18.75,21.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the African continent could very well be replaced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=21.71,25.769"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by other synthetic fibers, I mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=25.769,28.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or synthetic products in the coming decades.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=28.057,32.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As we move into outer space and begin to gain more knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=32.72,35.898"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as to how to produce some of these things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=35.898,39.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, the African leadership is faced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=39.69,42.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a very serious reality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=42.59,44.605"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that reality is how can you maintain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=44.605,47.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your territorial independence and at the same time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=47.67,51.775"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enhance your economic productivity in a land with others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=51.775,55.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the 1990 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Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=62.204,64.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question of the 1990s and in the 21st century","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=64.9,68.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is how can we industrialize our economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=69.45,73.005"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then be treated as equals in the global economic order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=73.005,78.005"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the number one question because in 1992,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=79.452,84.452"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the European economies are going to be much more integrated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=85.821,87.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's going to have a serious implication for Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=90.987,94.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the Senegalese and the Iberians, and the Togolese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=94.4,99.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are now very dependent on France,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=100.547,102.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you wait and see what's going to happen to them after 1992","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=102.97,107.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you have a United Europe to deal with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=107.32,111.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right now most of these French speaking African states","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=111.12,115.166"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have their currency set forth pegged to the French franc.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=115.166,119.688"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What does this mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=119.688,121.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It means to say 60% of your full exchange","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=121.43,125.132"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"must be handled by the Central Bank of France.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=125.132,128.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this limits your trading ability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=128.2,133.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the French are not going to allow you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=135.34,138.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to give them deficit or trade your balance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=138.78,141.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, you cannot go to the separate trade route.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=141.98,146.499"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is your bulk of the French franc zone,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=146.499,150.419"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and your try to create your currency,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=150.419,152.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hoping that you may be able to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=152.72,155.005"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you can only do that if you're able to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=155.005,157.704"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"industrialize and you're able to support your currency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=157.704,160.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through your own industrial productivity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=160.463,162.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the caveat for some of the African countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=162.873,165.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, we can recognize that it's working and the Africans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=165.49,168.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are able to have some kind of a common 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of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=177.77,179.984"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the united European economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=179.984,182.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think in the 21st century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=183.26,185.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the competition is going to be keen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=185.237,188.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what is going to be very critical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=188.19,190.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is how individual countries find a niche for themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=190.45,195.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you are going to be a Singapore, you're 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need.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=207.157,209.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this way you can get high currency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=210.307,212.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can pay for your 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send","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=218.37,220.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you these various products, we're going to-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=220.993,223.511"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member 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century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=227.258,230.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because inflation is going to raise the prices.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=230.51,234.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the big problems in most of these Africans countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=234.583,237.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's why you have the Rice Revolt in Liberia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=237.66,240.752"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which led to the death of Tolbert.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=240.752,242.736"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you're going to fight more Rice Revolts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=242.736,244.868"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of what I call the Uncle Debt Syndrome.,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=244.868,247.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=247.68,248.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because, you see, if you change your diet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=248.513,251.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a local product and if you need to import from outside,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=252.11,257.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you do not have the high currency,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=257.41,259.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will have a problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=259.31,261.255"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is the problem with many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=261.255,262.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these African countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=262.57,263.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, if you are able to create a special 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age","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=292.61,294.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the supercomputer, superconductor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=294.59,297.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, the industrial revolution has yet to take 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and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=333.9,335.872"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cultural development of Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=335.872,338.275"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is very well linked to the 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Tanzanian,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=359.121,363.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to teach Tanzanians in Swahili.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=363.11,368.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a very sensitive and difficult","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=369.247,372.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"issue for African leaders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=372.21,373.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is very difficult to go to Country A","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=374.354,377.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and tell the people in Country A,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=377.66,379.572"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"We are going to adopt this minority 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countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=415.018,418.336"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unless and until you create some kind of language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=418.336,422.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, there's a debate going on right 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visitor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=434.56,437.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sebrien Quincy and Howard,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=437.2,441.038"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I took him to test on this elaborate question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=441.038,445.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Now that you have made a name for yourself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=445.237,448.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"writing in English, when are you going to write","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=448.82,452.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"your original Igbo on there?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=452.817,455.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, he said, \"Well, my 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language,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=479.488,482.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and be literate in a foreign language?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=482.84,485.646"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or are you going to be willing to 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leadership.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=499.34,502.279"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if they are not ready to do that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=502.279,504.927"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opportunities and some business within 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going,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=595.96,599.004"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would say the Central Bank in Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=599.004,602.391"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will continue to be with their 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the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=624.8,627.734"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political idiots in Africa have agreed among themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=627.734,630.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not to tinkle with the existing colonial 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Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=651.448,654.259"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the attempt on the part of Eastern Europeans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=654.259,657.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to move away from centralized planner of the economy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=657.11,660.681"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we might see the dissolving of this ideological","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=660.681,665.681"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boundaries that are just about to be established in Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=666.535,671.214"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because the ideological battle came to Africa late.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=671.214,674.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the 60s the African Nationalist were saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=678.803,683.219"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Neither east nor west.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=683.219,685.219"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they joined in on and live 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colonies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=696.65,700.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gradually went towards a Marxist regime,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=700.6,702.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Angola, Mozambique, Guinea as 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and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=709.33,713.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the greater development of free enterprise in Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=713.46,718.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think this development has 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century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=726.31,728.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's one reason why I will conclude that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=728.51,731.405"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with regard to economic development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=731.405,733.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the future of African countries and Africa as a whole","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=733.92,737.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will very well depend on two things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=737.79,740.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One, the policies of the African leadership themself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=740.17,744.255"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they can successfully implement the Lagos Plan of Action.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=744.255,748.391"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a body of ideas developed by African","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=748.391,751.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaders at Lagos, Nigeria with regard to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=751.313,754.681"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the successful integration of African economies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=754.681,758.214"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the improvement of the quality of life of Africans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=758.214,761.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, if the Lagos Plan of Action could be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=761.23,763.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"implemented collectively and individually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=763.56,766.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by African states then maybe in the 21st century","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=766.0,769.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we will witness greater industrialization of Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=769.3,773.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and greater economic cooperation and coordination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=773.997,776.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among African countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=776.93,778.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the Lagos Plan of Action is not implemented","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=778.47,780.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the African leaders continue to take their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=780.53,784.212"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"individual part towards economic development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=784.212,787.848"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then Africans would have greater difficulties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=787.848,791.126"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1990s and in the 21st century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=791.126,794.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Last but not least I would say on the cultural issue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=794.34,797.784"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Africans were still find themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=797.784,801.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a paradoxical situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=801.45,803.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The African belief would be more for the labor work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=804.04,808.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than any other place on the planet,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=810.01,812.674"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they would be living a contradiction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=812.674,815.928"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the sense that like number of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=815.928,818.289"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be literate in two or three foreign languages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=818.289,821.587"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but illiterate in their own languages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=821.587,823.834"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=823.834,825.066"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=825.066,828.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Questions? Do you have a question?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=835.003,838.334"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, do you have a question?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=838.334,840.148"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Please feel free. Don't hesitate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=840.148,841.775"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can ask any question you want. Go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=841.775,843.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The first circumstance was almost needed there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=843.877,847.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. Stiggs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=849.443,850.276"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=850.276,851.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I was wondering how you would relate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=851.12,853.271"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that to problems with France.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=853.271,855.019"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If not, it's that, I thought the peoples of Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=855.019,858.599"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"led the new market for the people on that continent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=858.599,861.456"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than any other hustle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=861.456,862.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had that problem in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=862.89,865.238"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the situation with the indigenous people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=865.238,867.106"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we put them on reservations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=867.106,868.528"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We infect and we cure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=868.528,869.575"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=869.575,870.408"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e So, I was wondering how you're going to address","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=870.408,871.679"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or what you think the solution would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=871.679,874.355"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the migratory peoples of Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=874.355,876.411"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how is the nation going to do it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=876.411,877.744"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=877.744,878.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You mean the killing of Africa abroad?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=878.703,881.232"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I mean, between and across nation boundaries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=881.232,884.689"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, in terms of the boundaries in Africa?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=884.689,886.139"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=886.139,886.972"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you see, this is one of the key","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=886.972,889.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"questions right now in Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=889.87,891.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When can a single organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=891.93,893.964"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is it international or it's a state organization?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=893.964,896.326"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Look at the question of refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=896.326,898.805"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They do not look at the internal refugees,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=898.805,901.276"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they deal with the external refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=901.276,903.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meaning Africans who flee from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=903.633,906.131"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their countries to other countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=906.131,908.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now. this has implication for the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=908.077,909.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heterogeneity we are talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=909.93,913.238"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because if people are persecuted in a year for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=913.238,916.796"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you have thousands of them going across","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=916.796,919.195"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the border to Uganda, you now have another","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=919.195,922.988"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ethnic group introduced into the Ugandan equation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=922.988,927.226"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is of course going to complicate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=927.226,929.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the situation further in the Ugandan campus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=929.053,931.756"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course we have cases like that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=931.756,933.755"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the \"Wall Street Journal\" today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=933.755,936.602"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a listing of all the countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=936.602,939.846"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have major refugee problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=939.846,943.102"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they will list each of these countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=943.102,945.806"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are affected by the refugee problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=945.806,949.155"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The country is too weak, national probably,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=949.155,952.864"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"affected area fled.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=952.864,954.901"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like, for example, Thailand is the home","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=954.901,957.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Cambodians and Burmese refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=957.91,961.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now in Hong Kong you have a live number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=961.353,964.209"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Vietnamese trying to find a home in Hong Kong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=964.209,966.912"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that has implications for the Hong Kong situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=966.912,970.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the African context, we have cases like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=970.773,974.154"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are a lot of Guinea-Bissauvians in Senegal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=974.154,976.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have people from Ethiopia who are now in Sudan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=976.797,980.038"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of course that complicates the problem in Sudan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=980.038,982.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course it has implication","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=982.687,984.385"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for state building and economic development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=984.385,986.874"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't whether I answered your questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=986.874,987.916"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You're talking the unnatural migrants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=987.916,989.782"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm talking about the natural migrants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=989.782,992.141"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People who move-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=992.141,993.411"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e On their own?\nYes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=993.411,995.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, you mean the nomads?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=995.427,997.346"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Nomads-\nOkay, all right, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=997.346,998.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The nomadic, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=998.707,1000.074"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, we have ethnic groups in Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1000.074,1003.372"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are not nomadic, they fled.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1003.372,1005.298"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's why you find refugees all over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1005.298,1008.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They only did it from Senegal and America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1008.05,1009.748"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but refugees are now all over west Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1009.748,1012.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into Cameroon, northern Nigeria, Niger, northern Ghana.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1012.347,1016.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can't find that in central Africa anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1016.96,1018.932"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they all migrated from Senegal, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1018.932,1021.056"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they spread all the way across Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1021.056,1023.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of the went all the way to Ethiopia and in Sudan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1023.573,1026.078"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of them fallout there in Sudan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1026.078,1027.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I mean, you know, like you have a different side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1027.9,1032.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have to lure, then you have (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1033.328,1036.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1037.82,1038.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you know, like of course, you have the Swanas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1038.653,1042.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You find the Swanas in Liberia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1042.28,1044.957"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you find the Swanas in Botswana.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1044.957,1047.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, on and on and on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1047.517,1049.568"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have various nomadic groupings in the continent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1049.568,1052.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they cross boundaries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1052.79,1054.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is one of the problems of the African leaders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1054.204,1057.108"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The both of these groups, there are no boundaries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1057.108,1060.709"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they have cousins across the border.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1060.709,1063.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1063.613,1065.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, you cannot tell the (indistinct) in northern Liberia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1065.75,1070.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who has cousins in Cameroon that he cannot go to Cameroon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1070.926,1074.184"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because for him his schedule is very important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1074.184,1077.566"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same thing is true with the Borels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1077.566,1079.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Somali nomadic people from moving from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1079.903,1083.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somalia and Ethiopia and going towards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1083.153,1086.406"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what was known as French Somaliland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1086.406,1089.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, you do have these various groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1089.55,1091.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they move about in the continent and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1091.003,1092.782"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the African leadership is very much aware of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1092.782,1095.892"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then of course we have those traders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1095.892,1098.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the Hausa traders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1098.38,1100.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can to Ghana you have the Zongos.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1100.3,1102.291"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, these are the places occupied by Hausa people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1102.291,1106.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are nomads to Zongos.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1106.01,1107.788"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the of course the Hausa Zongo in Ghana.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1107.788,1111.902"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You find some of them in Togo","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1111.902,1114.127"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you find some of them in Benin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1114.127,1116.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the Hausa migration is a reality in west Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1116.34,1119.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, African leaders won't deal with this issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1119.797,1122.779"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then of course you have people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1122.779,1124.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who migrate for eternity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1124.433,1125.758"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we talk about the ECOWAS and the problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1125.758,1129.545"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the ECOWAS, I mean, the ECOWAS","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1129.545,1132.321"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suffered a major setback when Ugandan government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1132.321,1136.796"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under Bossier expelled Nigerians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1136.796,1139.297"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hausa's men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1139.297,1140.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then of course we had the unfortunate event","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1140.873,1143.899"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under Zegai with almost one million people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1143.899,1148.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, you do have migration and they pose a problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1148.05,1151.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to state building and nation building in these countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1151.09,1153.936"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that is their reality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1153.936,1155.354"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes? Someone here, then we come back to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1155.354,1157.465"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1157.465,1158.298"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I'm not sure if I comment-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1158.298,1160.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1160.117,1160.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e But one quick question.\nGo ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1160.95,1162.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The first statement is when you talk about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1162.43,1166.185"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ECOWAS and the economic progression west of here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1166.185,1170.268"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't foresee that happening though they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1171.775,1174.871"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been temperamental in and of itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1174.871,1177.294"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1177.294,1178.127"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you find that the economic policies are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1178.127,1181.794"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somehow with the French controlling-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1183.313,1186.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The CFA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1187.153,1188.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The CFA are in the house (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1188.05,1193.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1193.148,1194.179"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e So going back to that, what do you think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1194.179,1196.312"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the economic progression at twice the continental level?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1196.312,1200.361"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What ever really is this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1200.361,1202.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can trade, we can move people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1202.637,1205.801"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Without those two things, I mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1205.801,1208.292"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know what to think about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1208.292,1209.612"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1209.612,1210.445"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that a policy because of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1210.445,1212.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anti-flight and the impact of the-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1212.77,1215.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e European.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1217.186,1218.519"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The European that's in a position to do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1218.519,1221.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"True that and now it has to adhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1221.763,1224.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I don't know about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1224.707,1226.032"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1226.032,1226.865"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They captured this, one in Moscow, two in Nigeria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1226.865,1230.615"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These people are forming for coup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1230.615,1233.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for people in Armenia and in Lagos.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1233.073,1235.685"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The idea is to get Africans or get African past this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1235.685,1240.461"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In part they had to be doing this about two months ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1240.461,1244.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not over here but the impact was here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1244.557,1247.151"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The idea is to educate African leaders of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1247.151,1251.234"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the implication of 1992 for Europe and the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1251.234,1255.081"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1255.081,1255.914"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e If we as Africans don't move our business a step forward","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1255.914,1260.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after 1992 we'd be 10 steps backward.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1260.577,1263.339"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1263.339,1264.172"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The likes of which I believe is very general to 1992,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1264.172,1267.741"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the implications of what Africa is going to be going to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1267.741,1271.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that problem the south in more African countries?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1271.837,1275.831"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the recent announcement of Lagos two months ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1275.831,1278.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by BCB about the new punishment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1278.79,1282.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which thing should Africans do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1282.52,1285.207"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you know about this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1286.813,1289.065"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the next one year or six months another plan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1289.065,1291.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is coming out from the one hand about that development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1291.33,1294.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is different from the beginning one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1295.31,1297.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which blames everything on Africa?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1297.28,1300.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankly, but not because we are difficult,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1300.193,1302.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we are-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1302.4,1303.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience member coughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1303.65,1304.895"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, we knew what was coming out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1304.895,1306.432"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact because we knew 1990s decision,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1306.432,1307.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe not this, but 1990 then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1307.36,1309.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which do we use to develop the Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1309.41,1312.989"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the end of this century?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1312.989,1314.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that is very very crucial,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1314.813,1316.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially that issue, the south issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1316.637,1319.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the implication of that was back then was (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1319.83,1322.377"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, well I would agree that that question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1323.86,1327.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a serious one, but I think the Africans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1327.533,1330.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will go beyond that question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1330.497,1332.269"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think even in Europe countries themselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1332.269,1334.282"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States and Japan, and all this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1334.282,1337.005"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"realize that you cannot have meaningful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1337.005,1339.136"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international trade if your trading partners are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1339.136,1341.741"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so indebted that they cannot buy anything from you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1341.741,1343.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I think that is an issue with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1343.47,1345.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so called, answering that question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1345.67,1348.136"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mostly dealt with and it's good to be dealt with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1348.136,1351.809"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we're seeing signs that that question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1351.809,1356.239"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be settled as we move into the 1990s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1356.239,1359.976"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I agree with you when you talk about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1359.976,1362.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the efforts of the African for a Progressive Group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1362.38,1365.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't know that they weren't into the African fold.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1365.33,1367.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I know that western Europe is very actively involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1367.56,1371.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in trying to sensitize Africans about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1371.217,1374.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the grave consequences of this unity, the United Nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1374.92,1379.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because otherwise African economies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1380.842,1383.721"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are going to be really devastated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1383.721,1386.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, with regard to the ECOWAS, I will say this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1386.26,1389.782"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The ECOWAS can become a meaningful and effective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1389.782,1391.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"economic block only when certain preconditions are met.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1395.578,1398.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think more than what the African leaders are doing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1400.071,1402.605"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are beginning to loosen up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1402.605,1403.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are beginning to allow people to move about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1403.91,1407.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, once people begin to move about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1407.04,1408.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there leave a specific order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1408.96,1410.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the the Guineans can go to Nigeria,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1410.93,1413.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nigerians to Ghana, Gambians can go to Senegal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1413.393,1415.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or to Mali or to Guinea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1415.273,1416.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they begin to break the boundaries that were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1416.58,1418.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"separating them under colonialism and you can move beyond.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1418.46,1423.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we have to see to it that there is some kind of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1423.39,1427.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"currency or money trade or union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1430.211,1432.961"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, that is going to be a political decision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1434.318,1436.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if a political rift does exist among","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1436.507,1438.811"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the African leaders then we will not move anyway,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1438.811,1440.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then I would agree with you that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1440.83,1443.304"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no trade or meaningful trader will take place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1443.304,1445.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Over here Leo believe that, he will let you tell them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1445.28,1448.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1448.247,1450.101"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you. I will demonstrate here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1450.101,1452.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1452.29,1453.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well I have a comment, compliment, and a questIon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1453.79,1457.957"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will admit that that gives me an African identity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1459.432,1463.765"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's belonging to, in order of tradition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1465.08,1468.418"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I want to say today I saw a personification","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1468.418,1473.026"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all of (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1473.026,1475.675"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I love it (laughing).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1475.675,1478.094"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1478.094,1481.271"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e My question is, when you were talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1481.271,1484.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the trends that have taken place in the 1990s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1484.317,1488.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can you explain to me what a proposed globalization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1490.188,1495.188"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the changes due to technological changes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1495.722,1500.084"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You almost distinct it to that it's a key thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1500.084,1504.002"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Africans are embracing consumerism is a key thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1504.002,1509.002"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I can see that in terms of the African","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1509.3,1512.528"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"value system minus the African elite.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1512.528,1515.611"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How much of consumerism is foreseen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1517.494,1520.411"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or planned for in the labor schematic?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1523.202,1526.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Uh uh, uh huh. Well that's a very good question here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1526.333,1530.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I will say this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1530.24,1533.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see, the African leaders are the ones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1533.17,1535.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who set the pace in these societies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1535.81,1538.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1538.62,1540.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And many of us are still pretty much influenced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1540.157,1543.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the old African values of communalism, sharing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1543.56,1548.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"giving, and of course, identifying with your 10th cousins","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1549.03,1554.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and fourth cousins, and fifth 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You see what I'm saying?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1588.426,1590.615"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, that mentality is a minority mentality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1590.615,1594.198"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among the Africans because a majority of the Africans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1596.953,1599.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are still living in the rural areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1599.717,1601.676"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they are involved with themselves with communalism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1601.676,1604.554"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's why they are able to deal with their problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1604.554,1606.858"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Things would be very violent out of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1606.858,1609.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if those relaters had a sense of individualism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1609.047,1611.926"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things would be much worse than they are now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1611.926,1615.615"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they were very individualistic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1615.615,1618.034"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because people are now willing to share","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1618.034,1620.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the little that they have with one another,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1620.567,1624.366"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whereas if they were living as individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1624.366,1627.866"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then someone comes asking from me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1629.669,1631.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then of course they will say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1631.513,1633.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I have a half of loaf of bread.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1633.817,1635.771"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"It's not enough for me why should","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1635.771,1637.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I share it with you, you are worth it.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1637.96,1640.379"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so it's 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results.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1648.79,1652.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is responsible for some of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1653.398,1655.242"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"excessive that we see in the continent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1655.242,1657.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We see some of these people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1657.891,1659.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they call it an end to our dependency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1659.85,1663.184"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are the people who hold massive events","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1663.184,1665.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they do events.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1665.413,1666.927"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1666.927,1669.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They belong to the tribesmen of massive event orders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1669.233,1673.519"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were events, see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1673.519,1674.936"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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consumerism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1689.43,1692.356"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consumerism is a fundamental among the minority of elites.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1692.356,1697.356"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in and among the elites in Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1697.833,1701.151"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is why it's individualized,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1701.151,1703.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is no successful Africa to date","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1703.047,1706.478"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who does not have purpose, even the mid elites.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1706.478,1710.395"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we have many middle elites in Nigeria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1713.655,1716.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have a millions, and 10 thousand dollars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1716.493,1719.451"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see what I'm saying?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1719.451,1720.995"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, they have poor ratings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1720.995,1722.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see what I'm saying?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1722.891,1725.495"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, that is the reality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1725.495,1727.495"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the communalistic clause will then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1728.808,1730.632"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coexist with the individuals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1730.632,1732.522"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The individualism among the elites is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1732.522,1734.299"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money for the state in conspicuous consumption.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1734.299,1736.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's why you find some of the rich Africans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1736.903,1740.812"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buying all these chestnuts and all the other things they do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1740.812,1744.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1744.48,1745.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, you know, like the Morbutu types","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1745.903,1748.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with five billion dollars and Heily Combs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1748.153,1751.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in France and Switzerland and all of these other places.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1753.243,1756.562"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But anyone in (indistinct) correlates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1756.562,1758.452"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1758.452,1760.798"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the reality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1760.798,1762.465"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, okay, let's get looking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1763.306,1764.424"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Go ahead, go ahead. Yes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1764.424,1765.874"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want to talk to our guests. Go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1765.874,1768.124"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I was wondering, before you guys talked about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1768.124,1771.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"increasing the democratization in Africa?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1771.083,1774.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Will this be side by side with a gift","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1775.7,1778.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the military as you or maybe within?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1780.555,1783.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Very good question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1783.637,1786.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we cannot democratize with military dictatorships.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1786.143,1790.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Military men are not good with organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1790.977,1794.644"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The military men must be taken back to the barracks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1794.644,1797.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's easier said than done but I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1797.963,1800.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if there is the political will,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1800.38,1803.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that means to say the political elite are united,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1803.16,1806.248"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are not playing the opportunistic game","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1806.248,1808.616"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the masses are educated about their rights,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1808.616,1811.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you will have democratization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1811.66,1814.061"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the only way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1814.061,1815.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You are seeing this like America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1815.13,1816.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At one moment all the American countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1816.547,1818.679"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used to be the hot bed of military coups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1818.679,1821.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the Latinos are now moving away from that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1821.33,1823.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are gradually disengaging","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1823.84,1825.901"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the military coups syndrome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1825.901,1827.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Africans are now the ones who have the coup problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1827.84,1831.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because Argentina used to be a major center.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1831.96,1835.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Brazilians used to have coups exist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1836.85,1839.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you read the history of any of these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1839.55,1841.731"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American countries you find coups, after coups, after coups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1841.731,1845.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even in some of the middle eastern countries like Syria,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1845.64,1850.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How does Assad have field days with (indistinct)?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1850.731,1854.398"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Has burnt some kind of fight within Syria?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1854.398,1857.121"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because Assad came to power in Syria,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1857.121,1860.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the jokes among the Syrians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1863.634,1865.654"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they already had so many coups and so many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1865.654,1868.092"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"governments of then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1868.092,1869.746"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"49 governments. The most of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1869.746,1871.524"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The jokes among the Syrians was when they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1871.524,1874.128"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meet each other in the morning before this is sabbatical,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1874.128,1876.968"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they ask each other, \"Do we have any relevance?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1876.968,1879.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1879.1,1880.759"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I mean, you know, like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1880.759,1882.537"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was the kind of situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1882.537,1884.314"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have to get out of that situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1884.314,1887.509"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is the reality that has to happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1887.509,1890.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the government transition process is a growing movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1890.113,1893.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is evident among students, it is evident","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1893.89,1897.295"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among professional people, and people don't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1897.295,1898.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want to be ruled by dictators anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1899.585,1901.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are going to fight this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1901.363,1903.376"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think in the 1990s you're going to see that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1903.376,1905.782"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's get someone else to do that before we close,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1905.782,1908.226"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna 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coup.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1913.557,1918.377"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you foresee in the 90s how countries grew","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1918.377,1922.044"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into personality by the basic accusation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1924.056,1927.389"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this present (indistinct)?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=1930.341,1933.841"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well this is one of the programs of more than 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Society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2049.59,2053.144"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you know the implications of that effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2053.144,2055.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Gaddafi in the 1980s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2055.35,2057.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because within in a very short time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2058.117,2060.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his policies created a lot of enemies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2060.25,2062.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only in France and the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2063.1,2065.951"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in Arabia, but also in South Africa as 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than.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2071.042,2073.528"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2073.528,2076.695"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e We'd like to thank you for your patience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2084.305,2085.958"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the lecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2085.958,2087.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know you all have classifications,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2087.263,2089.592"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time constraints, the continuous campus program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2089.592,2093.259"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have a light program for the beginning of the week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2093.259,2097.284"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tomorrow at the 10:30 we could have the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2097.284,2100.009"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"part of our program which wasn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2100.009,2102.375"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nigerian correlation of general DC,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2102.375,2104.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Nigerian craft and on forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2104.39,2106.044"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's at 11:30 at the old Pata building.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2106.044,2110.067"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very important that I see you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2110.067,2111.849"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On Saturday at 2 p.m. you have a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2111.849,2114.808"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big one at North side Park.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2114.808,2116.821"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it starts at 2 p.m. and it closes at five.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2116.821,2119.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have Nigerian fruit for you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2119.807,2121.912"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Never have you taste Nigerian?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2121.912,2123.806"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you have taste in Nigerian music,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2123.806,2126.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can see the way we dress,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2126.057,2127.716"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we hope you all come here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2127.716,2130.084"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And later at nine and 8 p.m. we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2130.084,2133.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a party at the Black Cultural Center.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2133.397,2136.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It starts at 9 p.m. and hopefully","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2136.12,2138.724"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're going to dance to our music.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2138.724,2141.688"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope you guys are big music fans too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2141.688,2144.321"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We hope to see you there and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2144.321,2146.628"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we thank you again for your patience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2146.628,2148.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will now invite the second conversation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2148.76,2151.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get the fine art vote to terrace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2151.62,2155.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=2155.033,2156.7"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25504/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/504/original/AV203856_Africa_in_the_90s_and_Beyond_b.vtt?1620308350","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/504/original/AV203856_Africa_in_the_90s_and_Beyond_b.vtt?1620308350"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25505","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203856_Africa_in_the_90s_and_Beyond_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379/transcript/25505/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Because one, we're now making tremendous advances. I'm talking about, when I use \"We\", I'm talking about the human race. We have made tremendous progress in technology. Many of these raw materials that we will take from the African continent could very well be replaced by other synthetic fibers, I mean, or synthetic products in the coming decades. As we move into outer space and begin to gain more knowledge as to how to produce some of these things. So, the African leadership is faced with a very serious reality. And that reality is how can you maintain your territorial independence and at the same time enhance your economic productivity in a land with others. That's the 1990 question. In the 50s and 60s the Africans were asking the question, can we be politically independent from Europe. The question of the 1990s and in the 21st century is how can we industrialize our economy and then be treated as equals in the global economic order. That is the number one question because in 1992, the European economies are going to be much more integrated. And that's going to have a serious implication for Africa. If the Senegalese and the Iberians, and the Togolese are now very dependent on France, you wait and see what's going to happen to them after 1992 when you have a United Europe to deal with. Right now most of these French speaking African states have their currency set forth pegged to the French franc. What does this mean? It means to say 60% of your full exchange must be handled by the Central Bank of France. And this limits your trading ability because the French are not going to allow you to give them deficit or trade your balance. Now, you cannot go to the separate trade route. That is your bulk of the French franc zone, and your try to create your currency, hoping that you may be able to do it. But you can only do that if you're able to industrialize and you're able to support your currency through your own industrial productivity. That is the caveat for some of the African countries. Now, we can recognize that it's working and the Africans are able to have some kind of a common market. They may be able to minimize the losses to themselves as the result of the emergence of the united European economy. And I think in the 21st century, the competition is going to be keen. And what is going to be very critical is how individual countries find a niche for themselves. If you are going to be a Singapore, you're specialized. There is a sudden need in the international community and you meet that need. And this way you can get high currency and you can pay for your bills. But if you are going to produce raw materials for others to process and then they send you these various products, we're going to- And this is a problem for many of the African countries in the 1990s and in the 21st century, because inflation is going to raise the prices. One of the big problems in most of these Africans countries, and that's why you have the Rice Revolt in Liberia, which led to the death of Tolbert. And you're going to fight more Rice Revolts because of what I call the Uncle Debt Syndrome., Because, you see, if you change your diet from a local product and if you need to import from outside, and if you do not have the high currency, you will have a problem. And this is the problem with many of these African countries. Now, if you are able to create a special market for yourself which caters to the interest of the industrialized countries, and then of course you are part of the game. But at the moment you will become only providers of raw materials. And that is the critical question. Because in most of these countries industrialization has not even reached the in branding stage. And we are now going into the age of the supercomputer, superconductor. So, the industrial revolution has yet to take place, and these other societies are going beyond the industrial revolution. We had Brzezinkski and Bell, Daniel Bell talks about the Technotronic societies, going beyond the industrial period. I mean, of course, people like Toffler talking about The Third Wave in terms of development. Now, this has implications for the Africans in the 1990s and beyond. Now, the other point that needs to be dealt with in the 1990s, and I think it's going to be very critical with development, the cultural life and cultural development of Africa. And that is very well linked to the question of identity, state building, and mission building. This is the question of, the long awaited question in education. I pointed out to you that Tanzanian is among those few countries that I really do impact. Because the policy has been taken in Tanzanian, to teach Tanzanians in Swahili. This is a very sensitive and difficult issue for African leaders. It is very difficult to go to Country A and tell the people in Country A, \"We are going to adopt this minority language \"or majority language and we are going to educate \"our children and grandchildren in this language.\" The problem that is plagued by the African leadership is how much money are they willing to invest, either in one language or in a number of languages, so as to make people who speak those languages literate in those languages and to acquire scientific know-how in those languages? That is a 1990 issue because you cannot define nationalism in each of these countries, unless and until you create some kind of language. Now, there's a debate going on right now. Some of the African writers like Achebe for example, Chinua Achebe would argue that the Africans should write in English. This afternoon we had a visitor, Sebrien Quincy and Howard, and I took him to test on this elaborate question, \"Now that you have made a name for yourself \"writing in English, when are you going to write \"your original Igbo on there?\" And of course, he said, \"Well, my people \"don't let people write in my language because, \"you know, they will read it.\" Now, but the point is there are more Igbos than Fins, and you have Finnish writers who are writing in their own language. So, I mean, you know like, this is a question we have to deal with in the New Africa in the 1990s. The language question has to be dealt with. If you want to retain your mother tongue are you going to be remain illiterate in that language, and be literate in a foreign language? Or are you going to be willing to throw that language away and then latch on to English or French, or Portuguese, or German, and then be part of the German, French, English commonwealth? See, that's a big problem for the African leadership. And if they are not ready to do that, opportunities and some business within the African societies will always use the language question to create division in a society. Just like in India and some other parts of the world. Now, the other point that needs to be borne in mind with regard to the cultural issues of the 1990s and the 21st century is that kids were educated in the vernacular, as they call it in West Africa. That is the language, the mother tongue. They will do better because they can relate to concepts in their mother tongue. If you are a young five year old kid living anywhere in Africa and your mother doesn't speak English, and the majority of them are like that, and you are forced to learn mathematics in a foreign language, you may have real difficulties. And there are thousands of Africans who have learned mathematics and physic in English, or in French, or in German, or Italian. But, there are people who will argue many more would learned these sciences if they were introduced to them in their mother tongue. And these are issues that are being debated right now by African academics with regard to the cultural and educational development of African peoples. So, when I conclude my presentation with regard to the forecast about where Africa was going, I would say the Central Bank in Africa will continue to be with their oppressor. There will be African reliance on whatever country that they come from. So, the African identity is assured and guaranteed into the 21st century. There is no doubt about that. With regard to the development of state nationalism, whether it is Algerian or Zambian, that too is going to parented because the political idiots in Africa have agreed among themselves not to tinkle with the existing colonial progress. So, we are going down to Nigeria, all the way down to Zambia. With regard to economic integration of the African societies, I would say that with the rights appearing straighter now, and Glasnost in the Soviet Union, and the attempt on the part of Eastern Europeans to move away from centralized planner of the economy, we might see the dissolving of this ideological boundaries that are just about to be established in Africa. Because the ideological battle came to Africa late. In the 60s the African Nationalist were saying, \"Neither east nor west.\" And they joined in on and live movement. In the 70s with the fall of Portuguese colonialism in Africa, some of the former Portuguese colonies gradually went towards a Marxist regime, and Angola, Mozambique, Guinea as well. In the 1980s and 1990s we will see the receding of Marxism globally and the greater development of free enterprise in Africa. And I think this development has implication for the state of things in Africa in the 1990s and in the 21st century. And that's one reason why I will conclude that with regard to economic development, the future of African countries and Africa as a whole will very well depend on two things. One, the policies of the African leadership themself, if they can successfully implement the Lagos Plan of Action. This is a body of ideas developed by African leaders at Lagos, Nigeria with regard to the successful integration of African economies for the improvement of the quality of life of Africans. Now, if the Lagos Plan of Action could be implemented collectively and individually by African states then maybe in the 21st century we will witness greater industrialization of Africa, and greater economic cooperation and coordination among African countries. If the Lagos Plan of Action is not implemented and the African leaders continue to take their individual part towards economic development then Africans would have greater difficulties in the 1990s and in the 21st century. Last but not least I would say on the cultural issue, the Africans were still find themselves in a paradoxical situation. The African belief would be more for the labor work than any other place on the planet, but they would be living a contradiction in the sense that like number of them would be literate in two or three foreign languages but illiterate in their own languages. Thank you very much.\r\n\r\n- Questions? Do you have a question?\r\n\r\n- Yeah, do you have a question? Please feel free. Don't hesitate. You can ask any question you want. Go ahead.\r\n\r\n- The first circumstance was almost needed there. Mr. Stiggs?\r\n\r\n- Yes?\r\n\r\n- I was wondering how you would relate that to problems with France. If not, it's that, I thought the peoples of Africa led the new market for the people on that continent than any other hustle. We had that problem in the United States with the situation with the indigenous people, we put them on reservations. We infect and we cure.\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- So, I was wondering how you're going to address or what you think the solution would be to the migratory peoples of Africa, and how is the nation going to do it?\r\n\r\n- Well, okay. You mean the killing of Africa abroad?\r\n\r\n- No, I mean, between and across nation boundaries.\r\n\r\n- Oh, in terms of the boundaries in Africa?\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- Well, you see, this is one of the key questions right now in Africa. When can a single organization, is it international or it's a state organization? Look at the question of refugees. They do not look at the internal refugees, they deal with the external refugees. meaning Africans who flee from their countries to other countries. Now. this has implication for the heterogeneity we are talking about. Because if people are persecuted in a year for example, and you have thousands of them going across the border to Uganda, you now have another ethnic group introduced into the Ugandan equation. And this is of course going to complicate the situation further in the Ugandan campus. And of course we have cases like that in the \"Wall Street Journal\" today, there is a listing of all the countries that have major refugee problems. And they will list each of these countries that are affected by the refugee problem. The country is too weak, national probably, affected area fled. Like, for example, Thailand is the home of Cambodians and Burmese refugees. Now in Hong Kong you have a live number of Vietnamese trying to find a home in Hong Kong. But that has implications for the Hong Kong situation. In the African context, we have cases like that. There are a lot of Guinea-Bissauvians in Senegal. You have people from Ethiopia who are now in Sudan and of course that complicates the problem in Sudan. And of course it has implication for state building and economic development. I don't whether I answered your questions.\r\n\r\n- You're talking the unnatural migrants, I'm talking about the natural migrants. People who move-\r\n\r\n- On their own?\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- Oh, you mean the nomads?\r\n\r\n- Nomads-\r\n\r\n- Okay, all right, okay. The nomadic, okay. Now, we have ethnic groups in Africa that are not nomadic, they fled. That's why you find refugees all over. They only did it from Senegal and America, but refugees are now all over west Africa, into Cameroon, northern Nigeria, Niger, northern Ghana. You can't find that in central Africa anymore. But they all migrated from Senegal, okay? And they spread all the way across Africa. Some of the went all the way to Ethiopia and in Sudan. All of them fallout there in Sudan. So, I mean, you know, like you have a different side. You have to lure, then you have . You see? And you know, like of course, you have the Swanas. You find the Swanas in Liberia and you find the Swanas in Botswana. And of course, on and on and on. You have various nomadic groupings in the continent and they cross boundaries. This is one of the problems of the African leaders. The both of these groups, there are no boundaries because they have cousins across the border. So, you cannot tell the in northern Liberia who has cousins in Cameroon that he cannot go to Cameroon, because for him his schedule is very important. The same thing is true with the Borels. and the Somali nomadic people from moving from Somalia and Ethiopia and going towards what was known as French Somaliland. So, you do have these various groups they move about in the continent and the African leadership is very much aware of this. And then of course we have those traders, like the Hausa traders. You can to Ghana you have the Zongos. You know, these are the places occupied by Hausa people, they are nomads to Zongos. And the of course the Hausa Zongo in Ghana. You find some of them in Togo and you find some of them in Benin. So the Hausa migration is a reality in west Africa. So, African leaders won't deal with this issue. And then of course you have people who migrate for eternity. When we talk about the ECOWAS and the problems with the ECOWAS, I mean, the ECOWAS suffered a major setback when Ugandan government under Bossier expelled Nigerians. Hausa's men. And then of course we had the unfortunate event under Zegai with almost one million people. So, you do have migration and they pose a problem to state building and nation building in these countries, but that is their reality. Yes? Someone here, then we come back to you. Go ahead.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, I'm not sure if I comment-\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- But one quick question.\r\n\r\n- Go ahead.\r\n\r\n- The first statement is when you talk about ECOWAS and the economic progression west of here, I can't foresee that happening though they have been temperamental in and of itself.\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- Do you find that the economic policies are somehow with the French controlling-\r\n\r\n- The CFA.\r\n\r\n- The CFA are in the house .\r\n\r\n- That's right.\r\n\r\n- So going back to that, what do you think of the economic progression at twice the continental level? What ever really is this? We can trade, we can move people. Without those two things, I mean, I don't know what to think about it.\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- Is that a policy because of the anti-flight and the impact of the-\r\n\r\n- European.\r\n\r\n- The European that's in a position to do that. True that and now it has to adhere.\r\n\r\n- No, I don't know about that.\r\n\r\n- Okay. They captured this, one in Moscow, two in Nigeria. These people are forming for coup for people in Armenia and in Lagos. The idea is to get Africans or get African past this. In part they had to be doing this about two months ago. Not over here but the impact was here. The idea is to educate African leaders of the implication of 1992 for Europe and the world.\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- If we as Africans don't move our business a step forward after 1992 we'd be 10 steps backward.\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- The likes of which I believe is very general to 1992, is the implications of what Africa is going to be going to, is that problem the south in more African countries? And the recent announcement of Lagos two months ago by BCB about the new punishment. Which thing should Africans do? And you know about this, in the next one year or six months another plan is coming out from the one hand about that development. What is different from the beginning one, which blames everything on Africa? Frankly, but not because we are difficult, because we are- No, we knew what was coming out. In fact because we knew 1990s decision, maybe not this, but 1990 then. Which do we use to develop the Africa at the end of this century? I think that is very very crucial, especially that issue, the south issue. And the implication of that was back then was .\r\n\r\n- Yeah, well I would agree that that question is a serious one, but I think the Africans will go beyond that question. I think even in Europe countries themselves, the United States and Japan, and all this, realize that you cannot have meaningful international trade if your trading partners are so indebted that they cannot buy anything from you. So, I think that is an issue with so called, answering that question. Mostly dealt with and it's good to be dealt with, I think we're seeing signs that that question will be settled as we move into the 1990s. But I agree with you when you talk about the efforts of the African for a Progressive Group. I didn't know that they weren't into the African fold. But I know that western Europe is very actively involved in trying to sensitize Africans about the grave consequences of this unity, the United Nations, because otherwise African economies are going to be really devastated. Now, with regard to the ECOWAS, I will say this. The ECOWAS can become a meaningful and effective economic block only when certain preconditions are met. I think more than what the African leaders are doing, they are beginning to loosen up. They are beginning to allow people to move about. So, once people begin to move about there leave a specific order. If the the Guineans can go to Nigeria, Nigerians to Ghana, Gambians can go to Senegal or to Mali or to Guinea, they begin to break the boundaries that were separating them under colonialism and you can move beyond. But we have to see to it that there is some kind of currency or money trade or union. Now, that is going to be a political decision and if a political rift does exist among the African leaders then we will not move anyway, and then I would agree with you that no trade or meaningful trader will take place. Over here Leo believe that, he will let you tell them.\r\n\r\n- Thank you. I will demonstrate here. Well I have a comment, compliment, and a questIon. I will admit that that gives me an African identity, it's belonging to, in order of tradition. And I want to say today I saw a personification of all of .\r\n\r\n- I love it .\r\n\r\n- My question is, when you were talking about some of the trends that have taken place in the 1990s, can you explain to me what a proposed globalization of the changes due to technological changes. You almost distinct it to that it's a key thing that Africans are embracing consumerism is a key thing. And I can see that in terms of the African value system minus the African elite. How much of consumerism is foreseen or planned for in the labor schematic?\r\n\r\n- Uh uh, uh huh. Well that's a very good question here. Now, I will say this. You see, the African leaders are the ones who set the pace in these societies. It is true. And many of us are still pretty much influenced by the old African values of communalism, sharing, giving, and of course, identifying with your 10th cousins and fourth cousins, and fifth cousins. Now, the reality that is being brought home to the African is that in the individualism is setting in. And consumerism can only work where people are very individualist. As they say in America, me too. Me too-ism. You see what I'm saying? You know, and it has been popularized by American musicians. Do your thing? You see what I'm saying? Now, that mentality is a minority mentality among the Africans because a majority of the Africans are still living in the rural areas and they are involved with themselves with communalism, that's why they are able to deal with their problem. Things would be very violent out of them if those relaters had a sense of individualism, things would be much worse than they are now if they were very individualistic. Because people are now willing to share the little that they have with one another, whereas if they were living as individuals and then someone comes asking from me, then of course they will say, \"I have a half of loaf of bread. \"It's not enough for me why should \"I share it with you, you are worth it.\" And so it's that. Now, the consumeristic floods, okay, is being propagated by the elite's results. And this is responsible for some of the excessive that we see in the continent. We see some of these people, they call it an end to our dependency. These are the people who hold massive events because they do events. They belong to the tribesmen of massive event orders. They were events, see. You know, like, you cannot go out one day, now will you? Now, the point to bare in mind is that when you look at consumerism, consumerism is a fundamental among the minority of elites. But in and among the elites in Africa, and this is why it's individualized, there is no successful Africa to date who does not have purpose, even the mid elites. And we have many middle elites in Nigeria. They have a millions, and 10 thousand dollars. You see what I'm saying? I mean, they have poor ratings. You see what I'm saying? So, that is the reality. So the communalistic clause will then coexist with the individuals. The individualism among the elites is money for the state in conspicuous consumption. That's why you find some of the rich Africans buying all these chestnuts and all the other things they do. You see? I mean, you know, like the Morbutu types with five billion dollars and Heily Combs in France and Switzerland and all of these other places. But anyone in correlates. That is the reality. But, okay, let's get looking. Go ahead, go ahead. Yes? We want to talk to our guests. Go ahead.\r\n\r\n- I was wondering, before you guys talked about increasing the democratization in Africa? Will this be side by side with a gift like the military as you or maybe within?\r\n\r\n- Very good question. I think we cannot democratize with military dictatorships. Military men are not good with organization. The military men must be taken back to the barracks. It's easier said than done but I think if there is the political will, that means to say the political elite are united, they are not playing the opportunistic game and the masses are educated about their rights, then you will have democratization. That is the only way. You are seeing this like America. At one moment all the American countries used to be the hot bed of military coups. But the Latinos are now moving away from that. They are gradually disengaging from the military coups syndrome. And Africans are now the ones who have the coup problem because Argentina used to be a major center. The Brazilians used to have coups exist. If you read the history of any of these American countries you find coups, after coups, after coups. Even in some of the middle eastern countries like Syria, How does Assad have field days with ? Has burnt some kind of fight within Syria? Because Assad came to power in Syria, one of the jokes among the Syrians, they already had so many coups and so many governments of then. 49 governments. The most of them. The jokes among the Syrians was when they meet each other in the morning before this is sabbatical, they ask each other, \"Do we have any relevance?\" So, I mean, you know, like that. That was the kind of situation. They have to get out of that situation and this is the reality that has to happen. And the government transition process is a growing movement. It is evident among students, it is evident among professional people, and people don't want to be ruled by dictators anymore. They are going to fight this. And I think in the 1990s you're going to see that. Let's get someone else to do that before we close, I wanna close.\r\n\r\n- Do the United Nations feed the ruler right now of African countries to form a massive coup. Do you foresee in the 90s how countries grew into personality by the basic accusation for this present ?\r\n\r\n- Well this is one of the programs of more than ever. Because you had been very unpopular because, you see, if some of the other countries, like Siberia, we get NASA in the 50s tried to do something like that to reinforce the Islamic process side by side. But of course, you know, that is not very popular with the government in the U.S.. And you know, like NASA was fought vigorously on this cause. The Saudi Arabians of course have done it, taking a longer route. And Saudi Arabia is very close to the United States and U.S. advances. And of course even the Saudis have been very half hearted in doing that, because they recognize the consequences. If you promote Arabalization, that is, including the teaching of the Arabic language with the intention of displacing French amongst the Muslims in west Africa, then you will have little support amongst all the Muslims, especially rural areas and the people who are not really westernized. But it has political implications for these societies. And the western law will definitely not like that, especially the French government which has tremendous cultural difference. That's why they established the Alliance Francaise, which is responsible for the promotion of the French culture in Africa. There's no African country today that doesn't have an Alliance Francaise which is promoting French among those people or the British Council. This are the cultural agencies. The Arab League has not created the ever popular Alliance Francaise or the Cult Institute which is used by the Germans. Most of these countries promote their languages. So, there are Arab forces that would like to do that. Muammar Al-Gaddafi has tried to do that with the in Libya, the Islamic Cultural Society, but you know the implications of that effort of Gaddafi in the 1980s. Because within in a very short time his policies created a lot of enemies, not only in France and the United States, but in Arabia, but also in South Africa as well. I think you read that in your west Africa policy. Yeah, thank you very much than.\r\n\r\n- We'd like to thank you for your patience with the lecture. We know you all have classifications, time constraints, the continuous campus program. We have a light program for the beginning of the week. Tomorrow at the 10:30 we could have the part of our program which wasn't Nigerian correlation of general DC, the Nigerian craft and on forth. And it's at 11:30 at the old Pata building. Very important that I see you. On Saturday at 2 p.m. you have a big one at North side Park. And it starts at 2 p.m. and it closes at five. We have Nigerian fruit for you. Never have you taste Nigerian? If you have taste in Nigerian music, and you can see the way we dress, and we hope you all come here. And later at nine and 8 p.m. we have a party at the Black Cultural Center. It starts at 9 p.m. and hopefully you're going to dance to our music. I hope you guys are big music fans too. We hope to see you there and we thank you again for your patience. I will now invite the second conversation to get the fine art vote to terrace. Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40677/file/112379#t=0.0,2161.29306"}]}]}]}