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tomorrow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=18.37,21.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At 12 o'clock in the M Shop, we have a panel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=21.02,23.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is titled The Challenge to Understand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=24.75,27.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that will feature Adrian Bennet,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=27.767,28.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neil Porter, John Long, and Jan 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Islands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=41.23,44.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and our speaker, Mr. Glenn Alcalay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=44.66,46.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"highly recommended, just an added 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Pacific,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=247.78,250.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Korea and Vietnam, and we see trouble in South Korea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=250.56,254.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, we see trouble in the Philippines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=254.98,257.805"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're hearing remnants of discontent in Malaysia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=257.805,261.591"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It will become obvious 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people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=266.92,269.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the very center, the Heartland of America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=269.03,270.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are interested to learn about what's going on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=270.68,274.052"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Pacific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=274.052,274.929"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as a preface, the slides,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=274.929,276.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to read just a few pithy quotes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=277.85,279.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will get your blood boiling,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=280.898,282.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it should.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=282.29,283.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But first, is by our former ambassador to Fiji,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=283.46,287.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a man named William Bode Junior.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=287.02,289.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"William Bode, in 1982,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=289.92,292.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really spelled it out all out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=292.3,294.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as you watch the slides tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=294.34,296.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as you see, the struggle by the indigenous inhabitants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=296.53,300.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Pacific, the Pacific Peoples,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=300.21,302.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as they attempt to demilitarize and denuclearize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=302.39,305.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their region, and after the test of Bikini","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=305.91,308.481"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 50s after the ongoing tests near Tahiti","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=308.481,312.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the French, a little place called Mururoa Atoll","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=312.91,316.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after missile flight testing at Kwajalein","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=316.81,319.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I have some slides to show on 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contagion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=351.63,354.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spreading through the Pacific,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=354.0,355.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this virus, the anti nuclear 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unacceptable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=378.7,380.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the United States, given our strategic needs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=380.93,384.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm convinced that the United States must 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demons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=458.15,461.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well the current demon in the Pacific happens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=461.28,463.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be the Soviet Union, as well as Libya,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=463.28,465.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go to Libya.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=465.4,466.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to read a quote from the current chairman","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=467.26,469.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Joints Chief of Staff, Admiral William Crowe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=469.79,473.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"William Crowe spent four years in Honolulu","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=473.0,475.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as what is known as the CINCPAC commander,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=475.49,478.657"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CINCPAC means chief of naval operations in the Pacific,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=478.657,481.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was a chief in the Naval Pacific Fleet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=481.407,484.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's no coincidence that the joints 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Pacific","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=495.95,497.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Pacific Rim.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=497.82,499.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how many of you know this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=499.48,500.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in 1975, U.S. trade for the first time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=500.8,504.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the Pacific exceeded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=504.83,506.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that over the Atlantic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=506.63,508.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1988, 13 years later, trade across the Pacific","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=508.72,512.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is actually one third larger across the Pacific","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=512.61,516.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than it is across the Atlantic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=516.0,517.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's going to increase in that direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=517.037,519.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, it's no coincidence that Admiral Crowe sits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=519.62,522.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the chair of the joint chiefs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=522.42,524.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is Admiral Crowe in an interview","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=524.26,526.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with U.S. News and World Report, July 26, 1986.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=526.63,530.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is what he says, very candidly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=530.183,533.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One thing I like about Crowe, he does tell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=533.65,534.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it like it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=534.833,536.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is what he says about the quote, Soviet threat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=536.03,539.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He says, the Soviets are in real trouble in the Pacific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=539.44,542.876"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They haven't been able","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=542.876,543.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make much headway ideologically or politically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=543.98,547.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have acquired some shabby allies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=547.38,550.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who's economies are either stagnant or declining.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=550.4,553.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The whole Far East, not just Japan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=553.66,556.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is becoming the most active,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=556.29,557.929"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most prosperous market in the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=557.929,560.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Soviets can't even penetrate it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=560.68,563.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, that's from on high, that's the truth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=563.95,566.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in fact, let's begin with the slides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=566.66,570.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, I'd like to save some time at the end","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=570.19,571.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for some very feisty questions, if possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=571.91,574.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The story really begins at Hiroshima,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=590.88,592.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this was the second atomic explosion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=594.15,596.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first being at Alamogordo,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=596.36,598.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"July 16th, 1945 in New Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=598.02,600.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've all seen these photographs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=606.04,608.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these are the early bombs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=608.18,609.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these atomic bombs are now the triggers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=609.31,611.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that detonate the hydrogen thermonuclear bombs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=611.63,613.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, many of you, of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=621.21,623.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"find it hard to place Micronesia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=623.87,626.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Micronesia is the third Pacific entity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=626.88,629.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after Polynesia, and Melanesia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=629.51,632.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Micronesia is actually north of the Equator,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=632.32,635.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sits on top of the equator.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=635.03,636.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in reality, geographically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=636.38,638.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's technically not South Pacific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=638.32,640.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's actually central, north Pacific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=640.27,642.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Micronesia is an expansive ocean between Hawaii","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=642.6,646.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=646.4,647.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It encompasses an area of ocean about the size of the U.S.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=647.66,651.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About three million square miles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=651.54,653.928"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are 2141 islands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=653.928,658.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just counted them recently in Micronesia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=658.83,661.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are at the moment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=661.93,664.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"168,000 people living in Micronesia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=664.223,666.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these are all U.N. 1988 figures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=666.877,668.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Micronesia, there are several smaller clusters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=669.61,672.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of islands, and actually in our audience tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=672.42,675.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're honored to have a Micronesian citizen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=675.34,677.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our audience, from the island of Pohnpei,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=677.53,681.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the areas of Micronesia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=681.61,683.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is an enlargement of Micronesia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=687.38,690.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the island that most people are familiar with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=691.02,693.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Micronesia, is Guam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=693.24,695.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's actually politically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=695.75,697.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not part of Micronesia, because Guam","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=697.34,699.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has a very different political history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=699.14,700.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We acquired Guam in 1898, with the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=700.81,704.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Puerto Rico, as booty from the Spanish-American war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=704.0,708.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Guam has served U.S. strategic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=708.55,710.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interests very faithfully, most recently in Vietnam,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=710.42,713.841"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sorties, B-52 sorties took off","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=713.841,716.195"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Anderson Air-force Base in Guam,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=716.195,718.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one every three minutes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=718.66,719.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go and bomb South Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=719.84,723.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, Guam has been very useful to the U.S.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=723.09,725.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By the way, Guam is one of the two places in the Pacific","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=725.72,729.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we permanently store nuclear weapons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=729.06,731.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the other is South Korea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=731.68,733.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, Guam bristles with about 500 nuclear weapons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=733.23,736.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Where is it on the map?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=738.059,739.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It's not on that map, unfortunately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=739.59,741.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me point it out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=741.407,743.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"See Guam, is, it's down here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=747.479,749.896"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What about there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=750.872,752.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Falling off the stage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=752.863,754.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, that's a good point, on my next map,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=754.66,758.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll put Guam on it, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=758.23,760.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the end of World War Two, we captured these islands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=761.31,764.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the Japanese,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=764.57,765.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these had been the Japanese mandated islands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=765.403,768.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In '47, we, we assumed administration over these 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agreement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=775.99,777.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we signed, this sentence, these passages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=777.95,780.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are from the document that we signed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=780.65,782.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in February 1947 in San Francisco,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=782.95,785.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with which to administer the 2100 islands of Micronesia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=785.97,790.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's very interesting is that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=790.42,792.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before the ink was dry on these noble sounding words,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=792.83,796.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was in 1946, the year before we signed this document,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=796.54,800.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we initiated two atomic tests at Bikini,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=800.27,803.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Operation Crossroads, some of you saw the film today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=803.27,805.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about Operation Crossroads, so 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Crossroads.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=814.95,817.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Within Micronesia, is another small entity known","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=819.2,822.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the Marshall 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small,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=825.9,827.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that area you see in red is 375,00 square miles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=827.42,832.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's about the size of Texas and New Mexico combined,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=832.02,835.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just to give you some perspective, 41,000 people live there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=835.1,839.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's where Bikini is 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arsenal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=876.207,878.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with 50,000 nuclear warheads,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=878.72,881.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're talking about bombs that have the 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'53.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1163.96,1166.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, the Cold War was at a heightened pace,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1166.61,1169.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"army McCarthy hearings were ongoing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1169.66,1171.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Korean war was coming to an end,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1171.92,1174.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was the height of Cold War, phase 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how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1240.23,1241.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to articulate their complaints","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1241.53,1243.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into really cohesive political 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bomb,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1260.66,1261.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Sakharov bomb, we were getting ready to explode,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1261.493,1265.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the U.S.'s largest bomb.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1265.65,1267.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The bomb you're going to see is our very largest bomb,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1267.79,1270.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's the theme of the 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right,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1335.26,1336.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the top right there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1336.84,1338.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, that's 300 miles from where the bomb was 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people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1345.66,1347.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who were caught in the fallout.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1347.26,1349.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've talked to people in 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berg,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1715.97,1717.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we think a lot of diseases have gone undetected,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1717.32,1720.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they don't really keep active health statistics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1720.32,1722.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and on the other islands, where most of the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1722.69,1725.349"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got the radiation, when people died,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1725.349,1727.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they really don't do a coroners report,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1727.54,1729.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the death certificate will say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1729.39,1731.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he died of a pain in his chest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1731.68,1733.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or he died from coughing and wheezing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1733.48,1736.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in other words, we really don't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1736.19,1737.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have definitive health 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some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1741.42,1742.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these anecdotal stories we're hearing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1742.67,1744.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about jellyfish babies, infertilities, et 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something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1751.53,1752.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that just happened in the 50s, and it's over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1752.93,1754.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's ongoing, the legacy is ongoing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1754.86,1757.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are many cases near Rongelap,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1759.97,1761.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Woodstove, Jollywood, Lithia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1761.92,1763.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the big islands near Bikini and Enewetak,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1763.77,1766.499"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have continuing health 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responsibility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1773.57,1775.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for those, we don't accept those as being radiation induced,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1775.94,1779.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we think 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killed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1785.87,1786.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He drowned actually,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1786.703,1788.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the two french agents stuck lipid mines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1788.24,1791.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the hull underwater in Auckland Harbor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1791.27,1795.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the Rainbow Warrior,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1795.48,1796.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he actually, under, inside the ship, in the cabin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1796.41,1799.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he actually drowned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1799.49,1800.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the Rainbow Warrior, as it's leaving Rongelap","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1803.57,1806.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and evacuating the people, and they're saying goodbye","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1806.39,1808.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to their island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1808.5,1809.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the new island that they were taken","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1811.67,1814.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to in Kwajalein, a little less radioactive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1814.11,1816.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a little bit safer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1816.2,1817.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't really think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1817.5,1819.214"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there are any uncontaminated islands in the Marshalls.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1819.214,1821.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The nature of these thermonuclear weapons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1821.24,1822.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that went up into the stratosphere,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1822.93,1824.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the deposition of high level fallout","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1824.21,1826.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all over the globe, convinces me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1826.6,1827.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that all of the Marshall islands are fairly radioactive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1827.73,1831.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, it's a malapropism to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1831.01,1833.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this is an uncontaminated, or safe island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1833.34,1836.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now again, many of you will think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1840.35,1842.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well jeez, this happened in the 50s, this is history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1842.39,1844.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have to tell you, Kwadjalein,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1844.81,1846.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is one of the most important SDI Star War laboratories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1846.66,1850.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the Pentagon, and we don't know that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1850.9,1852.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're not told that in this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1852.64,1854.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's amazing, I talk to people from West 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countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1858.48,1860.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they've heard about Bikini,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=1860.11,1861.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they know about 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Homing Overlayer Experiment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2192.504,2194.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we actually were able to hit an incoming missile","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2194.06,2196.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with one of these interceptor 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base,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2206.05,2208.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called it, hitting a bullet with a bullet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2208.3,2211.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every so often, one of these incoming 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said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2242.3,2243.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we don't want any Bikinis, or Operation Crossroads,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2243.75,2246.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or any Kwajalein, thank 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subs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2337.29,2341.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you see, when the crew aboard the Trident subs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2341.13,2343.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are out to sea, after 90 days,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2343.97,2346.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they like to come to shore, have a little R and R,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2346.03,2348.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go to the bars, and also do crew exchanges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2348.46,2351.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, that's what they're thinking of using Palau for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2351.94,2354.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is what Palau looks like, these are pristine islands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2357.015,2359.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this is what the Pentagon would like to do with Palau.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2361.791,2364.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know if you know the numbers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2369.5,2370.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Japan, the U.S. has 110 military facilities, in Japan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2370.8,2375.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In South Korea, we have 105 military 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Palau.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2390.267,2394.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The whole point here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2394.38,2395.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the U.S. has a policy called the Maritime Strategy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2395.35,2398.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has to do with forward deployment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2398.25,2400.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the idea is, is to have as many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2400.33,2403.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of our ships and nuclear laden aircraft,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2403.17,2406.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off the Asian mainland,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2406.34,2407.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with which to project U.S. foreign policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2407.93,2410.938"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moreover, to intimidate the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2410.938,2413.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's really the name of the game.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2413.88,2415.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could you imagine having the Soviets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2415.34,2416.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having bases off the California coast,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2416.68,2419.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and could you 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bases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2424.533,2426.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say, 1000 miles off the U.S. coast?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2426.62,2428.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2428.81,2430.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet, we continue to escalate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2430.3,2431.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as I mentioned, as we deescalate in Central 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Pacific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2435.65,2438.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, we turn to Fiji.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2450.838,2451.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Last May, let's see, May 14th of 1987,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2451.97,2455.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a military coupe in Fiji,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2455.93,2457.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a military coupe, absurd!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2457.863,2460.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was the first one in the Pacific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2460.43,2461.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People were 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Fiji.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2467.527,2470.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you haven't been there, you should go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2470.83,2472.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But wait until they restore democracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2472.35,2474.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was in Fiji for two months, I actually taught English","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2476.41,2478.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at a high school, outside of the capital city of Suva.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2478.81,2481.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you know, half the Fijian population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2485.53,2487.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of about 715,000 people, about three quarters of a million","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2487.18,2491.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were brought in by the British 100 years ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2491.2,2493.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to harvest the sugar,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2493.63,2494.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they couldn't get the smart Fijians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2494.81,2497.471"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do it, they said hell no,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2497.471,2498.691"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're not gonna harvest your sugar, you dummies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2498.691,2499.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they brought people from India,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2499.73,2501.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they were so successful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2501.41,2504.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they actually overtook demographically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2504.27,2506.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"population wise, the indigenous populations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2506.74,2509.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, the Indians now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2509.43,2510.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually outnumber the indigenous Fijians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2510.42,2513.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's about 49 percent Indian to about 47%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2513.32,2517.116"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then about 4% other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2517.116,2519.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a Sikh Indian in one of the market 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conference,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2697.63,2699.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/985","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the International Press Club last year in June,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2699.41,2702.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he actually accused the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2702.43,2704.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of tampering in the internal policies in his country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2704.0,2706.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/988","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he asked for an investigation by Congress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2706.64,2709.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/989","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No such investigation was forthcoming,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2709.23,2711.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/990","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but at least he had the guts and the decency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2711.62,2713.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/991","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go right to the belly of the beast","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2713.5,2714.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/992","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and point his finger right at the problem with Washington.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2714.94,2717.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/993","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we move to New Caladonia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2719.49,2721.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/994","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France has a new colony that they call New Caladonia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2721.51,2723.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/995","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they've held onto since 1857.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2723.83,2726.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/996","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is Noumea, the capital city, the port.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2727.82,2730.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/997","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Noumea is now a police state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2733.96,2736.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/998","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's an armed camp, there are now one French soldier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2736.53,2741.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/999","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for every four indigenous inhabitants in New Caledonia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2741.26,2744.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1000","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a very dangerous place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2744.6,2745.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1001","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I spoke with the U.N. four times this year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2745.95,2747.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1002","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on behalf of the indigenous peoples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2747.8,2749.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1003","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to get France to relax its colonialism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2749.56,2752.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1004","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to move away and form a new policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2752.25,2754.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1005","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are the Qanat people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2756.93,2758.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1006","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're Melonesian in stock,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2758.21,2760.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1007","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they've been on this island for about 3,000 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2760.16,2763.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1008","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About 100 years ago, France began importing French citizens,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2763.9,2766.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1009","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the demography,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2766.89,2768.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1010","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've got a slide that breaks down the demographics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2768.48,2771.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1011","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In these islands, demography and land tenure are everything,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2771.18,2774.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1012","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for land is so scarce, land is that important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2774.35,2776.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1013","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mentioned Tahiti, and where the French do nuclear testing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2779.28,2782.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1014","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is an above ground test France conducted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2783.388,2784.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1015","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1965, '66, at Mururoa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2784.32,2788.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1016","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the the Pacific, Pacific Islanders have two enemies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2789.467,2792.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1017","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not the Soviets, it's not the Libyans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2792.62,2795.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1018","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the enemies are the Pentagon and France.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2795.08,2797.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1019","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France is the poriah of the the Pacific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2797.48,2799.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1020","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everything person you talk to in the the Pacific","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2799.82,2801.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1021","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cannot stand the French.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2801.76,2803.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1022","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What they did to Greenpeace ship was just--.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118#t=2803.63,2805.83"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25172/annotation/1023","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/172/original/AV203789_Pacific_Islands_in_the_Nuclear_Age_a.vtt?1620122798","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/172/original/AV203789_Pacific_Islands_in_the_Nuclear_Age_a.vtt?1620122798"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25173","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203789_Pacific_Islands_in_the_Nuclear_Age_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112118/transcript/25173/annotation/1024","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- I'm Shelly Lucas, and I'm a member of The Institute, and I would like to welcome you to tonight's presentation. Before I introduce our speaker, I'd like to tell you about the events, which will conclude our week tomorrow. At 12 o'clock in the M Shop, we have a panel, which is titled The Challenge to Understand, and that will feature Adrian Bennet, Neil Porter, John Long, and Jan Graham, and at 3 o'clock, we have a film in the Pioneer Room, entitled Half Life. This is an award winning ethnographic documentary about the nuclear legacy in the Marshall Islands, and our speaker, Mr. Glenn Alcalay highly recommended, just an added note. Tonight's presentation is a fly lecture presentation, entitled, Pacific Islanders in the Nuclear Age. Glenn Alcalay received his BA in anthropology from the University of California at San Diego in 1974. Between 1975 and 1977, he worked as a peace corps in the Marshall Islands, where he lived on an atoll with victims of U.S. nuclear testing. Glenn has testified numerous times at the U.N. and before Congress on behalf of the Micronesian people. Glenn is currently working on a PHD in medical anthropology at the new School for Social Research in New York City, and will return to the Marshall Islands in January to conduct an infant mortality study to investigate late efforts of radiation injury. Please join me in welcoming Glenn Alcalay.\r\n\r\n- Thank you very much, first I'd like to thank Pat Miller for having read the nation article last year and tracked me down to come to be here in Iowa with you and thank you very much, Pat, for inviting me here. I'd like to thank all the other people from The Institute, Shelly, Michael, and also Victoria, and others, Adrian, Wayne, I see a lot of faces out there. Thank you very much for allowing me to come to the great state of Iowa, just like Brittany Sanders calls Burlington, maybe we have to start calling this The People's Republic of Iowa and defiant to the Bush Legacy. My talk tonight is about all these tiny, tiny, specks of real estate between the West Coast and the Philippines. I'm sure some of you heard the Philippine lecture last night. My job tonight, and I hope I don't fail you, is to try to fill you in on these little specks of dirt, a friend of mine from Fiji refers to them as little mud banks out in the Pacific. And indeed, most Americans, when they think of the Pacific, if they don't think of James Michener novels, or if they don't think of Gauguin, luscious images of sensuous Tahitians lying on the beach making love endlessly while they sip their mai tais, and fan themselves with coconut bronze tans, actually if you see my slide tonight and hear the story, I think it will go a long way to demystifying and debunking some of the mythology that we've all been inundated with. Indeed, the Pacific Islanders today are living in one of the most militarized regions in the world, and as we all look at the reduction of intermediate range missiles, 3% of the world's stockpile in central Europe, and as eyes are fixed on Europe, what we don't hear about is that the Pentagon is continuing to place Tomahawk cruise missiles on our NAVY ships in the Pacific, deploying without the consent of our allies. That is, we deploy them, we inform of our deployments later. So, while the arms race is being a bit reduced in central Europe, it is simultaneously being escalated in the Pacific. And if one thinks about our Cold War history, we have fought several wars in the Pacific, from Korea and Vietnam, and we see trouble in South Korea, for example, we see trouble in the Philippines, we're hearing remnants of discontent in Malaysia. It will become obvious that this heretofore overlooked place really deserves a lot of attention and I'm ecstatic that people in the very center, the Heartland of America are interested to learn about what's going on in the Pacific. And as a preface, the slides, I'd like to read just a few pithy quotes that will get your blood boiling, as it should. But first, is by our former ambassador to Fiji, a man named William Bode Junior. William Bode, in 1982, really spelled it out all out, and as you watch the slides tonight, and as you see, the struggle by the indigenous inhabitants of the Pacific, the Pacific Peoples, as they attempt to demilitarize and denuclearize their region, and after the test of Bikini in the 50s after the ongoing tests near Tahiti by the French, a little place called Mururoa Atoll after missile flight testing at Kwajalein and I have some slides to show on that, you can understand that the Pacific peoples, who were still basically reeling from World War Two, in fact the war claims have still not been paid in full to the People of Micronesia from the damages that they were forced to suffer by being caught in the cross hairs between the Japanese and the American battles in World War Two, indeed, Pacific Islanders know all too well about war, and they don't want to buy into the Third World War, and what we see happening is what the Pentagon refers to as a contagion, spreading through the Pacific, this virus, the anti nuclear virus, this is William Bode Junior in 1982, after having been in Fiji, where the birth of this movement really started in 1975, this is William Bode, and I quote, the most potentially destructive development for U.S. relations in the South Pacific is the growing anti nuclear movements in the region, a nuclear free zone would be unacceptable to the United States, given our strategic needs, and I'm convinced that the United States must do everything possible to counter this movement. So therein, in a paragraph, lies U.S. foreign policy, as policy makers in the State Department Foggy Bottom, and in the Pentagon, look at their maps of The Pacific, this is a thing that makes them lose sleep at night, this anti nuclear movement, and it's one of the greatest testaments to human achievements, when one goes to small islands that on most people's maps, when they pull up their world atlases, these islands, many of them don't even appear on their maps, that these people have the courage and the audacity, and the irreverence to form this anti nuclear movement and it's growing, that is, they're on the side of history, just like the rest of the world that is pushing to denuclearize and demilitarize. That's the first pithy quote. The second is that from the Pentagon's point of view, and our course, it's their business to demonize our adversaries, last year it was the Soviet Union, 20 years ago it was the People's Republic of China, 10 years from now, who knows who our adversary will be? Doesn't matter, as long as we have an adversary, because, in order to get $300 billion out of the U.S. tax payers, and put it into these weapons systems, we need demons, well the current demon in the Pacific happens to be the Soviet Union, as well as Libya, go to Libya. I'd like to read a quote from the current chairman of the Joints Chief of Staff, Admiral William Crowe. William Crowe spent four years in Honolulu as what is known as the CINCPAC commander, CINCPAC means chief of naval operations in the Pacific, he was a chief in the Naval Pacific Fleet. And it's no coincidence that the joints chiefs of staff chose a former admiral from the Pacific to be their chair, because that tells you about the center of gravity that has now shifted from the Atlantic over to the Pacific in the Pacific Rim. I don't know how many of you know this, but in 1975, U.S. trade for the first time over the Pacific exceeded that over the Atlantic. In 1988, 13 years later, trade across the Pacific is actually one third larger across the Pacific than it is across the Atlantic, and it's going to increase in that direction. So, it's no coincidence that Admiral Crowe sits as the chair of the joint chiefs. This is Admiral Crowe in an interview with U.S. News and World Report, July 26, 1986. This is what he says, very candidly. One thing I like about Crowe, he does tell it like it is. This is what he says about the quote, Soviet threat. He says, the Soviets are in real trouble in the Pacific. They haven't been able to make much headway ideologically or politically. They have acquired some shabby allies, who's economies are either stagnant or declining. The whole Far East, not just Japan, is becoming the most active, the most prosperous market in the world, and the Soviets can't even penetrate it. So, that's from on high, that's the truth. So in fact, let's begin with the slides. And, I'd like to save some time at the end for some very feisty questions, if possible. The story really begins at Hiroshima, and this was the second atomic explosion, the first being at Alamogordo, July 16th, 1945 in New Mexico. We've all seen these photographs, these are the early bombs, these atomic bombs are now the triggers that detonate the hydrogen thermonuclear bombs. Now, many of you, of course, find it hard to place Micronesia. Micronesia is the third Pacific entity after Polynesia, and Melanesia. And Micronesia is actually north of the Equator, sits on top of the equator. So in reality, geographically, it's technically not South Pacific. It's actually central, north Pacific. Micronesia is an expansive ocean between Hawaii and the Philippines. It encompasses an area of ocean about the size of the U.S. About three million square miles. There are 2141 islands, I just counted them recently in Micronesia. There are at the moment, 168,000 people living in Micronesia, these are all U.N. 1988 figures. In Micronesia, there are several smaller clusters of islands, and actually in our audience tonight, we're honored to have a Micronesian citizen in our audience, from the island of Pohnpei, one of the areas of Micronesia. This is an enlargement of Micronesia, the island that most people are familiar with in Micronesia, is Guam. But it's actually politically, not part of Micronesia, because Guam has a very different political history. We acquired Guam in 1898, with the Philippines and Puerto Rico, as booty from the Spanish-American war, and Guam has served U.S. strategic interests very faithfully, most recently in Vietnam, sorties, B-52 sorties took off from Anderson Air-force Base in Guam, one every three minutes, to go and bomb South Vietnam. So, Guam has been very useful to the U.S. By the way, Guam is one of the two places in the Pacific where we permanently store nuclear weapons, the other is South Korea. So, Guam bristles with about 500 nuclear weapons.\r\n\r\n- Where is it on the map?\r\n\r\n- It's not on that map, unfortunately. Let me point it out. See Guam, is, it's down here.\r\n\r\n- What about there?\r\n\r\n- Falling off the stage. Okay, that's a good point, on my next map, I'll put Guam on it, thank you. At the end of World War Two, we captured these islands from the Japanese, these had been the Japanese mandated islands. In '47, we, we assumed administration over these islands under the United Nations mandates. Something called the trust agreement, that we signed, this sentence, these passages are from the document that we signed in February 1947 in San Francisco, with which to administer the 2100 islands of Micronesia. What's very interesting is that, before the ink was dry on these noble sounding words, it was in 1946, the year before we signed this document, that we initiated two atomic tests at Bikini, Operation Crossroads, some of you saw the film today about Operation Crossroads, so indeed, the next year, when we signed the document, we had already violated not just the letter, but the spirit of this document that we signed the year after Operation Crossroads. Within Micronesia, is another small entity known as the Marshall Islands. You see it outlined in red here, actually not so small, that area you see in red is 375,00 square miles, it's about the size of Texas and New Mexico combined, just to give you some perspective, 41,000 people live there, and that's where Bikini is located, where we detonated the atomic bombs. These are the Marshall Islands, you can see at the top on the bold letters, Bikini and Enewetak, those are the nuclear test sites. I lived on an island, an atoll, 300 miles to the east of Bikini, over there in the corner called Utirik, and that would become important later in the talk when I explain that 300 miles down in the Bikini, the people received heavy doses of fallout that are continuing to plague their health and their environment, 34 years after the bomb went off, 300 miles away. So what we're talking about now in the world arsenal with 50,000 nuclear warheads, we're talking about bombs that have the potential to seriously injure people, three, 400 miles downwind. This is the top of a coral atoll, if we could take the water away, what you would see would be a submerged, extinct, volcano. And, over the eons, little coral polyps have formed on the rim of the volcano, and encompassing the rim is the lagoon. There's a very steep drop off this part of the ocean is probably the deepest part of the ocean, in fact, the Marianas Trench, which is near Guam, in the Marianas Islands, is the deepest part of the ocean, in the world, so it's very deep ocean, and yet, in the middle of the lagoon there, it's about 100 feet deep, because that equates with the crater, if you can imagine the cutaway of a volcano, that is the crater of the volcano, so, the lagoon is relatively shallow. And that's where the people derive their livelihood from with their outrigger canoes, that's where they catch their fish from. This is the island I lived on, Utirik, for 27 months, as a Peace Corps volunteer, I helped with the agriculture departments, setting up a consumers co-op, and helping increase coconut production, which is their main cash crop, copra, dried coconut meat. The story starts in 1946, February. This is the commodore, who came to Bikini, under orders from the state department of the Pentagon, to tell the people of Bikini that the War Department in the NAVY had declared Bikini the site for atomic testing. Now, you must recall that, between 1945 and 1949, the U.S. had a monopoly on atomic weaponry. The Soviets exploded their first bomb, Little Joe, a small atomic bomb, in September '49. This was '46, we had a monopoly and the U.S. was keen to pursue its monopoly. And we had to, unfortunately use a few people as expendables, and it was these people, the people of Bikini, who, 40 years later, have still not been able to return home. They're still called the nomads of the Pacific, wondering around, schlepping around the Pacific, looking for their home. And Congress is poised to spend about $100 million to try to clean up their indigenous homeland. So, that's what's brewing with these people. They were taken off their island. By the way, they've been on the island for about 3500 years. They've done some archeological carbon 14 dates at Bikini recently, they found the remains of a human settlement, a village, and human bone fragments and they dated them back to something like 1900 B.C. So, almost 4000 years ago is when the people of Bikini arrived at their homeland. And within three weeks of being told by the commodore that they had to skedaddle, they were taken off. And a few weeks after that, the Operation Crossroads series of tests commence, this the baker, the second one, the underwater shot. This was to test the effects of using nuclear weapons in a naval engagement at sea against an adversarial naval, naval fleet, that's what the idea was here, and, indeed, the radioactive mist that mixed with the seawater and engulfed all of these ships, there were 72 ships there, these were mothball target ships from World War Two, all of them became highly radioactive from that mist, and what they learned was that these bombs were so powerful that they just wouldn't be useful out at sea. Now, the similar story occurred with the people of Enewetak, because after '46, those bombs you just saw, there were two of them, Bikini became so radioactive, so hot, that the Pentagon declared it unsafe, and they had to search for another test site. They found Enewetak, coincidentally there happened to have been people living there, like their brethren of Bikini, they took them off their island, they're still looking for their homeland, and the U.S. continued to test nuclear weapons, now as I mentioned, '49 was when the Soviets had their first atomic bomb, '52 is when Edward Teller succeeded with this bomb, which you're looking at, this is our first hydrogen bomb, this was exploded at Enewetak in late 1952. This bomb, just to give you a scale, the Hiroshima bomb was 12.5 kilotons in size, the bomb previous to this you saw, that underwater bomb was 21 kilotons in size. This bomb you're looking at was 10.5 megatons, orders of magnitudes larger in size. This was the first successful explosion of a hydrogen bomb, thermonuclear bomb. Now, the next year, the Soviets exploded their first bomb, their Sakharov bomb in '53. In other words, the Cold War was at a heightened pace, army McCarthy hearings were ongoing, the Korean war was coming to an end, it was the height of Cold War, phase one, I would say the last eight years were Cold War phase two. But, that's the nature of the beast, one has to get the historical moment in order to put this all into a better perspective. These are sailors you see in the foreground, witnessing that bomb you just saw, 10.5 megatons, monster bomb, these guys are about 10 miles away. Little do they know that they're being bombarded by gamma and neutrons and little did they know that 30, 40 years later, that they're going to develop some very serious health effects with which the government is going to ignore them and underplay it and cover it up. And I worked in Washington for three years, as a lobbyist, with these what are called atomic veterans, trying to educate Congress about their plight, and about radiation latent disease, and it was pretty, pretty awful, during the Reagan years, to try to do that, but many of these men were just totally confused, ideologically, they were very conservative, many of them voted for Reagan. They'd probably work for Bush. And yet, they were very angry at the Veterans Administration for ignoring them, and they just haven't yet figured out how to break the cycle and how to articulate their complaints into really cohesive political action. That was our job, to try to educate and politicize these guys, and get 'em angry. Get 'em out there, and get some compensation. So, we're still working on that. In 1954, the year after the Soviets exploded their first hydrogen bomb, the Sakharov bomb, we were getting ready to explode, the U.S.'s largest bomb. The bomb you're going to see is our very largest bomb, and it's the theme of the film that I hope some of you will see tomorrow, called Half Life. This bomb was called Bravo, quite ironic name, and this bomb had a yield of 17 megatons. That is about 1500 Hiroshimas. That's what we're talking about, 1500 Hiroshima bombs. The top of this mushroom cloud is 22 miles into the stratosphere. 22 miles, you know, like 150,000 feet. And when it broke up with high velocity winds, it actually began encircling the globe, just as the fallout from Chernobyl came over North America, even. This bomb actually had fallout, strontium and cesium, in particular. Three years later, in 1957, there was a joint congressional hearing on the atomic energy commission, and the meteorologist for the AEC, actually said that from this one particular bomb, we were still getting fallout of strontium from this bomb, three years later. And we have 50,000 of these babies now. This is where some of the fallout went. You see Utirik, way in the right, in the top right there. Now, that's 300 miles from where the bomb was detonated. And we still really still don't have an accurate picture of what all happened to these people who were caught in the fallout. I've talked to people in Washington, I've talked to colonels, and admirals, and when I was in Washington, from the Pentagon. And I've asked them, how is it you can justify what we did to these people? And they say, oh, it's simple, the evils of world communism are so dangerous, that if we have to sacrifice a few of these populations out there, so be it, U.S. national security interests are such that we must make sacrifices, and that's the exact feeling they have towards people in downwind, in downstate Utah, St. George Utah, Cedar City, Utah, who have been victimized by the Nevada test site, similarly. It's irony, that as we all now read about our bomb factories around the country, of which there are many, and we read about intentional releases at Hanford in 1950s of a half a million curies of I-131, iodine 131. Into the downwind population, intentional releases, that we find that this thing has a a history bigger than we ever thought and we have actually exposed millions of American to radiation, because of national security. It's one of the grand ironies in the Cold War, that we have used radiation, nuclear weapons, against our own people to fight Communism. Now, the bomb that was detonated in '54, Bravo, caused many islanders to receive heavy fallout, Rongelap was closest to the bomb, they were 100 miles away. These men from the economic energy commission, these are radiation safety men, came to Rongelap and started taking measurements with diverse counties, you see, he's measuring the baby, how much radiation. And then, the people were told to evacuate. 40 days later, they began manifesting the secondary effects of radiation, the first effects, the primary effect were nausea, loss of appetite, fatigue, blood cell counts were reduced by about 50%, which meant the people were very susceptible to ordinary infections that ordinarily their immune system would've responded to. This, what you're looking at, is called a beta burn. These are beta particles in a fallout that actually landed on the necks, and caused many severe burns. These are beta burns. This is epilation, this happened in Japan as a result of the atomic bombs. This is where the hair on the head falls out. It's ironic when one reads the U.N. trust agreement, there's a part in there, it's actually article six, and it says the U.S. pledges to protect the health of the inhabitants of the trust territory. This is a whole body counter, actually can measure, cesium, strontium, plutonium. This is from a Japanese school text book. And the reason that the Japanese are interested in this bomb, and these boys here are martial leads on Rongelap, who were hit with fallout, is that in 1954, I'm sure some of you remember, a Japanese fishing boat, called the Lucky Dragon, was 60 miles from Bikini, they received the highest level of fallout, they went back to Japan, within 6 months, the radio operator died, within another couple of years, half the crew died, and in Japan, the furor that was caused was magnificent and vociferous, and at the United Nations, the Japanese ambassador lambasted the U.S., and what he said was, you Americans have nuked us now for the third time. First at Hiroshima, then at Nagasaki, and now at the Lucky Dragon at Bikini. This was taken by, this was taken by the Greenpeace photographer, who died when the French agents blew up the Rainbow Warrior, in 1985. I had the good fortune to be asked to come along for the first leg of that trip, and I spent a month on the Rainbow Warrior in the summer of 1985, because what we didn't hear in this country, because of the total news blackout, we were not supposed to hear this, that, we did hear after the ship was bombed, and we heard that it was on it's way to protest French testing near Tahiti, we heard that part of the story. What we didn't hear was the first part of the story, was that for two months, the Greenpeace ship was evacuating the people of Rongelap, who requested a ship to come and take them off their islands, because of the ongoing health, adverse health effects, and their perception that Rongelap is not a safe place to live. Therefore, they asked Greenpeace to come, and Greenpeace's interest was to do a two phase campaign, one to evacuate victims, past victims of U.S. nuclear testing and then go on to Mururoa, near Tahiti and French Polynesia, and to protest ongoing nuclear tests, and to make the one, two, punch, and to make the connection between past and present victims of nuclear testing. So that part of the story never got picked up in our press. But because I speak Marshallese, and have been doing the studies on these people for 14 years, I was asked to come along and interview the people as they were being evacuated, and to put these into a report, which I have put together. So, this woman is showing you her health card from Brookhaven National Laboratory, one of our national laboratories that sells radiation, I would say, just Livermoore in Oakridge, and Los Alamos, and all the rest, it's one of those. You can see through the post down her neck, a very long scar, a vertical scar, that's where she has had her thyroid gland taken out, there's an epidemic of thyroid disease, because iodine 131, a long time ago, when they inhaled it and ingested it from the fallout back in 1954, it went directly into the thyroid gland, which has a tendency to absorb iodine, something like 5000 times more efficiently than any other part of the body, like a vacuum cleaner, and it's there that it sat and caused a tumor, and eventual malignant cancer, and there is an epidemic of thyroid disease, but that's just the tip of the berg, because we think a lot of diseases have gone undetected, because they don't really keep active health statistics, and on the other islands, where most of the people got the radiation, when people died, they really don't do a coroners report, and the death certificate will say, he died of a pain in his chest, or he died from coughing and wheezing. So in other words, we really don't have definitive health statistics, that's why I'm going out in January, to try to track down some of these anecdotal stories we're hearing about jellyfish babies, infertilities, et cetera. This was taken a few years ago, just to let you know, this is not something that just happened in the 50s, and it's over. It's ongoing, the legacy is ongoing. There are many cases near Rongelap, Woodstove, Jollywood, Lithia, all the big islands near Bikini and Enewetak, have continuing health problems. The U.S. denies it, they say that no, we acknowledge that thyroid disease is an effective radiation, but those other diseases, we're not taking responsibility for those, we don't accept those as being radiation induced, but we think otherwise. This photo was taken by the Greenpeace photographer who was killed. He drowned actually, when the two french agents stuck lipid mines on the hull underwater in Auckland Harbor at the Rainbow Warrior, he actually, under, inside the ship, in the cabin, he actually drowned. This is the Rainbow Warrior, as it's leaving Rongelap and evacuating the people, and they're saying goodbye to their island. This is the new island that they were taken to in Kwajalein, a little less radioactive, and a little bit safer. I don't really think that there are any uncontaminated islands in the Marshalls. The nature of these thermonuclear weapons that went up into the stratosphere, and the deposition of high level fallout all over the globe, convinces me that all of the Marshall islands are fairly radioactive. So, it's a malapropism to say that this is an uncontaminated, or safe island. Now again, many of you will think, well jeez, this happened in the 50s, this is history. I have to tell you, Kwadjalein, is one of the most important SDI Star War laboratories for the Pentagon, and we don't know that, we're not told that in this country. It's amazing, I talk to people from West Germany, I talk to people from Holland, I talk to people from African countries, and they've heard about Bikini, and they know about Kwajalein. Americans don't know anything about these islands. And it's not an accident, it's not an oversight. In fact, until 1963, western journalists were not allowed into Micronesia, it was off limits, it was called the strategic trust, and the U.S. meant that. They didn't want any busybodies snooping around in Micronesia. Kwajalein is the largest lagoon in the world, it's the largest atoll. Since 1959, 1960, we have been actually testing pieces of defensive weaponry. It started out with the Nike system, Nike Zeus, and then the safeguard system, all the way to the papacy we now have of SDI, and in fact, they're testing some very important part of SDI Star Wars at Kwajalein. We also have been using Kwajalein to test lite missiles, the inertia guidance systems of missiles. In fact, most of the data we have about missile accuracy, warhead accuracy, which, in the 1980s, as we move into the 1990s, is the cutting edge of the arms race, it's not so much, how much throw weight you have. So, when the pundits, the news pundits tell us that the Soviet arsenal is bigger, because their warheads are bigger, they have bigger throw weight, that has nothing to do with the reality of destroying the other country, because the real technological edge has to do with accuracy. Yes, the Soviet warheads are bigger, but they're also dumber, and they're not going to reach their targets as accurately as the U.S. missiles are. And the reason is, because of all the data that we've collected over the years at Kwajalein. What we've been doing is firing missiles from Vandenberg, near Reagan's ranch near Santa Barbara in Lompoc, California. We've been firing rockets and lobbing them into the Kwajalein lagoon, they fly 4200 miles from the West Coast, into Kwajalein, over the Hawaiian islands. They enter a sub orbit, they reenter the Earth's atmosphere, and by the way, we have to take people off of Kwajalein, in order the facilitate this round of the arms race. So, we've been moving people around as if they were cattle. And really, in the minds of the state department, I actually heard somebody in the state department say, you know, those Islands out there, they're as alike as two Idaho potatoes, why are these people complaining when we move them off their island? I mean that's really the mindset, that's the ignorance level that we're dealing with. Now, this is the island of Ebeye, Wheaton, our Micronesian friend, has actually been to Ebeye, I've been to Ebeye. Memorable experience, huh, Wheaton? This is called the ghetto of the Pacific, there are 10,000 human beings living on 66 acres, on a desert island, basically, very few trees. This is where the Marshallese live, and they produce, they have a 500 strong labor force, they have the lowest echelon physicians at the U.S. military base at Kwajalein, so they're a cheap labor pool. And, of those 500 workers, the other 9,500 live off of the incomes of the 500, that's what you see here. These are the conditions that the Marshallese on Ebeye are forced to live in, these are outhouses, or benjos they call them. Here reminds you of San Juan, Puerto Rico, it reminds you of even, parts of Harlem, near where I live, in Manhattan. This is the warning area, the impact, missile impact area, as they call it. Now, I don't know if you knew this, but we have 2 billion, $2 billion worth of the most sophisticated radar systems at Kwajalein, and, you're looking at some of them. Our tax dollars at work. Now, you see on the right, that is where the Americans live. Those are the compounds where the Americans live. They have bowling allies, golf courses, swimming pools, tennis courts, air conditioned buildings, they even have a Macy's West, on Kwajalein, for the 3,000 Americans, who live on an island 10 times as big as the island where 10,000 Marshallese huddled together in those shanty, shanty buildings. You're looking at some of our $2 billion in tax money that tracks missiles as they're fired from Vandenberg, as well as submarines, our SLBMs, submarine launch ballistic missiles. Also, every so often, there'll be a sub, say, at the tip of South America, and they want to test, say the Trident 2, D5. So, what they'll do, is they'll fire it into Kwajalein, and then these missiles, these radar systems, track it in, and they actually can pinpoint where it's going to land, now, within about 50 feet. They have at erm, CET, circular error probable, which has to do with accuracy. So, Kwajalein has been extremely important on that cutting edge of the arms race, missile accuracy, in recent years, we've also used it for ASAP, anti satellite warfare, and now with SDI, the new round of SDI, they're beefing up Kwajalein, they're bringing 2,500 more Americans, and they're investing another $500 million into Kwajalein in the next five years. So, what happens is, a missile is fired from Vandenberg, it's coming into its sub orbit, it's reentering the Earth's atmosphere, over the Kwajalein lagoon, this is an island called Roi Namur Kwajalein. And this missile is going up into outer space, where it's going to intercept that incoming ICBM, fired from 4,200 miles away, and the first successful shot actually occurs in 1961, and, the most recent, very interesting shot was in 1985, it was known as the H.O.E. Homing Overlayer Experiment. And we actually were able to hit an incoming missile with one of these interceptor missiles, and the Air Force in Huntsfield, Alabama, which is actually where the home base is for this missile test site, the commander of Huntsville, the air force base, called it, hitting a bullet with a bullet. Every so often, one of these incoming missiles gets away from them, and it actually comes quite close to people, you can see the people there in the foreground. These things come screaming back into the lagoon about 6,000 miles an hour, and this is what we're doing in the Pacific, and it really flies in the face with the Gauguin images, doesn't it? Now, some of you have heard about Palau, Palau's part of Micronesia. Palau learned the lesson from their brethren over in the Marshalls when they said, we don't want any Bikinis, or Operation Crossroads, or any Kwajalein, thank you, we would like to remain out of World War Three war planning, and in 1979, the 14,000 people of Palau, that's all, it's 600 miles from the Philippines, and that's important, the 14,000 people said, let's make the world's first anti nuclear constitution, and indeed, they did. And since then, the U.S. Pentagon, which has other plans for the area, has forced the people of Palau, to go back and vote, and vote, and vote again, and they have voted 10 times, since 1979, in these pleather sites, we call them demonstrational elections. To try to get the people to rescind, and overturn their own anti nuclear constitution. We've actually gone to court, we've had lawyers from the Center for Constitutional Rights defend these people in New York court rooms, and today, Palau is still anti nuclear, they're still winning. But, they're having another election this month. This is what the Pentagon would like to do at Palau, under something called the Compact of the Association, that is annexation, it's neocolonialism, but they call it the Compact. They have designated about a third of Palau for jungle warfare training, because we got kicked out of Panama, we used to have a base in Panama, where we used to do jungle warfare training. They would like to use the air fields for F1-11's to come, nuclear laden aircraft. And, also, they would like to use the nice harbor in Palau for a staging area, and a forward base for the Trident subs, because you see, when the crew aboard the Trident subs are out to sea, after 90 days, they like to come to shore, have a little R and R, go to the bars, and also do crew exchanges. So, that's what they're thinking of using Palau for. This is what Palau looks like, these are pristine islands. But this is what the Pentagon would like to do with Palau. I don't know if you know the numbers, in Japan, the U.S. has 110 military facilities, in Japan. In South Korea, we have 105 military facilities. In Guam, I mentioned we have 500 nuclear weapons, we have Anderson Air Force base, which takes one third of the Island of Guam, if that wasn't enough, the U.S. would like to expand their presence to Palau. The whole point here, is that the U.S. has a policy called the Maritime Strategy, which has to do with forward deployment. And the idea is, is to have as many of our ships and nuclear laden aircraft, off the Asian mainland, with which to project U.S. foreign policy, moreover, to intimidate the Soviet Union, that's really the name of the game. Could you imagine having the Soviets having bases off the California coast, and could you imagine, could you see Washington countenancing that the Soviet Union would have bases, say, 1000 miles off the U.S. coast? No way. And yet, we continue to escalate, and as I mentioned, as we deescalate in Central Europe, keep your eye on the ball, and the ball is Tomahawk cruise missiles in the Pacific. Now, we turn to Fiji. Last May, let's see, May 14th of 1987, there was a military coupe in Fiji, a military coupe, absurd! It was the first one in the Pacific. People were astounded. There was actually no accident, it was just some flavor, to put you in the mood for Fiji. And if you haven't been there, you should go. But wait until they restore democracy. I was in Fiji for two months, I actually taught English at a high school, outside of the capital city of Suva. As you know, half the Fijian population of about 715,000 people, about three quarters of a million were brought in by the British 100 years ago to harvest the sugar, because they couldn't get the smart Fijians to do it, they said hell no, we're not gonna harvest your sugar, you dummies, so they brought people from India, and they were so successful that they actually overtook demographically, population wise, the indigenous populations. So, the Indians now, actually outnumber the indigenous Fijians, it's about 49 percent Indian to about 47%, and then about 4% other. This is a Sikh Indian in one of the market places. This is the Royal Fiji Military. Fiji became independent in 1970, from Great Britain. And when Doctor Timothy Vivandra, a labor party president, became president, became the prime minister of Fiji last year in a national election, he declared that Fiji would emulate the New Zealand model, and declare its ports off limits to warships. Not just American warships, but French warships, and Soviet warships, and anybody's warships. They too, were catching on to this wave that's going across the Pacific, it's anti nuclear and independent spirit. So, the new prime minister received, after two weeks in office, a visit from R. Vernon Walters, ambassador to the U.N. Now, some of you may know the history of this man, Vernon Walters was in Iran about a month before Dr. Mosaddegh was democratically elected as president of Iran in 1953. Vernon Walters was in that country about two weeks, three weeks before the coupe, that installed the Shah, who stayed in power 'til '79. Vernon Walters happened to have been in Guatemala during the time when Arbenz was taken out of Guatemala, because he threatened to nationalize and to implement land reform, and basically not let United Fruits take over the country. Vernon Walters was in Brazil when a similar coupe occurred in 1964, and for those of us who follow these things, we refer to Vernon Walters as Typhoid Mary, where Vernon Walters goes, coupes will follow. Coincidentally, 2 weeks after Dr. Vivandra was elected, and announced this very controversial nuclear, anti nuclear policy for Fiji, and I read you the quote from William Bode in 1982, and that tells you where Washington is at on this. Vernon Walters paid a timely visit to Fiji. He met with a foreign minister, Krisha Datt. He said Krisha, you've got to get rid of that anti nuclear policy, we can't stomach it, we're not gonna allow it. Two weeks later, a coupe occurred in Fiji. This is where the governor general lives, outside of Suva. This is the former prime minister, who is now the new prime minister, he was reinstalled when he was defeated last year in a democratic election, and a military regime needing a civilian face puppet puts this man back in power, this is Ratu Mara. This is the coupe maker, this man had been brigadier colonel, excuse me, he had been a lieutenant colonel. This is Rabuka, Colonel Rabuka, he since has elevated himself to brigadier general, given himself a pay raise. This is Dr. Timothy Devendra, who came to Washington, I helped arrange a press conference, from the International Press Club last year in June, and he actually accused the United States of tampering in the internal policies in his country, and he asked for an investigation by Congress. No such investigation was forthcoming, but at least he had the guts and the decency to go right to the belly of the beast and point his finger right at the problem with Washington. Now we move to New Caladonia. France has a new colony that they call New Caladonia, that they've held onto since 1857. This is Noumea, the capital city, the port. Noumea is now a police state. It's an armed camp, there are now one French soldier for every four indigenous inhabitants in New Caledonia. It's a very dangerous place. I spoke with the U.N. four times this year on behalf of the indigenous peoples to try to get France to relax its colonialism to move away and form a new policy. These are the Qanat people, they're Melonesian in stock, and they've been on this island for about 3,000 years. About 100 years ago, France began importing French citizens, and the demography, I've got a slide that breaks down the demographics. In these islands, demography and land tenure are everything, for land is so scarce, land is that important. I mentioned Tahiti, and where the French do nuclear testing. This is an above ground test France conducted in 1965, '66, at Mururoa. In the the Pacific, Pacific Islanders have two enemies. It's not the Soviets, it's not the Libyans, the enemies are the Pentagon and France. France is the poriah of the the Pacific. Everything person you talk to in the the Pacific cannot stand the French. 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reserves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=19.86,22.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And all of this money then is siphoned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=22.25,24.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off back to metropolitan power in Paris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=24.61,27.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's lucrative financially for France","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=27.7,30.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also militarily because they're going to 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submarine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=34.63,36.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as the new Jaguar nuclear laden bombers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=36.39,39.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're going to expand the international 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They've had enough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=166.0,168.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're still wrecked from World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=168.41,170.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't want to buy into World War 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independent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=174.33,176.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we see the rise of what is called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=177.85,179.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the NFIP.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=179.94,181.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nuclear Free and Independent Pacific Movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=181.37,184.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in my mind is the healthiest thing I've seen in years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=184.46,187.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's so exciting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=187.74,189.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's on the right side of history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=189.02,190.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the historical wave is moving in that direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=190.42,193.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as William Bode said in '82,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=193.07,194.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's the greatest threat to the Pentagon in the Pacific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=194.703,197.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pacific Islanders are getting 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London.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=206.42,209.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're mingling internationally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=209.76,211.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's a very exciting movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=211.95,213.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this is the conclusion of the slide show.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=218.357,220.716"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can we have the lights please?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=220.716,222.216"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now after the nice graphics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=228.94,230.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to open it up for questions please.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=230.72,233.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Back here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=239.46,240.845"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct question from the audience)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=240.845,245.512"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a common commonly asked question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=249.595,252.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I spent 27 months on a radioactive island","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=252.34,255.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eating local foods, drinking local water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=255.15,257.735"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the reality is it takes under the latency period,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=257.735,261.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we're learning from the Marshall Islanders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=261.67,263.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we're learning from Japan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=263.06,264.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's how many years now from Hiroshima, 42 years, 43 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=264.97,269.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And still we have not seen the top of the curve,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=269.59,272.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even in Hiroshima.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=272.03,273.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For the people in the Marshalls, the curve is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=273.23,275.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still going up for the thyroid effect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=275.12,277.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the latent effects we're finding may take as long","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=277.44,280.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as 50, 60 years, not just 20 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=280.07,282.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Personally, I'm really not that 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Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=301.79,303.635"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct question from the audience)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=303.635,308.302"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm glad you asked, and I forgot to mention that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=318.428,320.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since the U.S. took over these islands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=320.52,323.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I should tell you in the twenties and 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sugar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=334.4,335.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had pandanus, breadfruit was actually exported,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=335.83,340.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as fish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=340.26,341.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since the U.S. grabbed hold of the islands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=341.84,344.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'd like to read a 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Micronesia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=348.66,351.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extremely dependent on the U.S. because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=351.35,354.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when this UN agreement ran out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=354.12,356.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the post-trusteeship period occurred,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=356.02,358.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States wanted to have the people of Micronesia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=358.46,360.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right in the palm of their hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=360.69,362.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the best way to do that is economic 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Washington,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=369.21,370.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from annual congressional appropriations, more than 90%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=370.89,374.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there is no real indigenous 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there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=387.41,391.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we now have people sitting on islands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=391.69,394.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with fish all around them, breadfruit, taro, pandanus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=394.14,397.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eating out of cans that say USDA on them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=397.76,401.205"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they actually prefer that for 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Americans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=406.15,408.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in reservations here have high incidence rates of diabetes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=408.91,412.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in Micronesia, we have one of the highest rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=412.73,414.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of diabetes as a result of the radical change in diet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=414.54,417.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the policy that caused most of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=418.49,420.852"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This happened in 1962.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=420.852,423.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got this document through the Freedom of Information 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it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=433.75,436.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a policy called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=436.43,438.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Security Action Memorandum 145, NSAM 145.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=438.833,441.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of the greatest things I love doing is going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=443.184,445.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the United Nations, blasting the U.S.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=445.95,448.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for their violation of the UN agreement, and putting things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=448.29,450.582"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like this into the record and getting this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=450.582,453.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the international community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=453.02,454.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passing these things around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=454.35,455.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this is NSAM 145 dated April, 1962.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=455.89,459.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Subject: new policy for the U.S. trust territory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=459.92,462.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Pacific Islands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=462.25,463.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I won't bore you with the whole thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=463.56,464.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but here it is in a nutshell.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=464.84,466.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is President Kennedy who signed this, by the 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before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=473.292,475.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he signed this document.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=475.25,476.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in that speech, which was his 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witness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=480.0,482.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it will be a participant in the great process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=482.87,485.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of decolonization taking place everywhere","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=485.69,488.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the world, meaning Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=488.38,490.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So he said this great beautiful speech.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=490.36,492.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everyone applauded him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=492.71,493.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next month, he put his pen to NSAM 145,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=493.543,497.721"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is what it says.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=497.721,499.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Accordingly, I have concluded that it 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set.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=516.77,520.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's when we started infusing large sums","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=520.07,522.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of capital into Micronesia, not to develop the economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=522.75,525.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or their tuna industry, which is the natural resource there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=525.7,529.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you really intended to help these people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=529.803,531.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beginning in 1945, they could have helped to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=531.9,534.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"develop fisheries, canneries, persainers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=534.653,537.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and go after the tuna,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=537.09,538.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and let the people become economically independent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=538.47,540.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because as you know, you can't become independent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=540.72,542.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unless you're economically independent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=542.4,544.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So rather than do that, the U.S. had this conscious policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=544.3,547.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of driving them into extreme dependency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=547.01,551.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what we see is Puerto Rico in the Pacific, basically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=551.11,554.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Any other questions? Back here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=556.3,557.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct question from the audience)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=559.039,561.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vanuatu became independent in 1980,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=561.11,564.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"formerly called New Hebrides, it was jointly ruled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=564.98,567.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the British and the French.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=567.66,568.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They called it a condominium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=568.87,570.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The locals referred to it as the pandemonium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=570.64,573.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was the term for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=573.37,574.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In '82 when they became independent, the leader","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=575.62,578.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the independence movement was actually an Anglican priest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=578.62,581.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the name of Walter Linney, Father Linney, friend of mine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=581.55,585.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since '82 Vanuatu has charted a non-aligned course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=585.41,589.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, Vanuatu belongs to the non-aligned movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=589.03,592.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, sits on its coordinating bureau","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=592.38,594.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the non-aligned nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=594.86,596.854"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vanuatu was one of the first countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=596.854,600.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to declare itself nuclear free, independent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=600.27,603.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it didn't want to be a puppet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=603.83,606.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of any superpower.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=606.37,607.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very courageous, bold steps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=607.65,609.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's actually been a leader in the Pacific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=609.43,611.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the last year, Father Linney has suffered a stroke.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=611.63,615.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's become physically debilitated, and the opposition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=615.58,618.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we suspect has been funded by right-wing groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=618.95,622.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this country, groups associated with John Singlaub","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=622.73,625.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the World Anti-Communist League and other groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=625.473,628.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Walter Linney's power base has been eroded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=629.34,631.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's some chaos, and we're actually expecting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=631.78,634.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a coup in Vanuatu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=634.22,635.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm very glad you brought that up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=635.75,637.541"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I forgot to mention Vanuatu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=637.541,638.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Pentagon calls it the Cuba of the Pacific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=638.9,641.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the name for Vanuatu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=641.95,643.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct question from the audience)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=643.973,648.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=650.64,651.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first fishing deal in the Pacific with the Soviets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=651.473,653.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"occurred in '85 with what were formerly called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=653.65,656.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Gilbert Islands, now called Kiribati.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=656.44,658.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they contracted with the Soviets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=658.51,660.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the Soviets were allowed to send seven purse seiners","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=660.95,663.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into Kiribati.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=663.27,664.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1986, Vonuatu signed a fishing contract","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=664.59,667.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that just expired.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=667.64,668.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're not sure they're going to renew it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=668.66,669.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think we're going to renew it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=669.71,671.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think they've caught so much heat from Washington","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=671.13,673.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Western Alliance that they figured that it just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=673.06,675.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wasn't cost-effective to do it any longer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=675.9,678.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the fishing deal is over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=678.34,679.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They did a two-year fishing deal with the Soviets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=679.77,682.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=683.58,684.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct question from the audience)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=686.113,691.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't love the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=691.61,693.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They respect the United States in real poli-tip terms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=695.496,700.496"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they understand the United States is a force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=700.95,703.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be reckoned with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=703.13,704.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think in their heart of hearts, most Pacific peoples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=704.47,706.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resent the United States, fear the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=706.78,709.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the same time, United States is beginning to invest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=709.51,712.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some of the Pacific nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=712.35,714.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have a new tuna fisheries agreement they just signed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=714.12,716.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're throwing some dollars out there now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=716.55,718.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's sort of a love, hate relationship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=718.58,720.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's not a great reservoir of love for the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=720.59,723.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Pacific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=723.06,724.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as I mentioned, France is the real pariah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=724.04,726.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=728.69,729.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct question from the 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detonated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=736.777,739.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, on Enewetak, 43 atomic and hydrogen bombs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=739.81,744.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Bikini, 23 atomic and hydrogen bombs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=744.18,746.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"altogether 66 in the Marshalls.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=746.44,748.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's ludicrous when it is so thoroughly saturated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=748.85,752.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the environment and the ecosystem, the groundwater,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=752.59,755.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the soil, the plants, the capitals from the coconut trees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=755.45,758.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"take up the contaminated water from the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=758.5,760.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is called the diamond Hertzberg lens,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=760.87,762.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the freshwater lens that sits on top","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=762.61,764.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the seawater and it just continually circulates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=764.04,766.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, even the reef fish are contaminated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=766.86,769.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because strontium is very similar to calcium chemically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=769.9,773.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are certain fishes, reef fishes that actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=773.51,776.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eat coral like parrotfish, for example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=776.4,779.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so they're eating contaminated coral.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=779.17,781.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the people eat the fish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=781.32,782.297"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see the picture?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=782.297,783.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I don't believe it's possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=783.56,785.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct question from the audience)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=786.425,789.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For Bikini.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=789.23,790.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States spent, in 1979, our government,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=790.063,792.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our tax dollars, probably all of us, you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=792.69,795.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably 25 cents out of our paychecks each,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=795.93,799.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spent $120 million \"cleaning up Enewetak\".","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=800.01,803.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was a boondoggle, because you see, what they did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=804.352,806.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is they poured all this radioactive dirt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=806.42,808.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into a bomb crater on one of the islands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=808.67,810.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is porous as hell, it's like a sponge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=810.79,813.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they capped it with a concrete dome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=813.43,815.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And every time there's a title action twice a day","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=815.26,817.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to stop leaches into the environment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=817.59,819.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the Marine environment, $120 million.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=819.4,822.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The reason they did that was they wanted to show the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=822.17,824.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it was possible to clean up test sites.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=824.46,826.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That way they could say to the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=826.89,828.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Three Mile Island, you see, you don't have it so bad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=828.28,830.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we can clean up Enewetak,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=830.95,832.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you guys have nothing to worry about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=832.07,833.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, the reality is it was a boondoggle, a white elephant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=833.28,836.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're talking about a hundred million.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=836.02,838.054"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At Bikini they have three plans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=838.054,839.579"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is to saturate the soil with some phosphorus fertilizer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=839.579,844.579"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is similar to the caesium-137 that they think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=845.35,849.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will help to drain out and leach out the caesium-137","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=849.57,853.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the soil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=853.08,853.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's one 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islands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=857.49,859.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we've heard about the greenhouse effect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=859.16,861.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the rising of the sea 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vulnerable?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=865.76,868.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These little coral atolls that sit 20 feet off the water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=868.21,871.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the highest point in the Marshall 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it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=874.72,875.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are not volcanic islands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=875.553,876.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are coral 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Or Bush?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1146.69,1148.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh, just me. (chuckles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1151.787,1153.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1156.05,1157.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct question from the 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It's white rice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1246.92,1249.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's white flour. It's not just sugar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1249.73,1251.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the whole diet, the entire diet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1251.7,1254.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has been radically shifted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1254.493,1256.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct question from the audience)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1257.658,1262.325"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. The time you need. (chuckles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1267.332,1272.332"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct question from the audience)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1272.4,1274.641"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah well, in reality, you can't get two radiation 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Go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1339.523,1340.356"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One more. Come on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1340.356,1341.815"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct question from the 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boosted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1365.86,1368.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that up to a full embassy status.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1368.64,1371.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we now know that Israel was helping to 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increase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1376.26,1381.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, do you have a question?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1384.48,1386.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No. Okay, you're welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1386.09,1388.352"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(applause)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1388.352,1390.602"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e We have two last announcements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1396.362,1398.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is everyone is invited to a reception.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1398.09,1401.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As soon as you leave here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1401.51,1402.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Liz and Al's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1402.77,1405.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Address is one, one, one, nine Orchard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1405.92,1409.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can tell you how to get there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1409.62,1410.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you need directions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1410.58,1412.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Two is you're all invited to take part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1412.85,1415.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the creation of next year's Institute in World Affairs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1415.56,1418.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We start meeting in about two weeks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1418.817,1420.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The time will be in the paper or you can call the office","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1420.69,1422.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we start again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1422.85,1424.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e He says, January.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1425.81,1427.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e We'll start talking about this year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=1427.27,1429.543"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25174/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/174/original/AV203789_Pacific_Islands_in_the_Nuclear_Age_b.vtt?1620122804","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/174/original/AV203789_Pacific_Islands_in_the_Nuclear_Age_b.vtt?1620122804"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25175","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203789_Pacific_Islands_in_the_Nuclear_Age_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119/transcript/25175/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Are 43%. The Europeans, they call them the Caldoches, are 35%. And the Polynesians Asians who came to New Caledonia because of the rich nickel deposits. New Caledonia has the third largest, world's largest nickel reserves. And all of this money then is siphoned off back to metropolitan power in Paris. So it's lucrative financially for France and also militarily because they're going to expand Harbor to accommodate the French Triton submarine as well as the new Jaguar nuclear laden bombers. They're going to expand the international airport in New Caledonia. Now I know this doesn't touch your lives directly, but it's important to see the current situation in the Pacific. So after the slide show, you'll know a little bit more about New Caledonia and what's going on in Fiji. And to me, that's very important. I'm elated that you're all here to see these slides. Now, Australia boasts, I think if I'm not mistaken, except for Namibia, the world's richest deposits of uranium. And in fact, the dock workers in Australia many times have actually threatened to not load ships with uranium because they understand that it goes to France, comes back in the form of warheads of Moriori. And during the days of the atmospheric tests, before they went underground in '74 for France, they got their uranium in the form of fallout coming right back at their face in Australia. So the dock workers many times actually had big strikes in Australia. And the way they do it is just like we dig for coal in Colorado. They strip mine. Talk about ecological catastrophe. I mean, this in itself is a slide show. Now comes the good part. I have a friend out there who said that they were going to wait for my one, two punch. This is the two-part. The people of the Pacific have had enough. They've had enough militarism. They don't want to be taken over by the Soviets. They don't want to be taken over by the Pentagon. They don't want to be anybody's puppets. They want to develop their fishery economy. They want to have access to their very rich seabed, which by the year 2000, when it becomes lucrative and economically feasible to begin mining the seabed minerals of cobalt and manganese, they want their what are called Economic Exclusive Zones, EEZ's, which is a 200 mile limit all around their islands. And of course the U.S. could not sign a law of the sea treaty. Needed a transfer to great Britain. And the U.S. says it reserves its right to exploit these minerals as it sees fit. This is what bothers Pacific Islanders. They want to be independent. They've had enough colonialism. In Micronesia alone, they had 400 years of foreign rule. 400 years. They've had enough. They're still wrecked from World War II. They don't want to buy into World War III. And all they're saying is leave us alone, let us be independent. And so we see the rise of what is called the NFIP. Nuclear Free and Independent Pacific Movement in my mind is the healthiest thing I've seen in years. It's so exciting. It's on the right side of history, the historical wave is moving in that direction. And as William Bode said in '82, it's the greatest threat to the Pentagon in the Pacific. Pacific Islanders are getting smart. They're organizing. They even have computers. They're talking to each other. They're going to conferences in Bohn and in London. They're mingling internationally, and it's a very exciting movement. So this is the conclusion of the slide show. Can we have the lights please? Now after the nice graphics, I'd like to open it up for questions please. Back here. That's a common commonly asked question. I spent 27 months on a radioactive island eating local foods, drinking local water. And the reality is it takes under the latency period, what we're learning from the Marshall Islanders, what we're learning from Japan. It's how many years now from Hiroshima, 42 years, 43 years. And still we have not seen the top of the curve, even in Hiroshima. For the people in the Marshalls, the curve is still going up for the thyroid effect. And the latent effects we're finding may take as long as 50, 60 years, not just 20 years. Personally, I'm really not that concerned. I'll let you know if I can't have babies. But my concern is with the people who live there for 50 years, eat the local foods and raise children out there. They're the ones who are really getting hit hard. Other questions? Yes. I'm glad you asked, and I forgot to mention that since the U.S. took over these islands, and I should tell you in the twenties and thirties when Japan had control of the islands in Micronesia, Micronesia was actually a net exporter of food. They grew rice, they grew pineapples. They exported sugar. They had pandanus, breadfruit was actually exported, as well as fish. Since the U.S. grabbed hold of the islands, and I'd like to read a document that will explain a lot to you. The U.S. made a conscious policy to make Micronesia extremely dependent on the U.S. because when this UN agreement ran out, when the post-trusteeship period occurred, the United States wanted to have the people of Micronesia right in the palm of their hand, and the best way to do that is economic dependency. So today more than 90% of Micronesia's economy comes right from Washington, from annual congressional appropriations, more than 90%. So there is no real indigenous economy. You've got some islands growing a few things, but it's it's not important. The reality is these people are totally bought on the American system. And in fact, since about 25 years ago, we've been sending great infusions of USDA surplus food out there. So we now have people sitting on islands with fish all around them, breadfruit, taro, pandanus, eating out of cans that say USDA on them. And they actually prefer that for taste. So consequently, we now see a rise of almost epidemic proportions, just as we find with Native Americans in reservations here have high incidence rates of diabetes. And in Micronesia, we have one of the highest rates of diabetes as a result of the radical change in diet. This is the policy that caused most of this. This happened in 1962. I got this document through the Freedom of Information Act, which unfortunately is probably going to be further reduced and diminished in the next four years, because Bush knows all too well about the free flow of information and how to suppress it. This is a policy called National Security Action Memorandum 145, NSAM 145. And one of the greatest things I love doing is going to the United Nations, blasting the U.S. for their violation of the UN agreement, and putting things like this into the record and getting this into the international community. Passing these things around. So this is NSAM 145 dated April, 1962. Subject: new policy for the U.S. trust territory in the Pacific Islands. And I won't bore you with the whole thing, but here it is in a nutshell. This is President Kennedy who signed this, by the way. Mind you, Kennedy gave a glowing beneficent speech at the general assembly about a month before he signed this document. And in that speech, which was his famous anti-colonialism speech, he said the United States will not merely be witness, but it will be a participant in the great process of decolonization taking place everywhere in the world, meaning Africa. So he said this great beautiful speech. Everyone applauded him. The next month, he put his pen to NSAM 145, and this is what it says. Accordingly, I have concluded that it is in the interest of the United States that the trust territory be given a real option at the appropriate time to move into a new and lasting relationship, a new and lasting relationship to the United States within our political framework. So since 1962, the policy was set. And that's when we started infusing large sums of capital into Micronesia, not to develop the economy or their tuna industry, which is the natural resource there. And if you really intended to help these people beginning in 1945, they could have helped to develop fisheries, canneries, persainers, and go after the tuna, and let the people become economically independent because as you know, you can't become independent unless you're economically independent. So rather than do that, the U.S. had this conscious policy of driving them into extreme dependency. So what we see is Puerto Rico in the Pacific, basically. Any other questions? Back here. Vanuatu became independent in 1980, formerly called New Hebrides, it was jointly ruled by the British and the French. They called it a condominium. The locals referred to it as the pandemonium. That was the term for it. In '82 when they became independent, the leader of the independence movement was actually an Anglican priest by the name of Walter Linney, Father Linney, friend of mine. Since '82 Vanuatu has charted a non-aligned course. In fact, Vanuatu belongs to the non-aligned movement. And in fact, sits on its coordinating bureau of the non-aligned nations. Vanuatu was one of the first countries to declare itself nuclear free, independent, and it didn't want to be a puppet of any superpower. Very courageous, bold steps. It's actually been a leader in the Pacific. In the last year, Father Linney has suffered a stroke. He's become physically debilitated, and the opposition which we suspect has been funded by right-wing groups in this country, groups associated with John Singlaub and the World Anti-Communist League and other groups, and Walter Linney's power base has been eroded. And there's some chaos, and we're actually expecting a coup in Vanuatu. I'm very glad you brought that up. I forgot to mention Vanuatu. The Pentagon calls it the Cuba of the Pacific. That's the name for Vanuatu. That's right. The first fishing deal in the Pacific with the Soviets occurred in '85 with what were formerly called the Gilbert Islands, now called Kiribati. And they contracted with the Soviets. So the Soviets were allowed to send seven purse seiners into Kiribati. In 1986, Vonuatu signed a fishing contract that just expired. They're not sure they're going to renew it. I don't think we're going to renew it. I think they've caught so much heat from Washington and the Western Alliance that they figured that it just wasn't cost-effective to do it any longer. So the fishing deal is over. They did a two-year fishing deal with the Soviets. Other questions? They don't love the United States. They respect the United States in real poli-tip terms. And they understand the United States is a force to be reckoned with. I think in their heart of hearts, most Pacific peoples resent the United States, fear the United States, at the same time, United States is beginning to invest in some of the Pacific nations. They have a new tuna fisheries agreement they just signed. They're throwing some dollars out there now. So it's sort of a love, hate relationship. There's not a great reservoir of love for the United States in the Pacific. And as I mentioned, France is the real pariah. Yes. I believe that it's ludicrous to consider \"cleaning up a former nuclear test site\" where we detonated for example, on Enewetak, 43 atomic and hydrogen bombs, at Bikini, 23 atomic and hydrogen bombs, altogether 66 in the Marshalls. I think it's ludicrous when it is so thoroughly saturated into the environment and the ecosystem, the groundwater, the soil, the plants, the capitals from the coconut trees take up the contaminated water from the what is called the diamond Hertzberg lens, the freshwater lens that sits on top of the seawater and it just continually circulates. In fact, even the reef fish are contaminated, because strontium is very similar to calcium chemically. And there are certain fishes, reef fishes that actually eat coral like parrotfish, for example. And so they're eating contaminated coral. And then the people eat the fish. You see the picture? So I don't believe it's possible. For Bikini. The United States spent, in 1979, our government, our tax dollars, probably all of us, you know probably 25 cents out of our paychecks each, spent $120 million \"cleaning up Enewetak\". And it was a boondoggle, because you see, what they did is they poured all this radioactive dirt into a bomb crater on one of the islands which is porous as hell, it's like a sponge, and they capped it with a concrete dome. And every time there's a title action twice a day to stop leaches into the environment into the Marine environment, $120 million. The reason they did that was they wanted to show the world that it was possible to clean up test sites. That way they could say to the people at Three Mile Island, you see, you don't have it so bad. If we can clean up Enewetak, you guys have nothing to worry about. Well, the reality is it was a boondoggle, a white elephant. They're talking about a hundred million. At Bikini they have three plans. One is to saturate the soil with some phosphorus fertilizer that is similar to the caesium-137 that they think will help to drain out and leach out the caesium-137 in the soil. That's one plan. The other plan is to scrape something like 18 inches of topsoil from all the islands. Well, we've heard about the greenhouse effect and the rising of the sea levels as the Earth's temperature rises. Guess who's going to be the most vulnerable? These little coral atolls that sit 20 feet off the water. And the highest point in the Marshall Islands is 34 feet above the water. That's it. These are not volcanic islands. These are coral atolls. So to scrape 18 inches of topsoil away from their islands is not very desirable. The third option is to bring in imported top soil from Australia, ships bringing top soil. So those are the three options that congress is weighing right now to spend a hundred million dollars on, of our tax dollars. France used to test their bombs in the Sahara Desert beginning in 1959. When Algeria became independent in '62, they had to look for another test site. Conveniently they had an island outpost in the Pacific near Tahiti. Well, they control all the French Polynesia as it's called plus New Caledonia. And what they did is they set up shop at Moriori. In 1966 they began above-ground testing, to the chagrin of Australia and New Zealand, because the prevailing trade winds bring all the fallout from Moriori right to New Zealand and Australia. In 1975, the prime minister of New Zealand, a man named Norman Kirk, labor leader, actually got on a New Zealand Navy frigate, and he sailed right into Moriori to protest the French tests. So the history of New Zealand's anti-nuclear policy didn't begin in '84 with Prime Minister Lange. It has a long history back to the the genesis of the French tests in '66. In 1974, Australia and New Zealand took France to the world court and sued them to stop the testing at Moriori. France did exactly what the U.S. did. When we were taken to the world court by Nicaragua, they didn't acknowledge its jurisdiction, they walked away from the world court. However, the public pressure, the political pressure was so great that in 1975 unilaterally, France got the picture and they took the testing underground. So since '75 they've been conducting tests underground. From '66 to 1988 France has conducted over 200 tests in the Pacific and they are the pariah. And it doesn't matter whether it was a socialist government, Mitterand says Force de frapp, that's de Gaulle's term, is so important, the French are so chauvinistic that most French, even the very left-wing French still see the necessity of testing out in the Pacific and holding on to New Caledonia. And you heard last week in this referendum in Paris 37% of the French people bothered to vote. 37% on New Caledonia. I could go on and on. I'm very angry at France, by the way. When I meet people from France I have to try really hard not to be angry with them. Yes, back here. Yes. No, they didn't let them off the hook. What happened was New Zealand its cheese and butter and case and wool, lamb products into the European common market. France threatened to veto the importation of New Zealand goods. Started twisting New Zealand economically. They cut a deal with the intersession of Javier Perez de Cuellar from the UN, secretary general of the UN actually cut the deal. The deal was the two French agents would be isolated on an atoll, an isolated atoll near Moriori called How Atoll, the deal was they would have to stay there for four years and then they could go back to France. Well, it turns out that the guy, there was a man and a woman who were agents who were sequel to the CIA, it's called the DGSE. The man claimed health problems, and after one year he was taken back to Paris. Earlier this year, in was in July, Chirac, prime minister Chirac actually took the woman, Prier, her name is Dominique Prier, she was one of the agents, and she was pregnant. And so they claim that there weren't facilities. So they took her back to Paris. New Zealand was very, very uproarious. The people, the New Zealand, I was in New Zealand last year, not only do they hate the French, I mean, they're so perturbed about what France is doing in the Pacific, but this really hits a nerve in New Zealand. So New Zealand did not let them off the hook. They were very angry. As New Zealanders react to the Rainbow Warrior incident is very similar to how we feel, you know, about, I mean, about Bush getting elected, I mean, very upset. In New Zealand? Or Bush? Oh, just me. Okay, yes. No, it's the sugar and it's the carbohydrate, the high carbohydrate diet. First of all, the diabetes was not a problem before the importation of the food. You're questioning that these radical changes in diet and nutrition did not bring on the onset of adult onset type two diabetes. It's not juvenile diabetes. It's adult onset. Well, what about the Native Americans? Okay, I'll be glad to read your sources if you'd like to offer it to me. Okay, afterwards, I'd like to talk with you. There's a question about whether the change in the diet has brought on the adult onset diabetes in epidemic proportions in Micronesia. There seems to be a question, and I would like to talk with you afterwards and get some of your sources. No, not too much sugar. It's white rice. It's white flour. It's not just sugar. It's the whole diet, the entire diet that has been radically shifted. Yes. The time you need. Yeah well, in reality, you can't get two radiation experts two physicists to agree on what is considered a threshold level. If there is no such thing as a threshold level. Yeah. I know in all fairness, it's a fair question, yeah. Any other questions? Go ahead. We'll make an exception. Go ahead. One more. Come on. Yes. Exactly. Before the coup there were 2000 members of the Fijian army. About 1200 of them were in the Sinai and in the Lebanon as part of the UN peacekeeping force, a uniform forces. And post-coup Israel, which had a trade, a low-level trade office in Suva has now boosted that up to a full embassy status. And we now know that Israel was helping to train the Fijian army and the army has gone from 2,000 to now 5,000, 250% increase. Okay, do you have a question? No. Okay, you're welcome.\r\n\r\n- We have two last announcements. One is everyone is invited to a reception. As soon as you leave here at Liz and Al's. Address is one, one, one, nine Orchard. We can tell you how to get there if you need directions. Two is you're all invited to take part in the creation of next year's Institute in World Affairs. We start meeting in about two weeks. The time will be in the paper or you can call the office and we start again.\r\n\r\n- He says, January.\r\n\r\n- We'll start talking about this year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40489/file/112119#t=0.0,1434.95837"}]}]}]}